981:, a dose-escalation scheme may be used. The use of a dose-escalation scheme has been well accepted in countries where galantamine is used. A dose-escalation scheme for Alzheimer's treatment involves a recommended starting dosage of 4 mg galantamine tablets given twice a day (8 mg/day). After a minimum of 4 weeks, the dosage may then be increased to 8 mg given twice a day (16 mg/day). After a minimum of 4 weeks at 16 mg/day, the treatment may be increased to 12 mg given twice a day (24 mg/day). Dosage increases are based upon the assessment of clinical benefit as well as tolerability of the previous dosage. If treatment is interrupted for more than three days, the process is usually restarted, beginning at the starting dosage, and re-escalating to the current dose. It has been found that a dosage between 16–24 mg/day is the optimal dosage.
632:
609:
1225:
1377:. According to the investigators, an unexpected synergistic interaction occurred between galantamine and atropine in an amount of 6 mg/kg or higher. Increasing the dose of galantamine from 5 to 8 mg/kg decreased the dose of atropine needed to protect experimental animals from the toxicity of soman in dosages 1.5 times the dose generally required to kill half the experimental animals.
1145:
51:
42:
6101:
1220:
at its nitrogen atom, forming two other possible metabolites. Galantamine can undergo demethylation at its oxygen atom, forming an intermediate which can then undergo glucuronidation or sulfate conjugation. Lastly, galantamine may be oxidized and then reduced before finally undergoing demethylation
1389:
to autistic children has been shown to improve some of the symptoms of autism such as irritability, lethargy, and social withdrawal. Additionally, the cholinergic and nicotinic receptors are believed to play a role in attentional processes. Some studies have noted that cholinergic and nicotinic
969:
receptors, which causes a conformational change. This allosteric modulation increases the nicotinic receptor's response to acetylcholine. The activation of presynaptic nicotinic receptors increases the release of acetylcholine, further increasing the availability of acetylcholine. Galantamine's
1305:
results primarily from their action as irreversible inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase. Inhibiting acetylcholinesterase causes an increase in acetylcholine, as the enzyme is no longer available to catalyze its breakdown. In the peripheral nervous system, acetylcholine accumulation can cause an
1426:, and nivalin (of which the active ingredient is galantamine). The degree of drowsiness and disorientation of the two groups was then assessed 5, 10, 15, 30 and 60 minutes after surgery. The group that had taken nivalin were found to be more alert 5, 10, and 15 minutes after the surgery.
956:
function. One hypothesis is that this impairment contributes to the cognitive deficits caused by the disease. This hypothesis forms the basis for use of galantamine as a cholinergic enhancer in the treatment of
Alzheimer's. Galantamine inhibits acetylcholinesterase, an enzyme which
2881:
2256:
1012:, swelling of the face or throat, and skin rash. Using galantamine may cause chest pain, bloody urine, stomach bleeding, and liver injury, among other side effects. Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dizziness, and headache are considered common side effects.
2907:
Ghaleiha A, Ghyasvand M, Mohammadi MR, Farokhnia M, Yadegari N, Tabrizi M, et al. (July 2014). "Galantamine efficacy and tolerability as an augmentative therapy in autistic children: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial".
3060:
Sparrow G, Hurd R, Carlson R, Molina A (August 2018). "Exploring the effects of galantamine paired with meditation and dream reliving on recalled dreams: Toward an integrated protocol for lucid dream induction and nightmare resolution".
1140:
in certain parts of the brain. Galantamine's effects on nAChRs and complementary acetylcholinesterase inhibition make up a dual mechanism of action. It is hypothesized that this action might relieve some of the symptoms of
Alzheimer's.
1846:
1271:
Since the alkaloid is isolated from botanical sources containing low amounts (0.1%) by weight, extraction yields are low. Although galantamine can be produced from natural resources, it also has many industrial syntheses, such as by
1330:. As a reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, galantamine has the potential to serve as an effective organophosphate poisoning treatment by preventing irreversible acetylcholinesterase inhibition. Additionally, galantamine has
3293:
2885:
2157:
Erkinjuntti T, Kurz A, Gauthier S, Bullock R, Lilienfeld S, Damaraju CV (April 2002). "Efficacy of galantamine in probable vascular dementia and
Alzheimer's disease combined with cerebrovascular disease: a randomised trial".
1306:
overstimulation of muscarinic receptors followed by a desensitization of nicotinic receptors. This leads to severe skeletal muscle fasciculations (involuntary contractions). The effects on the central nervous system include
2252:
4999:
1598:
1572:
3286:
1390:
treatments have improved attention in autistic children. As such, it is hypothesized that galantamine's dual action mechanism might have a similar effect in treating autistic children and adolescents.
1208:
In humans, several metabolic pathways for galantamine exist. These pathways lead to the formation of a number of different metabolites. One of the metabolites that may result can be formed through the
3727:
3773:
1866:
1100:
in certain areas of the brain. By binding to the allosteric site of the nAChRs, a conformational change occurs which increases the receptors response to acetylcholine. This modulation of the
6078:
3279:
6176:
4992:
961:
acetylcholine. As a result of acetylcholinesterase inhibition, galantamine increases the availability of acetylcholine for synaptic transmission. Additionally, galantamine binds to the
1104:
on cholinergic neurons in turn causes an increase in the amount of acetylcholine released. However, recent studies suggest that
Galantamine does not functionally act at human nAChRs
698:
6073:
4961:
1205:
are involved in galantamine metabolism. Within 24 hours of intravenous or oral administration approximately 20% of a dose of galantamine will be excreted unreacted in the urine.
175:
4985:
4966:
2313:
916:(AChE)-inhibiting properties. The first industrial process was developed in 1959. However, it was not until the 1990s when full-scale synthesis was upscaled and optimized.
1539:
1152:
Galantamine in its pure form is a white powder. The atomic resolution 3D structure of the complex of galantamine and its target, acetylcholinesterase, was determined by
6151:
1606:
1509:
2397:
Mannens GS, Snel CA, Hendrickx J, Verhaeghe T, Le Jeune L, Bode W, et al. (May 2002). "The metabolism and excretion of galantamine in rats, dogs, and humans".
2676:
1561:
1504:[Collegiate Board Resolution No. 784 - Lists of Narcotic, Psychotropic, Precursor, and Other Substances under Special Control] (in Brazilian Portuguese).
3114:
220:
73:
1907:
Heinrich M, Lee Teoh H (June 2004). "Galanthamine from snowdrop--the development of a modern drug against
Alzheimer's disease from local Caucasian knowledge".
722:
2022:
6121:
5782:
3918:
2546:
3388:
1087:
912:(common snowdrop) in the Soviet Union in the 1940s. The active ingredient was extracted, identified, and studied, in particular in relation to
4840:
4753:
2282:
1373:". Galantamine was studied in the research cited in the patent application for use along with the well-recognized nerve agent antidote
4809:
3613:
1497:
5019:
3107:
1050:
936:
and
Alzheimer's disease. The first person to extract galantamine and theorize its usefulness in medicine, was the Bulgarian chemist
750:
InChI=1S/C17H21NO3/c1-18-8-7-17-6-5-12(19)9-14(17)21-16-13(20-2)4-3-11(10-18)15(16)17/h3-6,12,14,19H,7-10H2,1-2H3/t12-,14-,17-/m0/s1
742:
2309:
3398:
5008:
3893:
1101:
1531:
2574:
2049:"Efficacy and safety of cognitive enhancers for patients with mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis"
1993:
944:(FDA) for the treatment of mild to moderate dementia. Galantamine may not be effective for treating mild cognitive impairment.
342:
205:
105:
1475:
1241:
will increase the cholinergic effects of galantamine. Inhibiting these enzymes may lead to adverse effects. It was found that
6146:
6136:
5442:
5038:
3432:
3140:
1281:
781:
3358:
2956:
Nicolson R, Craven-Thuss B, Smith J (October 2006). "A prospective, open-label trial of galantamine in autistic disorder".
1765:
4108:
2253:"Alpha Cognition Announces FDA Acceptance of New Drug Application for ALPHA-1062 for Mild-to-Moderate Alzheimer's Disease"
1505:
1501:
1285:
1172:
Absorption of galantamine is rapid and complete and shows linear pharmacokinetics. It is well absorbed with absolute oral
1105:
1065:
1054:
3408:
970:
competitive inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and allosteric nicotinic modulation serves as a dual mechanism of action.
6126:
6068:
4956:
4695:
3309:
3100:
2683:
1659:
941:
480:
3393:
6171:
6156:
5132:
3903:
1277:
1266:
1183:
The coadministration of food delays the rate of galantamine absorption, but does not affect the extent of absorption.
842:
588:
3403:
3092:
124:
6186:
6091:
5456:
5182:
5052:
4588:
4566:
1789:"Cholinesterase inhibitors for vascular dementia and other vascular cognitive impairments: a network meta-analysis"
1136:
in all areas of the body. By inhibiting acetylcholinesterase, it increases the concentration and thereby action of
3368:
3353:
3337:
1346:
1197:
Approximately 75% of a dose of galantamine is metabolised in the liver. In vitro studies have shown that hepatic
849:
3373:
6042:
5642:
4783:
4436:
4333:
4058:
1133:
1835:
Proskurnina NF, Areshknina LY. J. Chim. Gen. USSR. Chem. Abst. 1947;1948;1742(1595h):1216. No title available.
1116:
429:
1502:"RDC Nº 784 - Listas de Substâncias Entorpecentes, Psicotrópicas, Precursoras e Outras sob Controle Especial"
5172:
3363:
1273:
292:
161:
3025:
Tan S, Fan J (June 2023). "A systematic review of new empirical data on lucid dream induction techniques".
627:
6166:
6141:
5461:
5202:
2570:"Galantamine is not a positive allosteric modulator of human α4β2 or α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors"
2015:
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273:
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1001:
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420:
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4854:
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4827:
2508:
1221:
or oxidation at its nitrogen atom, or demethylation and subsequent glucuronidation at its oxygen atom.
1176:
between 80 and 100%. It has a terminal elimination half-life of seven hours. Peak effect of inhibiting
5347:
2821:
Albuquerque EX, Pereira EF, Aracava Y, Fawcett WP, Oliveira M, Randall WR, et al. (August 2006).
549:
6022:
5887:
5867:
5707:
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5567:
5357:
4551:
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3418:
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913:
876:
308:
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5907:
5842:
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4712:
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4612:
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4308:
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3633:
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1366:
807:
604:
375:
168:
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4418:
4414:
4410:
4406:
3643:
3600:
3551:
2442:"Galantamine: effect on nicotinic receptor binding, acetylcholinesterase inhibition, and learning"
1888:
Mashkovsky MD, Kruglikova-Lvova RP (1951). "On the pharmacology of the new alkaloid galantamine".
1015:
A gradual titration over more than three months may enable long-term tolerability in some people.
5957:
5897:
5807:
5732:
5627:
5612:
5602:
5282:
5011:
4429:
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4028:
3605:
3471:
3312:
2933:
2658:
2471:
2422:
2203:"Effects of galantamine in a 2-year, randomized, placebo-controlled study in Alzheimer's disease"
2183:
2136:
1967:
135:
5942:
5252:
3586:
3486:
1164:). There is no evidence that galantamine alters the course of the underlying dementing process.
83:
5637:
5077:
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4253:
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4823:
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4328:
4203:
4153:
4103:
3983:
3783:
3078:
3042:
3007:
2973:
2925:
2862:
2823:"Effective countermeasure against poisoning by organophosphorus insecticides and nerve agents"
2788:
2739:
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2601:
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2414:
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2234:
2175:
2128:
2078:
1959:
1924:
1858:
1818:
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1715:
1180:
was achieved about one hour after a single oral dose of 8 mg in some healthy volunteers.
1005:
908:
827:
560:
529:
233:
63:
5484:
5427:
5392:
5367:
5272:
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5092:
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1942:
Scott LJ, Goa KL (November 2000). "Galantamine: a review of its use in
Alzheimer's disease".
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5509:
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3326:
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2917:
2852:
2842:
2778:
2770:
2729:
2721:
2640:
2591:
2583:
2528:
2520:
2509:"More than Smoke and Patches: The Quest for Pharmacotherapies to Treat Tobacco Use Disorder"
2479:
2461:
2406:
2356:
2348:
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2224:
2214:
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1951:
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644:
255:
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2568:
Kowal NM, Ahring PK, Liao WY, Indurti DC, Harvey BS, O'Connor SM, et al. (July 2018).
2279:"Alpha Cognition's Oral Therapy Zunveyl Receives FDA Approval to Treat Alzheimer's Disease"
1038:, this tertiary amine will often bond to a hydrogen, and appear mostly as an ammonium ion.
489:
6105:
5572:
4850:
4819:
4733:
4728:
4536:
3823:
3813:
3793:
3149:
3123:
1302:
1254:
1246:
1209:
1173:
1076:
992:(Zunveyl), previously known as ALPHA-1062, to treat mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease.
989:
884:
837:
793:
469:
283:
263:
5474:
5466:
384:
2838:
2636:
2457:
2047:
Tricco AC, Soobiah C, Berliner S, Ho JM, Ng CH, Ashoor HM, et al. (November 2013).
1349:. The indications for use of galantamine in the patent application include poisoning by
883:
acetylcholine. This elevates and prolongs acetylcholine levels boosting acetylcholine's
631:
608:
5752:
5478:
5402:
5197:
5142:
4451:
4143:
4063:
3818:
3788:
3628:
2857:
2822:
2783:
2758:
2734:
2709:
2621:"Structure of acetylcholinesterase complexed with (-)-galanthamine at 2.3 A resolution"
2596:
2569:
2533:
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2229:
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2073:
2048:
1813:
1788:
1710:
1685:
1370:
1331:
1224:
1094:
973:
To reduce the prevalence of negative side effects associated with galantamine, such as
937:
900:
813:
2645:
2620:
2171:
988:(NDA) for a pro-drug of galantamine called ALPHA-1062. In July 2024, The FDA approved
6115:
6032:
5862:
5832:
5772:
5722:
5717:
5607:
5577:
5523:
5352:
5167:
5102:
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4353:
4128:
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3623:
3302:
3220:
3210:
2937:
2484:
2441:
2124:
1971:
1955:
1569:
List of nationally authorised medicinal products, Human
Medicines Evaluation Division
1217:
1157:
1137:
1022:
and medical disorders, requiring close assessment between the physician and patient.
872:
860:
impairments, although it has had limited success with the more advanced condition of
709:
620:
97:
2140:
1985:
5947:
5877:
5872:
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5587:
5538:
5519:
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4003:
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3638:
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3255:
3174:
3131:
2426:
2187:
1804:
1467:
1447:
1250:
188:
183:
2662:
1398:
Galantamine may have some limited use in reducing the side-effects of anesthetics
1237:
Since galantamine is metabolized by CYP2D6 and CYP3A4, inhibiting either of these
3074:
2710:"Pharmacological aspects of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease"
409:
6052:
6017:
5997:
5912:
5902:
5857:
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4013:
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1753:
1435:
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1350:
953:
91:
2827:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
2446:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
1345:
application for the use of galantamine and/or its derivatives for treatment of
1144:
6012:
5992:
5952:
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5882:
5827:
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3618:
3595:
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3526:
3511:
3476:
3451:
3305:
3200:
3195:
3169:
2759:"The case of galantamine: repurposing and late blooming of a cholinergic drug"
2352:
1920:
1701:
1415:
1242:
1238:
958:
888:
880:
674:
460:
2921:
2880:
Albuquerque, Edson X, Adler, Michael, Pereira, Edna F.R. (January 22, 2009).
2201:
Hager K, Baseman AS, Nye JS, Brashear HR, Han J, Sano M, et al. (2014).
1655:
5852:
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3215:
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2969:
2847:
1862:
1847:"Snowdrops: The heralds of spring and a modern drug for Alzheimer's disease"
1599:"Sustainable Production of the Natural Product Galanthamine (Defra), NF0612"
1342:
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321:
77:
50:
33:
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1963:
1928:
1822:
1787:
Battle CE, Abdul-Rahim AH, Shenkin SD, Hewitt J, Quinn TJ (February 2021).
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2410:
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1411:
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1403:
1399:
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978:
896:
861:
822:
802:
785:
440:
119:
2998:
Chakalova E, Marinova M, Srebreva M, Anastasov D, Ploskov K (1987). "".
2619:
Greenblatt HM, Kryger G, Lewis T, Silman I, Sussman JL (December 1999).
2064:
449:
41:
17:
6002:
5982:
5562:
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3908:
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3752:
3672:
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3541:
3179:
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2219:
1338:
1307:
788:
395:
3038:
2774:
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5592:
5412:
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4198:
3988:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3546:
3320:
2677:"Ortho-McNeil Neurologics, "Razadyne ER US Product Insert", May 2006"
1319:
1315:
1202:
1198:
974:
857:
540:
326:
300:
296:
1442:, dream self-awareness and dream vividness. The enhancement of such
887:
functionality, subsequently enhancing functionality of the various
509:
5962:
4576:
4298:
4288:
4138:
4033:
3383:
1443:
1439:
1358:
1354:
1223:
1143:
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1009:
697:
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520:
288:
1334:
properties which may make it even more desirable as an antidote.
3246:
1438:
properties. Research has demonstrated its potential to increase
1327:
500:
239:
4981:
3275:
3096:
227:
114:
2111:
Farlow MR (2003). "Clinical pharmacokinetics of galantamine".
1249:
of galantamine by 40%. The CYP3A4 inhibitors ketoconazole and
891:
that acetylcholine is involved in, such as memory processing,
3728:
Octamethylene-bis(5-dimethylcarbamoxyisoquinolinium bromide)
1605:. The National Non-Food Crops Centre (NNFCC). Archived from
593:
4841:
4754:
3774:
2-Ethoxycarbonyl-1-methylvinyl cyclohexyl methylphosphonate
1035:
146:
4810:
1756:. StatPearls Publishing, US National Library of Medicine.
952:
Alzheimer's disease is characterized by the impairment of
906:
Galantamine was isolated for the first time from bulbs of
5020:
848:
Galantamine is primarily known for its potential to slow
1532:"Razadyne- galantamine hydrobromide tablet, film coated"
903:, such as stomach bleeding, liver injury or chest pain.
214:
1406:. In one study, a control group of patients were given
767:
5443:
5039:
1212:
of galantamine. Additionally, galantamine may undergo
1189:
of galantamine is about 18%, which is relatively low.
811:(Voronov's snowdrop), and other members of the family
6089:
1030:
Galantamine's chemical structure contains a tertiary
940:
in 1959. In the United States, it is approved by the
2440:
Woodruff-Pak DS, Vogel RW, Wenk GL (February 2001).
2255:(Press release). Alpha Cognition. December 7, 2023.
5975:
5436:
5032:
5018:
4895:
4799:
4782:
4752:
4711:
4694:
4621:
3417:
3336:
3319:
3244:
3188:
3139:
2337:"Cholinesterase inhibitors for Alzheimer's disease"
1686:"Cholinesterase inhibitors for Alzheimer's disease"
708:
686:
673:
643:
638:
619:
587:
559:
539:
519:
499:
479:
459:
439:
428:
419:
394:
374:
333:
320:
307:
282:
272:
262:
254:
204:
199:
174:
160:
134:
104:
90:
72:
62:
57:
2958:Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology
2507:Moerke MJ, McMahon LR, Wilkerson JL (April 2020).
3338:
2281:(Press release). Alpha Cognition. July 29, 2024.
852:. It is used clinically for treating early-stage
362:)-5,6,9,10,11,12-Hexahydro-3-methoxy-11-methyl-4a
6177:Drugs developed by Takeda Pharmaceutical Company
2884:. US Patent and Trademark Office. Archived from
1571:. European Medicines Agency. November 12, 2020.
408:
875:by the inhibiting activity of an enzyme called
867:It works by increasing the amount of a type of
383:
5938:Trimetaphan camsilate (trimethaphan camsylate)
4683:Many of the other AChE inhibitors listed above
2882:"United States Patent Application 20090023706"
1418:and surgery. The experimental group was given
1004:profile of galantamine includes potential for
6079:Acetylcholine metabolism/transport modulators
4993:
4623:
3287:
3108:
2392:
2390:
2388:
2386:
2384:
2382:
2380:
1257:of galantamine by 30% and 12%, respectively.
8:
6074:Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor modulators
4962:Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor modulators
3419:
123:
32:
4967:Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulators
4846:Tooltip Vesicle-associated membrane protein
4759:Tooltip Vesicular acetylcholine transporter
4713:
2341:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
2106:
2104:
2102:
2100:
2098:
2096:
2094:
2092:
1793:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1690:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1446:properties can facilitate the induction of
247:In general: ℞ (Prescription only)
5029:
5000:
4986:
4978:
4815:Tooltip Synaptosomal-associated protein 25
4796:
4708:
3333:
3294:
3280:
3272:
3115:
3101:
3093:
630:
607:
468:
49:
40:
5025:Tooltip Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
2993:
2991:
2989:
2987:
2856:
2846:
2816:
2814:
2812:
2810:
2808:
2806:
2804:
2802:
2782:
2733:
2644:
2595:
2532:
2483:
2465:
2360:
2228:
2218:
2152:
2150:
2072:
2021:. US Food and Drug Administration. 2004.
1812:
1709:
488:
329:(95%, of which 32% unchanged), fecal (5%)
6152:Drugs developed by Johnson & Johnson
5568:Candocuronium iodide (chandonium iodide)
1747:
1745:
1743:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1735:
1733:
1731:
1729:
1684:Birks J (January 2006). Birks JS (ed.).
1650:
1648:
1646:
1644:
1642:
1640:
1638:
1636:
1245:, an inhibitor of CYP2D6, increased the
6096:
3919:Dimethyl 4-(methylthio)phenyl phosphate
2335:Birks J (January 2006). Birks J (ed.).
2304:
2302:
2300:
1679:
1677:
1634:
1632:
1630:
1628:
1626:
1624:
1622:
1620:
1618:
1616:
1459:
924:Galantamine, sold under the brand name
747:
727:
603:
448:
347:
96:
5448:Tooltip negative allosteric modulators
5044:Tooltip positive allosteric modulators
2951:
2949:
2947:
2207:Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment
2016:"Galantamine hydrobromide (trademark)"
1996:from the original on November 17, 2019
1768:from the original on December 26, 2023
1752:Kalola UK, Nguyen H (March 12, 2023).
1478:from the original on February 25, 2020
1148:Galantamine's dual mechanism of action
932:for the treatment of mild to moderate
621:
31:
4109:Methylfluorophosphonylcholine (MFPCh)
3359:2-(α-Naphthoyl)ethyltrimethylammonium
1662:from the original on October 14, 2018
1578:from the original on October 31, 2021
984:In December 2023, the FDA approved a
730:O(c2c1O4C(O)/C=C\43c1c(cc2)CN(C)CC3)C
569:
548:
528:
82:
7:
2549:from the original on October 8, 2021
1122:as a positive allosteric modulator.
575:
187:
4906:
3409:N,N-Dimethylaminoethylchloroacetate
2316:from the original on March 26, 2024
2285:from the original on August 4, 2024
2259:from the original on April 16, 2024
1542:from the original on April 26, 2023
1512:from the original on August 3, 2023
1326:, cardiorespiratory paralysis, and
1020:interactions with other medications
1018:Galantamine has a wide spectrum of
508:
399:
2028:from the original on July 13, 2020
1468:"Galantamine Use During Pregnancy"
1337:Research supported in part by the
841:(red spider lily). It can also be
25:
5653:Dimethyltubocurarine (metocurine)
3343:Tooltip Choline acetyltransferase
1385:Galantamine given in addition to
1228:Metabolic pathways of galantamine
1125:Galantamine also works as a weak
1051:nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
6099:
5009:Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
4403:Fasciculins (green mamba toxins)
3894:Dicyclohexyl phosphorofluoridate
2125:10.2165/00003088-200342150-00005
1956:10.2165/00003495-200060050-00008
899:. Galantamine may cause serious
661:
655:
6122:Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
6033:Meclofenoxate (centrophenoxine)
5358:Suxethonium (succinyldicholine)
5353:Suxamethonium (succinylcholine)
4334:Tetraethyl pyrophosphate (TEPP)
4059:Hexaethyl tetraphosphate (HETP)
3221:Meclofenoxate (centrophenoxine)
2575:British Journal of Pharmacology
2399:Drug Metabolism and Disposition
1562:"Active substance: galantamine"
1102:nicotinic cholinergic receptors
755:Key:ASUTZQLVASHGKV-JDFRZJQESA-N
3404:N,N-Dimethylaminoethylacrylate
1805:10.1002/14651858.CD013306.pub2
1353:"including but not limited to
791:from the bulbs and flowers of
782:acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
664:
649:
1:
6069:Receptor/signaling modulators
5723:Hexamethonium (benzohexonium)
4957:Receptor/signaling modulators
4729:Hemicholinium-3 (hemicholine)
4628:Tooltip Butyrylcholinesterase
2910:Journal of Psychopharmacology
2646:10.1016/S0014-5793(99)01637-3
2172:10.1016/S0140-6736(02)08267-3
1658:. Drugs.com. August 8, 2023.
1434:Galantamine is known to have
1286:Takeda Pharmaceutical Company
714:126.5 °C (259.7 °F)
223:(Other controlled substances)
3424:Tooltip Acetylcholinesterase
3075:10.1016/j.concog.2018.05.012
1909:Journal of Ethnopharmacology
942:Food and Drug Administration
5803:Methorphan (racemethorphan)
5133:Bephenium hydroxynaphthoate
4718:Tooltip Choline transporter
4664:Profenamine (ethopropazine)
3904:Diisopropyl fluorophosphate
3369:4-(1-Naphthylvinyl)pyridine
3354:1-(-Benzoylethyl)pyridinium
3063:Consciousness and Cognition
1508:(published April 4, 2023).
1278:Ortho-McNeil Pharmaceutical
1267:Galantamine total synthesis
1086:, and chicken/mouse nAChRs
6203:
5183:Dimethylphenylpiperazinium
4567:Dimethylcarbamoyl fluoride
3374:Acetylseco hemicholinium-3
3000:Akusherstvo I Ginekologiia
2757:Mucke HA (November 2015).
2293:– via Business Wire.
2267:– via Business Wire.
1264:
639:Chemical and physical data
366:-benzofuro benzazepin-6-ol
6061:
4949:
3027:Journal of Sleep Research
2353:10.1002/14651858.CD005593
2113:Clinical Pharmacokinetics
1921:10.1016/j.jep.2004.02.012
1702:10.1002/14651858.CD005593
1347:organophosphate poisoning
1297:Organophosphate poisoning
763:
738:
718:
338:
48:
39:
6043:Phosphatidylethanolamine
4437:Methanesulfonyl fluoride
2922:10.1177/0269881113508830
2708:Kim JK, Park SU (2017).
1890:Farmakologia Toxicologia
1261:Extraction and synthesis
1134:cholinesterase inhibitor
1041:Galantamine is a potent
5823:Morphanol (racemorphan)
5763:Laudexium (laudolissin)
5173:Desformylflustrabromine
3614:+glycopyrronium bromide
2970:10.1089/cap.2006.16.621
2848:10.1073/pnas.0605370103
2513:Pharmacological Reviews
1603:NNFCC Project Factsheet
1506:Diário Oficial da União
947:
27:Neurological medication
3364:3-Chloro-4-stillbazole
3069:. Elsevier BV: 74–88.
2726:10.17179/excli2016-820
2467:10.1073/pnas.031584398
1851:Pharmaceutical Journal
1229:
1187:Plasma protein binding
1149:
843:produced synthetically
6147:Janssen Pharmaceutica
6137:Benzofuranethanamines
6028:Glycerophosphocholine
2525:10.1124/pr.119.018028
2312:. Mayo Clinic. 2024.
1538:. November 11, 2010.
1474:. February 18, 2019.
1227:
1154:X-ray crystallography
1147:
6023:Dimethylethanolamine
5888:Rapacuronium bromide
5868:Pipecuronium bromide
5708:Gantacurium chloride
5668:Dizocilpine (MK-801)
5253:MEM-63,908 (RG-3487)
5203:Ethoxysebacylcholine
4925:Atracotoxins (e.g.,
4552:Tetrahydrocannabinol
3899:Diisopropylphosphate
2689:on December 22, 2009
2411:10.1124/dmd.30.5.553
1178:acetylcholinesterase
986:New Drug Application
914:acetylcholinesterase
877:acetylcholinesterase
799:Galanthus caucasicus
6127:Antidementia agents
6038:Phosphatidylcholine
5923:Threohydrobupropion
5908:Stercuronium iodide
5843:Pancuronium bromide
4911:Tooltip Latrophilin
4613:Trimedoxime bromide
4542:Stercuronium iodide
4359:Tricresyl phosphate
3834:Chlorpyrifos-methyl
2839:2006PNAS..10313220A
2637:1999FEBSL.463..321G
2458:2001PNAS...98.2089W
2065:10.1503/cmaj.130451
1869:on October 23, 2018
1845:Heinrich M (2004).
1156:in 1999 (PDB code:
948:Alzheimer's disease
854:Alzheimer's disease
808:Galanthus woronowii
797:(common snowdrop),
36:
6172:Secondary alcohols
6157:Nicotinic agonists
5958:Vecuronium bromide
5898:Rocuronium bromide
5808:Methyllycaconitine
5733:Hydroxynorketamine
5628:Dextropropoxyphene
5613:Dehydronorketamine
5603:Dacuronium bromide
4430:Onchidella binneyi
3772:Organophosphates:
2220:10.2147/NDT.S57909
1609:on March 14, 2012.
1500:(March 31, 2023).
1230:
1150:
6187:Methoxy compounds
6087:
6086:
6048:Phosphorylcholine
5986:
5971:
5970:
5768:Levacetylmethadol
5648:Dihydrochandonium
5528:sodium thiopental
5198:Ethanol (alcohol)
4975:
4974:
4945:
4944:
4793:
4778:
4777:
4705:
4690:
4689:
4329:Tetrachlorvinphos
4204:Pirimiphos-methyl
4154:Oxydemeton-methyl
4104:Methyl phenkapton
3330:
3269:
3268:
3189:Other medications
3130:agents (ATC code
3039:10.1111/jsr.13786
2775:10.4155/fso.15.73
2763:Future Science OA
2588:10.1111/bph.14329
2582:(14): 2911–2925.
2166:(9314): 1283–90.
1233:Drug interactions
1006:allergic reaction
934:vascular dementia
928:among others, is
909:Galanthus nivalis
850:cognitive decline
831:(snowflake), and
828:Leucojum aestivum
794:Galanthus nivalis
775:
774:
699:Interactive image
589:CompTox Dashboard
243:
231:
218:
150:
117:
16:(Redirected from
6194:
6104:
6103:
6102:
6095:
5980:
5918:Thiocolchicoside
5728:Hydroxybupropion
5623:Dextromethorphan
5495:Allopregnanolone
5449:
5445:
5348:Suberyldicholine
5058:6-Chloronicotine
5045:
5041:
5030:
5026:
5022:
5002:
4995:
4988:
4979:
4912:
4908:
4847:
4843:
4816:
4812:
4797:
4787:
4760:
4756:
4719:
4715:
4709:
4699:
4629:
4625:
4593:Asoxime chloride
4169:Parathion-methyl
3869:Demeton-S-methyl
3425:
3421:
3344:
3340:
3334:
3324:
3296:
3289:
3282:
3273:
3124:Psychoanaleptics
3117:
3110:
3103:
3094:
3087:
3086:
3057:
3051:
3050:
3022:
3016:
3015:
3002:(in Bulgarian).
2995:
2982:
2981:
2953:
2942:
2941:
2904:
2898:
2897:
2895:
2893:
2888:on July 13, 2020
2877:
2871:
2870:
2860:
2850:
2818:
2797:
2796:
2786:
2754:
2748:
2747:
2737:
2705:
2699:
2698:
2696:
2694:
2688:
2682:. Archived from
2681:
2673:
2667:
2666:
2648:
2616:
2610:
2609:
2599:
2565:
2559:
2558:
2556:
2554:
2536:
2504:
2498:
2497:
2487:
2469:
2437:
2431:
2430:
2394:
2375:
2374:
2364:
2332:
2326:
2325:
2323:
2321:
2306:
2295:
2294:
2292:
2290:
2275:
2269:
2268:
2266:
2264:
2249:
2243:
2242:
2232:
2222:
2198:
2192:
2191:
2154:
2145:
2144:
2108:
2087:
2086:
2076:
2059:(16): 1393–401.
2044:
2038:
2037:
2035:
2033:
2027:
2020:
2012:
2006:
2005:
2003:
2001:
1982:
1976:
1975:
1950:(5): 1095–1122.
1939:
1933:
1932:
1915:(2–3): 147–162.
1904:
1898:
1897:
1885:
1879:
1878:
1876:
1874:
1865:. Archived from
1842:
1836:
1833:
1827:
1826:
1816:
1784:
1778:
1777:
1775:
1773:
1749:
1724:
1723:
1713:
1681:
1672:
1671:
1669:
1667:
1652:
1611:
1610:
1594:
1588:
1587:
1585:
1583:
1577:
1566:
1558:
1552:
1551:
1549:
1547:
1528:
1522:
1521:
1519:
1517:
1494:
1488:
1487:
1485:
1483:
1464:
1310:, restlessness,
1303:organophosphates
1301:The toxicity of
1168:Pharmacokinetics
869:neurotransmitter
771:
770:
701:
681:
666:
663:
657:
651:
634:
623:
612:
611:
597:
595:
579:
573:
552:
532:
512:
492:
472:
452:
432:
412:
402:
401:
387:
312:
241:
238:
229:
226:
216:
213:
191:
148:
145:
127:
116:
113:
100:
86:
68:Razadyne, others
53:
44:
37:
35:
21:
6202:
6201:
6197:
6196:
6195:
6193:
6192:
6191:
6112:
6111:
6110:
6100:
6098:
6090:
6088:
6083:
6057:
5979:
5967:
5573:Chlorisondamine
5447:
5440:
5432:
5043:
5036:
5024:
5014:
5006:
4976:
4971:
4941:
4910:
4891:
4851:Botulinum toxin
4845:
4820:Botulinum toxin
4814:
4786:
4774:
4758:
4748:
4734:Triethylcholine
4717:
4698:
4686:
4627:
4617:
4537:Rosmarinic acid
4304:Sulfotep (TEDP)
3974:Ethylsarin (GE)
3854:Cyclosarin (GF)
3824:Chlorfenvinphos
3814:Carbophenothion
3794:Azinphos-methyl
3423:
3413:
3379:Acryloylcholine
3342:
3323:
3315:
3300:
3270:
3265:
3240:
3184:
3150:Benzgalantamine
3135:
3121:
3091:
3090:
3059:
3058:
3054:
3024:
3023:
3019:
2997:
2996:
2985:
2955:
2954:
2945:
2906:
2905:
2901:
2891:
2889:
2879:
2878:
2874:
2833:(35): 13220–5.
2820:
2819:
2800:
2756:
2755:
2751:
2707:
2706:
2702:
2692:
2690:
2686:
2679:
2675:
2674:
2670:
2618:
2617:
2613:
2567:
2566:
2562:
2552:
2550:
2506:
2505:
2501:
2439:
2438:
2434:
2396:
2395:
2378:
2347:(1): CD005593.
2334:
2333:
2329:
2319:
2317:
2308:
2307:
2298:
2288:
2286:
2277:
2276:
2272:
2262:
2260:
2251:
2250:
2246:
2200:
2199:
2195:
2156:
2155:
2148:
2119:(15): 1383–92.
2110:
2109:
2090:
2046:
2045:
2041:
2031:
2029:
2025:
2018:
2014:
2013:
2009:
1999:
1997:
1984:
1983:
1979:
1941:
1940:
1936:
1906:
1905:
1901:
1887:
1886:
1882:
1872:
1870:
1857:(7330): 905–6.
1844:
1843:
1839:
1834:
1830:
1799:(2): CD013306.
1786:
1785:
1781:
1771:
1769:
1751:
1750:
1727:
1696:(1): CD005593.
1683:
1682:
1675:
1665:
1663:
1654:
1653:
1614:
1596:
1595:
1591:
1581:
1579:
1575:
1564:
1560:
1559:
1555:
1545:
1543:
1530:
1529:
1525:
1515:
1513:
1496:
1495:
1491:
1481:
1479:
1466:
1465:
1461:
1456:
1432:
1396:
1383:
1371:Novichok agents
1299:
1294:
1269:
1263:
1255:bioavailability
1247:bioavailability
1235:
1210:glucuronidation
1195:
1174:bioavailability
1170:
1120:
1113:
1109:
1098:
1091:
1084:
1080:
1073:
1069:
1062:
1058:
1034:. At a neutral
1028:
998:
990:benzgalantamine
950:
922:
901:adverse effects
885:neuromodulatory
838:Lycoris radiata
766:
764:
759:
756:
751:
746:
745:
734:
731:
726:
725:
704:
679:
669:
660:
654:
615:
591:
583:
555:
535:
515:
495:
475:
455:
435:
415:
398:
390:
370:
367:
346:
345:
310:
274:Protein binding
264:Bioavailability
256:Pharmacokinetic
250:
195:
163:
156:
137:
130:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6200:
6198:
6190:
6189:
6184:
6179:
6174:
6169:
6164:
6159:
6154:
6149:
6144:
6139:
6134:
6129:
6124:
6114:
6113:
6109:
6108:
6085:
6084:
6082:
6081:
6076:
6071:
6066:
6062:
6059:
6058:
6056:
6055:
6050:
6045:
6040:
6035:
6030:
6025:
6020:
6015:
6010:
6000:
5995:
5989:
5987:
5973:
5972:
5969:
5968:
5966:
5965:
5960:
5955:
5950:
5945:
5940:
5935:
5930:
5925:
5920:
5915:
5910:
5905:
5900:
5895:
5890:
5885:
5880:
5875:
5870:
5865:
5860:
5855:
5850:
5845:
5840:
5835:
5830:
5825:
5820:
5815:
5810:
5805:
5800:
5795:
5790:
5785:
5780:
5775:
5770:
5765:
5760:
5755:
5753:Kynurenic acid
5750:
5745:
5740:
5735:
5730:
5725:
5720:
5715:
5710:
5705:
5700:
5695:
5690:
5685:
5680:
5675:
5670:
5665:
5660:
5655:
5650:
5645:
5640:
5635:
5630:
5625:
5620:
5615:
5610:
5605:
5600:
5595:
5590:
5585:
5580:
5575:
5570:
5565:
5560:
5555:
5550:
5547:κ-bungarotoxin
5543:α-bungarotoxin
5536:
5531:
5517:
5512:
5507:
5502:
5497:
5492:
5487:
5482:
5481:, many others)
5471:α-bungarotoxin
5464:
5459:
5453:
5451:
5434:
5433:
5431:
5430:
5425:
5420:
5415:
5410:
5405:
5403:Tribendimidine
5400:
5395:
5390:
5385:
5380:
5375:
5370:
5365:
5360:
5355:
5350:
5345:
5340:
5335:
5330:
5328:Sebacylcholine
5325:
5320:
5315:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5295:
5290:
5285:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5260:
5255:
5250:
5245:
5240:
5235:
5230:
5225:
5220:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5200:
5195:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5165:
5160:
5155:
5150:
5145:
5143:Butyrylcholine
5140:
5135:
5130:
5125:
5120:
5115:
5110:
5105:
5100:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5070:
5065:
5060:
5055:
5049:
5047:
5027:
5016:
5015:
5007:
5005:
5004:
4997:
4990:
4982:
4973:
4972:
4970:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4950:
4947:
4946:
4943:
4942:
4940:
4939:
4934:
4919:
4918:
4901:
4899:
4893:
4892:
4890:
4889:
4886:γ-bungarotoxin
4882:β-bungarotoxin
4871:
4870:
4836:
4835:
4805:
4803:
4794:
4780:
4779:
4776:
4775:
4773:
4772:
4763:
4761:
4750:
4749:
4747:
4746:
4737:
4736:
4731:
4722:
4720:
4706:
4692:
4691:
4688:
4687:
4685:
4684:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4632:
4630:
4619:
4618:
4616:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4585:
4584:
4579:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4529:
4524:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4494:
4489:
4484:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4440:
4439:
4434:
4422:
4400:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4144:Novichok agent
4141:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4064:Isofluorophate
4061:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4031:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3819:Chlorethoxyfos
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3789:Azinphos-ethyl
3786:
3781:
3776:
3766:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3629:Pyridostigmine
3626:
3621:
3616:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3428:
3426:
3415:
3414:
3412:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3347:
3345:
3331:
3317:
3316:
3301:
3299:
3298:
3291:
3284:
3276:
3267:
3266:
3264:
3263:
3258:
3252:
3250:
3242:
3241:
3239:
3238:
3233:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3192:
3190:
3186:
3185:
3183:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3152:
3146:
3144:
3141:AChE inhibitor
3137:
3136:
3122:
3120:
3119:
3112:
3105:
3097:
3089:
3088:
3052:
3017:
2983:
2943:
2899:
2872:
2798:
2749:
2700:
2668:
2611:
2560:
2519:(2): 527–557.
2499:
2452:(4): 2089–94.
2432:
2376:
2327:
2296:
2270:
2244:
2193:
2146:
2088:
2039:
2007:
1977:
1934:
1899:
1880:
1837:
1828:
1779:
1725:
1673:
1612:
1589:
1553:
1523:
1489:
1458:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1431:
1428:
1414:and underwent
1395:
1392:
1382:
1379:
1332:anticonvulsant
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1265:Main article:
1262:
1259:
1253:increased the
1234:
1231:
1194:
1191:
1169:
1166:
1118:
1111:
1107:
1096:
1089:
1082:
1078:
1071:
1067:
1060:
1056:
1027:
1024:
1002:adverse effect
997:
994:
949:
946:
938:Dimitar Paskov
921:
918:
814:Amaryllidaceae
773:
772:
761:
760:
758:
757:
754:
752:
749:
741:
740:
739:
736:
735:
733:
732:
729:
721:
720:
719:
716:
715:
712:
706:
705:
703:
702:
694:
692:
684:
683:
677:
671:
670:
667:
658:
652:
647:
641:
640:
636:
635:
625:
617:
616:
614:
613:
600:
598:
585:
584:
582:
581:
565:
563:
557:
556:
554:
553:
545:
543:
537:
536:
534:
533:
525:
523:
517:
516:
514:
513:
505:
503:
497:
496:
494:
493:
485:
483:
477:
476:
474:
473:
465:
463:
457:
456:
454:
453:
445:
443:
437:
436:
434:
433:
425:
423:
417:
416:
414:
413:
405:
403:
392:
391:
389:
388:
380:
378:
372:
371:
369:
368:
349:
341:
340:
339:
336:
335:
331:
330:
324:
318:
317:
314:
305:
304:
286:
280:
279:
276:
270:
269:
266:
260:
259:
252:
251:
249:
248:
245:
236:
224:
210:
208:
202:
201:
197:
196:
194:
193:
180:
178:
172:
171:
166:
164:administration
158:
157:
155:
154:
152:
142:
140:
132:
131:
129:
128:
110:
108:
102:
101:
94:
88:
87:
80:
70:
69:
66:
60:
59:
55:
54:
46:
45:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6199:
6188:
6185:
6183:
6180:
6178:
6175:
6173:
6170:
6168:
6167:Phenol ethers
6165:
6163:
6160:
6158:
6155:
6153:
6150:
6148:
6145:
6143:
6142:Dibenzofurans
6140:
6138:
6135:
6133:
6130:
6128:
6125:
6123:
6120:
6119:
6117:
6107:
6097:
6093:
6080:
6077:
6075:
6072:
6070:
6067:
6064:
6063:
6060:
6054:
6051:
6049:
6046:
6044:
6041:
6039:
6036:
6034:
6031:
6029:
6026:
6024:
6021:
6019:
6016:
6014:
6011:
6008:
6004:
6001:
5999:
5996:
5994:
5991:
5990:
5988:
5984:
5978:
5974:
5964:
5961:
5959:
5956:
5954:
5951:
5949:
5946:
5944:
5941:
5939:
5936:
5934:
5931:
5929:
5926:
5924:
5921:
5919:
5916:
5914:
5911:
5909:
5906:
5904:
5901:
5899:
5896:
5894:
5891:
5889:
5886:
5884:
5881:
5879:
5876:
5874:
5871:
5869:
5866:
5864:
5863:Phencyclidine
5861:
5859:
5856:
5854:
5851:
5849:
5846:
5844:
5841:
5839:
5836:
5834:
5833:Nitrous oxide
5831:
5829:
5826:
5824:
5821:
5819:
5816:
5814:
5811:
5809:
5806:
5804:
5801:
5799:
5796:
5794:
5791:
5789:
5786:
5784:
5781:
5779:
5776:
5774:
5773:Levomethadone
5771:
5769:
5766:
5764:
5761:
5759:
5756:
5754:
5751:
5749:
5746:
5744:
5741:
5739:
5736:
5734:
5731:
5729:
5726:
5724:
5721:
5719:
5718:Hexafluronium
5716:
5714:
5711:
5709:
5706:
5704:
5701:
5699:
5696:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5686:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5669:
5666:
5664:
5661:
5659:
5656:
5654:
5651:
5649:
5646:
5644:
5641:
5639:
5636:
5634:
5631:
5629:
5626:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5611:
5609:
5608:Decamethonium
5606:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5596:
5594:
5591:
5589:
5586:
5584:
5581:
5579:
5578:Cisatracurium
5576:
5574:
5571:
5569:
5566:
5564:
5561:
5559:
5556:
5554:
5551:
5548:
5544:
5540:
5539:Bungarotoxins
5537:
5535:
5532:
5529:
5525:
5524:pentobarbital
5521:
5518:
5516:
5513:
5511:
5508:
5506:
5503:
5501:
5498:
5496:
5493:
5491:
5488:
5486:
5483:
5480:
5476:
5472:
5468:
5467:α-Neurotoxins
5465:
5463:
5460:
5458:
5455:
5454:
5452:
5446:
5439:
5435:
5429:
5426:
5424:
5421:
5419:
5416:
5414:
5411:
5409:
5406:
5404:
5401:
5399:
5396:
5394:
5391:
5389:
5386:
5384:
5381:
5379:
5376:
5374:
5371:
5369:
5366:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5354:
5351:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5341:
5339:
5336:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5268:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5236:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5168:Decamethonium
5166:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5103:Acetylcholine
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5050:
5048:
5042:
5035:
5031:
5028:
5023:
5017:
5013:
5010:
5003:
4998:
4996:
4991:
4989:
4984:
4983:
4980:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4952:
4951:
4948:
4938:
4935:
4932:
4928:
4924:
4921:
4920:
4917:
4914:
4909:
4903:
4902:
4900:
4898:
4894:
4887:
4883:
4879:
4878:Bungarotoxins
4876:
4873:
4872:
4868:
4864:
4860:
4856:
4852:
4849:
4848:inactivators:
4844:
4838:
4837:
4833:
4829:
4825:
4821:
4818:
4817:inactivators:
4813:
4807:
4806:
4804:
4802:
4798:
4795:
4791:
4785:
4781:
4771:
4768:
4765:
4764:
4762:
4757:
4751:
4745:
4742:
4739:
4738:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4724:
4723:
4721:
4716:
4710:
4707:
4703:
4697:
4693:
4682:
4680:
4679:ZINC-12613047
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4634:
4633:
4631:
4626:
4620:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4590:
4587:
4586:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4522:Lactucopicrin
4520:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4442:
4441:
4438:
4435:
4432:
4431:
4426:
4423:
4420:
4416:
4412:
4408:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4354:Trichloronate
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4129:Monocrotophos
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4094:Methamidophos
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3969:Echothiophate
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3771:
3770:Irreversible:
3768:
3767:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3634:Quilostigmine
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3624:Physostigmine
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:; Stigmines:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3492:Chloropropham
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3430:
3429:
3427:
3422:
3416:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3349:
3348:
3346:
3341:
3335:
3332:
3328:
3322:
3318:
3314:
3311:
3307:
3304:
3303:Acetylcholine
3297:
3292:
3290:
3285:
3283:
3278:
3277:
3274:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3245:Experimental
3243:
3237:
3234:
3231:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3211:Ginkgo folium
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3193:
3191:
3187:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3160:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3138:
3133:
3129:
3125:
3118:
3113:
3111:
3106:
3104:
3099:
3098:
3095:
3084:
3080:
3076:
3072:
3068:
3064:
3056:
3053:
3048:
3044:
3040:
3036:
3033:(3): e13786.
3032:
3028:
3021:
3018:
3013:
3009:
3005:
3001:
2994:
2992:
2990:
2988:
2984:
2979:
2975:
2971:
2967:
2963:
2959:
2952:
2950:
2948:
2944:
2939:
2935:
2931:
2927:
2923:
2919:
2916:(7): 677–85.
2915:
2911:
2903:
2900:
2887:
2883:
2876:
2873:
2868:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2840:
2836:
2832:
2828:
2824:
2817:
2815:
2813:
2811:
2809:
2807:
2805:
2803:
2799:
2794:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2753:
2750:
2745:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2727:
2723:
2719:
2715:
2714:EXCLI Journal
2711:
2704:
2701:
2685:
2678:
2672:
2669:
2664:
2660:
2656:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2638:
2634:
2630:
2626:
2622:
2615:
2612:
2607:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2589:
2585:
2581:
2577:
2576:
2571:
2564:
2561:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2503:
2500:
2495:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2447:
2443:
2436:
2433:
2428:
2424:
2420:
2416:
2412:
2408:
2405:(5): 553–63.
2404:
2400:
2393:
2391:
2389:
2387:
2385:
2383:
2381:
2377:
2372:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2338:
2331:
2328:
2315:
2311:
2310:"Galantamine"
2305:
2303:
2301:
2297:
2284:
2280:
2274:
2271:
2258:
2254:
2248:
2245:
2240:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2197:
2194:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2153:
2151:
2147:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2107:
2105:
2103:
2101:
2099:
2097:
2095:
2093:
2089:
2084:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2043:
2040:
2024:
2017:
2011:
2008:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1986:"Galantamine"
1981:
1978:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1938:
1935:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1903:
1900:
1895:
1891:
1884:
1881:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1841:
1838:
1832:
1829:
1824:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1783:
1780:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1754:"Galantamine"
1748:
1746:
1744:
1742:
1740:
1738:
1736:
1734:
1732:
1730:
1726:
1721:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1680:
1678:
1674:
1661:
1657:
1656:"Galantamine"
1651:
1649:
1647:
1645:
1643:
1641:
1639:
1637:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1627:
1625:
1623:
1621:
1619:
1617:
1613:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1597:Theodorou M.
1593:
1590:
1574:
1570:
1563:
1557:
1554:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1527:
1524:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1493:
1490:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1463:
1460:
1453:
1451:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1429:
1427:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1380:
1378:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1341:has led to a
1340:
1335:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1304:
1296:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1268:
1260:
1258:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1232:
1226:
1222:
1219:
1218:demethylation
1215:
1211:
1206:
1204:
1200:
1192:
1190:
1188:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1175:
1167:
1165:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1146:
1142:
1139:
1138:acetylcholine
1135:
1132:
1128:
1123:
1121:
1114:
1103:
1099:
1092:
1085:
1074:
1063:
1052:
1048:
1045:potentiating
1044:
1039:
1037:
1033:
1025:
1023:
1021:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1007:
1003:
995:
993:
991:
987:
982:
980:
976:
971:
968:
964:
960:
955:
945:
943:
939:
935:
931:
927:
919:
917:
915:
911:
910:
904:
902:
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
881:breaking down
878:
874:
873:acetylcholine
870:
865:
863:
859:
855:
851:
846:
844:
840:
839:
834:
830:
829:
824:
820:
816:
815:
810:
809:
804:
800:
796:
795:
790:
787:
783:
780:is a type of
779:
769:
762:
753:
748:
744:
737:
728:
724:
717:
713:
711:
710:Melting point
707:
700:
696:
695:
693:
690:
685:
678:
676:
672:
648:
646:
642:
637:
633:
629:
626:
624:
622:ECHA InfoCard
618:
610:
606:
605:DTXSID2045606
602:
601:
599:
590:
586:
578:
577:RCSB PDB
572:
567:
566:
564:
562:
558:
551:
547:
546:
544:
542:
538:
531:
527:
526:
524:
522:
518:
511:
507:
506:
504:
502:
498:
491:
487:
486:
484:
482:
478:
471:
467:
466:
464:
462:
458:
451:
447:
446:
444:
442:
438:
431:
427:
426:
424:
422:
418:
411:
407:
406:
404:
397:
393:
386:
382:
381:
379:
377:
373:
365:
361:
357:
353:
348:
344:
337:
332:
328:
325:
323:
319:
315:
313:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
287:
285:
281:
277:
275:
271:
267:
265:
261:
257:
253:
246:
244: Rx-only
237:
235:
225:
222:
212:
211:
209:
207:
203:
198:
190:
185:
182:
181:
179:
177:
173:
170:
167:
165:
159:
153:
144:
143:
141:
139:
133:
126:
121:
112:
111:
109:
107:
103:
99:
95:
93:
89:
85:
81:
79:
75:
71:
67:
65:
61:
58:Clinical data
56:
52:
47:
43:
38:
30:
19:
6182:Benzazepanes
6132:Benzazepines
5948:Tubocurarine
5878:Promegestone
5873:Progesterone
5788:Mecamylamine
5598:Cyclopropane
5588:Coronaridine
5520:Barbiturates
5505:Anatruxonium
5475:α-cobratoxin
5318:Sazetidine A
5238:JNJ-39393406
5228:Ispronicline
5217:
4922:
4916:α-Latrotoxin
4904:
4874:
4839:
4808:
4766:
4740:
4725:
4669:Rivastigmine
4635:
4589:Reactivators
4562:Ungiminorine
4517:Kobophenol A
4482:Coronaridine
4472:Bulbocapnine
4467:Arisugacin A
4443:
4428:
4314:Tebupirimfos
4194:Phosphamidon
4099:Methidathion
4004:Fenitrothion
3829:Chlorpyrifos
3769:
3682:
3644:Terestigmine
3639:Rivastigmine
3601:Eptastigmine
3552:Phenmedipham
3522:Formparanate
3507:Ethiofencarb
3440:Carbamates:
3437:
3431:
3350:
3261:Verubecestat
3256:Lanabecestat
3175:Rivastigmine
3164:
3066:
3062:
3055:
3030:
3026:
3020:
3006:(3): 28–31.
3003:
2999:
2964:(5): 621–9.
2961:
2957:
2913:
2909:
2902:
2890:. Retrieved
2886:the original
2875:
2830:
2826:
2769:(4): FSO73.
2766:
2762:
2752:
2717:
2713:
2703:
2693:December 21,
2691:. Retrieved
2684:the original
2671:
2631:(3): 321–6.
2628:
2625:FEBS Letters
2624:
2614:
2579:
2573:
2563:
2551:. Retrieved
2516:
2512:
2502:
2449:
2445:
2435:
2402:
2398:
2344:
2340:
2330:
2318:. Retrieved
2287:. Retrieved
2273:
2261:. Retrieved
2247:
2210:
2206:
2196:
2163:
2159:
2116:
2112:
2056:
2052:
2042:
2032:December 17,
2030:. Retrieved
2010:
2000:November 17,
1998:. Retrieved
1989:
1980:
1947:
1943:
1937:
1912:
1908:
1902:
1893:
1889:
1883:
1871:. Retrieved
1867:the original
1854:
1850:
1840:
1831:
1796:
1792:
1782:
1770:. Retrieved
1693:
1689:
1664:. Retrieved
1607:the original
1602:
1592:
1582:December 19,
1580:. Retrieved
1568:
1556:
1544:. Retrieved
1535:
1526:
1514:. Retrieved
1492:
1482:February 24,
1480:. Retrieved
1471:
1462:
1448:lucid dreams
1440:dream recall
1433:
1397:
1384:
1351:nerve agents
1336:
1300:
1270:
1251:erythromycin
1236:
1207:
1196:
1185:
1182:
1171:
1151:
1124:
1040:
1029:
1026:Pharmacology
1017:
1014:
1008:, including
999:
996:Side effects
983:
972:
951:
925:
923:
920:Medical uses
907:
905:
866:
847:
836:
832:
826:
818:
812:
806:
798:
792:
777:
776:
765:
363:
359:
355:
351:
309:Elimination
206:Legal status
200:Legal status
106:License data
29:
6053:Pirisudanol
6018:Cyprodenate
5998:Adafenoxate
5913:Surugatoxin
5903:Sevoflurane
5858:Pentolinium
5838:Norketamine
5758:Laudanosine
5688:Erythravine
5678:Encenicline
5663:Dipyrandium
5633:Dextrorphan
5479:α-conotoxin
5438:Antagonists
5423:WAY-317,538
5418:Varenicline
5408:Tropisetron
5398:Tebanicline
5343:SSR-180,711
5308:Rivanicline
5298:Pozanicline
5293:PNU-282,987
5288:PNU-120,596
5283:PHA-709,829
5278:PHA-543,613
5218:Galantamine
5193:Epiboxidine
5188:Epibatidine
5108:Altinicline
4767:Inhibitors:
4744:Coluracetam
4726:Inhibitors:
4696:Transporter
4636:Inhibitors:
4608:Pralidoxime
4502:Cyclanoline
4452:α-Viniferin
4349:Trichlorfon
4114:Metrifonate
4029:Fosthiazate
4014:Fluorotabun
3889:Dicrotophos
3844:Crotylsarin
3688:Huperzine A
3683:Galantamine
3678:Edrophonium
3611:Neostigmine
3606:Ganstigmine
3572:Propamocarb
3517:Formetanate
3502:Ethienocarb
3482:Carbosulfan
3472:Carbetamide
3467:Carbendazim
3438:Reversible:
3351:Inhibitors:
3236:Nicergoline
3165:Galantamine
3143:medications
3134:and others)
2553:October 24,
2213:: 391–401.
1436:oneirogenic
1387:risperidone
1162:see complex
1127:competitive
954:cholinergic
801:(Caucasian
784:. It is an
778:Galantamine
682: g·mol
628:100.118.289
530:CHEBI:42944
334:Identifiers
92:MedlinePlus
64:Trade names
34:Galantamine
6162:Nootropics
6116:Categories
6013:Citicoline
5993:Acetyl-coA
5977:Precursors
5953:Vanoxerine
5943:Tropeinium
5928:Toxiferine
5893:Reboxetine
5883:Radafaxine
5828:Neramexane
5818:Mivacurium
5813:Metocurine
5778:Malouetine
5743:Isoflurane
5698:Fazadinium
5693:Esketamine
5673:Doxacurium
5658:Dioscorine
5618:Desflurane
5583:Coclaurine
5515:Atracurium
5500:Amantadine
5490:Alcuronium
5243:Levamisole
5233:Ivermectin
5178:Dianicline
5138:Butinoline
5123:Anatoxin-a
5012:modulators
4931:versutoxin
4927:robustoxin
4801:Inhibitors
4790:modulators
4741:Enhancers:
4702:modulators
4659:Ladostigil
4649:Conodurine
4644:Affinisine
4557:Ungeremine
4532:Phosacetim
4492:Corynoline
4487:Corydaline
4477:Conodurine
4462:Affinisine
4398:Demecarium
4396:; Others:
4309:Tabun (GA)
4299:Soman (GD)
4289:Sarin (GB)
4209:Profenofos
4069:Isoxathion
4054:Guanitoxin
4024:Formothion
3999:Fenamiphos
3929:Disulfoton
3924:Dioxathion
3914:Dimethoate
3884:Dichlorvos
3718:Ladostigil
3708:Ipidacrine
3653:Ambenonium
3648:Acotiamide
3646:; Others:
3619:Phenserine
3596:Distigmine
3587:Thiodicarb
3562:Pirimicarb
3527:Methiocarb
3512:Fenobucarb
3487:Chlorbufam
3477:Carbofuran
3452:Bendiocarb
3433:Inhibitors
3327:modulators
3313:modulators
3306:metabolism
3249:inhibitors
3230:+donepezil
3201:Bifemelane
3196:Aducanumab
3170:Ipidacrine
3159:+memantine
1516:August 16,
1454:References
1416:anesthesia
1394:Anesthesia
1243:paroxetine
1239:isoenzymes
1193:Metabolism
1131:reversible
1043:allosteric
963:allosteric
959:hydrolyzes
889:cognitions
879:known for
835:including
817:, such as
687:3D model (
675:Molar mass
561:PDB ligand
490:0D3Q044KCA
461:ChemSpider
421:IUPHAR/BPS
376:CAS Number
343:IUPAC name
291:partially
284:Metabolism
5853:Pentamine
5848:Pempidine
5798:Methadone
5793:Memantine
5713:Halothane
5703:Gallamine
5683:Enflurane
5638:Diadonium
5553:Bupropion
5338:SIB-1553A
5333:SIB-1508Y
5323:SB-206553
5148:Carbachol
5128:AR-R17779
5118:Anatabine
5113:Anabasine
5078:A-867,744
5073:A-582,941
5068:A-366,833
4913:agonists:
4897:Enhancers
4770:Vesamicol
4654:Cymserine
4603:Obidoxime
4598:Methoxime
4512:Harmaline
4507:Cymserine
4497:Crimidine
4444:Unsorted:
4339:Triazofos
4279:Ro 3-0433
4274:Ro 3-0422
4269:Ro 3-0419
4264:Ro 3-0417
4259:Ro 3-0412
4254:Ro 3-0411
4249:Ro 3-0397
4244:Ro 3-0352
4239:Ro 3-0351
4234:Ro 3-0347
4229:Ro 3-0346
4224:Ro 3-0340
4214:Prothoate
4184:Phosfolan
4179:Phosalone
4164:Parathion
4149:Omethoate
4119:Mevinphos
4084:Malathion
4074:Leptophos
3979:Endothion
3859:Demephion
3849:Cyanophos
3839:Coumaphos
3809:Cadusafos
3804:Bensulide
3799:BAY-29952
3763:Zanapezil
3723:Minaprine
3703:Huprine Y
3698:Huprine X
3693:Huprine W
3663:Donepezil
3592:Thiofanox
3567:Promecarb
3557:Pinmicarb
3537:Metolcarb
3497:Dimetilan
3457:Bufencarb
3447:Aminocarb
3399:CM-54,903
3310:transport
3226:Memantine
3216:Lecanemab
3206:Donanemab
3155:Donepezil
2938:206491732
2720:: 35–39.
2320:March 26,
2289:August 4,
2263:August 5,
1972:250305879
1772:March 26,
1666:March 26,
1546:August 5,
1472:Drugs.com
1430:Oneirogen
1343:US patent
1312:confusion
1214:oxidation
1053:(nAChRs)
1049:of human
967:nicotinic
965:sites of
930:indicated
893:reasoning
819:Narcissus
789:extracted
550:ChEMBL659
322:Excretion
311:half-life
303:substrate
162:Routes of
136:Pregnancy
84:Monograph
78:Drugs.com
6106:Medicine
6065:See also
6007:lecithin
5983:prodrugs
5933:Tramadol
5783:ME-18-MC
5748:Ketamine
5738:Ibogaine
5558:BW284C51
5313:RJR-2429
5303:Pyrantel
5263:Nicotine
5258:Morantel
5248:Lobeline
5213:EVP-6124
5208:EVP-4473
5163:Cytisine
5158:Cotinine
5063:A-84,543
5034:Agonists
4953:See also
4937:Crotoxin
4639:Affinine
4572:BW284C51
4527:Lycorine
4457:Affinine
4447:α-Pinene
4425:Onchidal
4344:Tribufos
4324:Terbufos
4294:Schradan
4159:Paraoxon
4079:Malaoxon
4009:Fenthion
3994:Ethoprop
3879:Diazinon
3874:Dialifor
3779:Acephate
3713:Itopride
3658:Caffeine
3582:Propoxur
3532:Methomyl
3462:Carbaryl
3442:Aldicarb
3128:dementia
3083:29960246
3047:36408823
2978:17069550
2930:24132248
2867:16914529
2793:28031923
2744:28337117
2655:10606746
2606:29669164
2547:Archived
2543:32205338
2494:11172080
2419:11950787
2371:16437532
2314:Archived
2283:Archived
2257:Archived
2239:24591834
2180:11965273
2141:36855768
2133:14674789
2083:24043661
2023:Archived
1994:Archived
1990:alzforum
1964:11129124
1929:15137996
1896:: 27–30.
1873:July 30,
1863:98892008
1823:33704781
1766:Archived
1762:34662060
1720:16437532
1660:Archived
1573:Archived
1540:Archived
1536:DailyMed
1510:Archived
1476:Archived
1424:diazepam
1420:ketamine
1412:diazepam
1408:ketamine
1404:diazepam
1400:ketamine
1375:atropine
1324:seizures
1292:Research
979:vomiting
926:Razadyne
897:thinking
862:dementia
823:daffodil
803:snowdrop
786:alkaloid
768:(verify)
441:DrugBank
385:357-70-0
221:Class C1
176:ATC code
169:By mouth
151: B1
138:category
125:Razadyne
120:DailyMed
18:Razadyne
6003:Choline
5563:BW-A444
5541:(e.g.,
5534:BNC-210
5522:(e.g.,
5485:ABT-126
5469:(e.g.,
5428:XY-4083
5393:TC-6683
5388:TC-5619
5383:TC-5214
5378:TC-2216
5373:TC-1827
5368:TC-1734
5363:TC-1698
5273:NS-1738
5267:tobacco
5153:Choline
5098:ABT-894
5093:ABT-560
5088:ABT-418
5083:ABT-202
4923:Others:
4875:Others:
4811:SNAP-25
4784:Release
4674:Tacrine
4582:3152 CT
4547:Taspine
4319:Temefos
4219:R-16661
4189:Phosmet
4174:Phorate
4124:Mipafox
4089:Mazidox
4019:Fonofos
3964:EA-4352
3959:EA-3148
3954:EA-2613
3949:EA-2192
3944:EA-2098
3939:EA-2054
3934:EA-2012
3909:Dimefox
3864:Demeton
3758:Tacrine
3753:TL-1238
3673:EA-4056
3668:EA-3990
3577:Propham
3542:Miotine
3180:Tacrine
3126:: Anti-
3012:3631427
2892:May 27,
2858:1550772
2835:Bibcode
2784:5137937
2735:5318685
2633:Bibcode
2597:6016680
2534:7090325
2476:3055005
2454:Bibcode
2427:6795456
2362:9006343
2230:3937252
2188:1172847
2074:3826344
1814:8407366
1711:9006343
1339:US Army
1320:tremors
1308:anxiety
1274:Janssen
833:Lycoris
680:287.359
645:Formula
450:DB00674
396:PubChem
316:7 hours
268:80–100%
192:)
186: (
184:N06DA04
122::
98:a699058
6092:Portal
5593:Curare
5510:AQW051
5457:18-MAC
5413:UB-165
5223:GTS-21
5053:5-HIAA
5021:nAChRs
4284:Ronnel
4199:Phoxim
3989:Ethion
3784:Armine
3748:TL-599
3743:T-1194
3738:T-1152
3733:T-1123
3547:Oxamyl
3321:Enzyme
3081:
3045:
3010:
2976:
2936:
2928:
2865:
2855:
2791:
2781:
2742:
2732:
2663:573270
2661:
2653:
2604:
2594:
2541:
2531:
2492:
2482:
2474:
2425:
2417:
2369:
2359:
2237:
2227:
2186:
2178:
2160:Lancet
2139:
2131:
2081:
2071:
1970:
1962:
1927:
1861:
1821:
1811:
1760:
1718:
1708:
1498:Anvisa
1381:Autism
1369:, and
1361:, and
1316:ataxia
1284:, and
1203:CYP3A4
1199:CYP2D6
1075:, and
1047:ligand
975:nausea
895:, and
871:named
858:memory
723:SMILES
541:ChEMBL
510:D04292
327:Kidney
297:CYP2D6
293:CYP450
234:℞-only
232:
219:
118:
5981:(and
5963:Xenon
5462:18-MC
5441:(and
5037:(and
4755:VAChT
4577:TMTFA
4139:Naled
4044:GT-45
4034:GD-42
3384:AF64A
2934:S2CID
2687:(PDF)
2680:(PDF)
2659:S2CID
2485:29386
2472:JSTOR
2423:S2CID
2184:S2CID
2137:S2CID
2026:(PDF)
2019:(PDF)
1968:S2CID
1944:Drugs
1576:(PDF)
1565:(PDF)
1444:dream
1367:tabun
1359:sarin
1355:soman
1282:Shire
1032:amine
1010:hives
743:InChI
689:JSmol
568:GNT (
521:ChEBI
289:Liver
5643:DHβE
5444:NAMs
5040:PAMs
4907:LPHN
4842:VAMP
4624:BChE
4134:MSPI
3420:AChE
3394:BETA
3389:B115
3339:ChAT
3308:and
3247:BACE
3132:N06D
3079:PMID
3043:PMID
3008:PMID
2974:PMID
2926:PMID
2894:2016
2863:PMID
2789:PMID
2740:PMID
2695:2009
2651:PMID
2602:PMID
2555:2020
2539:PMID
2490:PMID
2415:PMID
2367:PMID
2345:2016
2322:2024
2291:2024
2265:2024
2235:PMID
2176:PMID
2129:PMID
2079:PMID
2053:CMAJ
2034:2017
2002:2019
1960:PMID
1925:PMID
1875:2015
1859:OCLC
1819:PMID
1797:2021
1774:2024
1758:PMID
1716:PMID
1694:2016
1668:2024
1584:2020
1548:2024
1518:2023
1484:2020
1410:and
1402:and
1328:coma
1201:and
1158:1DX6
1129:and
1095:5-HT
1000:The
977:and
856:and
571:PDBe
501:KEGG
481:UNII
470:9272
430:6693
410:9651
258:data
74:AHFS
4714:CHT
3984:EPN
3071:doi
3035:doi
2966:doi
2918:doi
2853:PMC
2843:doi
2831:103
2779:PMC
2771:doi
2730:PMC
2722:doi
2641:doi
2629:463
2592:PMC
2584:doi
2580:175
2529:PMC
2521:doi
2480:PMC
2462:doi
2407:doi
2357:PMC
2349:doi
2225:PMC
2215:doi
2168:doi
2164:359
2121:doi
2069:PMC
2061:doi
2057:185
1952:doi
1917:doi
1855:273
1809:PMC
1801:doi
1706:PMC
1698:doi
1216:or
1115:or
825:),
805:),
594:EPA
400:CID
358:,8a
350:(4a
301:3A4
278:18%
189:WHO
6118::
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5526:,
5477:,
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4857:,
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4591::
4417:,
4413:,
4409:,
4394:VX
4389:VR
4384:VS
4379:VP
4374:VM
4369:VG
4364:VE
4049:GV
4039:GH
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