223:(both bullet and propellant in one easily interchangeable unit) made these designs viable. The earliest mention of recoil operation in the British patent literature is a patent by Joseph Whitworth filed in 1855 which proposed to use recoil to partially open the breech of a rifle, the breech then being manually pulled the rest of the way back by hand. Around this time, an American by the name of Regulus Pilon is sometimes stated to have patented in Britain a gun that used a limited form of recoil operation. He had three British patents related to firearms around the 1850s to the 1860s; however, all of them refer to a means of dampening recoil in firearms, which wasn't a new idea at the time, rather than true recoil operation. The next to mention recoil operation in the British patent literature is by Alexander Blakely in 1862, who clearly describes using the recoil of a fired cannon to open the breech. In 1864 after the
563:, developed by Carl Axel Theodor Sjögren in the early 1900s, a Swedish engineer who was awarded a number of patents for his inertia operated design between 1900 and 1908 and sold about 5,000 automatic shotguns using the system in 1908–1909. In a reversal of the other designs, some inertia systems use nearly the entire firearm as the recoiling component, with only the bolt remaining stationary during firing. Because of this, the inertia system is only applied to heavily recoiling firearms, particularly shotguns. A similar system using inertia operation was then developed by Paolo Benelli in the early 1980s and patented in 1986. With the exception of Sjögren's shotguns and rifles in the early 1900s, all inertia-operated firearms made until 2012 were either made by
227:, Denmark started a program intended to develop a gun that used the recoil of a fired shot to reload the firearm, though a working model wouldn't be produced until 1888. Later in the 1870s, a Swedish captain called D. H. Friberg patented a design which introduced both flapper-locking and the fully automatic recoil operated machine gun. Furthermore, in 1875 a means of cocking a rifle through recoil was patented through the patent agent Frank Wirth by a German called Otto Emmerich. Finally came Maxim's 1883 automatic recoil operated machine gun which introduced the modern age of automatic machine guns.
66:
245:
530:
588:
position in a rest or with the stock against the ground will not allow it to recoil sufficiently to operate the mechanism. Likewise, care must be exercised when modifying weapons of this type (e.g. addition of extended magazines or ammunition storage on the stock), as any sizable increase in weapon mass can reduce the work done from recoil below that required to cycle the action.
25:
344:
422:
128:
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automatic gun that dates from the same year, but its type and method of operation are unknown. Recoil-operation, if it was invented in 1663, would then lie dormant until the 19th century, when a number of inventors started to patent designs featuring recoil operation; this was due to the fact that the integrated disposable
364:
forward by its spring. The bolt is held in position until the barrel returns completely forward during which time the spent cartridge has been extracted and ejected, and a new shell has been positioned from the magazine. The bolt is released and forced closed by its recoil spring, chambering a fresh round.
801:"The History of the Royal Society of London for Improving of Natural Knowledge, from Its First Rise: In which the Most Considerable of Those Papers Communicated to the Society, which Have Hitherto Not Been Published, are Inserted in Their Proper Order, as a Supplement to the Philosophical Transactions"
679:
use recoil to cock the hammer and advance the cylinder. In these designs, the barrel and cylinder are affixed to an upper frame which recoils atop a sub-frame. As the upper receiver recoils, the cylinder is advanced and hammer cocked, functions that are usually done manually. Notable examples are the
599:
As the recoil spring returns to its uncompressed state, it pushes the bolt body backward with sufficient force to cycle the action. The bolt body unlocks and retracts the bolt head, extracts and ejects the cartridge, cocks the hammer, and compresses the return spring. Once the bolt reaches the end of
297:
holds another portion motionless relative to a mass such as the ground, a ship's gun mount, or a human holding the firearm. The moving and the motionless masses are coupled by a spring that absorbs the recoil energy as it is compressed by the movement and then expands providing energy for the rest of
582:
Before firing, the bolt body is separated from the locked bolt head by a stiff spring. As the shotgun recoils after firing, inertia of the bolt body is large enough for it to remain stationary while the recoiling gun and locked bolt head move rearward. This movement compresses the spring between the
363:
action. In 1885 a locked breech, long recoil action was patented by the
Britons Schlund and Arthur. In a long recoil action, the barrel and bolt remain locked together during recoil, compressing the recoil springs. Following this rearward movement, the bolt locks to the rear and the barrel is forced
218:
The earliest mention of recoil used to assist the loading of firearms is sometimes claimed to be in 1663 when an
Englishman called Palmer proposed to employ either it or gases tapped along a barrel to do so. However no one has been able to verify this claim in recent times, although there is another
449:
method of operation. Short recoil operation differs from long recoil operation in that the barrel and bolt recoil together only a short distance before they unlock and separate. The barrel stops quickly, and the bolt continues rearward, compressing the recoil spring and performing the automated
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to be used, from standard to magnum loads, as long as they provide the minimum recoil level to compress the spring. Note that the shotgun must be free to recoil for this to work—the compressibility of the shooter's body is sufficient to allow this movement, but firing the shotgun from a secure
583:
bolt head and bolt body, storing the energy required to cycle the action. Since the spring can only be compressed a certain amount, this limits the amount of force the spring can absorb, and provides an inherent level of self-regulation to the action, allowing a wide range of
425:
The barrel from a Para
Ordnance P12.45, an M1911-derived design which uses short recoil operation. Under recoil, the barrel moves back in the frame, rotating the link (shown in the unlocked position), which causes the rear of the barrel to tip down and disengage from the
648:, use a mechanism at the muzzle to extract some energy from the escaping powder gases to push the barrel backwards, in addition to the recoil energy. This boost provides higher rates of fire and/or more reliable operation. This type of mechanism is also found in some
336:
310:
design with factory springs is optimized for a 230-grain (15 g) bullet at factory velocity. Changes in caliber or drastic changes in bullet weight and/or velocity require modifications to spring weight or slide mass to compensate. Similarly the use of
592:
305:
must generate sufficient recoil to provide that momentum. Therefore, recoil-operated firearms work best with a cartridge that yields a momentum approximately equal to that for which the mechanism was optimized. For example, the
453:
The method of locking and unlocking the barrel differentiates the wide array of short recoil designs. Most common are the John
Browning tilting barrel designs based on either the swinging link and locking lugs as used in the
292:
is a moving part of the action in recoil-operated firearms. In non-recoil-operated firearms, it is generally the entire firearm that recoils. However, in recoil-operated firearms, only a portion of the firearm recoils while
612:
Upon firing, the firearm recoils backwards into the shooter's body. The inertial mass remains stationary, compressing a spring. The bolt remains locked to the barrel, which in turn is rigidly attached to the
660:, where it is used to compensate for the extra mass the suppressor adds to the recoiling parts both by providing a boost and decoupling some of the suppressor's mass from the firearm's recoiling parts.
895:
Patents for inventions. Abridgments of specifications relating to fire-arms, ammunition, &c. Division I. Fire-arms and similar weapons ... Printed by order of the
Commissioners of patents
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2924:
509:
heavy machine gun which has been in service with the
Russian military and Middle Eastern armed forces since 1949. Melvin Johnson also used the short recoil principle in his
367:
The long recoil system was invented in the late 19th century and dominated the automatic shotgun market for more than half that century before it was supplanted by new
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379:, which shares both the original Browning action design, and the "humpbacked" appearance of the original Auto-5. Other weapons based on the Browning system were the
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to normalize the recoil force of a blank round (with no projectile) with the greater force of a live round, in order to allow the mechanism to cycle properly.
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800:
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extraction and feeding process. During the last portion of its forward travel, the bolt locks into the barrel and pushes the barrel back into battery.
816:"Abridgments of the Specifications Relating to Fire-arms and Other Weapons, Ammunition, and Accoutrements: A.D. 1588-1858]-Pt. II. A.D. 1858-1866"
149:
136:
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Upon firing, bolt and barrel recoil backwards a short distance while locked together. Near the end of the barrel travel, the bolt and barrel unlock.
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firearms lack the use of a bolt but instead a moving barrel that gets dragged forward by the bullet until it leaves the barrel to cycle its action.
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681:
505:. It used a toggle bolt similar to the one Borchardt later adapted to pistols. Vladimirov also used the short recoil principle in the Soviet
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38:
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An alternative design concept for recoil-operated firearms is the inertia operated system, the first practical use of it being the
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The barrel stops, but the unlocked bolt continues to move to the rear, ejecting the empty shell and compressing the recoil spring.
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While the short recoil design is most common in pistols, the very first short-recoil–operated firearm was also the first
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its travel, the return spring provides the force to chamber the next round from the magazine, and lock the bolt closed.
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3457:
3416:
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3167:
1981:
1835:
1827:
1590:
829:
758:
Hatcher's
Notebook, A Standard Reference Book for, Shooters, Gunsmiths, Ballistics, Historians, Hunter and Collectors
386:(1906), the Remington Model 11 & "The Sportsman" model (a model 11 with only a two-shell magazine) shotguns, the
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74:
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1134:
141:
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2919:
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510:
91:
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2579:
2542:
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273:
815:
1062:, Engineering Design Handbook: Guns Series, United States Army Materiel Command, AMCP 706-260, archived from
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firearms uses an operation that delays the bolt opening until the gas pressure is at a safe level to extract.
571:
introduced the inertia-operated A5 (trademarked as
Kinematic Drive) as successor to the long-recoil operated
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Bolt is held to rear, while barrel unlocks and returns to battery under spring force. Fired round is ejected.
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also cause all or a portion of the firearm to move in the opposite direction. The result is required by the
575:. Both the Benelli and Browning systems are based on a rotating locking bolt, similar to that used in many
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firearms use the expanding gas impinging on the cartridge itself to push the bolt of the firearm rearward.
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The compressed spring forces the inertial mass rearwards until it transfers its momentum to the bolt.
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The bolt unlocks and moves to the rear, ejecting the fired round and compressing the return spring.
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Recoil of firing forces bolt and barrel fully to the rear, compressing the return springs for both.
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Bolt returns under spring force, loads new round. Barrel locks in place as it returns to battery.
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The shooter recovers from the shot, moving the firearm forward into position for the next shot.
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Since there is a minimum momentum required to operate a recoil-operated firearm's action, the
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firearms tap off a small amount of the expanding gas to power the moving parts of the action.
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The bolt returns to battery under spring force, loading a new round and locking into place.
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572:
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1092:, Animations and explanations of (short) recoil operation principle at howstuffworks.com
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2013:
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437:, being found in nearly all weapons chambered for high-pressure pistol cartridges of
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356:
191:
335:
327:
Recoil-operated designs are broadly categorized by how the parts move under recoil.
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rifle, other rifles using short recoil are LWRCI SMG 45and LoneStar Future
Weapons
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479:
387:
547:
The bolt returns forward under spring force, loading a new round into the barrel.
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or used a design licensed from
Benelli, such as the Franchi Affinity. Then the
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962:"This Rifle Fires Plastic Ammo; The US Army Almost Adopted it. - YouTube"
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676:
609:
Ready to fire position. Bolt is locked to barrel, both are fully forward.
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Ready to fire position. Bolt is locked to barrel, both are fully forward.
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403:
Ready to fire position. Bolt is locked to barrel, both are fully forward.
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designs. While Browning halted production of the Auto-5 design in 1999,
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846:[Last shot from the Danish machine gun Madsen]. Archived from
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such that the ejecta momentum and recoiling momentum are equal. These
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2876:
2791:
2589:
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1255:
1186:
898:. Published and sold at the Commissioners of patents sale department.
533:
Block diagram of short recoil operation cycle. See diagram key above.
199:
1807:
1802:
1787:
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1438:
830:"English Patents of Inventions, Specifications: 1862, 3354 - 3419"
641:
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463:
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307:
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will typically cause the mechanism not to work correctly, unless
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Muzzle boosters are also used on some recoil-operated firearms'
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284:
Ejecta mass × ejecta velocity = recoiling mass × recoil velocity
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2633:
1824:
1203:
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595:
Block diagram of inertia operation cycle, see diagram key above
550:
Bolt locks into barrel, and forces barrel to return to battery.
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1752:
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1166:
121:
59:
18:
865:
The complete illustrated encyclopedia of the world's firearms
466:. Other designs are the locking block design found in the
339:
Key for recoil operation diagrams. Gun fires to the right.
814:
Patent Office, Great Britain; Woodcroft, Bennet (1859).
640:
Some short-recoil–operated firearms, such as the German
264:
of a firearm (the projectile(s), propellant gas, wad,
993:[Sjögren's semi-automatic - an odd classic].
375:
still makes a long-recoil–operated shotgun line, the
441:
and larger, while low-pressure pistol cartridges of
3430:
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3332:
3260:
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3121:
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2470:
2400:
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2175:
1834:
1732:
1680:
1623:
1581:
1437:
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237:
912:A History of Firearms: From Earliest Times to 1914
862:
3422:Small Arms & Light Weapons (SALW)
1029:Forgottenweapons.com. Retrieved 31 August 2016.
844:"Sidste skud fra det danske maskingevær Madsen"
430:The short recoil action dominates the world of
652:used on short recoil firearms, under the name
458:pistol or the linkless cam design used in the
249:ANIMATION Browning AUTO 5 "cycle of one shoot"
1111:
347:Block diagram of long recoil operation cycle.
198:. Recoil operated firearms use the energy of
8:
351:Long recoil operation is found primarily in
190:is an operating mechanism used to implement
53:Learn how and when to remove these messages
3377:
3097:
2817:
2652:
2630:
2406:
2280:
1840:
1821:
1634:
1448:
1200:
1147:
1118:
1104:
1096:
1056:Army Materiel Command (February 5, 1970),
210:using the pressure of the propellant gas.
989:Sjögrens halvautomat - en udda klassiker"
782:"HyperWar: The Machine Gun (Vol. /Part )"
175:Learn how and when to remove this message
110:Learn how and when to remove this message
152:of all important aspects of the article.
73:This article includes a list of general
748:
482:and others. An unusual variant is the
234:
148:Please consider expanding the lead to
756:Hatcher, Julian S. (1 January 1948).
7:
478:, or a rotating barrel used in the
202:to cycle the action, as opposed to
79:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
34:This article has multiple issues.
909:Carman, W. Y. (5 October 2015).
390:line of pistols (1907), and the
243:
126:
64:
23:
696:Other autoloading systems are:
319:is fitted to boost the recoil.
260:The same forces that cause the
140:may be too short to adequately
42:or discuss these issues on the
1084:How Does it Work: Short Recoil
445:and smaller generally use the
150:provide an accessible overview
1:
3287:Firearms by country
3202:Civilian Marksmanship Program
1078:How Does it Work: Long Recoil
355:, particularly ones based on
3458:Federal Assault Weapons Ban
3356:Campaign Against Arms Trade
3515:
3412:High-capacity magazine ban
2538:Mean time between failures
633:
3380:
3141:Household ownership rates
3096:
2820:
2655:
2629:
2409:
2283:
1843:
1820:
1637:
1451:
1212:
1199:
1150:
1146:
692:Other autoloading systems
604:Cycle diagram explanation
525:Cycle diagram explanation
511:M1941 Johnson machine gun
398:Cycle diagram explanation
268:, etc.) to move down the
242:
869:. A & W Publishers.
665:blank-firing attachments
490:and its descendant, the
394:automatic rifle (1915).
274:conservation of momentum
3442:by U.S. state
2852:Overpressure ammunition
2787:Improved Military Rifle
2493:Circular error probable
1412:Personal defence weapon
94:more precise citations.
3136:Civilian gun ownership
2665:Firing (Shooting)
799:Birch, Thomas (1756).
596:
534:
435:semi-automatic pistols
427:
348:
340:
16:Type of firearm action
2610:Handgun effectiveness
2543:Minute of Angle (MOA)
2419:Ballistic coefficient
1395:Semi-automatic pistol
1040:U.S. patent 4,604,942
861:Hogg, Ian V. (1978).
594:
569:Browning Arms Company
532:
424:
346:
338:
298:the operating cycle.
3497:Artillery components
3227:in the United States
2885:Armour piercing
2446:Rangefinding/keeping
2358:Push/Controlled feed
2150:Synchronization gear
1885:Blank-firing adapter
1736: or famous
384:semi-automatic rifle
225:Second Schleswig War
3319:Privately made
3282:Firearm brands
3168:State firearms
3148:Exhibition shooting
3131:Celebratory gunfire
2990:Plastic tipped
2920:High explosive
2441:Physics of firearms
968:. 2024-07-18. 05:02
671:Automatic revolvers
280:are calculated by:
3487:1663 introductions
3417:Right to bear arms
3363:Featureless rifles
3309:Improvised firearm
3270:3D printed firearm
3158:United States
3053:Fully powered
2960:Total metal jacket
2600:Stock measurements
1323:Underwater firearm
1219: versus
788:on March 26, 2023.
597:
535:
428:
349:
341:
208:blowback operation
3474:
3473:
3470:
3469:
3466:
3465:
3431:United States Gun
3092:
3091:
3088:
3087:
2975:Hollow point
2900:Full metal jacket
2807:
2806:
2765:Tubes and Primers
2625:
2624:
2575:Power factor
2513:Gun harmonisation
2466:
2465:
2396:
2395:
2270:
2269:
2252:Night vision
1816:
1815:
1728:
1727:
1642:Automatic shotgun
1619:
1618:
1206:Types of firearms
1195:
1194:
1086:Forgotten Weapons
1080:Forgotten Weapons
1059:Automatic Weapons
1001:on March 19, 2016
474:, rollers in the
439:9×19mm Parabellum
381:Remington Model 8
258:
257:
185:
184:
177:
167:
166:
120:
119:
112:
57:
3504:
3378:
3324:Small arms trade
3262:Firearm industry
3113:, and
3098:
2970:Hollow base
2818:
2797:Smokeless powder
2653:
2631:
2580:Precision-guided
2407:
2281:
2088:Rail system
1962:Flash suppressor
1841:
1822:
1768:Winchester rifle
1758:Antique firearms
1688:20-gauge shotgun
1635:
1449:
1201:
1148:
1120:
1113:
1106:
1097:
1090:Recoil operation
1067:
1066:on April 8, 2013
1043:
1042:
1036:
1030:
1020:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1006:
997:. Archived from
983:
977:
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850:on May 23, 2023.
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789:
784:. Archived from
778:
772:
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753:
701:Delayed blowback
313:blank ammunition
247:
246:
235:
188:Recoil operation
180:
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90:this article by
81:inline citations
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3492:Firearm actions
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3476:
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3426:
3395:Concealed carry
3390:Assault weapons
3385:Air travel
3367:
3344: and
3328:
3256:
3216:
3208:
3197:Shooting sports
3187:Pistol duelling
3117:
3084:
3048:Rifle cartridge
3014:
2955:Supercavitating
2950:Soft point
2871:
2803:
2777:Ball propellant
2723:
2642:
2621:
2617:Twist rate
2508:Gun chronograph
2498:Effective range
2462:
2392:
2363:Recoil-operated
2266:
2171:
1830:
1812:
1798:Colt Peacemaker
1724:
1698:Dragon's breath
1693:Breaching round
1676:
1657:Double-barreled
1615:
1591:General purpose
1577:
1433:
1327:
1268:Multiple-barrel
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995:Jakt och Jägare
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966:web.archive.org
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941:web.archive.org
937:"SMG 45 Pistol"
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561:Sjögren shotgun
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419:
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238:External videos
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135:This article's
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3232:Assassinations
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2755:Percussion cap
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2605:Stopping power
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2523:Length of pull
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1972:Forward assist
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1942:Cocking handle
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1826:Mechanics and
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1652:Combat shotgun
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1417:Submachine gun
1414:
1407:Pistol caliber
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1072:External links
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682:Webley–Fosbery
672:
669:
658:Nielsen device
636:Muzzle booster
634:Main article:
631:
630:Muzzle booster
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488:Borchardt C-93
486:design of the
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144:the key points
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3314:Most-produced
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2343:Muzzleloading
2341:
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2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
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2321:
2319:
2316:
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2311:
2309:
2308:Breechloading
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2073:Muzzle shroud
2071:
2069:
2066:
2062:
2061:Stripper clip
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2051:High-capacity
2049:
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2037:
2034:
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1779:
1778:Mauser rifles
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1703:Shotgun shell
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3334:Arms control
3214:Gun violence
3181:Jungle style
3180:
3153:Gun cultures
3058:Intermediate
2735:Fire forming
2585:Rate of fire
2456:Stadiametric
2434:Transitional
2378:Self-loading
2362:
2333:Gas-operated
2293:Blow-forward
2225:Red dot
2135:Squeeze bore
2083:Pistol slide
2068:Muzzle brake
2036:Bottom metal
1583:Machine guns
1241:Line thrower
1221:muzzleloader
1217:Breechloader
1064:the original
1058:
1050:Bibliography
1034:
1024:
1023:Articles in
1018:
1012:
1003:. Retrieved
999:the original
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943:. 2024-08-11
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707:Blow forward
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577:gas-operated
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492:Luger pistol
480:Beretta 8000
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417:Short recoil
388:Frommer Stop
369:gas-operated
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194:autoloading
187:
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158:January 2017
155:
139:
137:lead section
106:
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37:
36:Please help
33:
3448:Legislation
3400:in the U.S.
3351:Disarmament
3346:Gun control
3043:Handloading
2830:Dummy round
2702:Cooking off
2697:Malfunction
2685:Field strip
2680:Maintenance
2570:Penetration
2533:Match grade
2451:Mathematics
2383:Single-shot
2323:Closed bolt
2237:Scope mount
2200:Holographic
2190:Finderscope
2078:Pistol grip
2056:Speedloader
1910:Telescoping
1890:Breechblock
1763:Gatling gun
1662:Pump action
1303:Single-shot
1226:Combination
1027:, June 1908
1025:Engineering
650:suppressors
499:machine gun
484:toggle bolt
468:Walther P38
331:Long recoil
92:introducing
3481:Categories
3252:Gun safety
3247:Gunfighter
3038:Centrefire
3020:Cartridges
3000:Snake shot
2940:Round shot
2930:Projectile
2915:Incendiary
2813:Ammunition
2772:Propellant
2740:Obturation
2712:Squib load
2640:ammunition
2478:Accurizing
2414:Ballistics
2328:Electronic
2247:Telescopic
2098:Recoil pad
1957:Firing pin
1932:Bump stock
1895:Breechface
1836:Components
1828:components
1681:Ammunition
1429:Wallet gun
1373:Pepper-box
1318:Spring-gun
1313:Smoothbore
1308:Sleeve gun
972:2024-08-11
947:2024-08-11
743:References
732:Bump stock
654:gas assist
585:shotshells
579:firearms.
472:Beretta 92
432:centerfire
323:Categories
75:references
39:improve it
3292:Gun shops
3242:Forensics
3217:and
3163:Gun shows
2905:Frangible
2895:Expanding
2847:Gas check
2842:Flechette
2825:Cannelure
2750:Gunpowder
2707:Hang fire
2675:Firefight
2528:Lock time
2518:Headspace
2483:Bore axis
2368:Repeating
2318:Open bolt
2232:Magnifier
2118:Auto sear
2024:Wheellock
2019:Flintlock
1997:Half-cock
1952:Extractor
1853:Feed ramp
1783:Tommy Gun
1773:M1 Garand
1708:.410 bore
1672:Sawed-off
1647:Coach gun
1561:Repeating
1554:Polygonal
1478:Automatic
1461:Anti-tank
1346:Derringer
1236:Flare gun
1005:31 August
677:revolvers
503:Maxim gun
303:cartridge
221:cartridge
142:summarize
45:talk page
3453:Politics
3373:Gun laws
3304:Gunsmith
3192:Politics
3111:industry
3033:Caseless
2835:Snap cap
2728:Ignition
2719:Ricochet
2660:Dry fire
2636:Shooting
2563:Velocity
2429:Terminal
2424:External
2388:Slamfire
2373:Revolver
2288:Blowback
2155:Tapering
2130:Silencer
2093:Receiver
2031:Magazine
1987:Foregrip
1977:Freebore
1947:Cylinder
1905:Rotating
1868:Trunnion
1734:Historic
1625:Shotguns
1544:Marksman
1522:Elephant
1424:Starting
1383:Revolver
1351:Duelling
1341:Cane gun
1333:Handguns
1293:Riot gun
1261:Takedown
1246:Long gun
1231:Elephant
1135:glossary
1127:Firearms
881:Friberg.
737:Slamfire
726:See also
713:Blowback
675:Several
507:KPV-14.5
460:Hi Power
447:blowback
443:.380 ACP
392:Chauchat
353:shotguns
317:a device
196:firearms
100:May 2008
3440: (
3407:License
3175:Hunting
3123:Society
3103:Society
3080:Wildcat
3075:Pinfire
3005:Spitzer
2935:Raufoss
2877:Bullets
2867:Wadding
2782:Cordite
2760:Rimfire
2690:Fouling
2670:Gunshot
2648:Gunshot
2488:Caliber
2471:Metrics
2402:Physics
2303:Boxlock
2276:Actions
2262:Zeroing
2257:Thermal
2215:Reticle
2185:Diopter
2160:Trigger
2007:Striker
1982:Forearm
1967:Fluting
1937:Chamber
1925:Tilting
1915:Flapper
1875:Bayonet
1863:Threads
1627: (
1549:Rifling
1537:Varmint
1527:Express
1517:Buffalo
1512:Hunting
1495:Carbine
1466:Assault
1441: (
1368:Machine
1288:Pen gun
1283:Net gun
1278:Needler
1270: (
1251:Carbine
1172:History
1155:Firearm
1129: (
832:. 1863.
565:Benelli
555:Inertia
519:RM-277R
373:Franchi
295:inertia
278:momenta
253:YouTube
214:History
88:improve
3237:Deaths
3219:safety
3107:safety
2985:Meplat
2965:Tracer
2792:Ramrod
2745:Primer
2590:Recoil
2553:Energy
2548:Muzzle
2220:Reflex
2177:Sights
2125:Shroud
2108:Safety
2002:Linear
1992:Hammer
1920:Roller
1848:Barrel
1601:Medium
1566:Sniper
1507:Double
1483:Battle
1439:Rifles
1378:Pocket
1356:Pistol
1298:Rotary
1256:Musket
1187:Weapon
1177:Safety
1139:topics
1137:, and
919:
873:
764:
686:Mateba
613:frame.
573:Auto-5
501:, the
426:slide.
361:Auto-5
290:barrel
270:barrel
262:ejecta
231:Design
200:recoil
77:, but
3070:Paper
3028:Blank
2995:ABCBC
2980:Minié
2925:HEIAP
2910:Green
2862:Sabot
2595:Group
2503:Gauge
2338:Lever
2313:Break
2210:Laser
2195:Globe
2165:guard
2145:Stock
2140:Choke
1808:Glock
1803:M1911
1788:MP 40
1748:AR-15
1743:AK-47
1606:Heavy
1596:Light
1160:lists
642:MG 42
515:M1941
513:and
464:CZ 75
456:M1911
377:AL-48
308:M1911
266:sabot
3438:Laws
3342:Arms
3297:list
3275:list
3115:laws
3063:list
2945:SLAP
2890:Cast
2638:and
2558:Rise
2353:Pump
2298:Bolt
2242:Tang
2205:Iron
2113:Sear
2046:Drum
2041:Clip
2014:Lock
1900:Bolt
1880:Belt
1858:Slug
1720:Slug
1715:Shot
1667:Riot
1629:list
1571:list
1532:Punt
1500:list
1488:list
1471:list
1443:list
1400:list
1388:list
1361:list
1272:list
1131:list
1007:2016
917:ISBN
871:ISBN
762:ISBN
684:and
646:MG 3
644:and
476:MG42
470:and
462:and
288:The
3010:VLD
2857:PCA
2103:Rim
1793:Uzi
1753:M16
1611:SAW
1182:War
1167:Gun
656:or
359:'s
206:or
3483::
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1133:,
964:.
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51:(
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