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condition. In most cases, receding of gums is a progressive condition that occurs gradually over the years. This is one reason that it is common over the age of 40. Because the changes in the condition of the gums from one day to another are minimal, patients get used to the gums' appearance and tend
125:
also causes gum recession. One systemic review of the literature concluded that "The data to support or refute the association between tooth brushing and gingival recession are inconclusive," although aggressive or forceful brushing was not specifically addressed. A subsequent study found horizontal
93:
being the one that is most widely followed. Many cases which are encountered in daily clinical practice cannot be classified according to the criteria of the present classification systems. Kumar & Masamatti's classification system gives a comprehensive depiction of recession defect that can be
333:
Healing from such procedures requires 2–4 weeks. After a few months the results can be evaluated and in some cases the new tissue needs to be reshaped in a very minor procedure to get an optimal result. In cases where recession is not accompanied by periodontal bone loss, complete or near
448:
Rajapakse, P. Sunethra; McCracken, Giles I.; Gwynnett, Erika; Steen, Nick D.; Guentsch, Arndt; Heasman, Peter A. (December 2007). "Does tooth brushing influence the development and progression of non-inflammatory gingival recession? A systematic review".
222:(over-sensitive teeth) - short, sharp pain is triggered by hot, cold, sweet, sour, or spicy food and drink. If the cementum covering the root is not protected anymore by the gums, it is easily abraded exposing the dentin tubules to external stimuli.
185:. For example, the adult tooth may not grow out of the gum, and to remedy this, a procedure called an exposure is done. It involves the gum tissue being cut open to allow the adult tooth to grow out. This is a less common cause of gum recession.
300:, as the patient prefers. This may involve repositioning of adjacent gum tissue to cover the recession (called a pedicle graft) or use of a free graft of gingival or connective tissue from the roof of the mouth (called a
72:
from the crown of the teeth. Gum recession is a common problem in adults over the age of 40, but it may also occur starting in adolescence, or around the age of 10. It may exist with or without concomitant decrease in
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Self-inflicted trauma, such as habits like digging a fingernail or pencil into the gum. This type of recession more commonly associated with children and persons with psychiatric disorders.
330:. The development of this type of bone and tissue cellular matrix (also known as ortho filler) results in greater osseointegration with the patient's healthy bone and soft tissue.
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Depending on the shape of the gum recession and the levels of bone around the teeth, areas of gum recession can be regenerated with new gum tissue using a variety of gum grafting "
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and buccal/lingual/palatal recessions. Kumar & Masamatti's classification system tries to overcome the limitations of Miller's classification.
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130:(versus Bass technique or circular methods), medium-hardness toothbrush use and brushing only once daily were associated with gingival recession.
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infused bone graft material. This material is usually combined with the cellular matrix to form a soft bone paste that is then covered by the
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In some cases, it is the treatment of gingivitis that reveals a gum recession problem, that was previously masked by the gums swelling.
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Yadav, Vikender Singh; Gumber, Bhumika; Makker, Kanika; Gupta, Vandana; Tewari, Nitesh; Khanduja, Puneet; Yadav, Renu (2023-11-01).
847:
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Kumar A, Masamatti SS. A new classification system for gingival and palatal recession. J Indian Soc
Periodontol 2013;17:175-81.
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recessions (PR) has been given. A new comprehensive classification system classifies recession on the basis of the position of
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323:
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used to include cases that cannot be classified according to present classifications. A separate classification system for
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Spaces between teeth seem to grow (the space is the same, but it seems larger because the gums do not fill it any more)
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not to notice the recession visually. Receding gums may remain unnoticed until the condition starts to cause symptoms.
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81:). 85% of the world population has gingival recession on at least one tooth with denuded root surface ≥1.0 mm.
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Miller PD Jr. A classification of marginal tissue recession. Int J Periodontics
Restorative Dent 1985;5:8-13.
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314:(processed donated human skin allograft) may be used instead of tissue from the patient's own palate.
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Teeth may also appear longer than normal (a larger part of the crown is visible if gums are receding)
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633:"The incidence of complications associated with lip and/or tongue piercings: a systematic review"
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Hereditary thin, fragile or insufficient gingival tissue predisposes to gingival recession.
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Improper flossing (i.e., flossing too roughly or aggressively) which may cut into the gums.
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Pradeep, Koppolu; Rajababu, Palaparthy; Satyanarayana, Durvasula; Sagar, Vidya (2012).
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486:"Aetiology and Severity of Gingival Recession in an Adult Population Sample in Greece"
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594:"Prevalence and risk of traumatic gingival recession following elective lip piercing"
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Change in the tooth’s color (due to the color difference between enamel and cementum)
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Advanced gingival recession. Note particularly severe recession on leftmost incisor.
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385:"Global prevalence of gingival recession: A systematic review and meta-analysis"
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Piercings in the lip or tongue that wear away the gum by rubbing against it.
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Various classifications have been proposed to classify gingival recession,
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Hennequin‐Hoenderdos, Nl; Slot, De; Van der
Weijden, Ga (February 2016).
37:: Total loss of attachment (clinical attachment loss, CAL) is the sum of
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535:"Gingival Recession: Review and Strategies in Treatment of Recession"
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The following signs and symptoms may indicate gum recession:
592:
Leichter, Jonathan W.; Monteith, Brian D. (February 2006).
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lining in the mouth and will cause receding gums over time
334:
complete coverage of the recession area is achievable.
110:
There are many possible causes for gingival recession:
370:
171:, giving inadequate cover of one or more teeth by the
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Highly informative overview article from the NYTimes.
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Periodontitis as a manifestation of systemic disease
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Dentistry involving supporting structures of teeth (
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292:). These procedures are typically completed under
674:An academic presentation on gingival recession
322:Recent advances have seen the introduction of
248:, the following symptoms may also be present:
228:The roots of the tooth are exposed and visible
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484:Chrysanthakopoulos, Nikolaos Andreas (2011).
114:By far the most common cause is gum disease (
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284:" procedures performed by a specialist in
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360:Gingival Recession - Causes and treatment
858:Combined periodontic-endodontic lesions
637:International Journal of Dental Hygiene
373:. Oct 2007. American Dental Association
343:
255:Gum bleeding while brushing or flossing
231:The tooth feels notched at the gum line
163:Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis
252:Puffy, red, or swollen (inflamed) gums
60:, is the exposure in the roots of the
1247:Subepithelial connective tissue graft
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324:platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)
308:subepithelial connective tissue graft
7:
833:Generalized aggressive periodontitis
310:). Alternatively, a material called
828:Localized aggressive periodontitis
451:Journal of Clinical Periodontology
244:If the gum recession is caused by
194:Gum recession is generally not an
27:Exposure in the roots of the teeth
25:
1151:Full mouth ultrasonic debridement
167:Abnormal tooth position, such as
848:Necrotizing periodontal diseases
610:10.1111/j.1600-9657.2006.00332.x
463:10.1111/j.1600-051X.2007.01149.x
91:Miller’s classification system
1:
853:Abscesses of the periodontium
282:periodontal plastic surgery
240:Cavities below the gum line
1445:
1207:Guided tissue regeneration
273:
41:: Gingival recession, and
1177:Coronally positioned flap
539:Case Reports in Dentistry
68:and/or retraction of the
1232:Pocket reduction surgery
1212:Enamel matrix derivative
1202:Guided bone regeneration
1167:Apically positioned flap
1141:Scaling and root planing
1047:Treatment and prevention
1008:Linear gingival erythema
963:Clinical attachment loss
877:A. actinomycetemcomitans
318:Growth-factor techniques
128:tooth brushing technique
1285:Important personalities
1146:Full mouth disinfection
1109:Host modulatory therapy
1074:Chlorhexidine gluconate
1054:Periodontal examination
490:Dental Research Journal
312:acellular dermal matrix
220:Dentin hypersensitivity
1003:Horizontal bony defect
207:
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1424:Periodontal disorders
1227:Open flap debridement
1222:Lateral pedicle graft
823:Chronic periodontitis
783:Mucogingival junction
778:Junctional epithelium
205:
33:
1357:Paul Roscoe Stillman
1332:Willoughby D. Miller
1302:Per-Ingvar Brånemark
1129:Conventional therapy
1038:Vertical bony defect
983:Gingival enlargement
933:Entamoeba gingivalis
788:Periodontal ligament
758:Free gingival margin
142:, which affects the
64:caused by a loss of
1372:James Leon Williams
1237:Socket preservation
1187:Free gingival graft
1069:Bleeding on probing
1023:Periodontal disease
793:Sulcular epithelium
598:Dental Traumatology
552:10.1155/2012/563421
371:http://jada.ada.org
303:free gingival graft
183:gingival retraction
116:periodontal disease
100:interdental papilla
75:crown-to-root ratio
1018:Periodontal pocket
993:Gingival recession
884:Capnocytophaga sp.
679:2015-11-23 at the
365:2010-09-17 at the
298:conscious sedation
208:
50:Gingival recession
47:
1411:
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1386:Other specialties
1342:John Mankey Riggs
1327:Preston D. Miller
1292:Tomas Albrektsson
1280:
1279:
1217:Implant placement
1192:Gingival grafting
1182:Crown lengthening
1117:
1116:
1084:Hydrogen peroxide
941:Trichomonas tenax
649:10.1111/idh.12118
457:(12): 1046–1061.
401:10.1111/odi.14289
270:Gingival grafting
155:(lack of dietary
16:(Redirected from
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1403:Prosthodontology
1362:Dennis P. Tarnow
1307:Robert Gottsegen
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978:Furcation defect
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395:(8): 2993–3002.
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296:with or without
294:local anesthesia
52:, also known as
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988:Gingival pocket
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773:Gingival sulcus
768:Gingival fibers
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367:Wayback Machine
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144:mucous membrane
140:Dipping tobacco
121:Overaggressive
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70:gingival margin
45:: Probing depth
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85:Classification
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18:Receding gums
1367:Hom-Lay Wang
1352:Jørgen Slots
1322:Brian Mealey
1197:Gingivectomy
1099:Tetracycline
1094:Oral hygiene
992:
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919:T. denticola
917:
912:T. forsythia
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891:F. nucleatum
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738:Periodontium
643:(1): 62–73.
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290:periodontist
286:periodontics
279:
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258:Bad breath (
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181:Intentional
109:
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1347:Jay Seibert
1297:Frank Beube
1136:Debridement
926:Red complex
604:(1): 7–13.
1418:Categories
1317:Jan Lindhe
1242:Sinus lift
1172:Bone graft
1059:Ante's law
998:Gingivitis
968:Edentulism
545:: 563421.
338:References
246:gingivitis
66:gum tissue
1122:Treatment
1104:Triclosan
1089:Mouthwash
936:(amoebic)
868:Infection
815:Diagnoses
798:Stippling
657:1601-5029
618:1600-4469
561:2090-6447
502:1735-3327
409:1601-0825
328:allograft
276:Gum graft
260:halitosis
157:vitamin C
1260:Membrane
1079:Flossing
1064:Brushing
973:Fremitus
958:Calculus
753:Cementum
677:Archived
579:23082256
520:22013465
471:17953693
417:35735236
363:Archived
190:Symptoms
173:jaw bone
123:brushing
1429:Gingiva
1255:Curette
1160:Surgery
807:Disease
763:Gingiva
731:Anatomy
570:3467775
511:3177396
96:palatal
1270:Scaler
1251:Tools
1033:Plaque
655:
616:
577:
567:
559:
518:
508:
500:
469:
415:
407:
153:Scurvy
106:Causes
1265:Probe
951:Other
306:or a
196:acute
62:teeth
653:ISSN
614:ISSN
575:PMID
557:ISSN
543:2012
516:PMID
498:ISSN
467:PMID
413:PMID
405:ISSN
56:and
645:doi
606:doi
565:PMC
547:doi
506:PMC
459:doi
397:doi
288:(a
118:).
1420::
651:.
641:14
639:.
635:.
612:.
602:22
600:.
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541:.
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514:.
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492:.
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465:.
455:34
453:.
411:.
403:.
393:29
391:.
387:.
346:^
725:)
714:e
707:t
700:v
659:.
647::
620:.
608::
581:.
549::
522:.
494:8
473:.
461::
419:.
399::
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175:.
159:)
43:3
39:2
35:1
20:)
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