311:
170:
2356:
150:
25:
234:
the physical sheet of paper, combining recto and verso sides of different leaves. The number of pages in a book using this binding technique must thus be a multiple of four, and the number of leaves must be a multiple of two, but unused pages are typically left unnumbered and uncounted. A sheet folded in this manner is known as a
506:—although usually in these cases there is no obvious primary side. Some works are planned to exploit being on two sides of the same piece of paper, but usually the works are not intended to be considered together. Paper was relatively expensive in the past; good drawing paper still is much more expensive than normal paper.
979:
233:
are stacked and folded in half, producing two leaves and four pages for each sheet. For example, the outer sheet in a 16-page book will have one leaf with pages 1 (recto) and 2 (verso), and another leaf with pages 15 (recto) and 16 (verso). Pages 1 and 16, for example, are printed on the same side of
431:, as a different grain ran across each side, and only one side was suitable to be written on, so that usually papyrus would carry writing only on the "correct", smooth side (and just in exceptional cases would there be writing on the reverse side of the leaf).
509:
By book publishing convention, the first page of a book, and sometimes of each section and chapter of a book, is a recto page, and hence all recto pages will have odd numbers and all verso pages will have even numbers.
450:. However, as these scripts are written in the other direction to the scripts witnessed in European codices, the recto page is to the left while the verso is to the right. The reading order of each
481:
method, which printed by rubbing from behind the page being printed, and so could only print on one side of a piece of paper. The distinction between recto and verso can be convenient in the
174:
1941:
244:
paper consists of unbound leaves. Sometimes single-sided or blank leaves are used for numbering or counting and abbreviated "l." instead of "p." for the number of pages.
2315:
1138:
177:, Arabic, or Hebrew). In this picture, the recto page shown is of the following leaf in a book and hence comes next to the verso of the previous leaf.
812:
165:
is the back page. In this picture, the recto page shown is of the following leaf in a book and hence comes next to the verso of the previous leaf.
695:
310:
1385:
778:Ásia de João de Barros: Dos feitos que os Portugueses fizeram no descobrimento e conquista dos mares e terras do Oriente. Tercera Década
926:
314:
757:
724:
653:
108:
42:
89:
46:
61:
2310:
894:
676:
the term recto verso is also used to indicate two-sided printing. Duplex printers are referred to as recto verso printers.
545:
carries a consecutive number on its recto side, while on the verso side there is no number. This was also very common in
2195:
2157:
805:
631:
Manuscrits français de la collection berlinoise disponibles à la
Bibliothèque Jagellonne de Cracovie (XVIe-XIXe siècles)
68:
2341:
1410:
869:
1921:
492:
The "recto" and "verso" terms can also be employed for the front and back of a one-sheet artwork, particularly in
35:
2390:
1567:
997:
369:
respectively. Editions of manuscripts will thus mark the position of text in the original manuscript in the form
75:
2325:
2142:
1813:
1750:
1455:
1378:
1337:
1113:
798:
57:
1770:
1493:
1143:
899:
549:
internal company reports in the 20th century, before double-sided printers became commonplace in offices.
266:(which translate as "on the right side of the leaf" and "on the back side of the leaf"). The two opposite
143:
2245:
1745:
1740:
1653:
1640:
1473:
1269:
1118:
222:
528:
486:
2385:
2037:
1678:
1532:
1189:
435:
412:. This terminology has been standard since the beginnings of modern codicology in the 17th century.
2400:
2359:
2320:
2233:
2127:
1982:
1960:
1950:
1818:
1425:
1415:
1371:
921:
909:
879:
563:
133:
2283:
2210:
2190:
2180:
2152:
2122:
2082:
1709:
1572:
1557:
1498:
1488:
1332:
1327:
1259:
852:
478:
749:
742:
596:"These poems finish the full back page (the front is blank) of the first leaf of the volume" ,
2380:
2228:
2147:
2102:
2032:
1503:
1217:
1181:
1153:
1123:
1083:
914:
847:
753:
720:
691:
649:
634:
626:
618:
601:
520:
455:
390:
82:
2395:
2114:
2067:
1906:
1853:
1714:
1524:
1037:
302:
already imply that the text on the page (and not the physical page itself) are referred to.
2250:
2137:
2132:
2052:
2020:
1911:
1648:
1176:
842:
669:
447:
443:
439:
2205:
434:
The terms "recto" and "verso" are also used in the codicology of manuscripts written in
2255:
2200:
2077:
1880:
1704:
1658:
1592:
1562:
1430:
1194:
1098:
1093:
1055:
936:
474:
428:
230:
2374:
2047:
2015:
2005:
1885:
1032:
126:
2305:
2185:
2072:
2057:
2027:
1987:
1970:
1724:
1694:
1668:
1577:
1420:
1402:
1254:
1103:
574:
267:
226:
169:
158:
122:
2300:
2295:
2288:
2278:
2092:
2042:
1997:
1937:
1901:
1872:
1860:
1840:
1663:
1615:
1483:
1352:
1342:
1279:
1204:
1163:
1065:
1012:
1002:
956:
889:
884:
829:
821:
716:
569:
558:
423:"right, correct, proper" for the front side of the leaf derives from the use of
24:
173:
Right-to-left language books: recto is the front page, verso is the back page (
2273:
2087:
1977:
1830:
1823:
1800:
1755:
1719:
1673:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1605:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1394:
1314:
1295:
1234:
1108:
1088:
1073:
987:
941:
857:
834:
503:
482:
342:
322:
211:
149:
594:
Quibus carminibus finitur totum primum folium versum (rectum vacat) voluminis
1765:
1760:
1537:
1465:
1300:
1212:
1171:
1027:
1017:
874:
514:
241:
2238:
2097:
1916:
1789:
1775:
1600:
1552:
1347:
1274:
1249:
1239:
1227:
1222:
1148:
1128:
1047:
961:
673:
615:
Longinus on the
Sublime: The Greek Text Edited After the Paris Manuscript
462:
215:
2062:
1848:
1699:
1610:
1542:
1478:
1322:
1264:
1244:
1133:
1022:
1007:
931:
904:
862:
493:
424:
1965:
1582:
951:
473:
is the norm for printed books but was an important advantage of the
238:, a word also used for a book or pamphlet made with this technique.
1808:
1547:
1515:
451:
309:
235:
203:
192:
is the "left" or "back" side when text is written or printed on a
168:
148:
502:
drawing is a sheet with drawings on both sides, for example in a
121:"Recto" redirects here. For the road in Manila, Philippines, see
2164:
2010:
1955:
966:
539:("leaves") rather than the pages, that are numbered. Thus, each
207:
153:
Left-to-right language books (e.g. books in
Western languages):
1367:
978:
794:
790:
686:
Drake, Paul (2007). "The Basic
Elements and Order of a Book".
18:
1363:
623:
The
Ordained Women Deacons of the Church's First Millennium
598:
Catalogus historico-criticus
Romanarum editionum saeculi XV
132:"Recto Verso" redirects here. For the Zaz album, see
2334:
2266:
2219:
2173:
2113:
1996:
1936:
1894:
1871:
1839:
1799:
1788:
1733:
1687:
1639:
1591:
1523:
1514:
1464:
1401:
1288:
1203:
1162:
1064:
1046:
986:
828:
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
741:
744:Merriam-Webster's Manual for Writers and Editors
526:
518:
229:– front and back. In modern books, the physical
454:remains first verso, then recto, regardless of
672:that means "two sides of a sheet or page". In
345:is numbered, and the sides are referred to as
2316:Intellectual property protection of typefaces
1379:
806:
8:
1858:
497:
467:
142:"Verso" redirects here. For other uses, see
1305:
540:
534:
517:and still in some 16th-century books (e.g.
417:
415:In 2011, Martyn Lyons argued that the term
402:
394:
355:
347:
327:
296:
288:
280:
272:
260:
253:
197:
16:"Front" and "back" sides of a leaf of paper
1796:
1520:
1386:
1372:
1364:
813:
799:
791:
780:. Imprensa Nacional – Casa da Moeda, 1992.
713:Copyediting & Proofreading For Dummies
2342:Punctuation and other typographic symbols
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
585:
772:See e.g. a modern reprint of the 3rd
7:
485:of scholarly books, particularly in
252:The terms are shortened from Latin:
47:adding citations to reliable sources
186:is the "right" or "front" side and
175:vertical Chinese, vertical Japanese
315:Grandes Heures of Anne of Brittany
14:
2355:
2354:
977:
688:You Ought to Write All That Down
461:The terms are carried over into
23:
513:In many early printed books or
34:needs additional citations for
740:Merriam–Webster, Inc. (1998).
1:
2311:History of Western typography
690:. Heritage Books. p. 1.
648:. Getty Publications. p. 21.
2158:traditional point-size names
748:. Merriam–Webster. pp.
202:) in a bound item such as a
1411:Canons of page construction
870:Canons of page construction
286:in Latin, and the ablative
125:. For the LRT station, see
2419:
477:over the much older Asian
141:
131:
120:
2350:
1568:Subscript and superscript
998:Anthropodermic bibliopegy
975:
519:
2326:Vox-ATypI classification
1456:Intentionally blank page
1338:Intentionally blank page
385:, or with a superscript
711:Gilad, Suzanne (2007).
646:Books: A Living History
325:, each physical sheet (
1859:
1306:
541:
535:
527:
498:
468:
418:
403:
395:
381:in superscript, as in
356:
348:
328:
318:
297:
289:
281:
273:
270:themselves are called
261:
254:
198:
178:
166:
144:Verso (disambiguation)
668:is an expression in
644:Martyn Lyons (2011).
436:right-to-left scripts
373:, sometimes with the
313:
223:double-sided printing
172:
152:
2196:Typographic features
225:, each leaf has two
43:improve this article
2321:Technical lettering
2220:Typography in other
1961:Hanging punctuation
564:Obverse and reverse
2284:Handwriting script
2211:Desktop publishing
2181:Character encoding
2174:Digital typography
1688:Horizontal aspects
1641:Visual distinction
1499:Widows and orphans
1333:Fore-edge painting
1328:Extra-illustration
479:woodblock printing
319:
179:
167:
2368:
2367:
2115:Typographic units
2033:For position only
1932:
1931:
1784:
1783:
1361:
1360:
1240:Addendum/Appendix
1124:Table of contents
697:978-0-7884-0989-9
487:bilingual edition
456:writing direction
361:, abbreviated as
119:
118:
111:
93:
58:"Recto and verso"
2408:
2391:Book terminology
2358:
2357:
2335:Related template
2267:Related articles
2068:Phototypesetting
1922:reverse-contrast
1907:Display typeface
1864:
1841:Blackletter type
1797:
1734:Vertical aspects
1715:Sentence spacing
1525:Typeface anatomy
1521:
1388:
1381:
1374:
1365:
1309:
1038:Treasure binding
981:
815:
808:
801:
792:
781:
770:
764:
763:
747:
737:
731:
730:
708:
702:
701:
683:
677:
663:
657:
642:
636:
611:
605:
590:
544:
538:
532:
524:
523:
501:
471:
421:
406:
398:
359:
351:
331:
300:
292:
284:
276:
264:
257:
201:
114:
107:
103:
100:
94:
92:
51:
27:
19:
2418:
2417:
2411:
2410:
2409:
2407:
2406:
2405:
2371:
2370:
2369:
2364:
2346:
2330:
2262:
2222:writing systems
2221:
2215:
2169:
2109:
2053:Microtypography
1992:
1928:
1890:
1867:
1835:
1792:classifications
1791:
1780:
1729:
1683:
1649:Blackboard bold
1635:
1587:
1510:
1460:
1451:Recto and verso
1397:
1392:
1362:
1357:
1284:
1199:
1195:Tipped-in pages
1158:
1139:Acknowledgments
1060:
1042:
989:
982:
973:
947:Recto and verso
833:
824:
819:
789:
784:
771:
767:
760:
739:
738:
734:
727:
719:. p. 209.
710:
709:
705:
698:
685:
684:
680:
664:
660:
643:
639:
629:; etc. Tylus,
612:
608:
591:
587:
583:
555:
529:Décadas da Ásia
389:indicating the
308:
250:
231:sheets of paper
147:
140:
130:
115:
104:
98:
95:
52:
50:
40:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2416:
2415:
2412:
2404:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2373:
2372:
2366:
2365:
2363:
2362:
2351:
2348:
2347:
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2344:
2338:
2336:
2332:
2331:
2329:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2292:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2270:
2268:
2264:
2263:
2261:
2260:
2259:
2258:
2256:National Fonts
2248:
2243:
2242:
2241:
2231:
2225:
2223:
2217:
2216:
2214:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2201:Web typography
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2177:
2175:
2171:
2170:
2168:
2167:
2162:
2161:
2160:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2119:
2117:
2111:
2110:
2108:
2107:
2106:
2105:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2078:Reversing type
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2024:
2023:
2018:
2008:
2002:
2000:
1994:
1993:
1991:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1974:
1973:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1947:
1945:
1934:
1933:
1930:
1929:
1927:
1926:
1925:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1904:
1898:
1896:
1892:
1891:
1889:
1888:
1883:
1877:
1875:
1869:
1868:
1866:
1865:
1856:
1851:
1845:
1843:
1837:
1836:
1834:
1833:
1828:
1827:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1805:
1803:
1794:
1786:
1785:
1782:
1781:
1779:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1737:
1735:
1731:
1730:
1728:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1705:Letter-spacing
1702:
1697:
1691:
1689:
1685:
1684:
1682:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1659:Color printing
1656:
1651:
1645:
1643:
1637:
1636:
1634:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1597:
1595:
1593:Capitalization
1589:
1588:
1586:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1529:
1527:
1518:
1512:
1511:
1509:
1508:
1507:
1506:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1470:
1468:
1462:
1461:
1459:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1431:Page numbering
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1407:
1405:
1399:
1398:
1393:
1391:
1390:
1383:
1376:
1368:
1359:
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1335:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1317:
1312:
1311:
1310:
1298:
1292:
1290:
1289:Other elements
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1285:
1283:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
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1252:
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1168:
1166:
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1157:
1156:
1154:Printer's mark
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1099:Imprimi potest
1096:
1094:Edition notice
1091:
1086:
1081:
1080:
1079:
1070:
1068:
1062:
1061:
1059:
1058:
1052:
1050:
1044:
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1041:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1015:
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1005:
1000:
994:
992:
984:
983:
976:
974:
972:
971:
970:
969:
959:
954:
949:
944:
939:
937:Page numbering
934:
929:
924:
919:
918:
917:
912:
902:
897:
892:
887:
882:
877:
872:
867:
866:
865:
860:
855:
850:
839:
837:
826:
825:
820:
818:
817:
810:
803:
795:
788:
787:External links
785:
783:
782:
765:
758:
732:
725:
703:
696:
678:
658:
637:
621:; Wijngaards,
613:e.g. Roberts,
606:
584:
582:
579:
578:
577:
572:
567:
561:
554:
551:
521:João de Barros
489:translations.
475:printing press
429:late antiquity
333:, abbreviated
317:, f. 189v-190r
307:
304:
249:
246:
117:
116:
99:September 2024
31:
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2206:Bézier curves
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2191:Rasterization
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2049:
2048:Microprinting
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2013:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2006:Etaoin shrdlu
2004:
2003:
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357:folium versum
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349:folium rēctum
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60: –
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54:Find sources:
48:
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32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
2306:Type foundry
2143:Metric units
2073:Punchcutting
2058:Movable type
2028:Font catalog
1988:Vertical bar
1725:Word spacing
1695:Figure space
1578:Text figures
1450:
1421:Even working
1255:Bibliography
1144:Introduction
1104:Nihil obstat
1084:Frontispiece
1066:Front matter
946:
900:Illumination
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123:Recto Avenue
105:
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41:Please help
36:verification
33:
2386:Book design
2301:Type design
2296:Style guide
2289:Calligraphy
2279:Handwriting
2093:Type design
2043:Lorem ipsum
2038:Letterpress
1998:Typesetting
1938:Punctuation
1902:Record type
1873:Gaelic type
1861:Schwabacher
1751:Body height
1616:Letter case
1484:Line length
1353:Thumb index
1319:Die-cutting
1280:Author page
1205:Back matter
1164:Body matter
1013:Dust jacket
1003:Bookbinding
990:back covers
957:Rubrication
910:Historiated
830:Page layout
822:Book design
717:For Dummies
666:Recto verso
570:Page spread
559:Book design
499:recto-verso
469:recto-verso
396:rēctō foliō
262:versō foliō
255:rēctō foliō
135:Recto Verso
2401:Codicology
2375:Categories
2274:Penmanship
2246:East Asian
2088:Type color
2021:monospaced
1978:Interpunct
1971:minus sign
1895:Specialist
1831:Sans-serif
1824:slab serif
1801:Roman type
1756:Cap height
1720:Thin space
1679:Whitespace
1631:Title case
1626:Snake case
1621:Small caps
1606:Camel case
1538:Diacritics
1446:Pull quote
1441:Pagination
1436:Paper size
1395:Typography
1315:Book rhyme
1296:Book curse
1235:Postscript
1218:Conclusion
1114:Dedication
1109:Imprimatur
1089:Title page
1074:Half-title
988:Front and
942:Pull quote
843:Annotation
835:typography
581:References
515:incunables
504:sketchbook
483:annotation
343:manuscript
323:codicology
212:broadsheet
69:newspapers
1771:Overshoot
1766:Mean line
1761:Descender
1674:Underline
1516:Character
1494:Runaround
1474:Alignment
1466:Paragraph
1307:ex-librīs
1301:Bookplate
1213:Afterword
1172:Body text
1048:Endpapers
1028:Paperback
1018:Hardcover
927:Miniature
915:Inhabited
895:Headpiece
875:Catchword
617:(2011),
248:Etymology
242:Looseleaf
2381:Printing
2360:Category
2239:PT Fonts
2234:Cyrillic
2098:Typeface
2016:computer
1917:fat face
1790:Typeface
1776:x-height
1746:Baseline
1741:Ascender
1601:All caps
1563:Rotation
1558:Ligature
1553:Ink trap
1348:Slipcase
1275:Postface
1270:Colophon
1250:Glossary
1245:Endnotes
1223:Epilogue
1190:Sections
1177:Chapters
1149:Prologue
1129:Foreword
1119:Epigraph
962:Typeface
932:Ornament
848:Footnote
776:(1563):
674:Flanders
625:(2012),
600:(1783),
566:in coins
553:See also
463:printing
408:, as in
391:ablative
216:pamphlet
2396:Papyrus
2186:Hinting
2063:Pangram
1881:Insular
1854:Rotunda
1849:Fraktur
1814:Antiqua
1700:Kerning
1669:Oblique
1664:Italics
1611:Initial
1543:Dingbat
1533:Counter
1479:Leading
1343:Pop-ups
1323:Endband
1134:Preface
1056:Marbled
1023:Leather
1008:Buckram
905:Initial
863:Scholia
494:drawing
438:, like
425:papyrus
371:fol. 1r
341:) of a
137:(album)
83:scholar
2229:Arabic
2128:Cicero
1966:Hyphen
1951:Bullet
1912:script
1886:Uncial
1819:Didone
1583:Tittle
1426:Margin
1416:Column
1265:Errata
952:Rubric
922:Margin
890:Header
885:Footer
880:Column
774:Década
756:
723:
694:
670:French
652:
633:(2010)
602:p. 225
542:folium
448:Hebrew
444:Arabic
440:Syriac
419:rēctum
329:folium
199:folium
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
2153:Point
2123:Agate
1983:Space
1809:Serif
1710:Pitch
1573:Swash
1548:Glyph
1489:River
1260:Index
1228:Outro
1186:Parts
853:Gloss
592:e.g.
536:folia
496:. A
452:folio
404:versō
306:Usage
298:versō
290:rēctō
268:pages
236:folio
227:pages
214:, or
204:codex
189:verso
183:Recto
163:verso
155:recto
90:JSTOR
76:books
2251:Thai
2165:Twip
2148:Pica
2103:list
2083:Sort
2011:Font
1956:Dash
1942:List
1654:Bold
1504:runt
1403:Page
967:Font
832:and
754:ISBN
721:ISBN
692:ISBN
650:ISBN
547:e.g.
446:and
377:and
365:and
353:and
335:fol.
278:and
258:and
208:book
159:page
62:news
750:337
627:232
619:170
525:'s
427:in
337:or
321:In
221:In
45:by
2377::
2138:En
2133:Em
752:.
715:.
465:;
458:.
442:,
410:1r
400:,
339:f.
294:,
218:.
210:,
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161:,
1944:)
1940:(
1387:e
1380:t
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762:.
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656:.
604:.
387:o
383:1
379:v
375:r
367:v
363:r
196:(
146:.
139:.
129:.
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
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