St Mary's Church, Reculver - Knowledge (XXG)

1681:. Susan Kelly regards it as "probable that it was against complicated background that the Reculver cross was carved from an old Roman column and erected behind the altar before the chancel arch. A date in the early ninth century is certainly implied by ... Carolingian parallels and the stylistic evidence ... There was a strong Mercian tradition of stone sculpture in the eighth century (in Wessex this craft did not develop until the ninth), so it is tempting to suspect that the cross was set up while Reculver was under the control of the Mercian kings. The minster at Winchcombe in Gloucestershire closely associated with King Coenwulf and his family ... The erection of a massive cross perhaps reflected Winchcombe influence." The classicist Martin Henig notes that a Christian church and a 194: 818: 1104:

Regarding the concrete floor described by Dowker, Peers noted that the surface consisted of a thin layer of pounded brick, and believed that it was of the same date as the stone that Dowker described as the foundation for the stone cross. Excavations also revealed steps leading down to the burial vault reported by Dowker, although Peers did not refer to either the steps or the vault in his report. Extensions of the porticus to the west and around the original west front were dated to no more than 100 years after the church was first built, and Peers observed that these extensions had been given the same type of floor as the original church. Drawing comparisons with the 7th-century

601: 1970:

supposed to have been formerly the dwelling of the hermit, and king Richard II in his 3d year , granted a commission to Thomas Hamond, hermyte of the chapel of St. James, &c. being at our lady of Reculver, ordeyned for the sepulture of such persons as by casualtie of stormy or other misadventures were perished to receive the alms of charitable people for the building of the roof of the chapel fallen down." According to Jennifer Ward, the archbishop kept a hall at Reculver in the Middle Ages, "for his own visits, and those of steward, treasurer and bailiff. was heightened and thatched". Ward raises the possibility that the hall in question was

1983:"Mrs Elizabeth Macquarie showed Lieutenant John Watts, Aide De Camp of the 46th Regiment a watercolour of the church and asked him to design some towers for . A watercolour of Reculver Church in the has a note in Macquarie's hand that he laid the foundation stone on 23 December 1818. Mrs Macquarie chose the plan and Lt. Watts was responsible for implementing the design". In the watercolour, the sea is shown washing against the cliff, and the spires have been replaced by the Trinity House wind vanes; the accompanying note is annotated with a reference to Jervis, J. (1935), "Parramatta During the Macquarie Period", 870:'a very auncient boke of the Evangelyes and in the bordes thereof ys a christal stone thus inscribid: CLAUDIA . ATEPICCUS'. A gospel book written in 'Roman majuscules' is unlikely to have been later than the early ninth century: perhaps it was an Italian import, such as the celebrated sixth-century manuscript known as the 'Gospels of St Augustine' (CCCC 286), but it could also have been a native product, of the seventh to ninth century, written in uncial or half-uncial, such as the 'Royal Gospels' from St Augustine's (BL Royal I E VI). It appears to have had a lavish binding decorated with a Roman cameo. 1560:"The only burial ground for the whole parish was at Reculver, and the problem of finding a priest to minister to a dying parishioner and then to convey the body anything up to six miles for burial in a bleak, north Kent winter must have been as distressing as it was formidable." In 1274–75, the jurors of Bleangate hundred, in which Reculver then lay, reported that it had lately been made more difficult for the people of Thanet to reach the mainland: while previously access had been provided by a "wall", this had been cut off by a ditch dug for the abbot of St Augustine's, Canterbury. 40: 992: 1061: 890: 1088:, more than 6 inches (15 cm) thick. The floor had previously been described in 1782, prior to the church's demolition, as polished smooth and finished in red, a sample having been taken with difficulty using a pickaxe. Within the floor Dowker also found what he believed was the foundation for the stone cross described by Leland, and noted that the concrete floor appeared to have been laid around it. The floor of the chancel appeared to have been raised by about 10.5 inches (26.7 cm) when the chancel was extended in the 1142: 360: 810: 899: 1718:

differs markedly from anything abroad. Moreover, its iconography is as startling as its figure-style, and as difficult to explain. The truth is that Kentish sculpture stands alone, and its peculiarity and precociousness can only be accounted for on the grounds that it is already English and representative of a vigorously experimental insular art. It remains the most baffling and incomprehensible carving in the country". A reconstruction of the Reculver cross is at

1956:, p. 261, lies between the apse and the further, eastern wall of the chancel. Two circles of concrete in the central area of grass mark the locations of the two columns that were part of the triple chancel arch, in front of which stood the stone cross. To the left and right of the concrete circles, the outlines of the 7th-century porticus can be seen, with gaps for the east-facing external doors: the standing walls beyond the doorways date to the 13th century. 984: 1868:, p. 10, says that "lead from the roof and spires was sold to Joseph Day of London for £860.8s.0d. at a rate of £25.10s.0d. per ton." Tenders were invited for the transport of large quantities of stone from Reculver to Margate on 2 June 1810. In 1887, J.C.L. Stahlschmidt wrote that one of the bells made by Joseph Hatch in 1635 was re-used in the new church at Hillborough and another in St Leonard's Church, 1891:

Church had stood. When the ancient Spires were afterwards blown down, the present Substitutes were erected, to render the Towers still sufficiently conspicuous to be useful to Navigation. Captn. Joseph Cotton, deputy Master in the year 1819." An anonymous engraving from 1812, entitled "N.E. View of Reculver Church, Kent, 1812", shows the church in ruins and only one of the spires remaining.

881:(32.3 m) high, the surviving towers alone reaching 63 feet (19.2 m). The towers measure 12 feet (3.7 m) square internally, and are connected internally by a gallery that was about 25 feet (7.6 m) above the floor of the nave. The overall length of the church was 120 feet (36.6 m), and the breadth of the west front, which also survives, is 64 feet (19.5 m). 471: 1338:, who "faded from view c. 763 x 764". The royal tomb at Reculver was "in a position corresponding to the south porticus (at St Augustine's kings were buried in the south porticus); an inscription or other record identifying as King Eadberht (grand-)son of King Æthelberht may have given rise to the later belief that it was the earlier King Æthelberht himself that was buried ." 973:, for permission to demolish, arguing that "in all human probability the parishioners shortly be deprived of a place for the interment of their dead." The archbishop commissioned neighbouring clergy and landowners to assess the situation, and they reported in March 1809 that the church should be demolished "to save the materials for the erection of another church." 854:, Scotland – and traces of paint on fragments of the Reculver cross show that its details were once multicoloured. Later, stylistic assessments indicate that the cross, carved from a re-used Roman column, probably dates from the 8th century or the 9th, and that the stone believed to have been the base may have been the foundation for the original, 7th-century 4978: 1799:] come from all parts to see the ruines of village and the church Mr C B Nailor been vicar of the parish his mother fanced that the church wos keep for a poppet show and she persuade har son to take it down": Brett, who had been parish clerk for 40 years, voted against demolition, and wrote of the vicar, "whot wos about flock that day no one knows". 133:, including the addition of twin towers in the 12th century; the last addition, in the 15th century, was of north and south porches leading into the nave. This expansion coincided with a long period of prosperity for the settlement of Reculver: the settlement's decline led to the church's decay and, following unsuccessful attempts to prevent the 1473:

is used here, it means something larger than the parish but much smaller than the thirteenth-century manor of Reculver. It is fairly sure to have included Hoath ...; it may also have included the adjoining part of Thanet, ... and St Nicholas-at-Wade ... Herne ... under another name." The value of the manor of Herne – if

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John and James, as I remember. Christ sayeth . Peter sayeth, . The saing of the other iij when painted but now obliterated. The second stone is of the Passion. The third conteineth the xii Apostles. The iiii hath the image of Christ hanging and fastened with iiii nayles and . the hiest part of the pyller hath the figure of a crosse.

802:. The addition of the towers, "an extraordinary investment ... for a parish church", and the extent to which the church was enlarged in the Middle Ages, suggest that "a thriving township must have developed nearby." Despite all the building work, the church retained many prominent Anglo-Saxon features, and one in particular roused 4982: 1129:

erection". It was demolished after the sea weakened its foundations during storms in the winter of 1782. Leland reported another building outside the churchyard, where it was believed that a parish church had stood while the main church at Reculver was still a monastery: this building, formerly a chapel dedicated to

1112:, in Essex, and the abbey of St Augustine at Canterbury, Peers suggested that the original church at Reculver probably had windows set high in the northern and southern walls of the nave. Areas of wall found by archaeologists but now missing above ground are marked on the site by strips of concrete edged with flint. 752:

Nicholas-at-Wade parish, and its church was later demolished. However, St Mary's Church, Reculver, continued to receive payments from the parishes of Herne and St Nicholas-at-Wade in the 19th century as a "token of subjection to Reculver", as well as for the repair of St Mary's Church, and the parish retained a

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A stone tablet incorporated into the church ruins reads: "These Towers the Remains of the once venerable Church of Reculvers, were purchased of the Parish by the Corporation of Trinity House, of Deptford Strond in the Year 1810, and Groins laid down at their Expence, to protect the Cliff on which the

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Of the £42.7s. from Reculver, £7.7s. (£7.35) was from an unspecified source. While Hoath, Herne and western parts of the Isle of Thanet were Reculver possessions in the Anglo-Saxon period, and remained attached to Reculver long after 1086, of these only Reculver is named in Domesday Book: " the name

1250:

it is no coincidence that in the year of Theodore's arrival King Ecgberht was involved in the establishment of a house of male religious in a strategic location outside Canterbury. ... It may be significant that the next archbishop after the death of Theodore in 690 was Berhtwald, abbot of Reculver

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The first archaeological report on the then demolished church of St Mary was published by George Dowker in 1878. He described finding the foundations of the apsidal chancel and of the columns that formed part of the triple chancel arch, and noted that the original floor of the church was of concrete,

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In the autumn of 1807 a northerly storm combined with a high tide to bring erosion of the cliff on which the church stood to within the churchyard, destroying "ten yards of the wall around the churchyard, not ten yards from the foundation of the church". Sea defences had been in place since at least

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Yn the enteryng of the quyer ys one of the fayrest and the most auncyent crosse that ever I saw, a ix footes, as I ges, yn highte. It standeth lyke a fayr columne. The base greate stone ys not wrought. The second stone being rownd hath curiously wrought and paynted the images of Christ, Peter, Paule,

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is recorded as having returned it to the archbishop, along with other churches and properties, at his death, which occurred in 1087. The value of the manor of Reculver in 1066 is given as £14, but in 1086 it was worth a total of £42.7s. (£42.35): this can be compared with, for example, the £20 due to

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that gave him the right to "dispose of his ... monasteries in at will". In that year a "monumental showdown" began between Archbishop Wulfred and King Coenwulf over the control of monasteries, featuring Reculver and Minster-in-Thanet in particular. The dispute over Reculver continued until 821,

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Interior of the ruined church, looking eastwards from an elevated gallery between the towers in 2015. A curved strip of concrete towards the top of the image marks the line of the apse, and two circles of concrete represent foundations for the columns of the triple chancel arch. To the right of these

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According to E.M. Jope, "ome later 7th- or early 8th-century work ... contains a few blocks of freestone less likely to have been found among Roman ruins ... stone from northern France was used for the cross-head". B.C. Worssam and T.W.T. Tatton-Brown conclude that all the surviving parts

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and her sister. George Dowker wrote in 1878 that "t is probable that there is some basis , as the architectural features of the towers would agree well with ." The west front of Davington Priory originally had two towers, and in 1966 Robert H. Goodsall drew attention to the similarity between these

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Reculver may have remained home to a religious community into the 10th century, despite its vulnerability to Viking attacks. It is possible that the abbot and community of Reculver took refuge from the Vikings in Canterbury, as the abbess and community of Lyminge did in 804. A monk of Reculver named

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were both on their northern sides, and that St Augustine's had also been free-standing in the 7th century. A building that stood west-northwest of the church may have had an Anglo-Saxon doorway and the dimensions of an Anglo-Saxon church, and had "the appearance of having been part of some monastic

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described by Leland had been removed from the church by 1784. Archaeologists examined what was believed to be the base of a 7th-century cross in 1878 and the 1920s, and it has been suggested that the monastery at Reculver was originally built around it. The Reculver cross has been compared with the

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in 835. An army of Vikings spent the winter of 851 on the Isle of Thanet and the same occurred on the Isle of Sheppey in 855. Reculver, like most of the Kentish monasteries, lay in an exposed coastal location, and would have presented an obvious target for Vikings in search of treasure. By the 10th

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The inclusion of porticus at Reculver in the 7th century was described in 1965 as being "without parallel in western Europe," except among contemporary churches in Kent and at the church of St Peter-on-the-Wall, Bradwell-on-Sea, Essex, but more recent analysis has shown that porticus were probably

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the outline of the original, 7th-century structure is in yellow, 8th-century work is in orange, 12th-century in green, 13th-century in purple and 15th-century in blue; the site of the original altar, or possibly the foundation for the cross, is indicated by "A". Areas shaded grey indicate parts of

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meeting on 12 January 1808, and at the instigation of the vicar, Christopher Naylor, it was decided that the church should be demolished. The decision was reached by vote among eight of the leading residents of Reculver and Hoath, including the vicar: the votes were evenly split, so the vicar

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In its final form, the church consisted of a nave 67 feet (20.4 m) long by 24 feet (7.3 m) wide, with north and south aisles of the same length and 11 feet (3.4 m) wide, and a chancel 46 feet (14 m) long by 23 feet (7 m) wide. Including the spires, the towers were 106 feet

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The church building was considerably enlarged over time. The outer walls of the north and south porticus were extended westwards to enclose the nave in the 8th century, forming a series of rooms, including chapels on both northern and southern sides, and a porch across the western side. The towers

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Sarre was a highly strategic place, overlooking the confluence of the Wantsum and the Great Stour, directly linked to Canterbury ... In the early 760s it was the site of a toll-station, where the agents of the Kentish kings collected dues on trading ships using the Wantsum route ... The

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does not necessarily refer to a house of monks in the eighth and ninth centuries, but like its English equivalent, minster ..., was also the normal term for a church served by a body of clergy. ... By the ninth century the communities of the Kentish monasteries were certainly composed of

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Further excavations were undertaken in the 1920s by C. R. Peers, who found that the nave of the original church had external doors on the north, south and west sides, and that the chancel had doors leading into the north and south porticus, which in turn had external doors on their eastern sides.

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The church was found to have been free-standing, so any other monastic buildings must have stood apart. In 1966, archaeologists discovered the foundations of what they identified as probably a medieval building, rectangular and on an east-west axis, with its eastern wall aligned with that of the

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at Herne and, on the Isle of Thanet, St Nicholas-at-Wade and Shuart, in response to the difficulties posed by the distance between them and their mother church at Reculver, and a "steady increase in population", which Winchelsey estimated at more than 3,000. At this time Shuart became part of St

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ancient gothic building, formerly the chapel of St. James, and belonging to the hermit of Reculver. It is now converted into a cottage, the walls of which are mostly composed of Roman bricks, and in the wall is an arch entirely so. a small house, which has a religious gothic appearance, and is

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for his family in the chancel at Reculver. Letters addressed to Mr Holman and Mrs Holman in 1862 and 1869 respectively were found in the King Ethelbert Inn at Reculver in 1999. John Holman was proprietor of the inn in about 1870, when he published a short guide to Reculver, in which the inn was

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observed that "y hypothesis should be an obvious reflection of a continental or eastern style; but the source cannot be found, and so far from showing itself to be immediately connected with any known Italian, Gaulish, or Syrian sculpture of the Late Antique schools, the Reculver figural style

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The record states that the king "reddidit ecclesiae Christi omnes fere terras antiquis et modernis temporibus a iure ipsius ecclesiae ablatas ... Haec omnia reddidit ... gratis et sine ullo pretio." ("returned to Christ Church almost all the lands, its by right from ancient and modern

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noticed that the roofline of the nave must have been lowered at some time, judging by the tops of the east and west walls, and the fact that the tops of the two windows over the west door were at that time filled in with brick; he also noted that the roof had been repaired in 1775 by A. Sayer,

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matrix had been discovered in the previous year "just to the south-east of the ruined church." The seal matrix dates to the early 14th century, and bears the inscription "S Vicarii de Reiculvre", or "Seal of the Vicar of Reculver". It was probably created in connection with the grant of the

1213:, also known as the "Parker Chronicle", records that Bassa was a "mass-priest". According to Susan Kelly, "e would have been a senior clergyman: a 'mass-priest' was ... a cleric who had attained the highest of the seven appointed orders and was thus qualified to celebrate the mass." 1229:: this occurred in 633, 36 years before the foundation of the church at Reculver. Susan Kelly also references Bede in this connection, but only to indicate that Bassa's name was then current in England: she similarly refers to English place-names containing the same personal name. 423:, or city, but this is probably a reference to either its Roman past or the church's monastic status, rather than a large population centre. In 692 Reculver's abbot Berhtwald was elected Archbishop of Canterbury, from which position he probably offered Reculver patronage and support. 467:. Such records also identify other abbots of Reculver, namely Æthelmær (fl. 699), Bære (fl. 761x764), Æthelheah (fl. 803), Dudeman (fl. 805), Beornwine (fl. 811x826), Baegmund (fl. 832x839), Daegmund (fl. 825x883) and Beornhelm (fl. 867x905). 893:

The decaying west front of St Mary's Church in 1781: the two windows above the double west door are partly bricked up, perhaps in connection with a lowering of the roof. The building at left is the former chapel of St James. The straight section of churchyard wall at right still

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at Canterbury, accepted a degree of communal (or monastic) discipline and who were responsible for the pastoral care of extensive rural areas. ... he distinction between the regular and secular clergy was blurred from the very beginning in England. Indeed the word

226:"clearly considered this to be a significant event", and it may be that King Ecgberht's intention in founding a church at Reculver was to create an ecclesiastical centre with a strong English element, to counterbalance domination of the Canterbury Church by Archbishop 1000:

the young clergyman of the parish, urged on by his Philistine mother, rashly besought his parishioners to demolish this shrine of early Christendom. This they duly did and all save the western towers, which still act as a landmark for shipping, was razed to the

1380:

According to Nicholas Brooks, 300 hides was "almost as much as the entire archiepiscopal holding in Kent at the time of the Domesday survey ... he huge sum of £120 ... in Mercian law ... the amount that had to be paid as the blood-price or

1048:. These structures remained until they were removed some time after 1928. The ruins of the church, and the site of the Roman fort within which it was built, are now in the care of English Heritage, and the sea defences around Reculver are maintained by the 165:

of stone that once stood inside the church, and two stone columns from a triple arch between the nave and chancel: the columns formed part of the original church and were still in place when demolition began. The cross fragments and columns are now kept in

658:: although it is unknown when he was abbot, it must have been after 890 – possibly 905 – when the name of Abbot Beornhelm last appears in Anglo-Saxon charters. The church was last described as a monastery in about 1030, when it was governed by a 1825:

Sources frequently date the church's demolition to 1805, but a meeting to discuss the church's future was held at the church on 12 January 1808; a detailed description of the standing church, including pleas for its preservation, was submitted to

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commended for its "eggs and ham, and Margate ale", and was advertised as providing accommodation for tourists. A John Holman was also a farmer at Reculver in 1877 and 1878. In 1903, J. Russell Larkby named the "attendant" at the ruins as "Mr Holman".

782:, and in the 15th century north and south porches were added to the nave. At some point in the same period, according to J. Russell Larkby, a sundial was added to the south wall of the south tower, about 3.5 feet (1.1 m) from the ground. A 78:

of Kent being buried there in the 760s, and the church becoming very wealthy by the beginning of the 9th century. From the early 9th century to the 11th the church was treated as essentially a piece of property, with control passing between kings of

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and the towers at Reculver. A bell from the church was reported sold in 1606, and in 1683 it was reported that the ring of bells was in need of repair. Four bells were reported present by Francis Green, vicar of Reculver from 1695 to 1716, and by

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church in Australia, and are on the oldest site of continuous Christian worship there. In 1990 a stone from St Mary's Church was presented to St John's Cathedral by the Historic Building and Monuments Commission for England, now English Heritage.

1120:, who drew a plan of the Roman fort and the church in 1781. Otherwise no such buildings have been found, but they may all have been in the area to the north of the church, which has been lost to the sea. In this connection Peers noted that the 1035:

of stone from the demolished church were sold and incorporated into the harbour wall at Margate, known as Margate Pier, which was completed in 1815, and more than 40 tons of lead was stripped from the church and sold for £900. In 1810

666:. This may have been nothing more than a temporary "resurgence of communal life at Reculver, at least for a period in the earlier eleventh century. ... the old minster ... was provided as a refuge for a body of foreign clerics". 499: (757–96), who treated Kent as part of his patrimony: he may also have claimed direct control of Reculver, as he did with similar churches in other areas. In 811 control of the monastery appears to have been in the hands of Archbishop 921:, and will doubtless do more harm". The village's failure to support two "beer shops" in the 1660s points clearly to a declining population, and the village was mostly abandoned around the end of the 18th century, its residents moving to 653:

seems broadly to have "preserved its primary ... character against all the odds", but evidence for the monastery at Reculver is lacking: by the 11th century the monastery had "dropped out of sight entirely". The last abbot is recorded as

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e do not know whether the Kentish monasteries had been founded as communities of monks and nuns dedicated to the service of God , or whether the male communities were from the start bodies of secular clergy who, like the archiepiscopal

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An English Heritage information plaque for visitors to the site of the church, headed "An Anglo-Saxon Church", shows a reconstruction of the original church of Reculver, with monks robed in black in the chancel; a similar image is at

1990:, Parramatta Historical Society, p. 163, saying that the note is "evidently a copy of what was evidently intended as an inscription upon the foundation stone of the towers of the Parramatta Church". The "46th Regiment" was the 1489:

as "'Northwood' ") – exceeded that of Reculver in both 1066 and 1086, at £25.5s (£25.25) and £50.14s.2d (£50.71) respectively. The "Domesday Monachorum", a collection of documents produced at Canterbury in connection with the

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were built out from the north and south sides of the church where the nave met the chancel, from which they could be accessed. The presence of a stone bench around the inside of the apse has been attributed to influence from the

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church precinct, which it pre-dated. Extending over and in contact with the western end of a Roman bath house, it stood a few yards east of the south-eastern corner of the 13th-century chancel. This building was not recorded by

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in Oxfordshire, and paying a fine of £120, to secure the return of Reculver and Minster-in-Thanet. The record of the dispute indicates that Wulfred continued to be denied control of Reculver and Minster-in-Thanet after 821 by

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By the early 9th century the monastery had become "extremely wealthy", but from then on it appears in records as "essentially a piece of property". For most of the period from 764 to 825 Kent was under the control of kings of

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When Leland visited Reculver in 1540, he noted that the coastline to the north had receded to within little more than a quarter of a mile (402 m) of the "Towne at this tyme but Village lyke". Soon after, in 1576,

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times, that had been removed ... He returned all these things ... free and without any remuneration."). Among these, Reculver is listed first among 19 items in Kent but only by its place-name, while at

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of Kent was buried in the church in the 760s. Properties belonging to Reculver in the 7th and 8th centuries are indicated in passing by otherwise unrelated records, such as the estate at Higham, land probably in the

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lords and protectors of monasteries and reserving spiritual lordship, particularly over election of abbots and abbesses, to bishops. One copy of the record of this agreement was preserved either at Reculver or at

1133:, was later known as the "chapel-house", and stood in the north-eastern corner of the fort until it collapsed into the sea on 13 October 1802. Peers noted further that it seems to have had brick arches. 148:

for shipping: preservation was achieved through the first effective effort to protect the cliff on which the church then stood from further erosion. Some materials from the structure were incorporated into a

1044:, designed to protect the cliff on which the ruins stand. The spires had both been destroyed by storms by 1819, when Trinity House replaced them with similarly shaped, open structures, topped by 1527:

in the area. There are numerous medieval salt working sites in the area to the south and east of Reculver, many of which lie on land belonging to Reculver in the medieval period, for example at

304:, exemplifies the "widespread practice of re-using Roman walled places for major churches"; the new church was built "almost completely from demolished Roman structures". The building formed a 1506:, writing in 1932, the "churches attached to the minsters or chief churches seem to be much scattered apparently represents an ecclesiastical arrangement which hitherto has not been traced". 786:

in the church was endowed in 1354 in memory of Alicia de Brouke, and two more were endowed in 1371 by Thomas Niewe, a former vicar of Reculver. These chantries were suppressed in the reign of

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regards this Tancrad as identical with an otherwise unidentified "Þancred" (Thancred) named in an "account of the restoration of Sandwich to Christ Church, Canterbury, by King Harold" (i.e.

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century the monastery at Reculver had ceased to be an important church in Kent and, together with its territory, it was in the hands of the kings of Wessex alone. In a charter of 949 King

937:, these details appearing embossed on replacement lead. But he described the church as "a weather-beaten building ... mouldering away by the fury of the elements", and a letter to 1494:, includes a list of churches, to each of which other churches are said to belong: while it makes no reference to Reculver, it states that a monastery at Herne belonged to a church at 4910: 915:

at the church – and in 1640 there were 169, but a map of about 1630 shows that the church then stood only about 500 feet (152 m) from the shore. In January 1658 the local

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named Givehard and was home to monks, two of whom are named as Fresnot and Tancrad: these names indicate the presence of a religious community from the European continent, probably

5722: 4803: 331:. The arches were formed using Roman tiles, but the columns were made for the church rather than being Roman in origin, and their form has been attributed to late-Roman and early 4695: 4588: 2062: 7853: 774:

on the north and south sides of the nave. In the 13th century the original apse was demolished and the chancel more than doubled in size, incorporating a triple east window of

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attacks may have extinguished the church's religious community in the 9th century, although an early 11th-century record indicates that the church was then in the hands of a

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According to legend the towers were topped with spires early in the 16th century, and the legend gave rise to a by-name of the "Twin Sisters", in reference to a prioress of

1952:, p. 6, "View of late Norman ruins looking east", shows the curve of the 7th-century apse marked by a strip of concrete edged with flint. The burial vault reported at 409:

grant of Sarre to Reculver must be regarded as a sign of enormous royal favour to the ... and it may be that the received a share of the royal tolls levied at Sarre.

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at Hillborough, fragments of the cross, and the two stone columns that had been part of the church's triple arch. The columns and fragments of the cross are on display in

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were added as part of an extension with a new west front in the late 12th century, when the internal walls of the rooms added in the 8th century were demolished, creating

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In 1903 Francis Grayling asserted that a similar book was on a desk under the north-west tower "in the time of James I" (1603–1625): this detail is otherwise unsupported.

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Demolition of the church in progress: viewed from the south-east, the main feature is the 7th-century triple chancel arch, with one of its two columns already taken down.

6834: 1300:

The charter, S 8, uses the dative form of the Latin word "monasterium", and is the earliest genuine Anglo-Saxon charter known to have survived in its original form.

6251: 1165:, in Sydney, Australia, which were added in 1817–1819, is based on those of St Mary's Church at Reculver. Efforts to save St Mary's Church were under way when Governor 7828: 1705:

is known to have existed; he also suggests that the Reculver cross could have been a replacement for an earlier, "Christianised Roman monument", for example a re-used

1246:

does not refer to this, instead placing the church's establishment in the context of domination of the early Kentish Church by "non-native" leaders and observing that

4638: 1270: 7592: 6896: 6039: 5578: 5510: 6571: 821:

Interior of the west end of the ruins of St Mary's Church, Reculver, in 2008: the gallery between the towers passes through the openings for the two main windows.

928:

The decline of the settlement led to the decline of the church. In 1776 Thomas Philipot described it as "full of solitude, and languished into decay". In 1787

6314: 1634:. He also cast the bell known as "Bell Harry" at Canterbury Cathedral. The spiral staircase is a regular feature in plans of the church, for example that at 6798: 6475:

Gough, H. (1992), "Eadred's charter of AD 949 and the extent of the monastic estate at Reculver, Kent", in Ramsay, N.; Sparks, M.; Tatton-Brown, T. (eds.),

5551: 5021: 1529: 943:

in 1809 said that it was then somewhat dilapidated, with "trifling ... repairs such as have only tended to obliterate its once-harmonizing beauties."

193: 7634: 3815: 6058: 129:, built out from each of the church's northern and southern sides where the nave and chancel met. The church was much altered and expanded during the 6109:

Monasticon Anglicanum sive Pandectae coenobiorum Benedictinorum Cluniacensium Cisterciensium Carthusianorum a primordiis ad eorum usque dissolutionem

3927: 1991: 1040:

bought what was left of the structure from the parish for £100, to ensure that the towers were preserved as a navigational aid, and built the first

7201: 5963: 980:, in what has been described as "an act of vandalism for which there can be few parallels even in the blackest records of the nineteenth century": 952:

1783, but although they had been costly to build their design had led to further undermining of the cliff. Two further schemes were devised by Sir

7868: 7858: 6743: 511:, through which he would also have had strategically lucrative control of the Wantsum Channel: Coenwulf had by then secured a privilege from Pope 1181:

from 1814 to 1819, to design the towers for St John's Cathedral, and these, together with its west front, are the oldest remaining parts of an

1024: 150: 31: 7838: 7718: 7700: 7153: 7083: 7044: 6770: 6761:

Henig, M. (2008), "'And did those feet in ancient times': Christian churches and pagan shrines in south-east Britain", in Rudling, D. (ed.),

6637: 6484: 6466: 6428: 6410: 6392: 6308: 5834: 5816: 5777: 1834:

reported in 1809 and 1856 that the church's demolition began in September 1809; and the year of the church's demolition is given as 1809 in

7833: 1421: 817: 7260: 6707: 4918: 3451: 1371:

that includes an iron mine and is being granted to St Augustine's Abbey – Ward dates the record to 674, but this is in error for 689.

911:

described Reculver as "poore and simple". In 1588 there were 165 communicants – people in Reculver parish taking part in services of

6664: 706:: these numbers can be multiplied four or five times to account for dependents, as they only represent "adult male heads of households". 434:

Further charters show that the monastery at Reculver continued to benefit from Kentish kings in the 8th century, under abbots Heahberht (

368:

of Kent was buried in the 760s. Parched grass in the central, nave area indicates the underlying presence of original, concrete flooring.

5728: 7295: 4691: 4584: 2054: 1693: 1158: 1146: 315:, which was externally polygonal but internally round, and was separated from the nave by a triple arch formed by two columns made of 7775: 7757: 7736: 7682: 7470: 7347: 6374: 6218: 6182: 5990: 5944: 5899: 5795: 4734: 3376: 902:

1784 engraving of mural monument to Ralph Brooke in the chancel of St Mary's Church, Reculver; destroyed when the church was rebuilt

862:

of an unidentified bishop, on the north side of the church under an arch. Another Anglo-Saxon item Leland found in the church was a

459:

area of Kent, from which iron may have been sourced for use or sale at or on behalf of Reculver, and an unidentified property named

5424: 4064: 677:

among lands belonging to the archbishop of Canterbury: in practice, however, it must previously have been lost to him again, since

7787: 1217:, p. 135, regards Bassa the priest as identical with the Northumbrian warrior Bassus who, according to Bede, had accompanied 7843: 3690: 2594: 1411:. The land at Chilmington is specified in the charter as "for the repair of the church", and was "probably a recent gift" to it. 1784:

is in a section headed "For March, 1808", is dated "January 17", and states that the vestry meeting was held "on Tuesday last".

1174: 114:

The original building, which incorporated stone and tiles scavenged from the Roman fort, was a simple one consisting only of a

7727:

Worssam, B.C.; Tatton-Brown, T.W.T. (1990), "The stone of the Reculver columns and the Reculver cross", in Parsons, D. (ed.),

6957: 6857: 794:

by 1414, since they are shown in an illustrated map drawn by Thomas Elmham in or before that year, and the north tower held a

6495:

The Parish of Reculver: A Short Historical Guide to the Parish and to the Present Church of St Mary the Virgin at Hillborough

6228: 1242:, King Ecgberht gave Reculver for the establishment of a monastery "as an atonement for the murder of his two nephews ", but 1105: 6818:

Notes on the Churches in the Counties of Kent, Sussex, and Surrey, Mentioned in Domesday Book, and Those of More Recent Date

2658: 919:

were petitioned concerning "encroachments of the sea ... since Michaelmas last encroached on the land near six rods

600: 4634: 1251:

by 679 and perhaps Bassa's immediate successor." John Blair suggests that Reculver's foundation may have been prompted by

740: 617: 7655:

Historical Sketch of the Parish of Davington in the County of Kent and of the Priory there Dedicated to S. Mary Magdalene

3215: 3163: 2866: 2780: 2531: 7848: 7569: 6876: 6016: 5574: 5506: 3353: 3025: 2983: 6551: 2553: 2509: 503:

of Canterbury, who is recorded as having deprived it of some of its land. But by 817 Reculver was in the hands of King

7863: 6722: 5843: 2379: 1089: 266: 939: 7612:"The Kilwardby Survey of 1273–4: The demesne manors of the archbishop of Canterbury in the later thirteenth century" 5786:

Blagg, T. (1981), "Some Roman architectural traditions in the early Saxon churches of Kent", in Detsicas, A. (ed.),

6298: 1631: 1519:

population for the whole of the estate centred on Reculver in 1086 of 460–575 people. The mill was probably a

1498:, which is about 20 miles (32 km) south-west by west from Herne. Domesday Book's description of the manor of 431:

and experienced in ecclesiastical and monastic affairs, but in terms indicating that Berhtwald was not a scholar.

7519: 5547: 5262: 5206: 5017: 4879: 4847: 3650: 3626: 3602: 612:, with north on the left: a stylised view of St Mary's Church, Reculver, is inset at left, and the chapelries of 1445:, pp. 203–4, notes that, in the 11th century, St Mary's was not among churches identified as receiving the 1023:, was otherwise thorough, and it is now represented only by the ruins on the site, material incorporated into a 991: 7670: 7611: 7181: 5600: 5532: 5450: 5245: 5189: 5043: 4863: 4830: 4760: 4660: 4090: 3811: 3633: 3609: 3585: 3402: 2084: 1016: 178: 88: 5744: 3189: 39: 6695: 1678: 803: 724: 567:. A factor leading to this abandonment of Wulfred's strict policy may have been the increasing intensity of 320: 246: 6151:(1784), "The history and antiquities of the two parishes of Reculver and Herne, in the county of Kent", in 1269:, p. 24. Triple arches also featured in the near-contemporary churches of St Augustine's, Canterbury, 960:

to preserve the cliff by means of new sea defences, Rennie's being estimated to cost £8,277. Instead, at a

6152: 6148: 5804: 1117: 1060: 970: 555: 3923: 284:

priests, deacons, and clergy in lesser orders, just like the cathedral community at the 'head minster', .

7185: 6679: 5954: 4956: 1367:: in the relevant record, land belonging to the "venerable presbyter abbot" is said to be adjacent to a 1209: 957: 851: 714: 695: 678: 222: 6726: 6332:

Regulbium: A Poem, with an Historical and Descriptive Account of the Roman Station at Reculver, in Kent

5635:"The Sisters, an affecting history: With a perspective view of Reculver Church, in the county of Kent" 1651:, when it was "presumably destroyed by sixteenth-century iconoclasts nothing more is recorded of it." 3924:"Some Monumental Inscriptions of St Mary's Church, Reculver, Noted by Rev Bryan Faussett: Noted 1758" 3812:"Some Monumental Inscriptions of St Mary's Church, Reculver, Noted by Rev Bryan Faussett: Noted 1758" 1881:

Trinity House also repaired the towers' buttresses, and filled in the church's west door, with brick.

1394:

By 826 Cwoenthryth "would seem either to have died, or more probably to have resigned as abbess of ."

1226: 1222: 1125: 1028: 916: 787: 534: 397: 242: 209: 167: 1141: 889: 482:

until demolition in the early 19th century: the arch was 22 feet (6.7 m) high, and the columns

7417: 6552:"Sidelights on the rectors and parishioners of Reculver from the Register of Archbishop Winchelsey" 5658: 1905: 1648: 1583: 1170: 1097: 1070: 736: 659: 613: 349: 336: 96: 1793:

A record of events written by John Brett, parish clerk, states that, from 1802, "peopel [

898: 580:

of England gave Reculver back to the archbishops of Canterbury, at which time the estate included

7275: 6936: 5879: 5871: 1662: 1542:"From 1295 until 1308 there were rival rectors, and violent seizures of tithes for four summers." 1342:, p. 27, believes that, instead of Sheldwich, a grant was made of land at Shelvingford near 1049: 504: 227: 7244: 6350:

A History of the Weald of Kent, with an Outline of the History of the County to the Present Time

809: 359: 6687: 3447: 427:, writing no more than 40 years later, described Berhtwald as having been well educated in the 7771: 7753: 7732: 7714: 7696: 7678: 7659: 7626: 7584: 7557: 7529: 7508: 7492: 7466: 7450: 7427: 7406: 7398: 7386: 7378: 7363: 7343: 7327: 7287: 7252: 7229: 7217: 7193: 7170: 7149: 7144:(1999), "Hadrian (d. 709 or 710)", in Lapidge, M.; Blair, J.; Keynes, S.; Scraggs, D. (eds.), 7130: 7109: 7079: 7063: 7040: 7020: 6992: 6928: 6888: 6849: 6822: 6816: 6804: 6786: 6766: 6735: 6699: 6656: 6633: 6617: 6599: 6563: 6539: 6523: 6507: 6480: 6462: 6446: 6424: 6406: 6388: 6370: 6354: 6348: 6336: 6304: 6286: 6243: 6214: 6198: 6178: 6162: 6137: 6113: 6088: 6076: 6064: 6031: 6004: 5986: 5940: 5921: 5909: 5895: 5863: 5830: 5812: 5791: 5773: 5769: 5750: 5710: 5694: 5682: 5670: 5646: 5594: 5526: 5444: 5037: 4754: 4654: 4084: 3396: 2078: 1408: 1327: 1166: 744: 589: 508: 373: 257:, and their equally "non-native followers." Historians vary over whether to call the church a 198: 7032: 6192: 5634: 1764:, p. 291, gives the year in which the decision was made to demolish the church as 1802, 713:

of "exceptional wealth", which led to disputes between lay and Church interests. In 1291 the

529:, Coenwulf's heir and abbess of Minster-in-Thanet, until a final settlement was reached at a 7549: 7319: 7120: 7101: 7012: 6984: 6920: 6683: 6650: 6278: 5855: 3695: 2599: 1869: 1622: 1218: 953: 908: 799: 753: 720: 551: 516:

when Wulfred "made a humiliating submission to ", surrendering to him an estate of 300

332: 258: 217: 71: 51: 7279: 1595:

Ground plans showing the development of the church from the 7th century to the 15th are at

1334:, she observes that there is "a much better context" for this royal burial to have been of 7162: 7141: 6103: 6099: 5932: 1612:, p. 158: the last chantry priest, Thomas Hewet, was drawing a pension of £6 in 1556. 1491: 1425: 1404: 1274: 1150: 1109: 1096:. Dowker also reported hearing from a Mr Holmans about the existence of a large, circular 1020: 983: 847: 743:, both on the Isle of Thanet, and at Hoath and Herne. The parish was broken up in 1310 by 694:. Included in the Domesday account for Reculver, as well as the church, farmland, a mill, 687: 621: 572: 571:

attacks, which had begun in Kent in the late 8th century and had seen the ravaging of the

389: 182: 134: 70:

in south-eastern England. In 669, the site of the fort was given for this purpose by King

7126:

A Perambulation of Kent: Conteining the Description, Hystorie, and Customes of that Shyre

1691:), and considers it possible that there may have been Christian churches replacing pagan 6975:

Jope, E.M. (1964), "The Saxon building-stone industry in southern and midland England",

419:

In the original, 7th-century charter recording this grant, Reculver is referred to as a

157:

in the same parish. Much of the rest was used for the building of a new harbour wall at

7480: 7438: 7240: 7053: 7016: 6587: 6457:

Gough, H. (1984), "The cure of souls at Hoath", in McIntosh, K.H.; Gough, H.E. (eds.),

1922:, p. 67(note), Peers' work is "the standard archaeological account of the church". 1706: 1682: 1627: 1575: 1503: 1130: 1093: 843: 779: 732: 691: 663: 605: 496: 438: 748x762), Deneheah (fl. 760) and Hwitred (fl. 784), acquiring lands in 385: 231: 7822: 7745: 6940: 6646: 6125: 5883: 1901: 1813: 1714: 1570: 1524: 1278: 1084: 1037: 795: 775: 674: 634: 609: 564: 353: 324: 141: 108: 104: 6300:

The Survey of Kent: Documents Relating to the Survey of the County Conducted in 1086

335:

architectural influences, probably transmitted via the contemporary architecture of

74:

to a priest named Bassa, beginning a connection with Kentish kings that led to King

7553: 7374: 6988: 6948: 6282: 1313:, "apparently based on a single late calendar of St Augustine's Abbey, Canterbury". 1178: 1045: 966: 934: 929: 747:, archbishop of Canterbury from 1294 to 1313, who created parishes from Reculver's 645:: Ymar was probably killed by Vikings in the 10th century, and hence regarded as a 512: 439: 250: 59: 3707: 2611: 1586:

and rector of Reculver until 1310, when he became Reculver's first recorded vicar.

925:, about 1.25 miles (2 km) south-west of Reculver but within Reculver parish. 352:, at a time when its followers were being displaced. The walls of the church were 137:

of the adjacent coastline, the building was almost completely demolished in 1809.

7653: 7523: 7421: 7357: 7124: 6780: 6611: 6330: 6194:

Two of the Saxon Chronicles Parallel, With Supplementary Extracts from the Others

6173:

Eales, R. (1992), "An introduction to the Kent Domesday", in Williams, A. (ed.),

6156: 6107: 1012: 339:

France. Around the inside of the apse was a stone bench, and two small rooms, or

216:

The first church known to have existed at Reculver was founded in 669, when King

171: 2650: 1971: 1809: 1698: 1670: 1335: 1182: 922: 863: 638: 585: 517: 451: 381: 365: 175: 154: 130: 75: 7057: 5807:(1999), "Reculver", in Lapidge, M.; Blair, J.; Keynes, S.; Scraggs, D. (eds.), 3699: 2603: 806:

to "an enthusiasm which he seldom displayed" when he visited Reculver in 1540:

7323: 7105: 6924: 3211: 3155: 2858: 2772: 2523: 1710: 1674: 1579: 1162: 838: 526: 162: 17: 7802: 7789: 7663: 7630: 7588: 7561: 7454: 7410: 7390: 7331: 7233: 7134: 7113: 7067: 7024: 6996: 6932: 6892: 6853: 6808: 6790: 6739: 6660: 6567: 6543: 6527: 6511: 6450: 6290: 6247: 6166: 6141: 6117: 6092: 6035: 5925: 5867: 5754: 5714: 5698: 3345: 3017: 2975: 298:

The foundation of this church, sited within the remains of the Roman fort of

7512: 7496: 7431: 6603: 6340: 6202: 2545: 2501: 1520: 1368: 977: 912: 683: 650: 559: 443: 393: 316: 300: 262: 254: 205: 55: 7533: 7505:

The Church Bells of Kent: Their Inscriptions, Founders, Uses and Traditions

7367: 7291: 7256: 7197: 6826: 6621: 6358: 6068: 6008: 5674: 5650: 2371: 1816:, John Francis, and George May, John Ashbee and John Collard, all of Herne. 170:, and are among features that have led to the church being described as an 7485:

The Reliquary and Illustrated Archæologist: A Quarterly Journal and Review

7174: 6703: 6592:

The Reliquary and Illustrated Archæologist: A Quarterly Journal and Review

5981:

Cherry, B. (1981) , "Ecclesiastical architecture", in Wilson, D.M. (ed.),

5607: 1904:

of Canterbury gives his permission for Sir Cavalliero Maycote to create a

1069:

the original 7th- and 8th-century concrete floor. Steps leading down to a

161:, known as Margate Pier. Other, surviving remnants include fragments of a 3896:, pp. 65–7, photograph & reconstruction between pp. 64 & 65. 1687: 1363:, p. 26, Abbot Berhtwald of Reculver was recorded as owning land at 1121: 1100:

at the east end of the chancel, containing coffins arranged in a circle.

1032: 969:

in favour of demolition. Naylor applied to the Archbishop of Canterbury,

748: 710: 547: 447: 344: 340: 208:

and his monastery at Reculver in 679, in the earliest surviving original

145: 126: 63: 7037:

Myth, Rulership, Church and Charters Essays in Honour of Nicholas Brooks

1860:

Lead from the spires and roof of the church was offered for sale in the

1726:, p. 5. A reconstruction showing only the front of the cross is at 220:

gave land there to Bassa the priest for this purpose. The author of the

7441:(1979), "The date of the parish boundary of Minster-in-Thanet (Kent)", 7251:, vol. 3, Victoria County History, St Catherine, pp. 253–69, 6437:

Gough, H. (1983), "A fresh look at the Reculver parish clerk's story",

5875: 1516: 1495: 1460: 1364: 1252: 783: 703: 699: 670: 642: 568: 521: 500: 479: 356:

inside and out, giving them a plain appearance and hiding the masonry.

312: 158: 122: 92: 7286:, vol. 2, Victoria County History, St Catherine, pp. 141–2, 1437:

The statement that the church had no baptismal function by 1066 is at

1407:, King Eadred's mother, and that it was bought from her by Archbishop 7463:

The Mildrith Legend: A Study in Early Medieval Hagiography in England

6060:

The Saxon Cathedral at Canterbury and the Saxon Saints Buried Therein

1780:

indicates a date in late 1807 or early 1808, the relevant article in

1776:, p. 45, gives it as 1807, but, while the chronology set out in 1666: 1523:, near Brook Farm, and King Eadred's charter of 949 refers to a mill- 1446: 1041: 995:

Ruins of St Mary's Church, Reculver, seen from the south-east in 2011

961: 859: 646: 577: 543: 492: 464: 401: 377: 328: 235: 84: 80: 7003:

Kelly, S. (1992), "Trading privileges from eighth-century England",

6782:

Antiquities of Reculver. Holman's Notes for the Guidance of Visitors

5859: 5548:"Buildings erected under Macquarie, 1817–1840s [Album view]" 1685:

dating from Roman times have been identified at nearby Richborough (

470: 4566:, p. 107, Figs. 99 & 100, quoting Taylor, H.M & J. (1965), 1661:

of the cross are of French "Calcaire Grossier", similar to the mid-

1551:

From 1310, the rector of Reculver was the archbishop of Canterbury.

3185: 1343: 1310: 1140: 990: 982: 897: 888: 855: 816: 808: 791: 771: 728: 599: 581: 530: 469: 456: 428: 358: 239: 202: 192: 38: 5935:(1982), "The Age of Bede and Aethelbald", in Campbell, J. (ed.), 308:

measuring 37.5 feet (11.4 m) by 24 feet (7.3 m) and an

5846:(1979), "England in the ninth century: The crucible of defeat", 5761: 1939:, p. 181. The vault does not appear to have been excavated. 1074: 630: 475: 424: 309: 305: 119: 115: 100: 67: 709:

By the 13th century Reculver parish provided an ecclesiastical

4493: 4491: 3257: 3255: 3253: 1795: 1722:, p. 86, Figs. 3 & 4, and this is reproduced at 1403:

It may be that the estate was previously in the possession of

1173:

left England for Australia in 1809. Elizabeth Macquarie asked

435: 380:, about 6.2 miles (10 km) south-west of Reculver, and at 1673:, that was probably sourced from a Roman structure at nearby 790:, in 1548 or very early in 1549. The towers were topped with 396:

and his "monastery". The grant was made at Reculver, and the

7310:

Peers, C.R. (1927), "Reculver: Its Saxon church and cross",

5123: 5121: 875:

Susan Kelly, "Reculver Minster and its early charters", 2008

813:

Two views of the Church: (top) in 1800 and (bottom) in 1900.

414:

Susan Kelly, "Reculver Minster and its early charters", 2008

400:

in which it was recorded was probably written by a Reculver

5683:"Strolls on the Kentish coast II. Reculver and the Wentsum" 2162: 2160: 2158: 1630:

in 1758: Faussett added that they had been made in 1635 by

372:

Ten years after the foundation of the church, in 679, King

140:

The church's remains were preserved by the intervention of

6652:

The History and Topographical Survey of the County of Kent

4178: 4176: 2277: 1011:

The demolition of this "shrine of early Christendom", and

669:

By 1066 the monastery had become a parish church, with no

592:, about 23.5 miles (37.8 km) south-west of Reculver. 4014: 4012: 4010: 3429: 3427: 3308: 3306: 2311: 2309: 1006:

Nigel & Mary Kerr, A Guide to Anglo-Saxon Sites, 1982

5788:

Collectanea Historica: Essays in Memory of Stuart Rigold

5381:, p. 170 & Plate X, figs. 1 & 6; 5274: 5272: 4864:"Tenders for freight of stone, from Reculver to Margate" 4520: 4518: 4390: 4388: 2922: 2920: 2575: 2573: 2571: 2296: 2294: 1477:

is correct in identifying it with the Domesday manor of

1157:

The design of the twin towers, spires and west front of

6803:, Research Department Report Series, English Heritage, 4773: 4547: 4545: 4065:"Anglo-Saxon Minster and the ruins of St Mary's Church" 3973: 2350: 2348: 2233: 2231: 1949: 1723: 1124:

of the early Canterbury churches of St Augustine's and

731:

of Reculver at about £130. Included in the parish were

604:

Detail from an adaptation of a 15th-century map of the

144:

in 1810, since the towers had long been important as a

5705:

Anon. (1999), "Early letters discovered at Reculver",

5246:"Reculver excavations. Interesting recent discoveries" 3507: 3505: 3414: 3412: 2755: 2753: 2751: 2718: 2716: 2714: 2712: 1709:, as may have happened at Canterbury Cathedral and in 641:, and wrote that Ymar was buried in St John's Church, 6534:

Gough, H. (2014), "The two names of a Reculver inn",

5397:, p. 165(note) & Plate X, fig. 1; 633:

was recorded as a saint in the early 15th century by

7359:

Villare Cantianum: Or, Kent Surveyed and Illustrated

43:

St Mary's Church in 1755, viewed from the north-east

7729:

Stone: Quarrying and Building in England AD 43–1525

7423:

The Antiquities of Richborough, Reculver, and Lymne

6303:, BAR British Series, vol. 506, Archaeopress, 6001:

English Romanesque Architecture Before the Conquest

4155: 1965:In 1800 these buildings were described as follows: 1515:The multiplication indicated by Eales would give a 620:, marked as "Omu Scorum", are shown on Thanet. The 474:Triple arch of the 7th-century church, between the 404:. The grant of Sarre in particular is significant: 265: – thus Susan Kelly uses the former term, but 66:, which was then at the north-eastern extremity of 7340:The Excavation of the Roman Fort at Reculver, Kent 5244: 5188: 4862: 4829: 4735:"Parish Church of St Mary the Virgin, Hillborough" 3632: 3608: 3584: 624:is shown separating the island from mainland Kent. 546:, and a compromise was reached between Archbishop 7146:The Blackwell Encyclopædia of Anglo-Saxon England 6616:, Longman, Brown, Green, Longmans & Roberts, 6353:, vol. 2, Part 2, Igglesden, Russell Smith, 5809:The Blackwell Encyclopædia of Anglo-Saxon England 1872:, Kent: "the others, probably, ... melted." 6518:Gough, H. (2002), "Coast erosion and Reculver", 5985:, Cambridge University Press, pp. 151–200, 5727:, Institution of Civil Engineers, archived from 4950: 4948: 3586:"The Archbishop of Canterbury has appointed ..." 3126: 107:, completed in 1086, St Mary's was serving as a 7750:Kings and Kingdoms of Early Anglo-Saxon England 7540:Taylor, H. M. (1968), "Reculver Reconsidered", 7167:England and the Continent in the Eighth Century 6800:English Heritage Coastal Estate Risk Assessment 6269:Fletcher, E. (1965), "Early Kentish churches", 5500: 5498: 5496: 998: 868: 824: 446:and exemption from the toll due on one ship at 406: 271: 5790:, Kent Archaeological Society, pp. 50–3, 5219: 3745: 3261: 1900:In a letter dated 7 May 1595, Archbishop 1482: 542:From 825 control of Kent fell to the kings of 507: (796–821), together with the nunnery at 6835:"Visitations of the Archdeacon of Canterbury" 6763:Ritual Landscapes of Roman South-East Britain 6613:Historia Monasterii S Augustini Cantuariensis 6502:Gough, H. (2001), "A true tale of Reculver", 5892:The Early History of the Church of Canterbury 5577:. NSW Government Environment & Heritage. 5509:. NSW Government Environment & Heritage. 4911:"Modern church proud of links to Roman times" 1330:was buried at Reculver "in 748". However, in 1073:are marked to the right of the semi-circular 976:Demolition was begun in September 1809 using 291:The Early History of the Church of Canterbury 50:, was founded in the 7th century as either a 8: 5848:Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 5639:Universal Magazine of Knowledge and Pleasure 4892: 4694:. Dean and Chapter of Canterbury Cathedral. 4587:. Dean and Chapter of Canterbury Cathedral. 3957: 3941: 3694:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2598:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 1931:The location of the steps is illustrated at 1225:to Kent after the death of her husband King 1064:Ground plan of the church, based on that of 558:in 839, recognising Egbert and Æthelwulf as 7854:Buildings and structures demolished in 1809 4635:"History of Reculver Towers and Roman fort" 2691: 2281: 1974:, which was near Hoath, in Reculver parish. 1838:and in the archive of Canterbury Cathedral. 1322:In her 2004 entry for Æthelberht II in the 7768:Nunneries and the Anglo-Saxon Royal Houses 7385:, vol. 45, Nichols, pp. 163–80, 7092:Kozodoy, R. (1986), "The Reculver cross", 6728:The Itinerary of John Leland the Antiquary 6161:, vol. 18, Nichols, pp. 65–161, 5766:A History of the English Church and People 5746:History, Gazetteer & Directory of Kent 4793: 3591:The Yorkshire Post and Leeds Intelligencer 2025: 1701:forts, such as that at Reculver, where an 1291:more common in early Anglo-Saxon churches. 673:function. In 1086, Reculver was listed in 7033:"Reculver Minster and its early charters" 6213:(3rd ed.), Oxford University Press, 5550:. New South Wales Government. Items 1–3. 3881: 1582:to Nicholas Tingewick, physician to King 1449:required for baptism from the archbishop. 5342: 5112: 4613: 4434: 4422: 4355: 4291: 4230: 4206: 4030: 3961: 3917: 3893: 3805: 3801: 3797: 3785: 3757: 3733: 3683: 3476: 3130: 3086: 2339: 2327: 2315: 2261: 2029: 1992:46th (South Devonshire) Regiment of Foot 1765: 1609: 1428:), which occurred between 1037 and 1040. 1059: 588:, land at Sarre, in Thanet, and land at 7829:7th-century church buildings in England 7481:"The Church of St Mary, Reculver, Kent" 6459:Hoath and Herne: The Last of the Forest 5402: 5394: 5378: 5302: 5190:"Charge of stealing barley at Reculver" 5100: 4785: 4629: 4563: 4470: 4379: 4367: 4254: 4242: 3989: 3729: 3691:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 3579: 3547: 3496: 3312: 2805: 2595:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 2400: 2149: 2006: 1773: 1727: 1719: 1596: 1324:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 1266: 1200: 30:For the parish church of Reculver, see 7640:from the original on 14 September 2015 7263:from the original on 14 September 2013 6493:Gough, H. (1995) , Blake, L.J. (ed.), 5983:The Archaeology of Anglo-Saxon England 5592: 5546:State Library New South Wales (2007). 5524: 5442: 5318: 5175: 5151: 5139: 5127: 5096: 5092: 5080: 5035: 5003: 4939: 4904: 4789: 4752: 4728: 4690:Canterbury Cathedral Archives (2012). 4673: 4652: 4617: 4601: 4583:Canterbury Cathedral Archives (2012). 4574: 4482: 4343: 4303: 4279: 4275: 4127: 4103: 4082: 4054: 4018: 4001: 3953: 3905: 3869: 3853: 3849: 3837: 3773: 3761: 3725: 3679: 3667: 3571: 3563: 3559: 3492: 3472: 3433: 3418: 3394: 3297: 3285: 3273: 3240: 3114: 3090: 3070: 3054: 3050: 3004: 2962: 2938: 2926: 2911: 2899: 2887: 2849: 2837: 2817: 2734: 2480: 2440: 2300: 2278:Haverfield & Mortimer Wheeler 1932 2265: 2222: 2210: 2166: 2076: 1953: 1936: 1848: 1761: 1749: 1665:used for an Anglo-Saxon cross-head at 1474: 1442: 1347: 1239: 1214: 153:, also dedicated to St Mary, built at 32:Church of St Mary the Virgin, Reculver 7190:A Topographical Dictionary of England 7035:, in Barrow, J.; Wareham, A. (eds.), 6963:from the original on 19 November 2012 6765:, Heritage, Oxbow, pp. 191–206, 6574:from the original on 10 February 2012 6229:"A help towards a Kentish Monasticon" 5463: 5418: 5414: 5398: 5382: 5366: 5354: 5330: 5314: 5290: 5278: 5231: 5195:Whitstable Times and Herne Bay Herald 5163: 5068: 4831:"Lead to be sold by private contract" 4810:from the original on 10 February 2009 4797: 4677: 4625: 4578: 4551: 4536: 4524: 4509: 4497: 4466: 4462: 4458: 4454: 4442: 4438: 4410: 4406: 4339: 4327: 4315: 4218: 4194: 4182: 4167: 4131: 4115: 4058: 4042: 3985: 3857: 3818:from the original on 19 November 2019 3721: 3655: 3615:Whitstable Times and Herne Bay Herald 3567: 3535: 3523: 3511: 3488: 3340: 3336: 3324: 3244: 3236: 3218:from the original on 16 December 2017 3150: 3146: 3102: 3074: 3046: 2970: 2966: 2950: 2869:from the original on 18 December 2014 2853: 2825: 2821: 2801: 2759: 2742: 2738: 2722: 2703: 2637: 2625: 2579: 2496: 2468: 2444: 2428: 2424: 2412: 2366: 2354: 2285: 2249: 2237: 2206: 2202: 2190: 2178: 2145: 2133: 2121: 2097: 2049: 2037: 2013: 1932: 1919: 1865: 1835: 1808:The commissioners were the rector of 1777: 1769: 1635: 1438: 1331: 1243: 1136: 364:is the southern porticus, where King 7: 7675:Domesday Book A Complete Translation 7570:"Saxon abbots of Dover and Reculver" 6899:from the original on 28 October 2007 6477:St Dunstan: His Life, Times and Cult 5487: 5475: 5056: 4716: 4621: 4143: 3448:"Benefice of Reculver (CA.CA.WE.05)" 3134: 3058: 2679: 2661:from the original on 21 January 2020 2492: 2456: 2109: 2033: 1422:Prosopography of Anglo-Saxon England 1420:In its listing for "Tancrad 1", the 1360: 1346:, but this is not supported by e.g. 1339: 7383:Bibliotheca Topographica Britannica 7342:, Kent Archaeological Rescue Unit, 6158:Bibliotheca Topographica Britannica 5956:Reculver Masterplan Report Volume 1 4804:"Margate Pier – The Pier Structure" 4394: 1772:, p. 67, give it as 1805, and 1748:Part of this map is illustrated in 1647:The cross probably stood until the 7598:from the original on 25 March 2016 7017:10.1111/j.1468-0254.1992.tb00002.x 6749:from the original on 15 April 2012 6461:, K. H. McIntosh, pp. 19–23, 5969:from the original on 13 April 2014 4981:. TipsImages. 2012. Archived from 4692:"Reculver, St Mary Parish Records" 4585:"Reculver, St Mary Parish Records" 4370:, p. 165 & Plate IX. 2783:from the original on 21 April 2014 1847:An aerial view of the ruins is at 1608:The chantry priests are listed at 1092:period, and had been covered with 269:uses the latter, commenting that: 25: 6911:Jessup, R.F. (1936), "Reculver", 5827:The Church in Anglo-Saxon Society 5581:from the original on 8 April 2014 5513:from the original on 8 April 2014 4909:Crudgington, L. (18 March 2014). 3356:from the original on 2 April 2015 3166:from the original on 8 April 2014 3028:from the original on 2 April 2015 2986:from the original on 2 April 2015 2288:, pp. 50–3, esp. p. 53. 682:the archbishop from the manor of 7204:from the original on 17 May 2015 6710:from the original on 5 June 2011 6698:, St Catherine, pp. 19–24, 6667:from the original on 17 May 2015 6335:, Rouse, Kirkby & Lawrence, 6317:from the original on 14 May 2014 6045:from the original on 8 July 2015 5953:Canterbury City Council (2008), 5554:from the original on 19 May 2015 5431:from the original on 20 May 2015 5024:from the original on 20 May 2015 5018:"Reculver Towers and Roman Fort" 4741:from the original on 20 May 2015 4698:from the original on 19 May 2014 4641:from the original on 20 May 2015 4591:from the original on 19 May 2014 4071:from the original on 20 May 2015 3930:from the original on 29 May 2015 3748:, p. 32 & fig. 11. 3454:from the original on 19 May 2015 3446:Denton, J.; et al. (2014). 3383:from the original on 19 May 2015 2556:from the original on 18 May 2015 2534:from the original on 18 May 2015 2512:from the original on 18 May 2015 2382:from the original on 18 May 2015 2065:from the original on 24 May 2015 2055:"Manuscript 173 : – f. 8 R" 1502:includes a church. According to 723:put the total income due to the 7298:from the original on 4 May 2015 7284:A History of the County of Kent 7249:A History of the County of Kent 6956:, Kent Archaeological Society, 6692:A History of the County of Kent 6257:from the original on 2 May 2014 6211:The Oxford Dictionary of Saints 6063:, Manchester University Press, 6017:"Seal of the vicar of Reculver" 4156:Worssam & Tatton-Brown 1990 3926:. Kent Archaeological Society. 3814:. Kent Archaeological Society. 3352:. King's College London. 2015. 3214:. King's College London. 2017. 3162:. King's College London. 2015. 3024:. King's College London. 2015. 2982:. King's College London. 2015. 2865:. King's College London. 2015. 2779:. King's College London. 2015. 2657:. King's College London. 2015. 2616:. Retrieved 21 April 2014. 2552:. King's College London. 2015. 2530:. King's College London. 2015. 2508:. King's College London. 2015. 2378:. King's College London. 2015. 1569:In 1918 it was reported that a 1147:St John's Cathedral, Parramatta 1137:St John's Cathedral, Parramatta 1017:Anglo-Saxon church architecture 7869:Churches completed in the 660s 7859:Demolished churches in England 7673:; Martin, G.H., eds. (2002) , 7554:10.1080/00665983.1968.11078342 7465:, Leicester University Press, 7405:, vol. 79, Plate I, 6989:10.1080/00766097.1964.11735676 6365:Garmonsway, G.N., ed. (1972), 6283:10.1080/00766097.1965.11735685 5894:, Leicester University Press, 5575:"St John's Anglican Cathedral" 5507:"St John's Anglican Cathedral" 5425:"Chapel of St James, Reculver" 5423:Exploring Kent's Past (n.d.). 4861:Chancellor, J. (8 June 1810). 4733:Exploring Kent's Past (n.d.). 4063:Exploring Kent's Past (n.d.). 3375:Exploring Kent's Past (n.d.). 1106:chapel of St Peter-on-the-Wall 832:John Leland, "Itinerary", 1540 1: 7503:Stahlschmidt, J.C.L. (1887), 7148:, Blackwell, pp. 225–6, 5573:Culture and Heritage (n.d.). 5505:Culture and Heritage (n.d.). 1812:, Robert Parry, the vicar of 554:in 838, confirmed by his son 384:, in the western part of the 7839:Archaeological sites in Kent 7076:A Guide to Anglo-Saxon Sites 6479:, Boydell, pp. 89–102, 5939:, Phaidon, pp. 70–100, 5016:Days Out in England (n.d.). 4774:Canterbury City Council 2008 3974:Canterbury City Council 2008 3708:UK public library membership 3127:Dodsworth & Dugdale 1655 2612:UK public library membership 2061:. Stanford University. n.d. 1950:Canterbury City Council 2008 1724:Canterbury City Council 2008 7834:Anglo-Saxon monastic houses 7479:Russell Larkby, J. (1903), 7379:"Letter to Mr John Nichols" 7169:, Oxford University Press, 7059:Anglo-Saxon Art to A.D. 900 7039:, Ashgate, pp. 67–82, 6497:, St Mary the Virgin P.C.C. 5829:, Oxford University Press, 5490:, p. 127, n. 61.. 5345:, p. 84 & Plate 4. 3053:, pp. 1–20 (esp. 12); 2124:, pp. 71–2 & note. 1463:the monastery is specified. 1309:Berhtwald is regarded as a 698:and a fishery, are 90 27:Church in Reculver, England 7885: 7542:The Archaeological Journal 7192:, Lewis, pp. 645–52, 7074:Kerr, N. & M. (1982), 6877:"Reculver and Hoath wills" 6610:Hardwick, C., ed. (1858), 6536:Kent Archaeological Review 6520:Kent Archaeological Review 6504:Kent Archaeological Review 5811:, Blackwell, p. 386, 5707:Kent Archaeological Review 5095:, pp. 259–60, 263–4; 4573:, Cambridge, p. 503; 3262:Williams & Martin 2002 1483:Williams & Martin 2002 1207:The "A" manuscript of the 741:All Saints' Church, Shuart 637:, who found the name in a 618:All Saints' Church, Shuart 596:Monastery to parish church 48:St Mary's Church, Reculver 29: 7324:10.1017/s0261340900013436 7245:"The Domesday Monachorum" 7106:10.1017/s0261340900011711 6925:10.1017/S0003598X0001156X 6403:A Third Kentish Patchwork 6367:The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle 6177:, Alecto, pp. 1–49, 5749:, vol. II, Bagshaw, 5263:British Newspaper Archive 5207:British Newspaper Archive 4895:, pp. 143, 307, 377. 4880:British Newspaper Archive 4848:British Newspaper Archive 4637:. English Heritage. n.d. 4437:, pp. 77, 90(note); 3651:British Newspaper Archive 3627:British Newspaper Archive 3603:British Newspaper Archive 2059:Parker Library on the Web 1326:, Susan Kelly wrote that 1025:replacement parish church 858:. Leland also reported a 376:of Kent granted lands at 89:archbishops of Canterbury 7693:Richborough and Reculver 7403:The Gentleman's Magazine 7381:, in Nichols, J. (ed.), 7222:The Gentleman's Magazine 6655:, vol. 9, Bristow, 6630:Richborough and Reculver 6419:Goodsall, R.H. (1981) , 6081:The Gentleman's Magazine 5914:The Gentleman's Magazine 5687:The Gentleman's Magazine 4957:"Reculver towers plaque" 4568:Anglo-Saxon Architecture 4425:, pp. 77, 90(note). 3479:, p. 78 & note. 1832:The Gentleman's Magazine 1828:The Gentleman's Magazine 1485:, p. 8, identifies 940:The Gentleman's Magazine 125:, with a small room, or 7844:Church ruins in England 7461:Rollason, D.W. (1982), 7399:"Reculver Church, N.E." 7280:"The Abbey of Reculver" 6696:Victoria County History 6401:Goodsall, R.H. (1970), 6385:The Place Names of Kent 6227:Flaherty, W.E. (1859), 6191:Earle, J., ed. (1865), 5724:John Rennie (1761–1821) 5427:. Kent County Council. 5099:, p. 294, quoting 4737:. Kent County Council. 4067:. Kent County Council. 3379:. Kent County Council. 1985:Journal and Proceedings 1713:, in Cornwall. In 1938 760:Enlargement and decline 201:of Kent grants land to 7709:Witney, K. P. (1982), 7652:Willement, T. (1862), 6684:Mortimer Wheeler, R.E. 5999:Clapham, A.W. (1930), 4979:"Picture No. 10238753" 4955:Jamesjhawkins (2011). 3712:Retrieved 8 July 2015. 3700:10.1093/ref:odnb/52684 3688:"Nicholas Tingewick". 2604:10.1093/ref:odnb/52310 1864:on 14 July 1809. 1830:on 3 March 1809; 1154: 1078: 1009: 996: 988: 971:Charles Manners-Sutton 903: 895: 878: 835: 822: 814: 625: 487: 417: 392:to the east, to Abbot 369: 343:, forming rudimentary 296: 213: 44: 7619:Archaeologia Cantiana 7577:Archaeologia Cantiana 7525:The Literary Panorama 7443:Archaeologia Cantiana 7356:Philipot, T. (1776), 7005:Early Medieval Europe 6881:Archaeologia Cantiana 6842:Archaeologia Cantiana 6690:, in Page, W. (ed.), 6588:"St Mary's, Reculver" 6586:Grayling, F. (1903), 6556:Archaeologia Cantiana 6439:Archaeologia Cantiana 6236:Archaeologia Cantiana 6209:Farmer, D.H. (1992), 6130:Archaeologia Cantiana 6024:Archaeologia Cantiana 5962:, canterbury.gov.uk, 5663:The Literary Panorama 3920:, pp. 127, 156; 3582:, pp. 217, 225; 3350:The Electronic Sawyer 3190:King's College London 3160:The Electronic Sawyer 3022:The Electronic Sawyer 2980:The Electronic Sawyer 2863:The Electronic Sawyer 2777:The Electronic Sawyer 2655:The Electronic Sawyer 2550:The Electronic Sawyer 2528:The Electronic Sawyer 2506:The Electronic Sawyer 2376:The Electronic Sawyer 2342:, pp. 24, 27–30. 1782:The Literary Panorama 1752:, facing page 8. 1210:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle 1144: 1063: 994: 986: 917:justices of the peace 901: 892: 852:Dumfries and Galloway 820: 812: 756:at Hoath until 1960. 679:William the Conqueror 603: 473: 362: 223:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle 196: 42: 7695:, English Heritage, 7691:Wilmott, T. (2012), 7397:Pridden, J. (1809), 6977:Medieval Archaeology 6632:, English Heritage, 6329:Freeman, R. (1810), 6271:Medieval Archaeology 5743:Bagshaw, S. (1847), 5599:: CS1 maint: year ( 5531:: CS1 maint: year ( 5449:: CS1 maint: year ( 5042:: CS1 maint: year ( 5020:. English Heritage. 4806:. Museum of Thanet. 4759:: CS1 maint: year ( 4659:: CS1 maint: year ( 4134:, pp. 69, 80–1. 4089:: CS1 maint: year ( 3401:: CS1 maint: year ( 3377:"Medieval Saltmound" 3276:, pp. 162, 217. 3133:, p. 87(note); 2640:, pp. 76–8, 80. 2083:: CS1 maint: year ( 1271:St Peter-on-the-Wall 1227:Edwin of Northumbria 1153:, Australia, in 2013 1029:Canterbury Cathedral 846: – an open-air 484:17 feet (5.2 m) 168:Canterbury Cathedral 87:and England and the 7849:Monasteries in Kent 7799: / 7711:The Kingdom of Kent 7186:"Raydon – Redditch" 6875:Hussey, A. (1917), 6833:Hussey, A. (1902), 6815:Hussey, A. (1852), 6779:Holman, J. (1870), 6628:Harris, S. (2001), 6550:Graham, R. (1944), 6421:A Kentish Patchwork 6383:Glover, J. (1976), 6347:Furley, R. (1874), 6297:Flight, C. (2010), 6124:Dowker, G. (1878), 6075:Cozens, Z. (1809), 6057:Cotton, C. (1929), 6015:Clinch, G. (1918), 5908:C. of Kent (1810), 5890:Brooks, N. (1984), 5610:. Wikimedia Commons 5421:, pp. 67, 70; 5220:Russell Larkby 1903 4959:. Wikimedia Commons 4802:thanetarch (2006). 4061:, pp. 241–56; 4057:, pp. 259–60; 3922:Torr, V.J. (2008). 3884:, p. 32(note). 3852:, pp. 109–25; 3810:Torr, V.J. (2008). 3746:Russell Larkby 1903 3682:, pp. 169–70; 3570:, pp. 645–52; 3566:, pp. 109–25; 3495:, pp. 109–25; 3475:, pp. 109–25; 3239:, pp. 74, 82; 2820:, pp. 180–97; 1935:, p. 245, and 1649:English Reformation 1159:St John's Cathedral 737:St Nicholas-at-Wade 686:, and £50 from the 614:St Nicholas-at-Wade 463:in the district of 327:region of northern 210:Anglo-Saxon charter 179:church architecture 7864:669 establishments 7803:51.3796°N 1.1995°E 7766:Yorke, B. (2003), 7338:Philp, B. (2005), 7031:Kelly, S. (2008), 6950:Kent Hundred Rolls 6947:Jones, B. (2007), 5825:Blair, J. (2005), 5166:, pp. 189–90. 5130:, pp. 259–60. 3908:, pp. 46, 56. 3860:, pp. 97–104. 3840:, pp. 179–80. 3728:, pp. 180–3; 3634:"Curate's suicide" 3243:, pp. 203–5; 3061:, pp. 192–94. 3057:, pp. 203–4; 2965:, pp. 232–6; 2824:, pp. 130–1; 2737:, pp. 112–4; 2495:, pp. 141–2; 2443:, pp. 76–80; 2330:, pp. 26, 30. 2169:, pp. 109–25. 2036:, pp. 141–2; 2032:, pp. 16–31; 1768:, p. 24, and 1663:Lutetian Limestone 1328:Eadberht I of Kent 1155: 1079: 1050:Environment Agency 997: 989: 904: 896: 823: 815: 626: 505:Coenwulf of Mercia 488: 370: 214: 151:replacement church 45: 7720:978-0-85033-443-2 7702:978-1-84802-073-3 7610:Ward, J. (2008), 7568:Ward, G. (1946), 7426:, Russell Smith, 7155:978-0-631-22492-1 7085:978-0-246-11775-5 7046:978-0-7546-5120-8 6821:, Russell Smith, 6797:Hunt, A. (2011), 6772:978-1-905223-18-3 6639:978-1-85074-765-9 6486:978-0-85115-301-8 6468:978-0-95024-237-8 6430:978-0-905540-70-2 6412:978-0-950-01511-8 6394:978-0-7134-3069-1 6310:978-1-4073-0541-7 6175:The Kent Domesday 6126:"Reculver church" 5836:978-0-19-822695-6 5818:978-0-631-22492-1 5779:978-0-14-044042-3 5770:Leo Sherley-Price 5669:, cols. 1309–10, 5608:"Reculver plaque" 5606:Mdpclark (2009). 5369:, pp. 247–8. 5234:, pp. 246–7. 4893:Stahlschmidt 1887 4512:, pp. 133–4. 4397:, pp. 801–2. 4245:, pp. 39–40. 4209:, pp. 117–8. 4185:, pp. 193–4. 4106:, pp. 185–6. 3960:, pp. 75–6; 3958:Stahlschmidt 1887 3942:Stahlschmidt 1887 3872:, pp. 256–7. 3706:(Subscription or 3617:. 28 October 1922 3562:, pp. 10–1; 3491:, pp. 91–2; 3339:, pp. 94–5; 3049:, pp. 81–2; 3007:, pp. 232–6. 2941:, pp. 201–2. 2902:, pp. 194–9. 2741:, pp. 31–2; 2610:(Subscription or 2592:"Æthelberht II". 2403:, p. 98, Fig. 96. 2148:, pp. 72–3; 2112:, pp. 138–9. 2028:, pp. 34–5; 1350:, pp. 170–1. 1223:Æthelburh of Kent 1177:, the governor's 1167:Lachlan Macquarie 745:Robert Winchelsey 509:Minster-in-Thanet 495:, beginning with 289:Nicholas Brooks, 103:. By the time of 58:on the site of a 16:(Redirected from 7876: 7814: 7813: 7811: 7810: 7809: 7804: 7800: 7797: 7796: 7795: 7792: 7780: 7762: 7741: 7723: 7705: 7687: 7666: 7648: 7647: 7645: 7639: 7616: 7606: 7605: 7603: 7597: 7574: 7564: 7536: 7515: 7499: 7475: 7457: 7434: 7413: 7393: 7370: 7352: 7334: 7306: 7305: 7303: 7271: 7270: 7268: 7236: 7216:Mot, T. (1809), 7212: 7211: 7209: 7177: 7158: 7137: 7116: 7088: 7070: 7049: 7027: 6999: 6971: 6970: 6968: 6962: 6955: 6943: 6907: 6906: 6904: 6871: 6870: 6868: 6862: 6856:, archived from 6839: 6829: 6811: 6793: 6775: 6757: 6756: 6754: 6748: 6733: 6718: 6717: 6715: 6680:Haverfield, F.J. 6675: 6674: 6672: 6642: 6624: 6606: 6582: 6581: 6579: 6546: 6530: 6514: 6498: 6489: 6471: 6453: 6433: 6415: 6397: 6379: 6361: 6343: 6325: 6324: 6322: 6293: 6265: 6264: 6262: 6256: 6233: 6223: 6205: 6187: 6169: 6144: 6120: 6112:, Hodgkinsonne, 6095: 6071: 6053: 6052: 6050: 6044: 6021: 6011: 5995: 5977: 5976: 5974: 5968: 5961: 5949: 5937:The Anglo-Saxons 5928: 5904: 5886: 5839: 5821: 5800: 5782: 5768:, translated by 5757: 5739: 5738: 5736: 5717: 5701: 5677: 5659:"Storm and tide" 5653: 5620: 5619: 5617: 5615: 5604: 5598: 5590: 5588: 5586: 5570: 5564: 5563: 5561: 5559: 5543: 5537: 5536: 5530: 5522: 5520: 5518: 5502: 5491: 5485: 5479: 5473: 5467: 5461: 5455: 5454: 5448: 5440: 5438: 5436: 5412: 5406: 5392: 5386: 5376: 5370: 5364: 5358: 5352: 5346: 5340: 5334: 5328: 5322: 5312: 5306: 5300: 5294: 5288: 5282: 5276: 5267: 5266: 5260: 5258: 5248: 5241: 5235: 5229: 5223: 5217: 5211: 5210: 5204: 5202: 5192: 5185: 5179: 5173: 5167: 5161: 5155: 5149: 5143: 5137: 5131: 5125: 5116: 5110: 5104: 5090: 5084: 5078: 5072: 5066: 5060: 5059:, pp. 23–4. 5054: 5048: 5047: 5041: 5033: 5031: 5029: 5013: 5007: 5001: 4995: 4994: 4992: 4990: 4985:on 24 April 2014 4975: 4969: 4968: 4966: 4964: 4952: 4943: 4937: 4931: 4930: 4928: 4926: 4917:. Archived from 4915:Canterbury Times 4902: 4896: 4890: 4884: 4883: 4877: 4875: 4866: 4858: 4852: 4851: 4845: 4843: 4833: 4826: 4820: 4819: 4817: 4815: 4783: 4777: 4771: 4765: 4764: 4758: 4750: 4748: 4746: 4726: 4720: 4714: 4708: 4707: 4705: 4703: 4687: 4681: 4671: 4665: 4664: 4658: 4650: 4648: 4646: 4620:, p. 182; 4611: 4605: 4600: 4598: 4596: 4561: 4555: 4549: 4540: 4539:, pp. 9–10. 4534: 4528: 4522: 4513: 4507: 4501: 4495: 4486: 4485:, cols. 1129–30. 4480: 4474: 4452: 4446: 4432: 4426: 4420: 4414: 4404: 4398: 4392: 4383: 4377: 4371: 4365: 4359: 4353: 4347: 4337: 4331: 4325: 4319: 4313: 4307: 4301: 4295: 4289: 4283: 4273: 4267: 4264: 4258: 4252: 4246: 4240: 4234: 4228: 4222: 4216: 4210: 4204: 4198: 4192: 4186: 4180: 4171: 4170:, pp. 80–1. 4165: 4159: 4158:, pp. 54–6. 4153: 4147: 4141: 4135: 4125: 4119: 4118:, pp. 68–9. 4113: 4107: 4101: 4095: 4094: 4088: 4080: 4078: 4076: 4052: 4046: 4040: 4034: 4028: 4022: 4016: 4005: 3999: 3993: 3983: 3977: 3971: 3965: 3964:, pp. 33–4. 3951: 3945: 3939: 3937: 3935: 3915: 3909: 3903: 3897: 3891: 3885: 3879: 3873: 3867: 3861: 3847: 3841: 3835: 3829: 3827: 3825: 3823: 3795: 3789: 3783: 3777: 3771: 3765: 3755: 3749: 3743: 3737: 3719: 3713: 3711: 3703: 3677: 3671: 3665: 3659: 3654: 3648: 3646: 3636: 3630: 3624: 3622: 3612: 3606: 3600: 3598: 3588: 3557: 3551: 3545: 3539: 3538:, pp. 91–2. 3533: 3527: 3521: 3515: 3509: 3500: 3486: 3480: 3470: 3464: 3463: 3461: 3459: 3443: 3437: 3436:, pp. 1–12. 3431: 3422: 3416: 3407: 3406: 3400: 3392: 3390: 3388: 3372: 3366: 3365: 3363: 3361: 3334: 3328: 3322: 3316: 3310: 3301: 3295: 3289: 3283: 3277: 3271: 3265: 3259: 3248: 3234: 3228: 3227: 3225: 3223: 3208: 3202: 3201: 3199: 3197: 3182: 3176: 3175: 3173: 3171: 3144: 3138: 3124: 3118: 3117:, p. 203–5. 3112: 3106: 3100: 3094: 3084: 3078: 3068: 3062: 3044: 3038: 3037: 3035: 3033: 3014: 3008: 3002: 2996: 2995: 2993: 2991: 2960: 2954: 2948: 2942: 2936: 2930: 2924: 2915: 2909: 2903: 2897: 2891: 2885: 2879: 2878: 2876: 2874: 2847: 2841: 2835: 2829: 2815: 2809: 2808:, pp. 31–2. 2799: 2793: 2792: 2790: 2788: 2769: 2763: 2757: 2746: 2732: 2726: 2720: 2707: 2701: 2695: 2692:Roach Smith 1850 2689: 2683: 2682:, pp. 26–8. 2677: 2671: 2670: 2668: 2666: 2647: 2641: 2635: 2629: 2623: 2617: 2615: 2607: 2589: 2583: 2582:, pp. 78–9. 2577: 2566: 2565: 2563: 2561: 2543: 2541: 2539: 2521: 2519: 2517: 2490: 2484: 2478: 2472: 2466: 2460: 2454: 2448: 2438: 2432: 2422: 2416: 2415:, pp. 74–5. 2410: 2404: 2398: 2392: 2391: 2389: 2387: 2364: 2358: 2352: 2343: 2337: 2331: 2325: 2319: 2313: 2304: 2298: 2289: 2282:Roach Smith 1850 2275: 2269: 2259: 2253: 2247: 2241: 2235: 2226: 2220: 2214: 2200: 2194: 2188: 2182: 2181:, pp. 72–3. 2176: 2170: 2164: 2153: 2143: 2137: 2131: 2125: 2119: 2113: 2107: 2101: 2100:, pp. 71–2. 2095: 2089: 2088: 2082: 2074: 2072: 2070: 2047: 2041: 2040:, pp. 71–2. 2023: 2017: 2011: 1995: 1981: 1975: 1968: 1963: 1957: 1948:A photograph at 1946: 1940: 1929: 1923: 1916: 1910: 1898: 1892: 1888: 1882: 1879: 1873: 1858: 1852: 1845: 1839: 1823: 1817: 1806: 1800: 1791: 1785: 1759: 1753: 1746: 1740: 1737: 1731: 1658: 1652: 1645: 1639: 1619: 1613: 1606: 1600: 1599:, pp. 24–5. 1593: 1587: 1567: 1561: 1558: 1552: 1549: 1543: 1540: 1534: 1532: 1513: 1507: 1470: 1464: 1456: 1450: 1435: 1429: 1418: 1412: 1401: 1395: 1392: 1386: 1378: 1372: 1357: 1351: 1320: 1314: 1307: 1301: 1298: 1292: 1288: 1282: 1277:, Essex, and at 1262: 1256: 1249: 1236: 1230: 1219:Paulinus of York 1205: 1067: 1007: 909:William Lambarde 876: 833: 800:spiral staircase 798:, accessed by a 778:with columns of 754:perpetual curacy 649:. The Church in 485: 415: 294: 218:Ecgberht of Kent 72:Ecgberht of Kent 21: 7884: 7883: 7879: 7878: 7877: 7875: 7874: 7873: 7819: 7818: 7808:51.3796; 1.1995 7807: 7805: 7801: 7798: 7793: 7790: 7788: 7786: 7785: 7783: 7778: 7765: 7760: 7744: 7739: 7726: 7721: 7708: 7703: 7690: 7685: 7669: 7651: 7643: 7641: 7637: 7614: 7609: 7601: 7599: 7595: 7572: 7567: 7539: 7528:, vol. 3, 7518: 7502: 7478: 7473: 7460: 7437: 7418:Roach Smith, C. 7416: 7396: 7373: 7362:, Whittingham, 7355: 7350: 7337: 7309: 7301: 7299: 7274: 7266: 7264: 7239: 7215: 7207: 7205: 7180: 7161: 7156: 7140: 7119: 7091: 7086: 7073: 7052: 7047: 7030: 7002: 6974: 6966: 6964: 6960: 6953: 6946: 6910: 6902: 6900: 6874: 6866: 6864: 6860: 6837: 6832: 6814: 6796: 6778: 6773: 6760: 6752: 6750: 6746: 6734:, vol. 6, 6731: 6721: 6713: 6711: 6694:, vol. 3, 6678: 6670: 6668: 6645: 6640: 6627: 6609: 6585: 6577: 6575: 6549: 6538:(195): 186–91, 6533: 6517: 6501: 6492: 6487: 6474: 6469: 6456: 6436: 6431: 6418: 6413: 6400: 6395: 6382: 6377: 6364: 6346: 6328: 6320: 6318: 6311: 6296: 6268: 6260: 6258: 6254: 6231: 6226: 6221: 6208: 6190: 6185: 6172: 6147: 6123: 6106:, eds. (1655), 6098: 6074: 6056: 6048: 6046: 6042: 6019: 6014: 5998: 5993: 5980: 5972: 5970: 5966: 5959: 5952: 5947: 5931: 5907: 5902: 5889: 5860:10.2307/3679110 5842: 5837: 5824: 5819: 5803: 5798: 5785: 5780: 5760: 5742: 5734: 5732: 5731:on 7 April 2014 5720: 5709:(138): 189–90, 5704: 5680: 5656: 5632: 5628: 5623: 5613: 5611: 5605: 5591: 5584: 5582: 5572: 5571: 5567: 5557: 5555: 5545: 5544: 5540: 5523: 5516: 5514: 5504: 5503: 5494: 5486: 5482: 5474: 5470: 5462: 5458: 5441: 5434: 5432: 5422: 5417:, p. 135; 5413: 5409: 5393: 5389: 5377: 5373: 5365: 5361: 5353: 5349: 5341: 5337: 5329: 5325: 5317:, p. 245; 5313: 5309: 5301: 5297: 5289: 5285: 5277: 5270: 5256: 5254: 5243: 5242: 5238: 5230: 5226: 5218: 5214: 5200: 5198: 5197:. 23 March 1878 5187: 5186: 5182: 5174: 5170: 5162: 5158: 5150: 5146: 5138: 5134: 5126: 5119: 5111: 5107: 5091: 5087: 5079: 5075: 5067: 5063: 5055: 5051: 5034: 5027: 5025: 5015: 5014: 5010: 5006:, Plate I. 5002: 4998: 4988: 4986: 4977: 4976: 4972: 4962: 4960: 4954: 4953: 4946: 4938: 4934: 4924: 4922: 4921:on 7 April 2014 4908: 4907:, p. 187; 4903: 4899: 4891: 4887: 4873: 4871: 4869:Kentish Gazette 4860: 4859: 4855: 4841: 4839: 4836:Kentish Gazette 4828: 4827: 4823: 4813: 4811: 4801: 4800:, p. 315; 4796:, p. 204; 4794:C. of Kent 1810 4792:, p. 906; 4784: 4780: 4772: 4768: 4751: 4744: 4742: 4732: 4731:, p. 184; 4727: 4723: 4715: 4711: 4701: 4699: 4689: 4688: 4684: 4676:, p. 906; 4672: 4668: 4651: 4644: 4642: 4633: 4624:, p. 194; 4612: 4608: 4594: 4592: 4582: 4581:, p. 315; 4577:, p. 906; 4562: 4558: 4550: 4543: 4535: 4531: 4523: 4516: 4508: 4504: 4496: 4489: 4481: 4477: 4465:, p. 137; 4457:, p. 135; 4453: 4449: 4433: 4429: 4421: 4417: 4405: 4401: 4393: 4386: 4378: 4374: 4366: 4362: 4354: 4350: 4338: 4334: 4326: 4322: 4314: 4310: 4302: 4298: 4290: 4286: 4278:, p. 137; 4274: 4270: 4265: 4261: 4253: 4249: 4241: 4237: 4229: 4225: 4217: 4213: 4205: 4201: 4193: 4189: 4181: 4174: 4166: 4162: 4154: 4150: 4142: 4138: 4130:, p. 163; 4126: 4122: 4114: 4110: 4102: 4098: 4081: 4074: 4072: 4062: 4053: 4049: 4041: 4037: 4029: 4025: 4017: 4008: 4000: 3996: 3984: 3980: 3972: 3968: 3956:, p. 595; 3952: 3948: 3933: 3931: 3921: 3916: 3912: 3904: 3900: 3892: 3888: 3880: 3876: 3868: 3864: 3856:, p. 179; 3848: 3844: 3836: 3832: 3821: 3819: 3809: 3808:, p. 127; 3796: 3792: 3784: 3780: 3772: 3768: 3760:, p. 157; 3756: 3752: 3744: 3740: 3720: 3716: 3705: 3687: 3686:, p. 154; 3678: 3674: 3666: 3662: 3644: 3642: 3631: 3620: 3618: 3607: 3596: 3594: 3583: 3558: 3554: 3546: 3542: 3534: 3530: 3522: 3518: 3510: 3503: 3487: 3483: 3471: 3467: 3457: 3455: 3445: 3444: 3440: 3432: 3425: 3417: 3410: 3393: 3386: 3384: 3374: 3373: 3369: 3359: 3357: 3344: 3335: 3331: 3323: 3319: 3311: 3304: 3296: 3292: 3284: 3280: 3272: 3268: 3260: 3251: 3235: 3231: 3221: 3219: 3210: 3209: 3205: 3195: 3193: 3184: 3183: 3179: 3169: 3167: 3154: 3149:, p. 361; 3145: 3141: 3125: 3121: 3113: 3109: 3101: 3097: 3089:, p. 223; 3085: 3081: 3073:, p. 163; 3069: 3065: 3045: 3041: 3031: 3029: 3016: 3015: 3011: 3003: 2999: 2989: 2987: 2974: 2961: 2957: 2949: 2945: 2937: 2933: 2925: 2918: 2910: 2906: 2898: 2894: 2886: 2882: 2872: 2870: 2857: 2852:, p. 182; 2848: 2844: 2836: 2832: 2816: 2812: 2804:, p. 118; 2800: 2796: 2786: 2784: 2771: 2770: 2766: 2758: 2749: 2733: 2729: 2721: 2710: 2702: 2698: 2690: 2686: 2678: 2674: 2664: 2662: 2649: 2648: 2644: 2636: 2632: 2624: 2620: 2609: 2591: 2590: 2586: 2578: 2569: 2559: 2557: 2544: 2537: 2535: 2522: 2515: 2513: 2500: 2491: 2487: 2479: 2475: 2467: 2463: 2455: 2451: 2439: 2435: 2427:, p. 249; 2423: 2419: 2411: 2407: 2399: 2395: 2385: 2383: 2370: 2365: 2361: 2353: 2346: 2338: 2334: 2326: 2322: 2314: 2307: 2299: 2292: 2284:, p. 197; 2276: 2272: 2260: 2256: 2248: 2244: 2236: 2229: 2221: 2217: 2201: 2197: 2189: 2185: 2177: 2173: 2165: 2156: 2144: 2140: 2132: 2128: 2120: 2116: 2108: 2104: 2096: 2092: 2075: 2068: 2066: 2053: 2048: 2044: 2026:Garmonsway 1972 2024: 2020: 2012: 2008: 2004: 1999: 1998: 1982: 1978: 1966: 1964: 1960: 1947: 1943: 1930: 1926: 1917: 1913: 1899: 1895: 1889: 1885: 1880: 1876: 1862:Kentish Gazette 1859: 1855: 1851:, Plate 8. 1846: 1842: 1824: 1820: 1807: 1803: 1792: 1788: 1760: 1756: 1747: 1743: 1738: 1734: 1659: 1655: 1646: 1642: 1620: 1616: 1607: 1603: 1594: 1590: 1568: 1564: 1559: 1555: 1550: 1546: 1541: 1537: 1528: 1514: 1510: 1492:Domesday survey 1471: 1467: 1457: 1453: 1436: 1432: 1426:Harold Harefoot 1419: 1415: 1402: 1398: 1393: 1389: 1379: 1375: 1358: 1354: 1321: 1317: 1308: 1304: 1299: 1295: 1289: 1285: 1275:Bradwell-on-Sea 1263: 1259: 1247: 1237: 1233: 1206: 1202: 1197: 1192: 1139: 1110:Bradwell-on-Sea 1094:encaustic tiles 1065: 1058: 1031:. Two thousand 1008: 1005: 949: 920: 887: 877: 874: 848:preaching cross 834: 831: 767: 762: 733:chapels of ease 622:Wantsum Channel 598: 573:Isle of Sheppey 483: 416: 413: 390:Wantsum Channel 295: 288: 267:Nicholas Brooks 191: 99:accompanied by 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7882: 7880: 7872: 7871: 7866: 7861: 7856: 7851: 7846: 7841: 7836: 7831: 7821: 7820: 7782: 7781: 7776: 7763: 7758: 7742: 7737: 7731:, Phillimore, 7724: 7719: 7713:, Phillimore, 7706: 7701: 7688: 7683: 7667: 7649: 7607: 7565: 7537: 7522:, ed. (1808), 7516: 7500: 7476: 7471: 7458: 7439:Rollason, D.W. 7435: 7414: 7394: 7371: 7353: 7348: 7335: 7307: 7272: 7237: 7213: 7178: 7159: 7154: 7138: 7117: 7089: 7084: 7071: 7054:Kendrick, T.D. 7050: 7045: 7028: 7000: 6972: 6944: 6919:(38): 179–94, 6908: 6872: 6830: 6812: 6794: 6776: 6771: 6758: 6719: 6676: 6643: 6638: 6625: 6607: 6583: 6547: 6531: 6522:(149): 203–6, 6515: 6506:(146): 137–8, 6499: 6490: 6485: 6472: 6467: 6454: 6434: 6429: 6416: 6411: 6398: 6393: 6380: 6375: 6362: 6344: 6326: 6309: 6294: 6266: 6224: 6219: 6206: 6188: 6183: 6170: 6145: 6121: 6096: 6072: 6054: 6012: 5996: 5991: 5978: 5950: 5945: 5929: 5905: 5900: 5887: 5850:, 5th series, 5840: 5835: 5822: 5817: 5801: 5796: 5783: 5778: 5758: 5740: 5721:Anon. (2011), 5718: 5702: 5681:Anon. (1856), 5678: 5657:Anon. (1808), 5654: 5633:Anon. (1791), 5629: 5627: 5624: 5622: 5621: 5565: 5538: 5492: 5480: 5478:, p. 123. 5468: 5466:, p. 248. 5456: 5407: 5401:, p. 70; 5387: 5371: 5359: 5347: 5335: 5323: 5321:, p. 181. 5307: 5295: 5293:, p. 249. 5283: 5281:, p. 247. 5268: 5253:. 10 June 1927 5236: 5224: 5212: 5180: 5168: 5156: 5144: 5142:, p. 261. 5132: 5117: 5105: 5085: 5073: 5061: 5049: 5008: 4996: 4970: 4944: 4942:, p. 257. 4932: 4897: 4885: 4853: 4838:. 14 July 1809 4821: 4788:, p. 45; 4778: 4766: 4721: 4719:, p. 194. 4709: 4682: 4680:, p. 315. 4666: 4632:, p. 68; 4628:, p. 67; 4616:, p. 24; 4606: 4556: 4541: 4529: 4527:, p. 135. 4514: 4502: 4487: 4475: 4447: 4427: 4415: 4399: 4384: 4382:, p. 164. 4372: 4360: 4358:, p. 278. 4348: 4342:, p. 67; 4332: 4320: 4318:, p. 204. 4308: 4306:, p. 189. 4296: 4294:, p. 207. 4284: 4282:, p. 187. 4268: 4259: 4247: 4235: 4233:, p. 254. 4223: 4211: 4199: 4197:, p. 194. 4187: 4172: 4160: 4148: 4136: 4120: 4108: 4096: 4047: 4045:, p. 251. 4035: 4023: 4021:, p. 137. 4006: 3994: 3978: 3966: 3946: 3944:, p. 377. 3910: 3898: 3886: 3882:Willement 1862 3874: 3862: 3842: 3830: 3804:, p. 10; 3790: 3778: 3776:, p. 252. 3766: 3750: 3738: 3732:, p. 26; 3714: 3672: 3670:, p. 169. 3660: 3552: 3550:, p. 225. 3540: 3528: 3516: 3501: 3499:, p. 217. 3481: 3465: 3450:. HRI Online. 3438: 3423: 3408: 3367: 3343:, p. 74; 3329: 3317: 3315:, p. 256. 3302: 3300:, p. 162. 3290: 3288:, p. 217. 3278: 3266: 3249: 3229: 3203: 3177: 3153:, p. 82; 3139: 3129:, p. 26; 3119: 3107: 3105:, p. 299. 3095: 3079: 3063: 3039: 3009: 2997: 2973:, p. 82; 2955: 2943: 2931: 2929:, p. 201. 2916: 2914:, p. 199. 2904: 2892: 2890:, p. 197. 2880: 2856:, p. 56; 2842: 2840:, p. 182. 2830: 2810: 2794: 2764: 2747: 2727: 2708: 2706:, p. 123. 2696: 2694:, p. 197. 2684: 2672: 2642: 2630: 2618: 2584: 2567: 2499:, p. 78; 2485: 2473: 2461: 2459:, p. 282. 2449: 2433: 2417: 2405: 2393: 2369:, p. 74; 2359: 2357:, p. 244. 2344: 2332: 2320: 2305: 2303:, p. 163. 2290: 2280:, p. 21; 2270: 2264:, p. 24; 2254: 2252:, p. 204. 2242: 2240:, p. 386. 2227: 2225:, p. 187. 2215: 2213:, p. 399. 2195: 2183: 2171: 2154: 2152:, p. 225. 2138: 2126: 2114: 2102: 2090: 2052:, p. 34; 2042: 2018: 2005: 2003: 2000: 1997: 1996: 1976: 1958: 1941: 1924: 1911: 1893: 1883: 1874: 1853: 1840: 1818: 1801: 1786: 1754: 1741: 1732: 1707:Jupiter column 1683:baptismal font 1653: 1640: 1638:, Fig. 4. 1628:Bryan Faussett 1614: 1601: 1588: 1562: 1553: 1544: 1535: 1508: 1504:Nellie Neilson 1465: 1451: 1441:, p. 82; 1430: 1413: 1396: 1387: 1373: 1352: 1315: 1302: 1293: 1283: 1257: 1231: 1199: 1198: 1196: 1193: 1191: 1188: 1145:The facade of 1138: 1135: 1057: 1054: 1003: 948: 945: 913:holy communion 886: 883: 872: 844:Ruthwell Cross 829: 780:Purbeck Marble 766: 763: 761: 758: 606:Isle of Thanet 597: 594: 520:, possibly at 461:Dunwaling land 411: 386:Isle of Thanet 286: 247:St Augustine's 190: 187: 26: 24: 18:Reculver Abbey 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7881: 7870: 7867: 7865: 7862: 7860: 7857: 7855: 7852: 7850: 7847: 7845: 7842: 7840: 7837: 7835: 7832: 7830: 7827: 7826: 7824: 7817: 7815: 7812: 7779: 7777:0-8264-6040-2 7773: 7770:, Continuum, 7769: 7764: 7761: 7759:1-85264-027-8 7755: 7751: 7747: 7743: 7740: 7738:0-85033-768-2 7734: 7730: 7725: 7722: 7716: 7712: 7707: 7704: 7698: 7694: 7689: 7686: 7684:0-14-051535-6 7680: 7676: 7672: 7668: 7665: 7661: 7658:, Pickering, 7657: 7656: 7650: 7636: 7632: 7628: 7624: 7620: 7613: 7608: 7594: 7590: 7586: 7582: 7578: 7571: 7566: 7563: 7559: 7555: 7551: 7547: 7543: 7538: 7535: 7531: 7527: 7526: 7521: 7517: 7514: 7510: 7506: 7501: 7498: 7494: 7490: 7486: 7482: 7477: 7474: 7472:0-7185-1201-4 7468: 7464: 7459: 7456: 7452: 7448: 7444: 7440: 7436: 7433: 7429: 7425: 7424: 7419: 7415: 7412: 7408: 7404: 7400: 7395: 7392: 7388: 7384: 7380: 7376: 7372: 7369: 7365: 7361: 7360: 7354: 7351: 7349:0-947831-24-X 7345: 7341: 7336: 7333: 7329: 7325: 7321: 7317: 7313: 7308: 7297: 7293: 7289: 7285: 7281: 7277: 7273: 7262: 7258: 7254: 7250: 7246: 7242: 7238: 7235: 7231: 7227: 7223: 7219: 7214: 7203: 7199: 7195: 7191: 7187: 7183: 7179: 7176: 7172: 7168: 7164: 7160: 7157: 7151: 7147: 7143: 7139: 7136: 7132: 7129:, Bollisant, 7128: 7127: 7122: 7118: 7115: 7111: 7107: 7103: 7099: 7095: 7090: 7087: 7081: 7077: 7072: 7069: 7065: 7061: 7060: 7055: 7051: 7048: 7042: 7038: 7034: 7029: 7026: 7022: 7018: 7014: 7010: 7006: 7001: 6998: 6994: 6990: 6986: 6982: 6978: 6973: 6959: 6952: 6951: 6945: 6942: 6938: 6934: 6930: 6926: 6922: 6918: 6914: 6909: 6898: 6894: 6890: 6886: 6882: 6878: 6873: 6863:on 2 May 2014 6859: 6855: 6851: 6847: 6843: 6836: 6831: 6828: 6824: 6820: 6819: 6813: 6810: 6806: 6802: 6801: 6795: 6792: 6788: 6784: 6783: 6777: 6774: 6768: 6764: 6759: 6745: 6741: 6737: 6730: 6729: 6724: 6720: 6709: 6705: 6701: 6697: 6693: 6689: 6685: 6681: 6677: 6666: 6662: 6658: 6654: 6653: 6648: 6644: 6641: 6635: 6631: 6626: 6623: 6619: 6615: 6614: 6608: 6605: 6601: 6597: 6593: 6589: 6584: 6573: 6569: 6565: 6561: 6557: 6553: 6548: 6545: 6541: 6537: 6532: 6529: 6525: 6521: 6516: 6513: 6509: 6505: 6500: 6496: 6491: 6488: 6482: 6478: 6473: 6470: 6464: 6460: 6455: 6452: 6448: 6444: 6440: 6435: 6432: 6426: 6423:, Rochester, 6422: 6417: 6414: 6408: 6405:, Stedehill, 6404: 6399: 6396: 6390: 6386: 6381: 6378: 6376:0-460-11624-X 6372: 6368: 6363: 6360: 6356: 6352: 6351: 6345: 6342: 6338: 6334: 6333: 6327: 6316: 6312: 6306: 6302: 6301: 6295: 6292: 6288: 6284: 6280: 6276: 6272: 6267: 6253: 6249: 6245: 6241: 6237: 6230: 6225: 6222: 6220:0-19-283069-4 6216: 6212: 6207: 6204: 6200: 6197:, Clarendon, 6196: 6195: 6189: 6186: 6184:0-948459-98-0 6180: 6176: 6171: 6168: 6164: 6160: 6159: 6154: 6150: 6146: 6143: 6139: 6135: 6131: 6127: 6122: 6119: 6115: 6111: 6110: 6105: 6101: 6100:Dodsworth, R. 6097: 6094: 6090: 6086: 6082: 6078: 6073: 6070: 6066: 6062: 6061: 6055: 6041: 6037: 6033: 6029: 6025: 6018: 6013: 6010: 6006: 6003:, Clarendon, 6002: 5997: 5994: 5992:0-521-28390-6 5988: 5984: 5979: 5965: 5958: 5957: 5951: 5948: 5946:0-7148-2149-7 5942: 5938: 5934: 5930: 5927: 5923: 5919: 5915: 5911: 5906: 5903: 5901:0-7185-1182-4 5897: 5893: 5888: 5885: 5881: 5877: 5873: 5869: 5865: 5861: 5857: 5853: 5849: 5845: 5841: 5838: 5832: 5828: 5823: 5820: 5814: 5810: 5806: 5802: 5799: 5797:0-906746-02-7 5793: 5789: 5784: 5781: 5775: 5771: 5767: 5763: 5759: 5756: 5752: 5748: 5747: 5741: 5730: 5726: 5725: 5719: 5716: 5712: 5708: 5703: 5700: 5696: 5692: 5688: 5684: 5679: 5676: 5672: 5668: 5664: 5660: 5655: 5652: 5648: 5644: 5640: 5636: 5631: 5630: 5625: 5609: 5602: 5596: 5580: 5576: 5569: 5566: 5553: 5549: 5542: 5539: 5534: 5528: 5512: 5508: 5501: 5499: 5497: 5493: 5489: 5484: 5481: 5477: 5472: 5469: 5465: 5460: 5457: 5452: 5446: 5430: 5426: 5420: 5416: 5411: 5408: 5404: 5400: 5396: 5391: 5388: 5385:, p. 70. 5384: 5380: 5375: 5372: 5368: 5363: 5360: 5357:, p. 70. 5356: 5351: 5348: 5344: 5343:Duncombe 1784 5339: 5336: 5333:, p. 54. 5332: 5327: 5324: 5320: 5316: 5311: 5308: 5305:, p. 24. 5304: 5299: 5296: 5292: 5287: 5284: 5280: 5275: 5273: 5269: 5264: 5252: 5251:Dover Express 5247: 5240: 5237: 5233: 5228: 5225: 5222:, p. 32. 5221: 5216: 5213: 5208: 5196: 5191: 5184: 5181: 5177: 5172: 5169: 5165: 5160: 5157: 5154:, p. 44. 5153: 5148: 5145: 5141: 5136: 5133: 5129: 5124: 5122: 5118: 5115:, p. 88. 5114: 5113:Duncombe 1784 5109: 5106: 5103:, p. 62. 5102: 5098: 5094: 5089: 5086: 5082: 5077: 5074: 5070: 5065: 5062: 5058: 5053: 5050: 5045: 5039: 5023: 5019: 5012: 5009: 5005: 5000: 4997: 4984: 4980: 4974: 4971: 4958: 4951: 4949: 4945: 4941: 4936: 4933: 4920: 4916: 4912: 4906: 4901: 4898: 4894: 4889: 4886: 4881: 4870: 4865: 4857: 4854: 4849: 4837: 4832: 4825: 4822: 4809: 4805: 4799: 4795: 4791: 4787: 4782: 4779: 4775: 4770: 4767: 4762: 4756: 4740: 4736: 4730: 4725: 4722: 4718: 4713: 4710: 4697: 4693: 4686: 4683: 4679: 4675: 4670: 4667: 4662: 4656: 4640: 4636: 4631: 4627: 4623: 4619: 4615: 4614:Fletcher 1965 4610: 4607: 4604:, p. 36. 4603: 4590: 4586: 4580: 4576: 4572: 4569: 4565: 4560: 4557: 4554:, p. 10. 4553: 4548: 4546: 4542: 4538: 4533: 4530: 4526: 4521: 4519: 4515: 4511: 4506: 4503: 4499: 4494: 4492: 4488: 4484: 4479: 4476: 4473:, p. 45. 4472: 4468: 4464: 4461:, col. 1310; 4460: 4456: 4451: 4448: 4445:, p. 56. 4444: 4441:, col. 1310; 4440: 4436: 4435:Duncombe 1784 4431: 4428: 4424: 4423:Duncombe 1784 4419: 4416: 4412: 4408: 4403: 4400: 4396: 4391: 4389: 4385: 4381: 4376: 4373: 4369: 4364: 4361: 4357: 4356:Philipot 1776 4352: 4349: 4346:, p. 36. 4345: 4341: 4336: 4333: 4329: 4324: 4321: 4317: 4312: 4309: 4305: 4300: 4297: 4293: 4292:Lambarde 1596 4288: 4285: 4281: 4277: 4272: 4269: 4266:Robinson, DNB 4263: 4260: 4256: 4251: 4248: 4244: 4239: 4236: 4232: 4231:Grayling 1903 4227: 4224: 4221:, p. 69. 4220: 4215: 4212: 4208: 4207:Kendrick 1938 4203: 4200: 4196: 4191: 4188: 4184: 4179: 4177: 4173: 4169: 4164: 4161: 4157: 4152: 4149: 4146:, p. 98. 4145: 4140: 4137: 4133: 4129: 4124: 4121: 4117: 4112: 4109: 4105: 4100: 4097: 4092: 4086: 4070: 4066: 4060: 4056: 4051: 4048: 4044: 4039: 4036: 4033:, p. 72. 4032: 4031:Duncombe 1784 4027: 4024: 4020: 4015: 4013: 4011: 4007: 4003: 3998: 3995: 3992:, p. 26. 3991: 3987: 3982: 3979: 3975: 3970: 3967: 3963: 3962:Goodsall 1970 3959: 3955: 3950: 3947: 3943: 3929: 3925: 3919: 3918:Duncombe 1784 3914: 3911: 3907: 3902: 3899: 3895: 3894:Goodsall 1981 3890: 3887: 3883: 3878: 3875: 3871: 3866: 3863: 3859: 3855: 3851: 3846: 3843: 3839: 3834: 3831: 3817: 3813: 3807: 3806:Duncombe 1784 3803: 3802:Rollason 1982 3800:, p. 7; 3799: 3798:Rollason 1979 3794: 3791: 3788:, p. 62. 3787: 3786:Flaherty 1859 3782: 3779: 3775: 3770: 3767: 3764:, p. 85. 3763: 3759: 3758:Duncombe 1784 3754: 3751: 3747: 3742: 3739: 3736:, p. 88. 3735: 3734:Duncombe 1784 3731: 3727: 3723: 3718: 3715: 3709: 3701: 3697: 3693: 3692: 3685: 3684:Duncombe 1784 3681: 3676: 3673: 3669: 3664: 3661: 3657: 3652: 3641:. 22 May 1931 3640: 3639:Dover Express 3635: 3628: 3616: 3611: 3604: 3593:. 2 July 1917 3592: 3587: 3581: 3577: 3573: 3569: 3565: 3561: 3556: 3553: 3549: 3544: 3541: 3537: 3532: 3529: 3525: 3520: 3517: 3514:, p. 19. 3513: 3508: 3506: 3502: 3498: 3494: 3490: 3485: 3482: 3478: 3477:Duncombe 1784 3474: 3469: 3466: 3453: 3449: 3442: 3439: 3435: 3430: 3428: 3424: 3420: 3415: 3413: 3409: 3404: 3398: 3382: 3378: 3371: 3368: 3355: 3351: 3347: 3342: 3338: 3333: 3330: 3327:, p. 21. 3326: 3321: 3318: 3314: 3309: 3307: 3303: 3299: 3294: 3291: 3287: 3282: 3279: 3275: 3270: 3267: 3263: 3258: 3256: 3254: 3250: 3246: 3242: 3238: 3233: 3230: 3217: 3213: 3207: 3204: 3191: 3187: 3181: 3178: 3165: 3161: 3157: 3156:"S 1390" 3152: 3148: 3143: 3140: 3137:, p. 28. 3136: 3132: 3131:Duncombe 1784 3128: 3123: 3120: 3116: 3111: 3108: 3104: 3099: 3096: 3093:, p. 74. 3092: 3088: 3087:Hardwick 1858 3083: 3080: 3077:, p. 81. 3076: 3072: 3067: 3064: 3060: 3056: 3052: 3048: 3043: 3040: 3027: 3023: 3019: 3013: 3010: 3006: 3001: 2998: 2985: 2981: 2977: 2972: 2968: 2964: 2959: 2956: 2953:, p. 81. 2952: 2947: 2944: 2940: 2935: 2932: 2928: 2923: 2921: 2917: 2913: 2908: 2905: 2901: 2896: 2893: 2889: 2884: 2881: 2868: 2864: 2860: 2859:"S 1436" 2855: 2851: 2846: 2843: 2839: 2834: 2831: 2828:, p. 80. 2827: 2823: 2819: 2814: 2811: 2807: 2803: 2798: 2795: 2782: 2778: 2774: 2773:"S 1264" 2768: 2765: 2762:, p. 82. 2761: 2756: 2754: 2752: 2748: 2745:, p. 80. 2744: 2740: 2736: 2731: 2728: 2725:, p. 80. 2724: 2719: 2717: 2715: 2713: 2709: 2705: 2700: 2697: 2693: 2688: 2685: 2681: 2676: 2673: 2660: 2656: 2652: 2646: 2643: 2639: 2634: 2631: 2628:, p. 79. 2627: 2622: 2619: 2613: 2605: 2601: 2597: 2596: 2588: 2585: 2581: 2576: 2574: 2572: 2568: 2555: 2551: 2547: 2533: 2529: 2525: 2524:"S 1612" 2511: 2507: 2503: 2498: 2494: 2489: 2486: 2483:, p. 50. 2482: 2477: 2474: 2471:, p. 76. 2470: 2465: 2462: 2458: 2453: 2450: 2447:, p. 77. 2446: 2442: 2437: 2434: 2431:, p. 74. 2430: 2426: 2421: 2418: 2414: 2409: 2406: 2402: 2397: 2394: 2381: 2377: 2373: 2368: 2363: 2360: 2356: 2351: 2349: 2345: 2341: 2340:Fletcher 1965 2336: 2333: 2329: 2328:Fletcher 1965 2324: 2321: 2318:, p. 26. 2317: 2316:Fletcher 1965 2312: 2310: 2306: 2302: 2297: 2295: 2291: 2287: 2283: 2279: 2274: 2271: 2268:, p. 34. 2267: 2263: 2262:Fletcher 1965 2258: 2255: 2251: 2246: 2243: 2239: 2234: 2232: 2228: 2224: 2219: 2216: 2212: 2208: 2205:, p. 4; 2204: 2199: 2196: 2193:, p. 95. 2192: 2187: 2184: 2180: 2175: 2172: 2168: 2163: 2161: 2159: 2155: 2151: 2147: 2142: 2139: 2136:, p. 71. 2135: 2130: 2127: 2123: 2118: 2115: 2111: 2106: 2103: 2099: 2094: 2091: 2086: 2080: 2064: 2060: 2056: 2051: 2046: 2043: 2039: 2035: 2031: 2030:Fletcher 1965 2027: 2022: 2019: 2016:, p. 74. 2015: 2010: 2007: 2001: 1993: 1989: 1986: 1980: 1977: 1973: 1962: 1959: 1955: 1951: 1945: 1942: 1938: 1934: 1928: 1925: 1921: 1918:According to 1915: 1912: 1907: 1903: 1902:John Whitgift 1897: 1894: 1887: 1884: 1878: 1875: 1871: 1867: 1863: 1857: 1854: 1850: 1844: 1841: 1837: 1833: 1829: 1822: 1819: 1815: 1814:Willesborough 1811: 1805: 1802: 1798: 1797: 1790: 1787: 1783: 1779: 1775: 1771: 1767: 1766:Fletcher 1965 1763: 1758: 1755: 1751: 1745: 1742: 1736: 1733: 1730:, p. 44. 1729: 1725: 1721: 1716: 1715:T.D. Kendrick 1712: 1708: 1704: 1700: 1696: 1695: 1690: 1689: 1684: 1680: 1676: 1672: 1668: 1664: 1657: 1654: 1650: 1644: 1641: 1637: 1633: 1629: 1624: 1618: 1615: 1611: 1610:Duncombe 1784 1605: 1602: 1598: 1592: 1589: 1585: 1581: 1577: 1572: 1566: 1563: 1557: 1554: 1548: 1545: 1539: 1536: 1531: 1526: 1522: 1518: 1512: 1509: 1505: 1501: 1497: 1493: 1488: 1484: 1480: 1476: 1469: 1466: 1462: 1455: 1452: 1448: 1444: 1440: 1434: 1431: 1427: 1423: 1417: 1414: 1410: 1406: 1400: 1397: 1391: 1388: 1384: 1377: 1374: 1370: 1366: 1362: 1359:According to 1356: 1353: 1349: 1345: 1341: 1337: 1333: 1329: 1325: 1319: 1316: 1312: 1306: 1303: 1297: 1294: 1287: 1284: 1280: 1276: 1272: 1268: 1261: 1258: 1254: 1245: 1241: 1238:According to 1235: 1232: 1228: 1224: 1220: 1216: 1212: 1211: 1204: 1201: 1194: 1189: 1187: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1172: 1169:and his wife 1168: 1164: 1160: 1152: 1148: 1143: 1134: 1132: 1127: 1126:Christ Church 1123: 1119: 1113: 1111: 1107: 1101: 1099: 1095: 1091: 1090:Early English 1087: 1086: 1085:opus signinum 1076: 1072: 1062: 1055: 1053: 1051: 1047: 1043: 1039: 1038:Trinity House 1034: 1030: 1026: 1022: 1018: 1014: 1002: 993: 985: 981: 979: 974: 972: 968: 963: 959: 955: 946: 944: 942: 941: 936: 931: 926: 924: 918: 914: 910: 900: 891: 884: 882: 871: 867: 865: 861: 860:wall painting 857: 853: 849: 845: 840: 828: 819: 811: 807: 805: 801: 797: 796:ring of bells 793: 789: 785: 781: 777: 773: 764: 759: 757: 755: 750: 746: 742: 738: 734: 730: 726: 722: 718: 717: 712: 707: 705: 701: 697: 693: 689: 685: 680: 676: 675:Domesday Book 672: 667: 665: 661: 657: 652: 648: 644: 640: 636: 635:Thomas Elmham 632: 623: 619: 615: 611: 610:Thomas Elmham 607: 602: 595: 593: 591: 587: 583: 579: 574: 570: 566: 561: 557: 553: 549: 545: 540: 538: 537: 532: 528: 523: 519: 514: 510: 506: 502: 498: 494: 481: 477: 472: 468: 466: 462: 458: 453: 449: 445: 441: 437: 432: 430: 426: 422: 410: 405: 403: 399: 395: 391: 388:, across the 387: 383: 379: 375: 367: 361: 357: 355: 351: 350:Syrian Church 346: 342: 338: 334: 330: 326: 325:Pas-de-Calais 322: 318: 314: 311: 307: 303: 302: 292: 285: 282: 277: 270: 268: 264: 260: 256: 252: 248: 244: 241: 237: 233: 229: 225: 224: 219: 211: 207: 204: 200: 195: 188: 186: 184: 180: 177: 173: 169: 164: 160: 156: 152: 147: 143: 142:Trinity House 138: 136: 132: 128: 124: 121: 117: 112: 110: 109:parish church 106: 105:Domesday Book 102: 98: 94: 90: 86: 82: 77: 73: 69: 65: 61: 57: 53: 49: 41: 37: 33: 19: 7816: 7784: 7767: 7749: 7728: 7710: 7692: 7674: 7671:Williams, A. 7654: 7642:, retrieved 7622: 7618: 7600:, retrieved 7580: 7576: 7545: 7541: 7524: 7504: 7488: 7484: 7462: 7446: 7442: 7422: 7402: 7382: 7358: 7339: 7315: 7312:Archaeologia 7311: 7300:, retrieved 7283: 7265:, retrieved 7248: 7225: 7221: 7206:, retrieved 7189: 7166: 7145: 7125: 7121:Lambarde, W. 7097: 7094:Archaeologia 7093: 7075: 7058: 7036: 7008: 7004: 6980: 6976: 6965:, retrieved 6949: 6916: 6912: 6901:, retrieved 6884: 6880: 6865:, retrieved 6858:the original 6845: 6841: 6817: 6799: 6781: 6762: 6751:, retrieved 6727: 6712:, retrieved 6691: 6669:, retrieved 6651: 6629: 6612: 6595: 6591: 6576:, retrieved 6559: 6555: 6535: 6519: 6503: 6494: 6476: 6458: 6442: 6438: 6420: 6402: 6387:, Batsford, 6384: 6366: 6349: 6331: 6319:, retrieved 6299: 6274: 6270: 6259:, retrieved 6239: 6235: 6210: 6193: 6174: 6157: 6149:Duncombe, J. 6133: 6129: 6108: 6084: 6080: 6059: 6047:, retrieved 6027: 6023: 6000: 5982: 5971:, retrieved 5955: 5936: 5920:(2): 204–5, 5917: 5913: 5891: 5851: 5847: 5826: 5808: 5787: 5765: 5745: 5733:, retrieved 5729:the original 5723: 5706: 5690: 5686: 5666: 5662: 5642: 5638: 5626:Bibliography 5612:. 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Peers: 1010: 999: 975: 967:casting vote 950: 938: 935:churchwarden 930:John Pridden 927: 905: 879: 869: 842:Anglo-Saxon 836: 825: 768: 715: 708: 702:and 25 668: 655: 627: 541: 535: 489: 460: 433: 420: 418: 407: 371: 299: 297: 290: 280: 275: 272: 251:North Africa 221: 215: 139: 113: 47: 46: 36: 7806: / 7677:, Penguin, 7375:Pridden, J. 7241:Neilson, N. 7218:"Mr. Urban" 7163:Levison, W. 7142:Lapidge, M. 7078:, Granada, 7062:, Methuen, 7011:(1): 3–28, 6153:Nichols, J. 6104:Dugdale, W. 6077:"Mr. Urban" 5933:Wormald, P. 5910:"Mr. Urban" 5772:, Penguin, 5645:: 97–10 4, 5319:Jessup 1936 5176:Holman 1870 5152:Hussey 1902 5140:Dowker 1878 5128:Dowker 1878 5097:Taylor 1968 5093:Dowker 1878 5081:Dowker 1878 5004:Jessup 1936 4940:Dowker 1878 4905:Jessup 1936 4790:Cozens 1809 4729:Jessup 1936 4674:Cozens 1809 4618:Jessup 1936 4602:Harris 2001 4575:Cozens 1809 4483:Taylor 1808 4344:Harris 2001 4304:Jessup 1936 4280:Jessup 1936 4276:Hearne 1711 4257:, Plate IX. 4128:Cherry 1981 4104:Jessup 1936 4055:Dowker 1878 4019:Hearne 1711 4002:Graham 1944 3954:Furley 1874 3906:Hussey 1902 3870:Dowker 1878 3854:Jessup 1936 3850:Hasted 1800 3838:Jessup 1936 3822:19 November 3774:Dowker 1878 3762:Hussey 1917 3726:Jessup 1936 3680:Clinch 1918 3668:Clinch 1918 3572:Hussey 1902 3564:Hasted 1800 3560:Graham 1944 3493:Hasted 1800 3473:Hasted 1800 3434:Graham 1944 3419:Graham 1944 3298:Flight 2010 3286:Flight 2010 3274:Flight 2010 3241:Brooks 1984 3115:Brooks 1984 3091:Cotton 1929 3071:Brooks 1984 3055:Brooks 1984 3051:Brooks 1979 3005:Brooks 1984 2963:Brooks 1984 2939:Brooks 1984 2927:Brooks 1984 2912:Brooks 1984 2900:Brooks 1984 2888:Brooks 1984 2850:Brooks 1984 2838:Brooks 1984 2818:Brooks 1984 2787:25 November 2735:Brooks 1984 2651:"S 12" 2546:"S 38" 2502:"S 31" 2481:Farmer 1992 2441:Brooks 1984 2301:Cherry 1981 2266:Harris 2001 2223:Brooks 1984 2211:Brooks 1984 2167:Hasted 1800 1972:Ford Palace 1954:Dowker 1878 1937:Jessup 1936 1849:Witney 1982 1810:Staplehurst 1762:Taylor 1968 1750:Dowker 1878 1699:Saxon Shore 1671:West Sussex 1475:Flight 2010 1443:Brooks 1984 1385:of a king." 1348:Glover 1976 1336:Eadberht II 1240:Hasted 1800 1215:Hussey 1852 1056:Archaeology 958:John Rennie 954:Thomas Page 947:Destruction 923:Hillborough 866:: this was 864:gospel book 804:John Leland 765:Enlargement 721:Nicholas IV 639:martyrology 590:Chilmington 527:Cwoenthryth 452:Eadberht II 450:, and King 366:Eadberht II 337:Merovingian 281:monasterium 253:, probably 176:Anglo-Saxon 155:Hillborough 131:Middle Ages 76:Eadberht II 7823:Categories 7791:51°22′47″N 7644:17 January 7625:: 107–28, 7520:Taylor, C. 7318:: 241–56, 7267:16 January 6983:: 91–118, 6887:: 77–141, 6785:, Holman, 6723:Hearne, T. 6688:"Reculver" 6647:Hasted, E. 6136:: 248–68, 6030:: 169–70, 5844:Brooks, N. 5464:Peers 1927 5419:Kelly 2008 5415:Gough 1983 5399:Kelly 2008 5383:Kelly 2008 5367:Peers 1927 5355:Kelly 2008 5331:Philp 2005 5315:Peers 1927 5291:Peers 1927 5279:Peers 1927 5232:Peers 1927 5164:Anon. 1999 5069:Peers 1927 4798:Anon. 1856 4678:Anon. 1856 4626:Kelly 2008 4579:Anon. 1856 4552:Gough 1995 4537:Gough 1995 4525:Gough 1983 4510:Gough 1983 4498:Anon. 1808 4467:Gough 2014 4463:Gough 2001 4459:Anon. 1808 4455:Gough 1983 4443:Anon. 2011 4439:Anon. 1808 4411:Anon. 1808 4407:Gough 2014 4340:Kelly 2008 4328:Gough 2014 4316:Gough 2002 4219:Kelly 2008 4195:Henig 2008 4183:Henig 2008 4168:Kelly 2008 4132:Kelly 2008 4116:Kelly 2008 4059:Peers 1927 4043:Peers 1927 3986:Gough 2014 3858:Anon. 1791 3722:Peers 1927 3710:required.) 3656:Gough 1995 3610:"Reculver" 3568:Lewis 1848 3536:Gough 1992 3524:Jones 2007 3512:Gough 1984 3489:Gough 1992 3341:Kelly 2008 3337:Gough 1992 3325:Eales 1992 3245:Gough 1992 3237:Kelly 2008 3222:4 February 3196:4 February 3151:Kelly 2008 3147:Blair 2005 3103:Blair 2005 3075:Kelly 2008 3047:Kelly 2008 3032:8 February 2971:Kelly 2008 2967:Gough 1992 2951:Kelly 2008 2854:Yorke 2003 2826:Kelly 2008 2822:Blair 2005 2802:Yorke 1990 2760:Kelly 2008 2743:Kelly 2008 2739:Yorke 1990 2723:Kelly 2008 2704:Blair 2005 2665:21 January 2638:Kelly 2008 2626:Kelly 2008 2614:required.) 2580:Kelly 2008 2497:Kelly 2008 2469:Kelly 2008 2445:Kelly 2008 2429:Kelly 2008 2425:Blair 2005 2413:Kelly 2008 2372:"S 8" 2367:Kelly 2008 2355:Peers 1927 2286:Blagg 1981 2250:Philp 2005 2238:Blair 1999 2207:Kelly 2008 2203:Kelly 1992 2191:Blair 2005 2179:Kelly 2008 2146:Kelly 2008 2134:Kelly 2008 2122:Kelly 2008 2098:Kelly 2008 2050:Earle 1865 2038:Kelly 2008 2014:Kelly 2008 1933:Peers 1927 1920:Kelly 2008 1870:Badlesmere 1866:Gough 1995 1836:Blair 1999 1778:Gough 2014 1770:Kelly 2008 1679:Fishbourne 1675:Chichester 1636:Peers 1927 1580:Rural Dean 1578:status of 1530:TR23316797 1439:Kelly 2008 1332:Kelly 2008 1244:Kelly 2008 1190:References 1175:John Watts 1163:Parramatta 1046:wind vanes 839:high cross 749:chapelries 457:High Weald 163:high cross 7794:1°11′58″E 7752:, Seaby, 7746:Yorke, B. 7664:867433157 7631:0066-5894 7589:0066-5894 7583:: 19–28, 7562:0066-5983 7548:: 291–6, 7507:, Stock, 7491:: 22–32, 7455:0066-5894 7411:2043-2992 7391:728419767 7332:0261-3409 7234:2043-2992 7228:: 801–2, 7182:Lewis, S. 7135:606507630 7123:(1596) , 7114:0261-3409 7100:: 67–94, 7068:316335965 7025:0963-9462 6997:0076-6097 6941:246044669 6933:0003-598X 6913:Antiquity 6893:0066-5894 6854:0066-5894 6848:: 11–56, 6809:755071035 6791:874806525 6740:642395517 6661:367530442 6598:: 253–6, 6568:0066-5894 6544:0023-0014 6528:0023-0014 6512:0023-0014 6451:0066-5894 6445:: 133–8, 6291:0076-6097 6277:: 16–31, 6248:0066-5894 6242:: 49–64, 6167:475730544 6142:0066-5894 6118:222915178 6093:2043-2992 6087:: 906–8, 6036:0066-5894 5926:2043-2992 5884:159670976 5868:0080-4401 5805:Blair, J. 5764:(1968) , 5755:505035666 5715:0023-0014 5699:2043-2992 5693:: 313–8, 5488:Ward 2008 5476:Ward 2008 5071:, fig. 4. 5057:Hunt 2011 4717:Kerr 1982 4622:Kerr 1982 4144:Jope 1964 3135:Ward 1946 3059:Kerr 1982 2680:Ward 1946 2493:Page 1926 2457:Bede 1968 2110:Bede 1968 2034:Page 1926 1697:in other 1623:Davington 1521:watermill 1369:curtilage 1361:Ward 1946 1340:Ward 1946 1195:Footnotes 1171:Elizabeth 1122:cloisters 1021:sculpture 978:gunpowder 965:used his 788:Edward VI 696:salt pans 684:Maidstone 671:baptismal 651:East Kent 556:Æthelwulf 550:and King 444:Sheldwich 394:Berhtwald 374:Hlothhere 345:transepts 333:Byzantine 323:, in the 317:limestone 301:Regulbium 263:monastery 255:Cyrenaica 234:, now in 206:Berhtwald 199:Hlothhere 183:sculpture 56:monastery 7748:(1990), 7635:archived 7593:archived 7513:12772194 7497:10476522 7449:: 7–17, 7432:27084170 7420:(1850), 7377:(1787), 7296:archived 7278:(1926), 7276:Page, W. 7261:archived 7243:(1932), 7202:archived 7184:(1848), 7165:(1946), 7056:(1938), 6967:21 April 6958:archived 6897:archived 6744:archived 6725:(1711), 6708:archived 6686:(1932), 6665:archived 6649:(1800), 6604:10476522 6572:archived 6562:: 1–12, 6369:, Dent, 6341:55555194 6315:archived 6252:archived 6203:10565546 6040:archived 5973:21 April 5964:archived 5854:: 1–20, 5735:21 April 5614:21 April 5595:cite web 5579:Archived 5552:Archived 5527:cite web 5511:Archived 5445:cite web 5429:Archived 5038:cite web 5022:Archived 4989:21 April 4963:21 April 4808:Archived 4755:cite web 4739:Archived 4696:Archived 4655:cite web 4639:Archived 4589:Archived 4395:Mot 1809 4085:cite web 4069:Archived 3928:Archived 3816:Archived 3452:Archived 3397:cite web 3381:Archived 3354:Archived 3216:Archived 3212:"S 1467" 3164:Archived 3026:Archived 2984:Archived 2867:Archived 2781:Archived 2659:Archived 2554:Archived 2532:Archived 2510:Archived 2380:Archived 2079:cite web 2063:Archived 1688:Rutupiae 1584:Edward I 1576:peculiar 1183:Anglican 1131:St James 1013:exemplar 1004:— 873:— 830:— 719:of Pope 711:benefice 700:villeins 692:Sandwich 664:Flemings 656:Wenredus 548:Ceolnoth 539:in 825. 536:Clofesho 478:and the 448:Fordwich 412:— 354:rendered 341:porticus 321:Marquise 287:— 228:Theodore 172:exemplar 146:landmark 127:porticus 64:Reculver 62:fort at 7534:7687961 7368:5469820 7292:9243447 7257:9243447 7198:7705743 6827:5134070 6622:1928519 6359:4904490 6155:(ed.), 6069:4107830 6009:1210686 5876:3679110 5675:7687961 5651:7676735 1517:peasant 1500:Nortone 1496:Charing 1487:Nortone 1479:Nortone 1461:Lyminge 1405:Eadgifu 1383:wergild 1365:Lyminge 1281:, Kent. 1279:Lyminge 1253:Wilfrid 1042:groynes 1001:ground. 894:stands. 885:Decline 784:chantry 776:lancets 716:Taxatio 704:bordars 688:borough 643:Margate 565:Lyminge 522:Eynsham 513:Leo III 501:Wulfred 480:chancel 421:civitas 398:charter 313:chancel 310:apsidal 276:familia 259:minster 249:, from 243:Hadrian 230:, from 189:Origins 159:Margate 135:erosion 123:chancel 120:apsidal 118:and an 52:minster 7774: 7756: 7735: 7717: 7699: 7681: 7662: 7629: 7587: 7560: 7532: 7511: 7495: 7469: 7453: 7430: 7409: 7389: 7366: 7346: 7330: 7302:17 May 7290: 7255: 7232: 7208:17 May 7196: 7175:381275 7173: 7152: 7133: 7112: 7082: 7066: 7043: 7023: 6995: 6939: 6931: 6903:17 May 6891: 6867:17 May 6852: 6825: 6807: 6789: 6769: 6753:17 May 6738: 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