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55:, mass transfer rates, diffusion and chemical kinetics, which poses a great challenge for design and synthesis of these systems. Side reactors, where a separate column feeds a reactor and vice versa, are better for some reactions, if the optimal conditions of distillation and reaction differ too much.
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Removing organic acids from aqueous alcohol (ethanol, isopropanol) in dewatering columns is a simple example. An aqueous base (NaOH, KOH) is added to the top of the column, acid-base reactions occur in the column, and the resulting organic salts and excess base exit the bottom of the column with the
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in nature. Hence, in a typical reactive distillation column that consists of both reactive and non-reactive zones, the heterogeneous azeotrope or a composition close to the azeotrope can be obtained as the distillate product. Moreover, the aqueous phase that forms after the condensation of the vapor
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is almost pure water. Depending on the requirement either of the phases can be withdrawn as a product and the other phase can be recycled back as reflux. The pure ester i.e. butyl acetate, being the least volatile component in the system, is realized as a bottom product.
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reactions. Conversion can be increased beyond what is expected by the equilibrium due to the continuous removal of reaction products from the reactive zone. This approach can also reduce capital and investment costs.
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Scott D. Barnicki "Synthetic
Organic Chemicals" in Handbook of Industrial Chemistry and Biotechnology edited by James A. Kent, New York : Springer, 2012. 12th ed.
51:, since the reactive column combines these. The introduction of an in situ separation process in the reaction zone or vice versa leads to complex interactions between
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step which saves energy (for heating) and materials. This technique can be useful for equilibrium-limited reactions such as
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Another interesting feature of this system is that it is associated with the formation of a minimum boiling ternary
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Reactive distillation can be used with a wide variety of chemistries, including the following:
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27:. Separation of the product from the reaction mixture does not need a separate
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The conditions in the reactive column are suboptimal both as a
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198:Elements of Chemical Reaction Engineering
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170:of ester, alcohol and water, which is
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196:Fogler, H. Scott (2002). "4".
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386:Spinning band distillation
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315:Vapor–liquid equilibrium
143:with alcohols including
53:vapor–liquid equilibrium
345:Continuous distillation
19:is a process where the
139:The esterification of
130:of light oil fractions
17:Reactive distillation
350:Fractionating column
333:Industrial processes
300:McCabe–Thiele method
128:Hydrodesulfurization
59:Applicable Processes
123:Transesterification
49:distillation column
364:Laboratory methods
340:Batch distillation
73:Aldol condensation
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381:Rotary evaporator
305:Theoretical plate
226:978-1-4614-4259-2
179:separated water.
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310:Partial pressure
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45:chemical reactor
21:chemical reactor
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473:Distillation
452:Vacuum-based
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285:Dalton's law
280:Raoult's law
266:Distillation
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161:amyl alcohol
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29:distillation
23:is also the
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447:Steam-based
442:Salt-effect
417:Destructive
141:acetic acid
88:Dehydration
68:Acetylation
432:Fractional
427:Extractive
407:Azeotropic
400:Techniques
273:Principles
183:References
157:isobutanol
103:Hydrolysis
78:Alkylation
37:hydrolysis
35:and ester
412:Catalytic
376:Kugelrohr
168:azeotrope
149:n-butanol
83:Amination
47:and as a
467:Category
437:Reactive
145:methanol
135:Examples
371:Alembic
153:ethanol
290:Reflux
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159:, and
391:Still
25:still
222:ISBN
202:ISBN
422:Dry
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