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The original RST required participants to read series of unconnected sentences aloud and to remember the final word of each sentence of a series (grouped according to the total number of sentences). With each sentence presented on a card, participants were cued to recall the memorized end-of-sentence
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The reading span task was the first instance of the family of "complex span" tasks (as opposed to "simple span" tasks). It is a complex verbal test because it draws upon both storage and processing (i.e., reading) elements of working memory, while simple verbal tests (e.g., word span) require the
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Besides the "listening span" variant also developed by
Daneman and Carpenter, several variants have been developed in recent years based upon the RST. Van den Noort et al. created a computerized version of the test, which, when tested among four different languages (Dutch, English, German, and
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Daneman and
Carpenter found that reading span was much more strongly related to reading comprehension than word span. Later research corroborated the finding that reading span is more closely related to language comprehension than word span.
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words in their original order by a blank card at the end of a series. The number of sentences of a series was incrementally increased until a participant's reading span, or the maximum number of final words correctly recalled, was found.
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Norwegian), was shown to meet strict methodological criteria of the original RST and yielded similar results. This allowed direct comparisons of RST results to be made across different language groups.
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van den Noort, Maurits; Bosch, Peggy; Haverkort, Marco; Hugdahl, Kenneth (January 21, 2008). "A Standard
Computerized Version of the Reading Span Test in Different Languages".
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Kondo, H., & Osaka, N. (2004). Effect of concreteness of target word on verbal working memory: An evaluation using
Japanese version of reading span test.
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Desmette, D., Hupet, M., Schelstraete, M.A., & Van der Linden, M. (1995). Adaptation en langue française du "Reading Span Test" de
Daneman et Carpenter.
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Payne, J.S., & Whitney, P.J. (2002). Developing L2 oral proficiency through synchronous CMC: Output, working memory, and interlanguage development.
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Daneman, M., & Merikle, P. M. (1996). Working memory and language comprehension: a meta-analysis. Psychonomic
Bulletin & Review, 3, 422–433.
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In an attempt to formulate a standardized version of the RST, numerous problems with both the original and variants have been critically examined.
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Whitney, P., Arnett, P.A., Driver, A., & Budd, D. (2001). Measuring central executive functioning: What's in a reading span?.
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Whitney, P., Ritchie, B.G., & Clark, M.B. (1991). Working memory capacity and the use of inferences in text comprehension.
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Lobley, K.J., Baddeley, A.D., & Gathercole, S.E. (2005). Phonological similarity effects in verbal complex span.
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LaPointe, L.B., & Engle, R.W. (1990). Simple and complex word spans as measures of working memory capacity.
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Daneman, M., & Carpenter, P. A. (1980). Individual differences in working memory and reading.
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259:"A Standard Computerized Version of the Reading Span Test in Different Languages"
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van den Noort, Maurits; Bosch, Peggy; Haverkort, Marco; Hugdahl, Kenneth (2008).
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Journal of
Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition
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task widely cited in, and adapted for, investigations of
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A reading-span task variant implemented using flash.
139:The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology
126:Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior
62:in 1980. It is a verbal working memory test.
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290:European Journal of Psychological Assessment
263:European Journal of Psychological Assessment
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173:Japanese Journal of Psychology
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54:that was first published by
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27:Verbal working memory test
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80:storage element alone.
156:L'Année Psychologique
52:reading comprehension
48:cognitive processing
241:Brain and Cognition
224:Discourse Processes
60:Patricia Carpenter
335:Reading (process)
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32:reading span task
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18:Reading span
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324:Categories
230:, 133–145.
162:, 459–482.
110:References
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179:, 51–56.
101:Findings
93:Problems
84:Variants
71:Original
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66:Task
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30:The
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