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1. Fraud inducing obligor to sign instrument without a reasonable opportunity to learn of its fraudulent character or essential terms (also known as “(fraud in the factum”); this depends upon consideration of “all relevant factors”;
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10. statute of limitation (generally 3 years after dishonor of a draft or 6 years after demand or other due date on a note).
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9. a suretyship defense, such as the holder knew an indorser was signing as a surety or accommodation party;
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8. discharge of obligor in insolvency proceedings, or any discharge known to the HDC;
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4. material alteration of the instrument, such as the amount;
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3. adjudicated insanity which renders the instrument void;
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5. infancy which renders the instrument voidable or void;
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is a justification for a maker or drawer not to honor a
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Ten types of real defenses depending upon state law
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187:"§ 3-305. Defenses and Claims in Recoupment"
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