31:
252:
409:, the author "delves into the minds of her characters to reveal the psychological wounds they have suffered under patriarchy and dictatorship and their determination to heal the society. ... The narrator presents the destruction of the resourcefulness of women in the traditional African societies by modern regimes and points to ways women's power can be restored through the demolition of class hierarchies."
335:
responds by trying to assert authority in the relationship by beating Selina. As she becomes more isolated, Selina turns her sexual desires towards Gikere's younger sister, Gaciru. She experiences a mental breakdown and tries to hang herself, before strangling Gaciru in her sleep. The novel ends with Selina as a "stray woman" wandering the countryside.
399:
is described by Alex
Wanjala as a quasi-autobiographical novel that brings together elements of social realism and the supernatural. He views the novel as Njau's attempt to expose the malaise in contemporary Kenyan society and its roots in patriarchal relations that stem from both the pre-colonial
334:
The novel tells the story of Selina, a prostitute living in the city who is a modern, independent woman. She decides to marry a younger lover, Gikere, and they move to his village. Selina miscarries and Gikere's mother, who had little respect for her already, calls her "an infertile witch". Gikere
290:
regards as a "brutal custom". She advocates for alternative forms of initiation that can empower girls. Mariana is opposed by other women, who claim to be acting on behalf of the community's elders. The play ends with
Mariana being shamed for having an illegitimate child and losing her status.
289:
premiered at the Uganda
National Theatre in 1963 and went on to be performed in Kenya, Ghana, Tanzania and the USA. The play centres on the issue of female genital mutilation. The main character is Mariana, a former prostitute who tries to help girls escape female genital mutilation, which she
228:
She returned to Kenya after graduation to teach at
Alliance, before co-founding Nairobi Girls School in 1964. She married Elimo Njau, an artist from Tanzania. Njau's teaching career came to an end in 1968, and she and her husband then became increasingly involved with the Paa Ya Paa Gallery in
191:
It was interesting for us, especially in our home, because we were surrounded by people we would call primitive. They circumcised their girls. In our home my parents were
Christians. It's like we lived in two countries because we were separated by traditions. We had nothing to do with one
301:
377:
372:
is considered the first Kenyan novel, and for many the first
African novel, to both portray lesbian relationships and treat lesbianism sensitively. The author reported that readers believed that it "wasn't her" because of its subject
463:, Rebeka Njau is a very important writer in Kenya.... She addresses issues that affect women directly and then demonstrates how women's issues are symptomatic of a malaise in the larger Kenyan society." According to John Mugubi of
204:
She was such a brave woman and Mau Mau wanted to kill her. They changed —I don't know why. They came to kill her but then on second thought, just before they neared our home, they went back.
1570:
1219:
Mbughuni, L.A. (1976). "Old and new drama from East Africa: a review of the works of four contemporary dramatists: Rebecca Njau, Ebrahim
Hussein, Peninah Muhando and Ngugi".
147:; born 15 December 1932) was Kenya's first female playwright and a pioneer in the representation of African women in literature. Her writing has addressed topics such as
1739:
467:, "The uniqueness and power of Rebeka's style cannot be understated. She has a penchant for subversion of literary conventions in order to drive points home."
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Her son, Morille Njau, is an artist and a consultant based in the UK and her daughter Hana Njau-Okolo is a poet, and published author who lives and works in
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Educational Books East Africa, to see if the novel could be republished. A subedited edition appeared in the
African Writers Series in 1978.
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At least one reviewer was left confused by the rapid shifts in plot and point of view, but writing in 1982 Frank
Birbalsingh concludes:
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233:, the magazine of the National Council of Churches in Kenya. Njau separated from husband in 1983, and she published her memoirs,
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Her earliest works appeared under the name "Rebecca Njau", and she had also published using the pseudonym "Marina Gashe".
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by TransAfrica Press in 1975. TransAfrica went bankrupt shortly afterwards, and Njau contacted Henry
Chakava, editor of
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342:"...it is clear that Njau is continuing the tradition of social realism, established in the modern African novel by
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441:(1984), which records the overlooked historical contribution of women. Njau is included in the anthology
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Africa: Rivista trimestrale di studi e documentazione dell'Istituto italiano per l'Africa e l'Oriente
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a one-act play, is considered the first play written by a Kenyan woman when it appeared in
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Her mother's stance against female genital mutilation bought her into contact with the
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Africa Writes Back: The African Writers Series and the Launch of African Literature
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In 1964, Njau won a prize in an East African novel competition with her manuscript
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589:(Transition, 1963; republished by Kibo Art Gallery in 1965; Books Horizon, 2019)
484:(TransAfrica Press, 1975; republished by Heinemann in 1978 as number 203 in the
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1020:"Binyavanga Wainaina's Narrative of the IMF-generation as Development Critique"
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883:"Where were the women? East African writing and the 1962 Makerere Conference"
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A History of Kenyan Theatre: The Intersections between Culture and Politics
1123:
1205:
The challenge of feminism in Kenya : towards an Afrocentric worldview
1392:"Out in Africa: Queer Desire in Some Anthropological and Literary Texts1"
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journal in March 1963. It was republished in 1965 by Kibo Art Gallery in
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828:"Ngugi's Colonial Education: 'The Subversion...of the African Mind'"
141:
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The Columbia Guide to East African Literature in English Since 1945
843:
375:
361:, and made politically significant in the most recent writings of
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250:
641:
Who's who in African Literature: Biographies, Works, Commentaries
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His banner over me is love : the dreams of an African woman
492:
by Joke Schretlen and published by Dekker, 1988). Extracted in
297:, was performed before being banned by the Ugandan government.
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Writing Madness: Borderlines of the Body in African Literature
1109:
Twenty Contemporary African Women Writers: A Bio-Bibliography
1644:"In Rebeka Njau lives pioneering spirit of Kenyan womanhood"
1669:
Alex Wanjala, "Orality in Rebecca Njau's The Sacred Seed",
437:(1977), a reworking of traditional oral narratives, and of
417:
Njau, under the pseudonym Marina Gashe, published a poem,
746:"Remembering the past and reflecting on Kenya's present"
697:"Remembering the past and reflecting on Kenya's present"
1484:"A Preliminary Checklist of East African Women Writers"
323:. Following substantial revisions, it was published as
424:
In 1964, she published a short story called "Muma" in
16:
Kenyan educator, writer and textile artist (born 1932)
1566:"The Life-Story in Kenya: A Bibliography (1920-1984)"
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in Kampala. While at Makerere, she attended the 1962
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116:
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87:
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1124:"Kibo Art Gallery collection | Collection | SOVA"
430:50, although there is confusion over authorship.
175:Rebeka Njau was born in 1932 in the village of
1685:"Author to bare it all in memoir coming soon"
1609:"Author to bare it all in memoir coming soon"
1197:
1195:
1001:"Author to bare it all in memoir coming soon"
621:(with Gideon Mulaki; Risk Publications, 1984)
549:"The Village" (credited as Mrs Elimo Njau in
8:
668:The Cambridge Guide to Literature in English
559:The Heinemann book of African Women's Poetry
1429:"Orality in Rebecca Njau's The Sacred Seed"
1167:
1165:
1163:
619:Kenya Women Heroes and their Mystical Power
439:Kenya Women Heroes and their Mystical Power
395:Njau's second novel was published in 2003.
943:"Kenya: Rebeka Njau Art Exhibition (1970)"
213:Njau was one of only 14 girls admitted to
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18:
1603:
1601:
1378:Who's Who in Contemporary Women's Writing
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994:
992:
990:
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761:
712:
1691:, 16 February 2013 (includes interview).
1376:Wilentz, Gay, in Jane Eldridge Miller's
1272:. Oxford: James Currey. pp. 136–40.
217:in its inaugural year, before attending
1740:Kenyan women dramatists and playwrights
630:
801:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p.
155:(1975), appeared as number 203 in the
1247:. Oxford: James Currey. p. 107.
1238:
1236:
1145:
1143:
644:. Horst Erdmann Verlag. p. 261.
7:
1172:Gikandi, Simon; Evan Mwangi (2013).
744:Njau, Rebeka; Odhiambo, Tom (2021).
695:Njau, Rebeka; Odhiambo, Tom (2021).
690:
688:
557:, 1963; credited as Marina Gashe in
151:and homosexuality. Her first novel,
1336:Canadian Journal of African Studies
1024:Journal of African Cultural Studies
358:The Beautyful Ones are not yet Born
1208:(phd thesis). University of Leeds.
1156:(phd thesis). University of Leeds.
14:
1735:Kenyan dramatists and playwrights
1725:20th-century pseudonymous writers
1710:20th-century Kenyan women writers
1202:Kuria, John Mike Muthari (2001).
229:Nairobi, before going on to edit
1730:20th-century short story writers
1482:Matzke, Christine (1996-04-26).
1150:Komu, Rose Wangui (2016-10-31).
999:Evan Mwangi (16 February 2013).
486:Heinemann African Writers Series
293:In 1964, a second play by Njau,
157:Heinemann African Writers Series
1628:The Hypocrite and Other Stories
1332:"Review of Ripples in the Pool"
1285:"Review of Ripples in the Pool"
907:Muchiri, Mary Nyambura (2006).
572:The Hypocrite and other stories
435:The Hypocrite and other Stories
283:, which was run by Elimo Njau.
968:"Elimo Njau: My art, my world"
881:Adima, Anna (18 August 2020).
586:The Scar: A Tragedy in One Act
1:
1390:Zabus, Chantal (2009-07-22).
1283:Bruner, Charlotte H. (1980).
1033:10.1080/13696815.2021.1976118
502:, London: Jonathan Cape, 1992
459:Alex Wanjala has said: "Like
1642:Odhiambo, Tom (2019-09-14).
1564:Pugliese, Cristiana (1986).
1396:Comparative Critical Studies
1018:Kopf, Martina (2021-10-04).
244:. Her nephew was the author
1715:20th-century Kenyan writers
1330:Birbalsingh, Frank (1982).
913:. AuthorHouse. p. 68.
488:; translated into Dutch as
219:Makerere University College
120:Elimo Njau (separated 1983)
92:Makerere University College
1786:
1770:Pseudonymous women writers
1461:10.2979/globalsouth.5.2.93
1445:10.2979/globalsouth.5.2.93
433:She is also the author of
223:African Writers Conference
215:Alliance Girls High School
82:Alliance Girls High School
73:Rebecca Njau; Marina Gashe
1607:Quoted by Evan Mwangi in
1496:10.1163/18757421-90000188
1408:10.3366/e1744185409000731
1268:Veit-Wild, Flora (2006).
826:Sicherman, Carol (1995).
149:female genital mutilation
28:
1222:African Literature Today
1106:Jones, Wilma L. (1995).
750:Tydskrif vir Letterkunde
701:Tydskrif vir Letterkunde
531:Vine in the Church-Yard"
763:10.17159/tl.v58i1.10422
714:10.17159/tl.v58i1.10422
566:Short-story collections
551:Poems from Black Africa
321:Alone with the Fig Tree
1755:Kenyan women novelists
1720:20th-century novelists
1535:10.3917/presa.050.0215
1517:Njau, Rebecca (1964).
1490:. 15–16 (1): 201–244.
1427:Wanjala, Alex (2011).
1289:World Literature Today
1243:Currey, James (2008).
1063:Njau, Rebecca (1963).
832:African Studies Review
793:Killam, G. D. (2004).
665:Head, Dominic (2006).
638:Jahn, Janheinz (197).
400:and colonial periods.
384:
367:
308:
259:
206:
194:
1673:, 5:2 (2011), 93–106.
1625:Njau, Rebeka (1977).
608:(Books Horizon, 2019)
508:(Books Horizon, 2003)
379:
340:
303:
254:
202:
189:
797:Literature of Africa
209:Education and career
183:to the northwest of
1615:, 16 February 2013.
1178:. pp. 263–64.
671:. pp. 807–08.
595:(unpublished, 1964)
495:Daughters of Africa
482:Ripples in the Pool
465:Kenyatta University
444:Daughters of Africa
370:Ripples in the Pool
325:Ripples in the Pool
313:Ripples in the Pool
305:Ripples in the Pool
246:Binyavanga Wainaina
153:Ripples in the Pool
129:Binyavanga Wainaina
106:Ripples in the Pool
1760:Kenyan women poets
1523:Présence Africaine
606:Mirrors of my Life
593:In the Round Chain
524:Présence Africaine
490:Rimpels in de poel
455:Critical reception
427:Présence Africaine
385:
309:
295:In the Round Chain
260:
235:Mirrors of My Life
1254:978-1-84701-502-0
887:africainwords.com
613:Other non-fiction
363:Ngugi wa Thiong'o
348:Things Fall Apart
135:
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1745:Kenyan novelists
1689:The Daily Nation
1671:The Global South
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403:In the words of
242:Atlanta, Georgia
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1128:sova.si.edu
419:The Village
413:Other works
237:, in 2019.
138:Rebeka Njau
23:Rebeka Njau
1699:Categories
1653:2022-05-16
1578:(3): 445.
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1133:2022-06-01
1069:Transition
1065:"The Scar"
978:2022-06-02
812:0313319014
678:0521831792
626:References
461:Grace Ogot
276:Transition
171:Early life
49:1932-12-15
1584:0001-9747
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451:, 1992).
421:in 1963.
329:Heinemann
271:The Scar,
177:Kanyariri
166:Biography
125:Relatives
78:Education
59:Kanyariri
1631:. Uzima.
1592:40760028
1551:24348440
1317:40134726
1229:: 85–98.
1026:: 1–17.
344:Achebe's
287:The Scar
264:The Scar
256:The Scar
192:another.
145:Nyanjega
131:(nephew)
108:(1975);
104:(1963);
102:The Scar
70:Pen name
1380:(2001).
1093:2934731
952:15 July
892:15 July
600:Memoirs
561:, 1995)
519:"Muma""
373:matter.
281:Marangu
198:Mau Mau
185:Nairobi
65:, Kenya
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266:(1963)
258:, 1965
231:Target
117:Spouse
112:(2003)
1588:JSTOR
1547:JSTOR
1465:S2CID
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1360:JSTOR
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1089:JSTOR
1046:S2CID
864:S2CID
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579:Plays
544:Poems
447:(ed.
353:Armah
179:, in
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