322:
69:
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49:
663:) using gonads from two washed-up specimens. Compared to adults, the body structure of newly hatched oarfish larvae look more compressed. The larvae often swam using mainly their pectoral fins, facing downward, with their mouths constantly open. The larvae were invertebrates but had bones in their head area, as well as fins. They died of starvation four days after they hatched.
505:(463–492 m or 1,519–1,614 ft). In the 2011 sighting, an oarfish has been observed to switch from swimming with a vertical posture to swimming laterally, using lateral undulations of its entire body. Oarfish were found to have late or slow flight responses towards approaching remotely operated vehicles, supporting the hypothesis that oarfish have few natural predators.
642:, up to six millimetres (0.24 in) across, which are incorporated into the zooplankton. Based on their reproductive morphology, oarfish are thought to batch spawn. Within each breeding season that may last one or two months, individuals spawn once or multiple times in discrete spawning events before their gonads enter a long, regressive stage of reproductive development.
166:
264:
The dorsal fin originates from above the (relatively large) eyes and runs the entire length of the fish. Of the approximately 400 dorsal fin rays, the first 10 to 13 are elongated to varying degrees, forming a trailing crest embellished with reddish spots and flaps of skin at the ray tips. The pelvic
649:
that feed on other zooplankton. The larvae have little resemblance to the adults, with long dorsal and pelvic fins and extensible mouths. Larvae and juveniles have been observed drifting just below the surface. In contrast, adult oarfish are rarely seen at the surface when not sick or injured. It is
555:
was filmed during an encounter with a live oarfish while diving. The oarfish at this location seemed to be using a buoy anchor chain as a guide to ascend to the surface. On his second diving attempt, he was able to film two live oarfish as they ascended relatively close to the surface. Wade was even
406:
ocean layers, ranging from 250 meters (660 ft) to 1,000 meters (3,300 ft) and is rarely seen on the surface. A few have been found still barely alive, but usually if one floats to the surface, it dies due to depressurisation. At the depths the oarfish live, there are few or no currents. As
357:
bone growth has been documented in several specimen of oarfish that have washed up on the coast of
California. Hyperossified pterygiophores have been discovered to run along the entire dorsal length of oarfish. The function of this is to both provide structural support to the spine of oarfish during
337:
The giant oarfish is by far the largest member of the family at a published total length of 8 m (26 ft)—with unconfirmed reports of 11 m (36 ft) and 17 m (56 ft) specimens—and 270 kg (600 lb) in weight. The streamer fish is known to reach 3 m (10 ft)
473:
mode of swimming; that is, rhythmically undulating the dorsal fin while keeping the body itself straight. Perhaps indicating a feeding posture, oarfish have been observed swimming in a vertical orientation, with their long axis perpendicular to the ocean surface. In this posture, the downstreaming
825:
McClain, Craig R.; Balk, Megan A.; Benfield, Mark C.; Branch, Trevor A.; Chen, Catherine; Cosgrove, James; Dove, Alistair D.M.; Gaskins, Leo; Helm, Rebecca R.; Hochberg, Frederick G.; Lee, Frank B.; Marshall, Andrea; McMurray, Steven E.; Schanche, Caroline; Stone, Shane N.; Thaler, Andrew D.
358:
undulations (tail movement used for locomotion) and to remodel spines to prevent stress fractures that could occur from too much movement. It has also been hypothesized that this hyper ossification acts as a lever for the oarfish dorsal fins, which contributes to the organism's
695:
Like the topic of behavior and hunting, scientists know very little about the actual breeding habits of these fish. A single female can produce hundreds of thousands, to millions of eggs. It lays its eggs in the water column and they float freely in the water.
317:
Oarfish coloration is also variable; the flanks are commonly covered with irregular bluish to blackish streaks, black dots, and squiggles. These markings quickly fade following death. It is probable that these markings are bioluminescent in the deep sea.
481:
in the Gulf of Mexico. It is the first ever confirmed sighting of an oarfish at depth, as most specimens are discovered dying at the sea surface or washed ashore. The fish was estimated to be between five and ten metres (16 and 33 ft) in length.
2103:
Kuris, Armand M.; Jaramillo, Alejandra G.; McLaughlin, John P.; Weinstein, Sara B.; Garcia-Vedrenne, Ana E.; Poinar, George O.; Pickering, Maria; Steinauer, Michelle L.; Espinoza, Magaly; Ashford, Jacob E.; Dunn, Gabriela L. P. (February 2015).
671:, researchers were able to qualitatively describe the sexual organs of the species. These studies have shown that female oarfish have bifurcated ovaries containing a cavity through which the eggs pass before leaving the body of the oarfish.
378:, the phylogenetic placement of the Giant Oarfish was further verified. Oarfish are considered Lampriformes (a phylogenetic order), and they have been placed here due to their morphology. However, analysis of the mitochondrial genome of an
233:
is thought to be in reference either to their highly compressed and elongated bodies, or to the now discredited belief that the fish "row" themselves through the water with their pelvic fins. The family name
Regalecidae is derived from the
241:, meaning "royal". Their rarity and large size, along with occasional beachings of oarfish after storms, and their habit of lingering at the surface when sick or dying, make oarfish a probable source of many
666:
In addition to the otolith, recent studies have revealed more information about the reproductive organs of the oarfish. Using photographs, histological cross-sections, and measurements of four samples of
1634:"Five in situ observations of live oarfish Regalecus glesne (Regalecidae) by remotely operated vehicles in the oceanic waters of the northern Gulf of Mexico: in situ observations of regalecus glesne"
1693:
TOYAMA — A rarely seen deep-sea fish regarded as something of a mystery has been giving marine experts food for thought recently after showing up in large numbers along the Sea of Japan coast.
390:
two other
Lampriformes. These three species were clustered together due to similarity in genetic sequence and morphology, which further supports the phylogeny and evolution of Lampriformes.
1586:
Benfield, M.C. (5 June 2013). "Five in situ observations of live oarfish
Regalecus glesne (Regalecidae) by remotely operated vehicles in the oceanic waters of the northern Gulf of Mexico".
683:. The oarfish have two separate, disconnected testes and the left testes observed were longer than the right testes. An analysis of these findings led researchers to conclude that
965:
McClain, Craig R.; Balk, Meghan A.; Benfield, Mark C.; Branch, Trevor A.; Chen, Catherine; Cosgrove, James; Dove, Alistair D.M.; Gaskins, Leo C.; Helm, Rebecca R. (2015-01-13).
366:
for maintaining depth in the water column. It is likely that this lack of a swim bladder forces more frequent tail undulations as the main mode of depth regulation in oarfish.
579:
The fish is often nicknamed the "doomsday fish" because, historically, appearances of the fish were linked with subsequent natural disasters, namely earthquakes or tsunamis.
1507:
The novice angler fishing off the rocks for mackerel thought that she must have hooked a big one. – Unfortunately the oarfish has been cut up into steaks for the pot.
415:
The members of the family are known to have a worldwide range. They have wide, tropical, subtropical, and warm temperate distributions. The oarfish typically reside in the
2166:
1394:
1467:
465:
In 2001, an oarfish was filmed alive in the wild. The 1.5-metre (4.9-foot) fish was spotted by a group of U.S. Navy personnel during the inspection of a buoy in the
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419:
area of the sea. However, human encounters with live oarfish are rare, and distribution information is collated from records of oarfish caught or washed ashore.
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transmission. These conclusions were made based on analysis of the visceral tissue of an oarfish recovered by the
Catalina Island Marine Institute in
2312:
2351:
1924:"First observation of larval oarfish, Regalecus russelii, from fertilized eggs through hatching, following artificial insemination in captivity"
1410:"First observation of larval oarfish, Regalecus russelii, from fertilized eggs through hatching, following artificial insemination in captivity"
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894:
535:
1758:
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are all likely predators of oarfish. It has been observed that oarfish eat by suctioning prey such as plankton blooms while in the water.
427:
Oarfish were first described in 1772. Rare encounters with divers and accidental catches have supplied what little is known of oarfish
252:
and are fished commercially to a minor extent, oarfish are rarely caught alive; their flesh is not well regarded for eating due to its
1378:
717:
438:
An oarfish measuring 3.3 m (11 ft) and 63.5 kg (140 lb) was reported to have been caught in
February 2003 using a
2176:
1371:
Systematics, biology, and distribution of the species of the oceanic oarfish genus
Regalecus (Teleostei, Lampridiformes, Regalecidae)
758:
2436:
1161:
281:. At least one account, from researchers in New Zealand, described the oarfish as giving off "electric shocks" when touched.
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1471:
753:. Peter B. Moyle and Joseph J. Cech, Jr; p. 338. Printed in 2004. Prentice-Hall, Inc.; Upper Saddle River, New Jersey.
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939:
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801:
68:
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1709:
1779:"Anatomy and physiology of the digestive system of the oarfish Regalecus russellii (Lampridiformes: Regalecidae)"
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from July to
December; all species are presumed to not guard their eggs, and release brightly coloured, buoyant
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284:
Like other members of its order, the oarfish has a small yet highly protrusible oblique mouth with no visible
654:
442:
2187:
563:
In
January 2019 two oarfish were found alive in the nets of fishermen on the Japanese island of Okinawa.
2413:
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733:
298:
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1546:
1248:"Presence of repeating hyperostotic bones in dorsal pterygiophores of the oarfish, Regalecus russellii"
1024:
781:
435:. Oarfish are solitary animals and may frequent significant depths up to 1,000 m (3,300 ft).
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2441:
2392:
2286:
2234:
1790:
1645:
1595:
1297:"Complete mitochondrial genome and the phylogenetic position of the giant oarfish (Regalecus glesne)"
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which killed over 20,000 people, many pointed to the oarfish from 2009–2010 to build up this myth.
321:
705:
2141:
2082:
2025:
1814:
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530:, appeared in the waters and on the beaches of Japan, the appearance of which is said to portend
340:
63:
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653:
From
January to February 2019, researchers tested and recorded the first successful instance of
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910:
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are likely batch-spawning fish that produce a large number of offspring every breeding season.
477:
In July 2008, scientists captured footage of an oarfish swimming in its natural habitat in the
347:
In some oarfishes found, end of tails may appear stump-like; this is likely the consequence of
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2017:
2009:
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a result, they build little muscle mass and they cannot survive in shallower turbulent water.
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may be reduced or absent, as well, with the body tapering to a fine point. All fins lack true
200:
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able to touch one of the oarfish with his hand. The oarfish were propelling themselves by an
526:
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beach in 1860: The fish was 16 ft (4.9 m) long and was originally described as a
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557:
494:
470:
289:
278:
2043:
Forsgren, Kristy L.; Jamal, Homam; Barrios, Andrew; Paig-Tran, E.W. Misty (2017-04-22).
1986:
Forsgren, Kristy L.; Jamal, Homam; Barrios, Andrew; Paig-Tran, E.W. Misty (2017-04-22).
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48:
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110:
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1834:"Suction, Ram, and Biting: Deviations and Limitations to the Capture of Aquatic Prey"
1818:
1778:
1295:
Yu, Yue; Peng, Xin; Yang, Can-Min; Chen, Xiao; Chen, Shaobo; Qin, Song (2019-07-03).
777:
639:
624:
542:
212:
170:
147:
56:
2239:
2145:
2252:
1873:
Forsgren, Kristy L.; Jamal, Homam; Barrios, Andrew; Paig-Tran, E. W. Misty (2017).
1187:"Presence of repeating hyperostotic bones in dorsal pterygiophores of the oarfish,
967:"Sizing ocean giants: patterns of intraspecific size variation in marine megafauna"
828:"Sizing ocean giants: patterns of intraspecific size variation in marine megafauna"
450:
363:
354:
266:
120:
1759:'Doomsday fish' found dead in California days before earthquake struck Los Angeles
1312:
2278:
203:
ocean zones to tropical ones, yet rarely seen, the oarfish family contains three
2369:
2325:
2219:
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709:
588:
552:
485:
As part of the SERPENT Project, five observations of apparently healthy oarfish
439:
403:
330:
307:
265:
fins are similarly elongated and adorned, reduced to one to five rays each. The
242:
227:
2210:
1940:
1426:
704:
A recent study concerning the parasitization of this species revealed that the
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600:
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31:
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2013:
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80:
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1967:
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1615:
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1408:
Oka, Shin-ichiro; Nakamura, Masaru; Nozu, Ryo; Miyamoto, Kei (2020-04-08).
1330:
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1246:
Paig-Tran, E. W. Misty; Barrios, Andrew S.; Ferry, Lara A. (October 2016).
1232:
1010:
165:
17:
2106:"Monsters of the Sea Serpent: Parasites of an Oarfish,Regalecus russellii"
2204:
1850:
1833:
1763:
1633:
1373:. Paris: French National Museum of Natural History. pp. 202, 1–266.
1185:
Paig-Tran, E. W. Misty; Barrios, Andrew S.; Ferry, Lara A. (2016-06-14).
786:
672:
520:
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From December 2009 to March 2010, unusual numbers of the slender oarfish
428:
359:
348:
303:
270:
100:
1108:
1052:"Oarfish Offer Chance to Study an Elusive Animal Long Thought a Monster"
474:
light would silhouette the oarfishes' prey, making them easier to spot.
1186:
911:"Los Angeles Times - California, national and world news - latimes.com"
466:
432:
326:
293:
204:
189:
2105:
1657:
1632:
Benfield, M. C.; Cook, S.; Sharuga, S.; Valentine, M. M. (July 2013).
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983:
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513:
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2061:
2044:
2004:
1987:
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Oka, Shin-ichiro; Nakamura, Masaru; Nozu, Ryo; Miyamoto, Kei (2020).
1891:
1874:
680:
635:
596:
90:
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1087:(3rd ed.). New York: Marshall Cavendish. pp. 1767–1768.
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676:
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608:
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517:
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285:
235:
208:
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zones. These observations include the deepest verified record of
2185:
1551:
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by remotely operated vehicles were reported from the northern
2291:
885:
Olney, John E. (1998). Paxton, J.R.; Eschmeyer, W.N. (eds.).
712:
could both be predators of the oarfish, based on patterns of
351:
that is thought to be a defense mechanism against predators.
223:
alive, growing up to about 8 m (26 ft) in length.
1733:
2045:"Reproductive Morphology of Oarfish (Regalecus russellii)"
1988:"Reproductive Morphology of Oarfish (Regalecus russellii)"
1875:"Reproductive Morphology of Oarfish (Regalecus russellii)"
918:
645:
The eggs hatch after about three weeks into highly active
169:
United States Navy SEALS holding a 23-foot (7.0 m)
679:
of female oarfish, near the digestive tract called the
1547:"Giant bizarre deep sea fish filmed in Gulf of Mexico"
675:
on male oarfish are located in a similar place as the
269:
are greatly reduced and situated low on the body. The
292:
and the skin is covered with easily abraded, silvery
1832:
Ferry, L. A.; Paig-Tran, E. M.; Gibb, A. C. (2015).
374:
Through the analysis of the mitochondrial genome of
2194:
650:probable that the fishes go deeper as they mature.
469:. The oarfish was observed to propel itself by an
338:in length, while the largest recorded specimen of
1627:
1625:
1520:"Sustainability species Identification; Oarfish (
940:"Rare 'Sea Monster' Washes Ashore In New Zealand"
1710:"Pair of rare oarfish discovered alive in Japan"
1681:"Sea serpents' arrival puzzling, or portentous?"
27:Pelagic lampriform fish belonging to Regalecidae
889:. San Diego: Academic Press. pp. 157–159.
560:mode of swimming as noted by other sightings.
362:. Unlike many deep-sea fish, oarfish have no
8:
2162:Deepsea footage of a live oarfish, BBC, 2010
1393:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1346:"First-ever oarfish caught on rod and reel"
1131:
1129:
493:between 2008 and 2011 at depths within the
248:Although the larger species are considered
2182:
1495:"Woman angler lands legendary sea monster"
545:aired an episode of the television series
199:Regalecidae. Found in areas spanning from
47:
38:
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2003:
1957:
1939:
1890:
1849:
1443:
1425:
1320:
1271:
1222:
1000:
982:
853:
843:
2167:4/9/2014 National Geographic Video, 2014
164:
769:
1981:
1979:
1977:
1386:
751:Fishes: An Introduction to ichthyology
398:The oarfish is thought to inhabit the
2098:
2096:
1703:
1701:
1493:Jenkins, Russell (21 February 2003).
880:
878:
876:
874:
872:
7:
2393:5bf2f326-e5b3-45f5-b019-8ca17a9ab868
1050:Quenqua, Douglas (2 November 2013).
173:, found washed up on the shore near
1838:Integrative and Comparative Biology
1777:Roberts, Tyson R. (November 2017).
1084:International Wildlife Encyclopedia
382:specimen clusters the species with
1025:"Giant deep sea fish first filmed"
536:2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami
516:宮の使い "Ryūgū-No-Tsukai"), known in
344:measured 5.4 m (18 ft).
25:
611:are also taken. Large open-ocean
1708:Alex Stambaugh and Junko Ogura.
1679:Yamamoto, Daiki (4 March 2010).
551:named "Deep Sea Demon" in which
325:Oarfish that washed ashore on a
67:
1141:(Cuvier, 1816) species summary"
1162:"Regalecus russelii, Oarfifsh"
302:), the skin is clad with hard
188:are large, greatly elongated,
1:
1313:10.1080/23802359.2019.1623124
1113:(Benham, 1904) Streamer fish"
657:and hatching of the oarfish (
591:, selectively straining tiny
273:is completely absent and the
1545:Bourton, Jody (2010-02-08).
1470:. 2013-10-22. Archived from
917:. 2013-01-27. Archived from
603:from the water. Small fish,
195:fish belonging to the small
2486:
1941:10.1186/s40851-020-00156-6
1427:10.1186/s40851-020-00156-6
587:Oarfish feed primarily on
29:
1803:10.1007/s10228-017-0574-7
1522:Regalecus glesne Ascanius
1081:; Burton, Robert (2002).
739:List of fish common names
384:Trachipterus trachypterus
143:
136:
64:Scientific classification
62:
55:
46:
41:
1526:. NOAA Fisheries service
1369:Roberts, T., R. (2012).
1301:Mitochondrial DNA Part B
780:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
423:Ecology and life history
296:. In the streamer fish (
30:Not to be confused with
2110:Journal of Parasitology
1783:Ichthyological Research
1638:Journal of Fish Biology
1588:Journal of Fish Biology
655:artificial insemination
887:Encyclopedia of Fishes
576:
334:
260:Anatomy and morphology
182:
2414:Paleobiology Database
2049:The Anatomical Record
1992:The Anatomical Record
1879:The Anatomical Record
1468:"National Geographic"
1350:San Diego Reader News
1143:. FishBase Consortium
1115:. FishBase Consortium
1111:Agrostichthys parkeri
790:. March 2007 version.
734:List of fish families
718:Santa Catalina Island
569:
324:
299:Agrostichthys parkeri
168:
782:"Family Regalecidae"
211:. One of these, the
1795:2017IchtR..64..475R
1650:2013JFBio..83...28B
1600:2013JFBio..83...28B
1497:. The Times, London
1474:on October 22, 2013
1189:Regalecus russellii
706:shortfin mako shark
660:Regalecus russellii
525:Messenger from the
306:. All species lack
181:, in September 1996
1928:Zoological Letters
1851:10.1093/icb/icv028
1757:DiMella, Ashley, "
1414:Zoological Letters
1252:Journal of Anatomy
1195:Journal of Anatomy
1139:Regalecus russelii
1057:The New York Times
802:"Regalecus glesne"
577:
510:Regalecus russelii
341:Regalecus russelii
335:
310:and the number of
219:), is the longest
183:
2452:
2451:
2401:Open Tree of Life
2188:Taxon identifiers
2177:ROV footage, 2019
2172:LiveSciences 2015
1658:10.1111/jfb.12144
1608:10.1111/jfb.12144
1573:"SERPENT Project"
1264:10.1111/joa.12503
1207:10.1111/joa.12503
1094:978-0-7614-7279-7
1031:. 8 February 2010
984:10.7717/peerj.715
896:978-0-12-547665-2
845:10.7717/peerj.715
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16:(Redirected from
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2055:(9): 1695–1704.
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2007:
2005:10.1002/ar.23605
1998:(9): 1695–1704.
1983:
1972:
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1892:10.1002/ar.23605
1885:(9): 1695–1704.
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1344:Powell, Daniel.
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1307:(2): 2125–2126.
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628:Regalecus glesne
573:Regalecus glesne
527:Sea God's Palace
487:Regalecus glesne
479:mesopelagic zone
376:Regalecus glesne
217:Regalecus glesne
72:
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946:. 28 April 2015
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806:Discover Fishes
800:
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747:
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702:
693:
681:coelomic cavity
630:is recorded as
621:
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583:Feeding ecology
463:
431:(behavior) and
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349:self-amputation
262:
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2156:External links
2154:
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1789:(4): 475–477.
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944:IFLScience.com
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838:(e715): e715.
826:(2015-01-13).
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921:on 2013-01-27
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388:Zu cristatus,
385:
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364:swim bladders
361:
356:
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345:
343:
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314:is variable.
313:
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276:
272:
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267:pectoral fins
259:
257:
256:consistency.
255:
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229:
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222:
218:
214:
213:giant oarfish
210:
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171:giant oarfish
167:
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148:Agrostichthys
145:
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65:
61:
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57:Giant oarfish
54:
50:
45:
40:
37:
33:
19:
2195:
2116:(1): 41–44.
2113:
2109:
2052:
2048:
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1995:
1991:
1931:
1927:
1917:
1882:
1878:
1868:
1841:
1837:
1827:
1786:
1782:
1772:
1762:
1753:
1741:. Retrieved
1737:
1728:
1717:. Retrieved
1713:
1692:
1685:. Retrieved
1683:. Kyodo News
1674:
1644:(1): 28–38.
1641:
1637:
1594:(1): 28–38.
1591:
1587:
1581:
1567:
1556:. Retrieved
1550:
1540:
1530:28 September
1528:. Retrieved
1521:
1514:
1506:
1499:. Retrieved
1488:
1476:. Retrieved
1472:the original
1462:
1417:
1413:
1403:
1370:
1364:
1353:. Retrieved
1349:
1339:
1304:
1300:
1290:
1255:
1251:
1241:
1198:
1194:
1188:
1180:
1169:. Retrieved
1165:
1156:
1145:. Retrieved
1138:
1117:. Retrieved
1110:
1103:
1083:
1073:
1061:. Retrieved
1055:
1045:
1033:. Retrieved
1028:
1019:
974:
970:
960:
948:. Retrieved
943:
934:
923:. Retrieved
919:the original
914:
905:
886:
859:. Retrieved
835:
831:
820:
809:. Retrieved
805:
796:
785:
772:
750:
745:Bibliography
703:
694:
691:Reproduction
684:
668:
665:
658:
652:
644:
627:
622:
619:Life history
599:, and other
586:
578:
571:
562:
546:
540:
534:. After the
524:
509:
507:
502:
486:
484:
476:
464:
451:Skinningrove
437:
426:
414:
411:Distribution
397:
387:
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355:Hyperostotic
353:
346:
339:
336:
316:
308:gas bladders
297:
283:
263:
247:
238:
230:
225:
216:
185:
184:
153:
146:
130:
121:Lampriformes
36:
2465:Regalecidae
2326:iNaturalist
2253:Regalecidae
2240:Regalecidae
2226:Regalecidae
2220:Wikispecies
2196:Regalecidae
1743:22 November
1501:25 February
1063:22 November
1035:22 November
950:22 November
710:sperm whale
685:R. russelii
669:R. russelii
601:crustaceans
593:euphausiids
589:zooplankton
553:Jeremy Wade
532:earthquakes
499:mesopelagic
440:fishing rod
417:mesopelagic
404:mesopelagic
394:Environment
331:sea serpent
312:gill rakers
243:sea serpent
228:common name
131:Regalecidae
18:Regalecidae
2459:Categories
1719:2019-02-24
1558:2010-02-09
1355:2015-06-30
1171:2020-10-30
1147:2013-11-03
1119:2013-11-03
925:2022-04-06
915:archive.ph
811:2024-06-23
765:References
722:California
613:carnivores
495:epipelagic
400:epipelagic
275:caudal fin
254:gelatinous
193:lampriform
179:California
32:Paddlefish
2130:0022-3395
2087:205413717
2071:1932-8486
2030:205413717
2014:1932-8486
1950:2056-306X
1901:1932-8494
1819:207064546
1811:1341-8998
1436:2056-306X
1389:cite book
1215:0021-8782
993:2167-8359
861:16 August
700:Predation
605:jellyfish
570:Juvenile
541:In 2016,
503:R. glesne
461:Behaviour
380:R. glesne
370:Phylogeny
304:tubercles
290:scaleless
250:game fish
221:bony fish
201:temperate
175:San Diego
155:Regalecus
87:Kingdom:
81:Eukaryota
2211:Q1078201
2205:Wikidata
2146:32384405
2138:25220829
2079:28390152
2022:28390152
1968:32292594
1934:(1): 4.
1909:28390152
1860:25980566
1764:Fox News
1666:23808690
1616:23808690
1478:30 April
1454:32292594
1420:(1): 4.
1331:33365437
1282:27296623
1233:27296623
1011:25649000
977:: e715.
787:FishBase
728:See also
714:parasite
708:and the
632:spawning
558:amiiform
521:folklore
518:Japanese
471:amiiform
429:ethology
360:buoyancy
271:anal fin
127:Family:
101:Chordata
97:Phylum:
91:Animalia
77:Domain:
42:Oarfish
1959:7140580
1791:Bibcode
1687:6 March
1646:Bibcode
1596:Bibcode
1445:7140580
1322:7687632
1273:5013060
1224:5013060
1002:4304853
855:4304853
677:ovaries
523:as the
467:Bahamas
433:ecology
327:Bermuda
294:ganoine
245:tales.
239:regalis
231:oarfish
207:in two
205:species
190:pelagic
186:Oarfish
117:Order:
107:Class:
2442:125481
2429:114344
2426:uBio:
2419:266053
2406:617743
2390:NZOR:
2357:166354
2344:112682
2305:1REGAF
2144:
2136:
2128:
2085:
2077:
2069:
2028:
2020:
2012:
1966:
1956:
1948:
1907:
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1817:
1809:
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1231:
1221:
1213:
1091:
1009:
999:
991:
893:
852:
757:
673:Testes
647:larvae
636:Mexico
607:, and
597:shrimp
443:baited
279:spines
209:genera
197:family
138:Genera
2437:WoRMS
2383:81387
2339:IRMNG
2331:47512
2266:52894
2142:S2CID
2083:S2CID
2026:S2CID
1815:S2CID
971:PeerJ
832:PeerJ
609:squid
447:squid
445:with
286:teeth
236:Latin
2378:NCBI
2352:ITIS
2318:3715
2313:GBIF
2300:EPPO
2292:5473
2261:BOLD
2134:PMID
2126:ISSN
2075:PMID
2067:ISSN
2018:PMID
2010:ISSN
1964:PMID
1946:ISSN
1905:PMID
1897:ISSN
1856:PMID
1807:ISSN
1745:2021
1689:2010
1662:PMID
1612:PMID
1532:2012
1503:2010
1480:2018
1450:PMID
1432:ISSN
1395:link
1375:ISBN
1327:PMID
1278:PMID
1229:PMID
1211:ISSN
1089:ISBN
1065:2021
1037:2021
1007:PMID
989:ISSN
952:2021
891:ISBN
863:2024
755:ISBN
640:eggs
634:off
623:The
497:and
386:and
226:The
2365:NBN
2287:EoL
2279:FKW
2274:CoL
2248:AFD
2235:ADW
2118:doi
2114:101
2057:doi
2053:300
2000:doi
1996:300
1954:PMC
1936:doi
1887:doi
1883:300
1846:doi
1799:doi
1761:",
1714:CNN
1654:doi
1604:doi
1552:BBC
1440:PMC
1422:doi
1317:PMC
1309:doi
1268:PMC
1260:doi
1256:229
1219:PMC
1203:doi
1199:229
997:PMC
979:doi
850:PMC
840:doi
449:at
402:to
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2328::
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2250::
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2222::
2207::
2140:.
2132:.
2124:.
2112:.
2108:.
2095:^
2081:.
2073:.
2065:.
2051:.
2047:.
2024:.
2016:.
2008:.
1994:.
1990:.
1976:^
1962:.
1952:.
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