43:
465:) to the Public Debt Commission. As the state (or a parallel state controlled by the government's creditors) now effectively controlled salt production and salt prices, salt smuggling became a problem. In 1884, the Ottoman government instituted a tobacco monopoly and delegated it to a partly foreign company, the “Regie co-intréressée des tabacs de l’Empire ottoman”, which relied on a consortium of European banks and on the
453:
production, and its revenue was intended to help overcome the
Ottoman state's persistent shortage of income. The Ottoman Tobacco Company constituted the largest foreign investment in the Ottoman Empire, and it attempted to introduce more efficient production methods – against local resistance.
469:, also listed in London and Paris. Founded in 1863, the latter brought together French shareholders supplementing initial contributions of British funds in 1856. Both had offices in Paris, Place de la Bourse.
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30:
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There are successor companies in other
Ottoman successor states. To this day, the state-run tobacco monopolies in
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692:"LE CAPITAL FRANÇAIS ET ETRANGER DANS L'EMPIRE OTTOMAN JUSQU'A LA GRANDE GUERRE. Par Jacques THOBIE"
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709:"The Economics of Tobacco in Lebanon: An Estimation of the Social Costs of Tobacco Consumption"
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on salt was incorporated into the Régie
Company, which passed revenue from salt taxes (
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449:, with backing from a consortium of European banks. The company had a monopoly over
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477:
476:, the Ottoman Tobacco Company was nationalised in 1925 and became
237:
87:
67:
434:
Société de la régie co-intéressée des tabacs de l'empire
Ottoman
378:
590:"The Nineteenth-Century Ottoman Tax Reforms and Revenue System"
645:
Narin, Resül (2009). "Düyûn-ı Umûmiye İdaresi ve
Adapazarı".
548:"Book reviews". The Economic History Review. 2011-01-04.
424:
Memalik-i Şahane
Duhanları Müşterekül Menfaa Reji Şirketi
667:NOUVEAUX VISAGES DE LA FRANCOPHONIE EN EUROPE
398:
8:
597:International Journal of Middle East Studies
525:The Political Economy of Ottoman Public Debt
405:
391:
26:
516:
245:
49:
29:
570:
559:
7:
554:10.1111/j.1468-0289.2010.00567_18.x
447:Ottoman Public Debt Administration
349:Ottoman Public Debt Administration
25:
664:Moussakova, Svetla (2012-06-01).
527:. Tauris Academic Studies. 2010.
41:
588:Shaw, Stanford (October 1975).
739:Taxation in the Ottoman Empire
437:, was a parastatal company or
1:
431:for its French official name
744:Tobacco companies of Turkey
765:
609:10.1017/s0020743800025368
482:British American Tobacco
269:Evkaf-i Hümayun Nezareti
670:(in French). Academia.
647:Karadeniz Araştırmaları
419:Ottoman Tobacco Company
569:Cite journal requires
467:Imperial Ottoman Bank
495:are known as Régie.
480:, which was sold to
441:formed in the later
427:) also known as the
474:Republic of Turkey
677:978-2-296-49659-0
534:978-1-84885-298-3
415:
414:
16:(Redirected from
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749:Tobacco taxation
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198:Resm-i mücerred
63:Adet-i deştbani
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634:on 2020-02-19.
603:(4): 421–459.
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138:Muskirat resmi
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716:. Retrieved
714:. 2011-05-23
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653:(21): 49–59.
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629:the original
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304:Kanun-i Raya
213:Selamet isni
188:Resm-i ganem
178:Resm-i dönüm
103:Gümrük resmi
58:Adet-i Ağnam
173:Resm-i çift
148:Otlak resmi
98:Damga resmi
78:Bac-i pazar
733:Categories
718:2011-07-24
511:References
472:Under the
344:Mütesellim
218:Tapu resmi
153:Rav akçesi
625:154351228
484:in 2008.
463:tuz resmi
339:Muqata'ah
309:Kanunname
233:Tuz resmi
499:See also
374:Tanzimat
334:Muhassil
329:Muafiyet
319:Merdiban
314:Malikâne
254:Ahidnâme
118:Ispendje
31:Taxation
489:Lebanon
451:tobacco
445:by the
359:Siyakat
289:Iltizam
228:Temettu
113:Ihtisab
33:in the
674:
623:
617:162752
615:
531:
369:Tahrir
364:Sürsat
324:Millet
294:Istira
259:Defter
123:Istira
73:Avarız
712:(PDF)
695:(PDF)
632:(PDF)
621:S2CID
613:JSTOR
593:(PDF)
493:Syria
478:Tekel
439:Regie
238:Zakat
143:Nüzül
128:Maktu
108:Haraç
88:Cizye
68:Ashar
50:Taxes
672:ISBN
575:help
529:ISBN
491:and
417:The
379:Waqf
299:Kadı
284:Hane
264:Emin
605:doi
550:doi
421:, (
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
