578:, but it can be found moving about and hunting at night as well. They are often found by turning over rocks within or near the brooks and streams they inhabit to find prey. They will also come out of the water to bask in the sun, often perching on branches or roots above or near the waters edge. Queen snakes are very alert to any potential danger and will drop into the water when disturbed. They are rather docile snakes, not too likely to bite. Their main defenses are thrashing, spinning, and secreting malodorous feces and anal musk, similar to the behaviour of the garter snake in this defense. Queen snakes have been shown to use the sun for celestial orientation in their habitat.
601:. Large frogs and fish will also eat the young snakes. When approached by predators, queen snakes will flee a distance directly related to their internal temperature. The main threat to the queen snake is habitat loss as waterways are drained, disturbed or polluted. Crayfish, their main food, are sensitive to acidification and accumulation of heavy metals. Thus, as waterways have become polluted and crayfish have died out, the queen snake population has declined throughout its former range. In many areas the queen snake has disappeared or has become in danger of doing so.
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444:, so is often confused with that group. The queen snake is olive to gray or dark brown in overall coloration, with peach or yellow stripes that run down its length at the first scale row. There are also four prominent ventral stripes of a darker color, and as no other similar species has stripes running down the length of its belly, this is an important feature in identifying this snake. In the young and juvenile snakes there are three extra stripes: one stripe that runs along the vertebral
86:
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448:, and two stripes (one on each side) that run down the length of the body at scale rows five and six. These extra stripes tend to fade as the snake matures, but when young the snake will have a total of seven stripes, three on the back and four on the belly, which gives cause for its taxonomical reference name,
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The newly born snakes will be approximately 6 in (15 cm) long and weigh 0.1 ounces (2.8 g). Newborn snakes begin to grow very rapidly and may shed their skin twice in their first week while living on the nutrient rich yolk stores they preserve through this time in their lives. The baby
464:
is divided. The sexes are often difficult to distinguish based on external characteristics. Male queen snakes have relatively longer tails than females. Males have from 65 to 89 subcaudal scutes (average 76), with the tail from 23% to 34% of the snake's total length. Females have 54 to 87 subcaudals
377:
is known by many common names, including the following: banded water snake, brown queen snake, diamond-back water snake, leather snake, moon snake, North
American seven-banded snake, olive water snake, pale snake, queen water snake, seven-striped water snake, striped water snake, three-striped water
514:
The habitat requirements for the queen snake are very specific, and this snake is never found in areas that lack clean running streams and watersheds with stony and rocky bottoms. The water temperature must be a minimum of 50 °F (10 °C) during the snake's active months. This is in a large
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throughout the winter months, and groups of them can be found in "hibernacula", near water. These hibernation dens can be inside old bridge abutments, cracked concrete retaining walls and dams, and in niches of bedrock. During this time, the snakes are lethargic, and their main prey, crayfish, may
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Female queen snakes will be fully sexually mature at three years of age, males at two years. Breeding takes place in the spring and autumn months. If mating was in the autumn, the female can delay giving birth until spring, storing the energy she will need through the months that she will be in a
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The head of the queen snake is narrow and has nine large plate-like scales on the top, and the chin has several rows of thicker scales. This is a protective adaptation, for the snake's feeding habit of chasing its prey under rocks. The pupil of the eye is round, a feature shared with most other
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that is produced by crayfish during their molting cycle which help them find that prey easier. It is assumed they use a vomeronasal organ to detect the chemical. One study done offered crayfish during their molting cycle and crayfish not on their molting cycle to queen snakes to see which they
547:. The queen snake does not find its food by sight or heat detection, but by smell, using its tongue to carry the scent of its prey to receptors within its mouth. In this way it is able to home in on its prey, even under water.
965:
Jackrel, S. L., & Reinert, H. K. (2011). Behavioral
Responses of a Dietary Specialist, the Queen Snake (Regina septemvittata), to Potential Chemoattractants Released by Its Prey. Journal of Herpetology, 45(3), 272–276.
866:
Jackrel, S. L., & Reinert, H. K. (2011). Behavioral
Responses of a Dietary Specialist, the Queen Snake (Regina septemvittata), to Potential Chemoattractants Released by Its Prey. Journal of Herpetology, 45(3), 272–276.
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snakes. Litter size can vary from 5 to 20, and the time for an individual birth is from 1.5 to 2.5 minutes. Time between individual births is 4 minutes to 1 hour, with the average time being 11 minutes.
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preferred. The results showed that the queen snakes would not eat the prey if it was not releasing ecdysone. If none of these prey can be found, queen snakes will resort to eating small fish.
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snakes are able to swim and move about and they must fend for themselves independently directly after birth. Juvenile queen snakes range from 17.5 to 23 cm (6.9 to 9.1 in) in length.
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crayfish, which are not able to defend themselves effectively with their pincers. One study indicates that crayfish make up over 90% of the snake's diet. Other sources of food include
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Queen snakes are not large, and they seldom grow to more than 24 inches (61 cm) in total length (including tail). The females are generally slightly larger than the males.
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Decreases in queen snake populations can be most attributed to a loss of food sources through stream channelization, bank erosion, and water pollution.
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Queen snakes are described as dietary specialists, feeding primarily on crayfish. They have been documented favoring crayfish that are freshly molted.
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Catalogue of the Snakes in the
British Museum (Natural History). Volume I., Containing the Families ... Colubridæ Aglyphæ, part.
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London: Trustees of the
British Museum (Natural History). (Taylor and Francis, printers). xiii + 448 pp. + Plates I-XXVIII. (
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756:. Ithaca and London: Comstock Publishing Associates, A Division of Cornell University Press. 1,105 pp. (in 2 volumes). (
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Jackrel, Sara L.; Reinert, Howard K. (2011). "Behavioral
Responses of a Dietary Specialist, the Queen Snake (
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What Snake is That? : A Field Guide to the Snakes of the United States East of the Rocky
Mountains
897:
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1113:). New York and London: D. Appleton-Century Company. Frontispiece map + 163 pp. + Plates A-C, 1-32. (
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Peterson Field Guide to
Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern and Central North America, Fourth Edition
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A Field Guide to
Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern and Central North America, Second Edition
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part due to the snake's dietary requirements. They subsist almost entirely on fresh water
1131:. Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. xiv + 494 pp., 47 plates, 207 Figures.
1061:, Regina septemvittata. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. 27 pp.
1038:. East Lansing: Michigan State University Cooperative Extension Service. E-2000. 76 pp.
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456:(seven-striped). The belly of the snake is a cream to yellow color.
1078:. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. xviii + 429 pp. + Plates 1-48.
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Queen Snake Found In New Jersey After 50 Years
Without a Sighting
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714:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. 125 pp. (
465:(average 69), with tails equal to 19% to 27% of total length.
1194:
Reptiles of North America: A Guide to Field Identificatiion
844:. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. Archived from
1155:
Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia
982:), to Potential Chemoattractants Released by Its Prey".
1219:
Michigan Society of Herpetologists' Queen Snake Article
902:"Celestial Orientation in Two Species of Water Snakes (
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are especially sensitive to a chemical compound called
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become the predator, particularly of the young snakes.
712:
A Check List of North American Amphibians and Reptiles
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https://herpsofarkansas.com/Snake/ReginaSeptemvittata
1234:
Canadian Government's Information on the Queen Snake
1176:
Field Book of Snakes of the United States and Canada
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1262:
1036:
Michigan Snakes: A Field Guide and Pocket Reference
1229:The Queen Snake, Florida Museum of Natural History
754:Handbook of Snakes of the United States and Canada
1016:. Athens, Georgia: University of Georgia Press.
413:. It is also found in the southwestern parts of
378:snake, willow snake, and yellow-bellied snake.
1182:, pp. 211–213, Figures 67-68 + Plate 22).
1149:(1825). "Descriptions of three new species of
760:, pp. 506-510, Figure 149 + Map 40 on p. 491).
436:The queen snake is similar in appearance to a
942:(1984). "Flight Distance of the Queen Snake,
8:
663:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2007.RLTS.T63887A12717768.en
1034:; Dudderar, Glenn R. (1989, revised 1998).
776:. New Jersey Division of Fish and Wildlife.
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59:
40:
31:
1178:. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons. 365 pp. (
1098:, pp. 149–150 + Plate 21 + Map 109).
896:Newcomer, R. Thomas; Taylor, Douglas H.;
661:
1117:, pp. 97–98 + Plate 17, figure 50).
1059:COSEWIC Status Report on the QUEEN SNAKE
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519:. It preys almost exclusively on newly-
389:ranges through the temperate region of
472:Nine plate-like scales on top of head.
7:
1606:Extant Pleistocene first appearances
968:http://www.jstor.org/stable/41415283
869:http://www.jstor.org/stable/41415283
1561:IUCN Red List least concern species
649:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1581:Fauna of the Eastern United States
1196:. New York: Golden Press. 240 pp.
883:). Retrieved April 29, 2022, from
555:The queen snake is in a period of
25:
1164:, new species, pp. 240–241).
1153:, inhabiting the United States".
991:https://doi.org/10.1670/10-047.1
84:
1143:, pp. 422–423 + Plate 41).
955:https://doi.org/10.2307/1564115
879:Herps of Arkansas: Queensnake (
581:Predators of queen snakes are
1:
1576:Reptiles of the United States
734:Reptarium.cz Reptile Database
692:Tropidonotus septemvittatus
280:Tropidonotus septemvittatus
1622:
1596:Reptiles described in 1825
1241:, Natural Resources Canada
792:"A Dicephalic Queen Snake"
736:. Accessed 29 March 2021.
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81:Scientific classification
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1601:Taxa named by Thomas Say
1109:. (With 108 drawings by
1571:Snakes of North America
1014:Snakes of the Southeast
344:snake, a member of the
1509:Coluber septemvittatus
1162:Coluber septemvittatus
984:Journal of Herpetology
948:Journal of Herpetology
771:"Snakes of New Jersey"
568:
473:
428:
226:Coluber septemvittatus
1469:Paleobiology Database
1190:Brodie, Edmund D. Jr.
1030:; Harding, James H.;
938:Layne, Jack R., Jr.;
656:: e.T63887A12717768.
642:Regina septemvittata
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471:
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182:R. septemvittata
1294:Regina septemvittata
1264:Regina septemvittata
1208:, pp. 158–159).
1206:Regina septemvittata
1180:Natrix septemvittata
1141:Regina septemvittata
1115:Natrix septemvittata
1096:Natrix septemvittata
980:Regina septemvittata
944:Regina septemvittata
908:Regina septemvittata
881:Regina septemvittata
840:Regina septemvittata
758:Natrix septemvittata
746:Wright, Albert Hazen
729:Regina septemvittata
716:Natrix septemvittata
330:Regina septemvittata
302:Regina septemvittata
293:Natrix septemvittata
238:Tropidonotus leberis
200:Regina septemvittata
18:Regina septemvittata
1591:Reptiles of Ontario
1057:Smith, Kim (1999).
898:Guttman, Sheldon I.
51:Conservation status
1586:Reptiles of Canada
1032:Hensley, Marvin M.
848:on August 31, 2005
750:Wright, Anna Allen
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1456:Open Tree of Life
1256:Taxon identifiers
1137:978-0-544-12997-9
788:Neill, Wilfred T.
395:Mississippi River
358:. The species is
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27:Species of snakes
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489:. This snake is
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387:R. septemvittata
382:Geographic range
375:R. septemvittata
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500:
496:
492:
491:ovoviviparous
488:
479:
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463:
457:
455:
454:septemvittata
451:
447:
446:dorsal scales
443:
439:
431:
425:
421:
418:
416:
412:
409:and northern
408:
405:and south to
404:
400:
397:from western
396:
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391:North America
388:
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364:North America
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191:Binomial name
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66:Least Concern
56:
52:
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38:
33:
30:
19:
1508:
1263:
1205:
1193:
1179:
1175:
1161:
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1150:
1140:
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1123:, Conant R,
1114:
1106:
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1075:
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1035:
1013:
986:
983:
979:
974:
961:
950:
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943:
934:
917:
913:
907:
903:
891:
880:
875:
862:
850:. Retrieved
846:the original
839:
832:
799:
795:
782:
765:
757:
753:
741:
728:
723:
715:
711:
699:
691:
687:
684:Boulenger GA
679:
667:. Retrieved
653:
647:
641:
636:Hammerson GA
630:
610:
608:
580:
570:
554:
545:fairy shrimp
513:
504:
483:
480:Reproduction
475:
458:
453:
449:
441:
438:garter snake
435:
419:
393:east of the
386:
385:
374:
373:
370:Common names
329:
328:
324:
322:
301:
297:— Cope, 1895
292:
279:
266:
249:
237:
225:
199:
197:
181:
180:
168:
35:Queen snake
29:
1404:NatureServe
1352:iNaturalist
1288:Wikispecies
1239:Queen Snake
1224:Queen Snake
1147:Say, Thomas
704:Stejneger L
669:19 November
342:semiaquatic
325:queen snake
1555:Categories
1524:Q109519988
1125:Collins JT
852:August 25,
802:(4): 266.
694:, p. 239).
622:References
499:viviparous
485:period of
462:anal plate
442:Thamnophis
432:Appearance
356:Colubridae
349:Natricinae
158:Colubridae
144:Suborder:
926:0018-0831
816:0045-8511
718:, p. 96).
708:Barbour T
557:brumation
495:oviparous
487:brumation
403:Wisconsin
401:state to
346:subfamily
286:Boulenger
176:Species:
148:Serpentes
104:Kingdom:
98:Eukaryota
1518:Wikidata
1409:2.102448
1370:10900322
1302:BioLib:
1279:Q2705218
1273:Wikidata
1192:(1982).
1174:(1941).
1127:(2016).
1121:Powell R
1105:(1939).
1074:(1975).
1012:(2005).
900:(1974).
752:(1957).
710:(1917).
686:(1893).
638:(2007).
615:ecdysone
583:raccoons
571:It is a
567:Basking.
529:tadpoles
517:crayfish
452:(queen)
440:, genus
399:New York
339:venomous
243:Holbrook
217:Synonyms
154:Family:
138:Squamata
128:Reptilia
118:Chordata
114:Phylum:
108:Animalia
94:Domain:
71:IUCN 3.1
1497:8055962
1448:1526219
1344:5222701
1151:Coluber
1000:Sources
824:1437484
732:at the
576:species
573:diurnal
537:minnows
510:Habitat
415:Ontario
411:Florida
407:Alabama
360:endemic
351:of the
335:species
333:) is a
312:Collins
210:, 1825)
164:Genus:
134:Order:
124:Class:
69: (
1538:209073
1494:uBio:
1474:155185
1461:505615
1435:102787
1422:183613
1383:174125
1331:790829
1305:176541
1200:
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1090:
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1042:
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924:
822:
814:
796:Copeia
599:herons
587:otters
551:Habits
543:, and
541:snails
521:molted
450:Regina
353:family
337:of non
314:, 1991
310:&
308:Conant
288:, 1893
275:, 1892
262:, 1853
260:Girard
258:&
245:, 1842
233:, 1825
169:Regina
1396:63887
1365:IRMNG
1357:28850
1318:794GZ
820:JSTOR
774:(PDF)
595:hawks
533:newts
525:frogs
256:Baird
1533:ITIS
1443:OBIS
1417:NCBI
1391:IUCN
1378:ITIS
1339:GBIF
1198:ISBN
1133:ISBN
1088:ISBN
1080:ISBN
1048:ISBN
1040:ISBN
1018:ISBN
922:ISSN
906:and
854:2005
812:ISSN
800:1941
671:2021
654:2007
605:Diet
597:and
591:mink
497:and
323:The
273:Cope
1326:EoL
1313:CoL
1204:. (
1139:. (
946:".
804:doi
658:doi
362:to
231:Say
208:Say
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306:—
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806::
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