798:
600:
543:
562:
585:
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1917 but were not seen after 1942. They established in
Auckland in the 1950s but were exterminated and another wild population was detected and exterminated in 2006. In 2013 more were found, and authorities offered a $ 1000 reward for information that led to a bird's capture. They prefer dry lowland habitat in these regions. They were first observed breeding on the Canary Islands in 2018. They are considered as pests because of their habit of damaging fruit crops.
104:
38:
79:
786:
clutches in a year. Nests are small flat cups made of small dry twigs and spider web, but sometimes making use of metal wires. The eggs hatch after about 14 days. Both parents feed the chicks and on feeding trips wait for the young to excrete, swallowing the faecal sacs produced for the first few days when the bacterial level is minimum. Later they carry the faecal sacs and dump them elsewhere. The
717:
Red-vented bulbuls were introduced into Fiji in 1903 by indentured labourers from India, becoming widespread. They were introduced to Tonga in 1943 and became common on Samoa by 1957. They became established on the Tongan islands of
Tongatapu and Niuafo'ou. They were introduced into Melbourne around
618:
The red-vented bulbul is easily identified by its short crest giving the head a squarish appearance. The body is dark brown with a scaly pattern while the head is darker or black. The rump is white while the vent is red. It is about 20 cm in length, with a long black tail, tipped in white. The
785:
They breed from June to
September and lay two or three eggs in a typical clutch. The eggs are pale-pinkish with spots of dark red color which are more dense at the broad end. However, in one instance, breeding has also been observed in February in Tamil Nadu. They are capable of having multiple
286:, including Sri Lanka extending east to Burma and parts of Bhutan and Nepal. It has been introduced in many other parts of the world and has established itself in New Zealand, Argentina, Tonga and Fiji, as well as parts of Samoa, Australia, USA and Cook Islands. It is included in the
713:
This is a bird of dry scrub, open forest, plains and cultivated lands. In its native range it is rarely found in mature forests. A study based on 54 localities in India concluded that vegetation is the single most important factor that determines the distribution of the species.
777:
Red-vented bulbuls build their nests in bushes at a height of around 2β3 m (6.6β9.8 ft). Nests are occasionally built inside houses or in a hole in a mud bank. In one instance, a nest was found on a floating mat of
872:
Indians frequently tame it and carry it about the bazaars, tied with a string to the finger or to a little crutched perch, which is often made of precious metals or jade; while there are few
Europeans who do not recollect
805:
Their vocalizations are usually stereotyped and they call throughout the year. However, a number of distinct call types have been identified including roosting, begging, greeting, flight and two kinds of alarm calls.
782:
leaves and another observer noted a pair nesting inside a regularly used bus. Nests in tree cavities have also been noted. Nesting in safe cavities of residential buildings has also been noted.
599:
627:
of the
Central and Eastern Himalayas and the Gangetic plain has a dark hood, lacks the scale-like pattern on the underside and instead has dark streaks on the paler lower belly. Race
1951:
327:
287:
2854:
Chowdhury, SR; Bhattacharyya, SP (1989) Circannual variation in the alveolar histodynamics and secretory activity of the uropygial gland of the male
Redvented Bulbul
3400:
3478:
344:, he added 240 species that had been previously described by Brisson. One of these was the red-vented bulbul. Linnaeus included a brief description, coined the
542:
3565:
730:
orchids in Hawaii from damage by these birds; however, they learn to avoid the repellent chemicals. They can also disperse the seeds of invasive plants like
1852:
1651:
850:
this species has led to changes in the population dynamics of butterfly morphs on the island of Oahu in Hawaii. Here the population of white morphs of the
1750:
1593:
561:
1706:
1309:
797:
3361:
2881:
3426:
54:
458:: Originally described as a separate species. Found in the central and eastern Himalayas from Nepal to Assam, north-eastern India and Bangladesh
2635:
1986:
1978:
1959:
1634:
1156:
3605:
1079:
Systema naturae : per regna tria natura, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis
53:
1390:
584:
868:. They would be held on the finger with a thread attached and when they fought they would seize the red feathers of the opponents.
3106:
2979:
Lal, P; Thapliyal, JP (1982). "Thyroid β gonad and thyroid β body weight relationship in the red-vented bulbul, Molpastes cafer".
794:
of this species. Fires, heavy rains and predators are the main causes of fledgling mortality in scrub habitats in southern India.
3600:
3374:
1555:
341:
705:
individuals have been noted. An individual with aberrant colour form was observed in
Bhavans College Campus, Andheri, Mumbai.
1594:"Observations on the naturalized distribution of the Red-vented Bulbul in Africa, with special reference to the Fiji islands"
1030:
The two stars (**) at the start of the section indicates that
Brisson based his description on the examination of a specimen.
3431:
3465:
3575:
1890:"Status, ecology, and management of the invasive plant, Miconia calvescens DC (Melastomataceae) in the Hawaiian Islands"
1627:
Introduced Birds of the World: The worldwide history, distribution and influence of birds introduced to new environments
681:
marked by their pale rumps and yellow-orange or pink vents. In eastern
Myanmar there is some natural hybridization with
3195:
3413:
3312:
3263:
3037:
3014:
2966:
2930:
2907:
2834:
2150:
2098:
1113:
Stresemann, E. (1952). "On the birds collected by Pierre Poivre in Canton, Manila, India and
Madagascar (1751β1756)".
1025:
Ornithologie, ou, MΓ©thode contenant la division des oiseaux en ordres, sections, genres, especes & leurs variΓ©tΓ©s
3483:
103:
1228:
818:
The red-vented bulbul was among the first animals other than humans that was found to be incapable of synthesizing
3008:
Mummigatti UG; Desai RN; Desai Sarayu (2001). "Some aspects of the developmental biology of the Red Vented Bulbul
1724:
3580:
765:
3121:
Vijayan, VS. (1975) Ecological isolation of bulbuls (Family Pycnonotidae, Class Aves) with special reference to
1871:
1670:
822:. However, a large number of other birds were later found to likewise lack the ability to synthesize vitamin C.
1943:
1823:
1765:
1019:
963:
Long, John L. (1981). Introduced Birds of the World. Agricultural Protection Board of Western Australia, 21-493
690:
Sexes are similar in plumage, but young birds are duller than adults. The typical call has been transcribed as
303:
2861:
Dasgupta, P; Bhattacharyya, SP (1988) Circannual changes in the testicular activity of the Red-vented Bulbul
3595:
3590:
1783:
1608:
530:
364:
352:
3281:
1824:"Evaluation of methiocarb, ziram, and methyl anthranilate as bird repellents applied to Dendrobium orchids"
3585:
3299:
3216:
3166:
Watling D (1986). "The timing of the moult in native and naturalised populations of the Red-vented Bulbul
1324:
897:), the male birds were held captive for a few days and were engaged in fights as a spectator sport in the
874:
418:
3317:
973:
698:
are also produced. Their alarm calls are usually responded to and heeded by many other species of bird.
683:
673:
323:
208:
3254:
2547:"Frugivory and seed dispersal of Carissa spinarum (L.) in a tropical deciduous forest of central India"
942:
864:
In 19th-century India these birds were frequently kept as cage pets and for fighting especially in the
2898:
2370:
856:
butterfly has risen over a period of 20 years due to predation of the orange morphs by these bulbuls.
3503:
3146:
2580:
847:
764:
Red-vented bulbuls feed on fruits, petals of flowers, nectar, insects and occasionally house geckos (
3189:
1172:
Jobling, J.A. (2018). del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J.; Christie, D.A.; de Juana, E. (eds.).
3570:
1140:
283:
68:
20:
3457:
3205:
2811:
2773:"Predator induced colour polymorphism in Danaus plexippus L. (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) in Hawaii"
1028:(in French and Latin). Vol. 2. Paris: Jean-Baptiste Bauche. pp. 257β259, Plate 20 fig 2.
2964:
Ganguli U (1963). "Some notes on the nesting and nest behaviour of a pair of redvented bulbuls".
2676:
2604:
787:
753:
738:
234:
98:
1173:
1002:
100 of the World's Worst Invasive Species: A selection from the Global Invasive Species Database
3405:
3524:
3444:
3335:
2996:
2753:
2641:
2631:
2596:
2527:
1982:
1974:
1965:
1955:
1630:
1386:
1152:
1144:
894:
311:
1294:
619:
Himalayan races have a more prominent crest and are more streaked on the underside. The race
3529:
3154:
2988:
2784:
2745:
2707:
2668:
2588:
2517:
1802:
1423:
1358:
1122:
1082:(in Latin). Vol. 1 (12th ed.). Holmiae (Stockholm): Laurentii Salvii. p. 295.
1055:
1043:
937:
852:
811:
360:
291:
3304:
752:. Thibault et al. (2018) finds this species to be pushing out native species but not other
37:
3511:
2093:
1407:
865:
770:
336:
3493:
3200:
3129:(Lesson) at Point Calimere, Tamil Nadu. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Bombay, Bombay.
2828:
Bellary, Sadananda A; Desai, RN (2000) Unusual nesting activity of the Red-vented Bulbul
1687:
919:
3268:
3150:
3012:; The nestling's food and feeding pattern, and the feeding behaviour of their parents".
2921:
2805:
2584:
2546:
2474:
Prabhakarachari, N; Ravikumar, R; Ramamurthi, R (1990). "Ecobiology of redvented bulbul
2413:
1427:
1362:
1199:
1126:
843:(Ansari 1951 Proc. Natl. Inst. Sci. India 17:40) have been described as ectoparasites.
791:
779:
732:
441:
379:
2375:. Calcutta : Printed for the Author by the Military Orphan Press. pp. 93β96.
2145:
623:
of the Western Himalayas has a black hood extending to the mid-breast. The population
3559:
3439:
2992:
2624:
1288:
1073:
928:
898:
882:
749:
516:
345:
331:
225:
88:
83:
2726:
2522:
2444:
2232:
1556:"Oriental Bird Club Image Database : Red-vented Bulbul Β» Pycnonotus cafer"
1529:
1506:
1262:
1102:. Vol. 9. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 235.
3340:
3051:
2608:
2498:
1000:
435:
3542:
3379:
1889:
3327:
2876:(Vieillot) in the Indo-Chinese subregion. J. Washington Acad. Sci. 39(8):273β279.
2571:
Roy, RN; Guha, BC (1958). "Production of experimental scurvy in a bird species".
52:
3470:
3452:
3387:
3248:
2944:
2417:
2387:
2340:
2313:
2286:
2259:
2170:
2118:
2062:
2031:
2000:
1460:
1203:
1097:
1077:
1023:
356:
2749:
1263:"Systematic notes on Asian birds. 25. A preliminary review of the Pycnonotidae"
3537:
1969:
1093:
719:
445:
402:
351:
and cited Brisson's work. The red-vented bulbul does not occur in Africa. The
185:
165:
3239:
2645:
1571:
The ecological isolation of Bulbuls (Pycnonotidae) with special reference to
1232:
2903:
in relation to atmospheric temperature and the phase of development of eggs"
1807:
836:
819:
552:
371:
310:
based on a specimen that he mistakenly believed had been collected from the
279:
155:
115:
3418:
2922:"A case of an unusually delayed breeding activity of the Red-vented Bulbul
2600:
2531:
3000:
3516:
3291:
3233:
2789:
2772:
2757:
2659:
Gillespie D. S. (1980). "Overview of Species Needing Dietary Vitamin C".
1046:(1910). "Collation of Brisson's genera of birds with those of Linnaeus".
831:
826:
135:
3107:"Impact of stone crushing units on the populations of Redvented Bulbul,
2945:"Possible feeding on an unhatched egg by young one of Redvented Bulbul (
2680:
423:: Found in south-eastern Pakistan, north-western and north-central India
3366:
1822:
Cummings, JL; Mason, J.R.; Otis, D.L.; Ohashi, J.E. Davis T.J. (1994).
1151:. Vol. 2 (4th ed.). Eastbourne, UK: Aves Press. p. 493.
974:"100 of the World's Worst Invasive Alien Species: 78. Pycnonotus cafer"
702:
3158:
2592:
1914:
Berger, A. J. (1975). "Red-whiskered and Red-vented Bulbuls on Oahu".
1888:
Medeiros, A. C.; Loope, L. L.; Conant, P. & McElvaney, S. (1997).
1448:. Vol. 6 (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 85β92.
1308:
Dickinson, E.C.; R.W.R.J. Dekker; S. Eck & S. Somadikarta (2002).
3392:
3276:
2711:
2672:
1947:
1688:"Red Vented Bulbul, Ministry for Primary Industry Pests and Diseases"
275:
175:
125:
3210:
1341:
Sibley, CB; Short, LL (1959). "Hybridization in some Indian Bulbuls
1059:
19:
For the similar species sometimes called the red-vented bulbul, see
3353:
1725:"Differential expansion and population growth of bulbuls in Hawaii"
1149:
The Howard & Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World
877:'s immortal phrase anent the red patch in the seat of its trousers.
440:: Originally described as a separate species. Found in Kashmir and
322:. Although Brisson coined Latin names, these do not conform to the
3348:
3067:
Shivnarayanan N, Naik RM (1963). "Does the male redvented bulbul,
1788:(Linnaeus, 1766) β a new invasive bird species breeding in Europe"
890:
796:
723:
3133:
Watling D (1983). "The breeding biology of the Red-vented Bulbul
1579:
at Point Calimere, Tamil Nadu. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Bombay
1310:"Systematic notes on Asian birds. 26. Types of the Pycnonotidae"
901:
during the Ahom rule. This practice was banned in January 2016.
145:
3214:
3117:. Ornithological Society of India, Bangalore. pp. 137β138.
355:
was later changed to Sri Lanka and then in 1952 designated as
2287:"An hitherto unrecorded nesting site of a Redvented Bulbul
2208:
Dixit, D (1963). "Notes on a case of the redvented bulbul,
2892:. Ornithological Society of India, Bangalore. p. 190.
2842:
Berger AJ (1964). "The breeding seasons of Indian birds".
1385:. Smithsonian Institution and Lynx Edicions. p. 338.
374:
for South Africa. This species is now placed in the genus
3115:
Bird Conservation: Strategies for the Nineties and Beyond
3084:
Short LL (1964). "Notes on the behaviour of the Bulbuls,
2890:
Bird Conservation: Strategies for the Nineties and Beyond
809:
They are important dispersers of seeds of plants such as
999:
Lowe S.; Browne M.; Boudjelas S.; De Poorter M. (2000).
694:, but a number of sharp single note calls sounding like
643:
is found in Peninsular India. The Northeast Indian race
3113:. In Verghese, A; Sridhar, S; Chakravarthy, AK (eds.).
2888:. In Verghese, A; Sridhar, S; Chakravarthy, AK (eds.).
2418:"Notes on the nesting habits of the Red-vented Bulbul (
2233:"Curious site for nest of the Bengal Redvented Bulbul (
306:
included a description of the red-vented bulbul in his
2731:(Mallophaga: Menoponidae) of the Passeriformes (Aves)"
893:, India, (the Bulbul (বΰ§ΰ¦²ΰ¦¬ΰ§ΰ¦²ΰ§) bird as it is known in
677:
and these hybrids were once described as a subspecies
3105:
Thirumurthi, S; Annamalai, R; Gunasekaran, V (1993).
768:). They have also been seen feeding on the leaves of
2882:"Two unusual nesting sites of the Redvented Bulbul (
478:: Found in south-central Burma and northern Thailand
3223:
2694:Boughton, Donald (1938). "Avian Hosts of the Genus
2123:
pod in Pt. Calimere Wildlife Sanctuary, Tamil Nadu"
1952:
Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International
328:
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature
2623:
2478:in a scrub jungle at Tirupati in Andhra Pradesh".
2449:found in the nest of the Bengal Red-vented Bulbul
1938:Downs, Colleen T.; Hart, Lorinda A., eds. (2020).
1933:
1931:
1929:
1048:Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History
943:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22712695A132102224.en
393:of northern Burma, are now considered as hybrids.
2499:"Acoustic communication in the Red-vented Bulbul
1751:"The further spread of introduced birds in Samoa"
667:) has a dark mantle with narrow pale edges. Race
468:: Found in northern Burma and south-western China
980:. International Union for Conservation of Nature
2810:(4th ed.). Gurney & Jackson. pp.
1008:. The Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG).
870:
2341:"Additional nesting sites of Redvented Bulbul
2339:Sivasubramanian, C; Sundaramoorthy, T (1992).
1261:Dickinson, E.C. & R.W.R.J. Dekker (2002).
3190:Red-vented bulbul videos, photos & sounds
2899:"Incubation pattern in the Red-vented Bulbul
498:: Originally described as a separate species
8:
2312:Urfi, Abdul Jamil; Jethua, Keshubha (1998).
1376:
1374:
1372:
825:Like most birds, these bulbuls are hosts to
639:has a paler brown mantle. The nominate race
378:that was introduced by the German zoologist
2314:"Unusual nest location of Redvented Bulbul
1846:
1844:
1749:McAllan, Ian AW & Hobcroft, D. (2005).
1629:. Terrey Hills, Sydney: Reed. p. 300.
1446:Handbook of the birds of India and Pakistan
1293:. Bombay Natural History Society. pp.
3211:
1290:Handlist of the birds of the Indian empire
448:and along the western Himalayas to Kumaon.
77:
50:
36:
27:
2788:
2521:
2364:
2362:
1806:
941:
314:in South Africa. He used the French name
2771:Stimson, John & Mark Berman (1990).
2510:Anais da Academia Brasileira de CiΓͺncias
1940:Invasive birds global trends and impacts
1707:Labour angry at $ 1000 angry bird reward
1381:Rasmussen PC & Anderton, JC (2005).
1178:Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive
1174:"Key to Scientific Names in Ornithology"
1853:"Foraging ecology of Red-vented Bulbul
1851:Bhatt, Dinesh & Anil Kumar (2001).
1486:Baker, ECS (1915). "An albino bulbul".
1038:
1036:
910:
631:of the South Assam hills is similar to
538:
316:Le merle hupΓ© du Cap de Bonne EspΓ©rance
1439:
1437:
1256:
1254:
1223:
1221:
1096:; Greenway, James C. Jr, eds. (1960).
330:. When in 1766 the Swedish naturalist
282:. It is a resident breeder across the
2981:General and Comparative Endocrinology
1782:Nowakowski JJ & Dulisz B (2019).
1723:Williams, R.N; Giddings, L.V (1984).
1650:Gill, BJ; GR Hunt & S Sirgouant.
1383:Birds of South Asia: The Ripley Guide
1239:. International Ornithologists' Union
726:have been used to protect cultivated
7:
3504:1129f7a1-0a8f-4724-9506-e251c19e4a90
2626:Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry
1530:"Melanism in the Red-vented Bulbul (
3566:IUCN Red List least concern species
2865:(Linnaeus). Pavo 26(1&2):37β48.
2858:(Linnaeus). Pavo 27(1&2), 5β14.
929:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
500:Stelgidocichla latirostris saturata
2661:The Journal of Zoo Animal Medicine
2372:The Bird of India Volume 2. Part 1
1428:10.1111/j.1474-919X.1909.tb05264.x
1363:10.1111/j.1474-919X.1959.tb02373.x
1127:10.1111/j.1474-919X.1952.tb01847.x
359:in India by the German naturalist
320:Merula Cristata Capitis Bonae Spei
14:
3027:Rana BD (1976). "Drought food of
2235:Molpastes haemarrhous bengalensis
2807:Popular Handbook of Indian Birds
2545:Mishra, R.M.; Gupta, P. (2005).
2388:"Wire nests of Redvented Bulbul
2264:nesting in a hole in a mud bank"
2119:"Bulbuls feeding on the pulp of
1507:"A curious instance of melanism"
1099:Check-list of Birds of the World
978:Global Invasive Species Database
598:
583:
560:
541:
410:Central Indian red-vented bulbul
102:
3192:on the Internet Bird Collection
2523:10.1590/S0001-37652004000200024
2067:feeding on tail of House Gecko
2036:to feed on a young House Gecko
1231:; Donsker, David, eds. (2018).
918:BirdLife International (2018).
385:Two formerly designated races,
2179:(Sykes), Purplerumped Sunbird
2175:as food of Large Grey Babbler
505:. Found in north-eastern India
496:(Whistler & Kinnear, 1932)
326:and are not recognised by the
1:
2445:"A Pied-Crested Cuckoo's egg
2212:(linnaeus) nesting indoors".
2183:(Linn.) and Redvented Bulbul
2061:Sharma, Satish Kumar (2000).
2032:"Attempt by Redvented Bulbul
302:In 1760 the French zoologist
3127:Pycnonotus luteolus luteolus
2993:10.1016/0016-6480(82)90042-9
2868:Deignan, HG (1949) Races of
2630:. New York, NY: Worth Publ.
1669:(3): 214β215. Archived from
1461:"An albino Redvented Bulbul
3606:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
3038:Newsletter for Birdwatchers
3015:Newsletter for Birdwatchers
2967:Newsletter for Birdwatchers
2931:Newsletter for Birdwatchers
2908:Newsletter for Birdwatchers
2835:Newsletter for Birdwatchers
2700:The Ohio Journal of Science
2171:"Sugary exudate of Sorghum
2151:Newsletter for Birdwatchers
2117:Balasubramanian, P (1991).
2099:Newsletter for Birdwatchers
1237:World Bird List Version 8.1
671:is known to hybridize with
3622:
3035:in the Rajasthan desert".
1954:(CABI). pp. xvi+381.
18:
3196:Invasive species database
3172:South Pacific J. Nat. Sci
2832:: two peculiar features.
2622:Nelson & Cox (2000).
2069:Hemidactylus flaviviridis
2038:Hemidactylus flaviviridis
2005:(Linne) eating petals of
1870:: 109β110. Archived from
1607:: 109β117. Archived from
1444:Ali S, Ripley SD (1996).
1323:: 115β160. Archived from
1020:Brisson, Mathurin Jacques
936:: e.T22712695A132102224.
766:Hemidactylus flaviviridis
521:: Found in southern India
488:: Found in eastern India
240:
233:
214:
207:
99:Scientific classification
97:
75:
66:
61:
49:
44:
35:
30:
3056:J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc
2953:J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc
2943:Dhamke Hemant A (1997).
2750:10.1093/jmedent/14.2.207
2725:Price, Roger D. (1977).
2457:J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc
2426:J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc
2396:J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc
2349:J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc
2322:J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc
2295:J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc
2268:J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc
2241:J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc
2191:J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc
2146:"Bulbuls eating flowers"
2144:Siromoney, Gift (1963).
2127:J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc
2075:J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc
2044:J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc
2013:J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc
1944:Wallingford, Oxfordshire
1538:J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc
1511:J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc
1469:J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc
709:Distribution and habitat
608:showing vent, Sri Lanka.
427:Punjab red-vented bulbul
304:Mathurin Jacques Brisson
298:Taxonomy and systematics
45:Adult in winter morning
3601:Birds described in 1766
3170:(Aves, Pycnonotidae)".
3071:(linnaeus) incubate?".
2804:Whistler, Hugh (1949).
1999:Johnson, J. M. (1989).
1808:10.3391/bir.2019.8.4.24
1784:"The Red-vented Bulbul
1764:: 16β20. Archived from
1459:Joshua, Justus (1996).
288:list of the world's 100
3123:Pycnonotus cafer cafer
3092:(Gray) in captivity".
2476:Pycnonotus cafer cafer
2169:Kumar, Satish (1995).
2094:"Fly-catching bulbuls"
1897:Bishop Mus. Occas. Pap
1625:Long, John L. (1981).
1573:Pycnonotus cafer cafer
887:
802:
701:Melanistic as well as
659:. The Sri Lankan race
389:in southern Burma and
292:invasive alien species
2480:Journal of Ecobiology
2451:Molpastes bengalensis
1652:"Red-vented Bulbuls (
848:red-whiskered bulbuls
800:
760:Behaviour and ecology
684:Pycnonotus aurigaster
674:Pycnonotus leucogenys
274:) is a member of the
247:(Linnaeus, 1766)
3050:Richards BD (1918).
2790:10.1038/hdy.1990.110
2497:Kumar, Anil (2004).
2285:Nanjappa, C (1989).
2181:Nectarinia zeylonica
2030:Bharos, AMK (1999).
1795:BioInvasions Records
1577:P. luteolus luteolus
1569:Vijayan, VS (1975).
1406:Sharpe, R B (1909).
801:Eggs inside the nest
535:: Found in Sri Lanka
3576:Birds of South Asia
3151:1983EmuAO..83..173W
2585:1958Natur.182.1689R
2579:(4650): 1689β1690.
2447:Coccystes jacobinus
2369:Jerdon, TC (1863).
2231:Inglis, CM (1922).
2092:Marathe, S (1989).
1857:in Haridwar, India"
1713:. 15 November 2013.
1656:) in New Caledonia"
1592:Watling, D (1978).
1287:Baker, ECS (1921).
788:pied crested cuckoo
606:P. c. haemorrhousus
525:P. c. haemorrhousus
284:Indian subcontinent
255:Linnaeus, 1766
69:Conservation status
21:sooty-headed bulbul
3033:Psittacula krameri
2920:Desai, RN (1997).
2897:Desai, RN (1995).
2880:Desai, RN (1993).
2443:Tooth, EE (1902).
2386:Lamba, BS (1968).
2260:"Redvented Bulbul
2258:Lamba, BS (1976).
2177:Turdoides malcolmi
2106:(9&10): 10β11.
2063:"Redvented Bulbul
2001:"Redvented Bulbul
1410:Molpastes magrathi
1317:Zool. Verh. Leiden
1270:Zool. Verh. Leiden
1204:"GeneralΓΌbersicht"
841:Menacanthus guldum
803:
754:introduced species
739:Miconia calvescens
635:. The desert race
31:Red-vented bulbul
3553:
3552:
3525:Open Tree of Life
3494:red-vented-bulbul
3217:Taxon identifiers
3201:New Zealand alert
3159:10.1071/MU9830173
3052:"Food of bulbuls"
2637:978-1-57259-931-4
2593:10.1038/1821689b0
1987:978-1-78924-208-9
1979:978-1-78924-207-2
1961:978-1-78924-206-5
1636:978-0-589-50260-7
1505:Berry, P (1894).
1158:978-0-9568611-2-2
829:blood parasites (
592:P. c. bengalensis
534:
520:
504:
497:
487:
477:
472:P. c. melanchimus
467:
457:
452:P. c. bengalensis
439:
431:P. c. intermedius
422:
387:P. c. nigropileus
312:Cape of Good Hope
266:red-vented bulbul
262:
261:
92:
55:
3613:
3581:Birds of Myanmar
3546:
3545:
3543:Pycnonotus-cafer
3533:
3532:
3520:
3519:
3507:
3506:
3497:
3496:
3487:
3486:
3474:
3473:
3471:NHMSYS0001689626
3461:
3460:
3448:
3447:
3435:
3434:
3422:
3421:
3409:
3408:
3396:
3395:
3383:
3382:
3370:
3369:
3357:
3356:
3344:
3343:
3331:
3330:
3321:
3320:
3308:
3307:
3295:
3294:
3285:
3284:
3282:pycnonotus-cafer
3272:
3271:
3269:Pycnonotus_cafer
3259:
3258:
3257:
3255:Pycnonotus cafer
3244:
3243:
3242:
3225:Pycnonotus cafer
3212:
3179:
3168:Pycnonotus cafer
3162:
3135:Pycnonotus cafer
3118:
3109:Pycnonotus cafer
3101:
3086:Pycnonotus cafer
3080:
3069:Pycnonotus cafer
3063:
3046:
3029:Pycnonotus cafer
3023:
3010:Pycnonotus cafer
3004:
2975:
2960:
2947:Pycnonotus cafer
2939:
2924:Pycnonotus cafer
2916:
2901:Pycnonotus cafer
2893:
2884:Pycnonotus cafer
2870:Pycnonotus cafer
2863:Pycnonotus cafer
2856:Pycnonotus cafer
2851:
2830:Pycnonotus cafer
2816:
2815:
2801:
2795:
2794:
2792:
2768:
2762:
2761:
2735:
2722:
2716:
2715:
2691:
2685:
2684:
2673:10.2307/20094480
2656:
2650:
2649:
2629:
2619:
2613:
2612:
2568:
2562:
2561:
2554:Tropical Ecology
2551:
2542:
2536:
2535:
2525:
2507:
2501:Pycnonotus cafer
2494:
2488:
2487:
2471:
2465:
2464:
2440:
2434:
2433:
2410:
2404:
2403:
2390:Pycnonotus cafer
2383:
2377:
2376:
2366:
2357:
2356:
2343:Pycnonotus cafer
2336:
2330:
2329:
2316:Pycnonotus cafer
2309:
2303:
2302:
2289:Pycnonotus cafer
2282:
2276:
2275:
2262:Pycnonotus cafer
2255:
2249:
2248:
2228:
2222:
2221:
2210:Pycnonotus cafer
2205:
2199:
2198:
2185:Pycnonotus cafer
2166:
2160:
2159:
2141:
2135:
2134:
2114:
2108:
2107:
2089:
2083:
2082:
2065:Pycnonotus cafer
2058:
2052:
2051:
2034:Pycnonotus cafer
2027:
2021:
2020:
2003:Pycnonotus cafer
1996:
1990:
1973:
1935:
1924:
1923:
1911:
1905:
1904:
1894:
1885:
1879:
1878:
1876:
1861:
1855:Pycnonotus cafer
1848:
1839:
1838:
1831:Wildl. Soc. Bull
1828:
1819:
1813:
1812:
1810:
1792:
1786:Pycnonotus cafer
1779:
1773:
1772:
1770:
1755:
1746:
1740:
1739:
1729:
1720:
1714:
1704:
1698:
1697:
1695:
1694:
1684:
1678:
1677:
1675:
1660:
1654:Pycnonotus cafer
1647:
1641:
1640:
1622:
1616:
1615:
1613:
1598:
1589:
1583:
1582:
1566:
1560:
1559:
1552:
1546:
1545:
1528:Law, SC (1921).
1525:
1519:
1518:
1502:
1496:
1495:
1483:
1477:
1476:
1463:Pycnonotus cafer
1456:
1450:
1449:
1441:
1432:
1431:
1403:
1397:
1396:
1378:
1367:
1366:
1343:Pycnonotus cafer
1338:
1332:
1331:
1329:
1314:
1305:
1299:
1298:
1284:
1278:
1277:
1267:
1258:
1249:
1248:
1246:
1244:
1225:
1216:
1215:
1196:
1190:
1189:
1187:
1185:
1169:
1163:
1162:
1137:
1131:
1130:
1110:
1104:
1103:
1090:
1084:
1083:
1070:
1064:
1063:
1040:
1031:
1029:
1016:
1010:
1009:
1007:
996:
990:
989:
987:
985:
970:
964:
961:
955:
954:
952:
950:
945:
922:Pycnonotus cafer
915:
889:In the state of
885:
853:Danaus plexippus
835:sp.) while some
812:Carissa spinarum
602:
587:
564:
545:
528:
514:
502:
495:
485:
475:
465:
455:
434:
417:
405:are recognized:
391:P. c. burmanicus
365:specific epithet
361:Erwin Stresemann
271:Pycnonotus cafer
256:
248:
220:
218:Pycnonotus cafer
107:
106:
86:
81:
80:
57:
56:
40:
28:
3621:
3620:
3616:
3615:
3614:
3612:
3611:
3610:
3556:
3555:
3554:
3549:
3541:
3536:
3528:
3523:
3515:
3512:Observation.org
3510:
3502:
3500:
3492:
3490:
3482:
3477:
3469:
3464:
3456:
3451:
3443:
3438:
3430:
3425:
3417:
3412:
3404:
3399:
3391:
3386:
3378:
3373:
3365:
3360:
3352:
3347:
3339:
3334:
3326:
3324:
3316:
3311:
3303:
3298:
3290:
3288:
3280:
3275:
3267:
3262:
3253:
3252:
3247:
3238:
3237:
3232:
3219:
3186:
3165:
3132:
3104:
3088:(Linnaeus) and
3083:
3066:
3049:
3026:
3007:
2978:
2963:
2942:
2919:
2896:
2879:
2872:(Linnaeus) and
2841:
2825:
2823:Further reading
2820:
2819:
2803:
2802:
2798:
2770:
2769:
2765:
2738:J. Med. Entomol
2733:
2724:
2723:
2719:
2698:(Coccidiida)".
2693:
2692:
2688:
2658:
2657:
2653:
2638:
2621:
2620:
2616:
2570:
2569:
2565:
2549:
2544:
2543:
2539:
2505:
2496:
2495:
2491:
2473:
2472:
2468:
2442:
2441:
2437:
2420:Molpastes cafer
2414:McCann, Charles
2412:
2411:
2407:
2385:
2384:
2380:
2368:
2367:
2360:
2338:
2337:
2333:
2311:
2310:
2306:
2284:
2283:
2279:
2257:
2256:
2252:
2247:(4): 1135β1136.
2230:
2229:
2225:
2207:
2206:
2202:
2173:Sorghum bicolor
2168:
2167:
2163:
2143:
2142:
2138:
2116:
2115:
2111:
2091:
2090:
2086:
2060:
2059:
2055:
2029:
2028:
2024:
1998:
1997:
1993:
1962:
1937:
1936:
1927:
1913:
1912:
1908:
1892:
1887:
1886:
1882:
1874:
1859:
1850:
1849:
1842:
1826:
1821:
1820:
1816:
1790:
1781:
1780:
1776:
1768:
1753:
1748:
1747:
1743:
1732:Wilson Bulletin
1727:
1722:
1721:
1717:
1705:
1701:
1692:
1690:
1686:
1685:
1681:
1673:
1658:
1649:
1648:
1644:
1637:
1624:
1623:
1619:
1611:
1596:
1591:
1590:
1586:
1568:
1567:
1563:
1554:
1553:
1549:
1527:
1526:
1522:
1504:
1503:
1499:
1488:Rec. Indian Mus
1485:
1484:
1480:
1458:
1457:
1453:
1443:
1442:
1435:
1405:
1404:
1400:
1393:
1380:
1379:
1370:
1340:
1339:
1335:
1327:
1312:
1307:
1306:
1302:
1286:
1285:
1281:
1265:
1260:
1259:
1252:
1242:
1240:
1227:
1226:
1219:
1200:Boie, Friedrich
1198:
1197:
1193:
1183:
1181:
1180:. Lynx Edicions
1171:
1170:
1166:
1159:
1147:, eds. (2014).
1141:Dickinson, E.C.
1139:
1138:
1134:
1112:
1111:
1107:
1092:
1091:
1087:
1072:
1071:
1067:
1042:
1041:
1034:
1018:
1017:
1013:
1005:
998:
997:
993:
983:
981:
972:
971:
967:
962:
958:
948:
946:
917:
916:
912:
907:
886:
881:
866:Carnatic region
862:
771:Medicago sativa
762:
748:is invasive in
711:
616:
609:
603:
594:
588:
579:
565:
556:
551:
546:
492:P. c. saturatus
462:P. c. stanfordi
399:
342:twelfth edition
337:Systema Naturae
324:binomial system
300:
254:
246:
244:Molpastes cafer
229:
222:
216:
203:
101:
93:
82:
78:
71:
51:
24:
17:
16:Species of bird
12:
11:
5:
3619:
3617:
3609:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3596:Birds of Samoa
3593:
3591:Birds of Tonga
3588:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3558:
3557:
3551:
3550:
3548:
3547:
3534:
3521:
3508:
3498:
3488:
3475:
3462:
3449:
3436:
3423:
3410:
3397:
3384:
3371:
3358:
3345:
3332:
3322:
3309:
3296:
3286:
3273:
3260:
3245:
3229:
3227:
3221:
3220:
3215:
3209:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3185:
3184:External links
3182:
3181:
3180:
3163:
3145:(3): 173β180.
3130:
3119:
3102:
3081:
3064:
3047:
3024:
3005:
2976:
2961:
2940:
2917:
2894:
2877:
2866:
2859:
2852:
2839:
2824:
2821:
2818:
2817:
2796:
2783:(3): 401β406.
2763:
2744:(2): 207β220.
2717:
2706:(3): 149β163.
2686:
2651:
2636:
2614:
2563:
2537:
2516:(2): 350β358.
2489:
2466:
2435:
2405:
2378:
2358:
2331:
2304:
2277:
2250:
2223:
2200:
2161:
2136:
2121:Cassia fistula
2109:
2084:
2053:
2022:
1991:
1960:
1925:
1906:
1880:
1877:on 2008-10-11.
1840:
1814:
1801:(4): 947β952.
1774:
1771:on 2008-10-18.
1741:
1715:
1699:
1679:
1676:on 2008-10-18.
1642:
1635:
1617:
1614:on 2008-10-16.
1584:
1561:
1547:
1520:
1497:
1478:
1451:
1433:
1422:(2): 302β304.
1398:
1392:978-8487334672
1391:
1368:
1357:(2): 177β182.
1333:
1330:on 2007-10-25.
1300:
1279:
1250:
1217:
1191:
1164:
1157:
1145:Christidis, L.
1132:
1121:(3): 499β523.
1105:
1085:
1074:Linnaeus, Carl
1065:
1032:
1011:
991:
965:
956:
909:
908:
906:
903:
879:
861:
858:
792:brood parasite
780:Water hyacinth
761:
758:
733:Lantana camara
710:
707:
615:
612:
611:
610:
604:
597:
595:
589:
582:
580:
572:P. c. humayuni
566:
559:
557:
549:P. c. humayuni
547:
540:
537:
536:
522:
508:
507:
506:
482:P. c. wetmorei
479:
469:
459:
449:
424:
414:P. c. humayuni
398:
395:
380:Friedrich Boie
318:and the Latin
299:
296:
260:
259:
258:
257:
249:
238:
237:
231:
230:
223:
212:
211:
205:
204:
197:
195:
191:
190:
183:
179:
178:
173:
169:
168:
163:
159:
158:
153:
149:
148:
143:
139:
138:
133:
129:
128:
123:
119:
118:
113:
109:
108:
95:
94:
76:
73:
72:
67:
64:
63:
59:
58:
47:
46:
42:
41:
33:
32:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3618:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3586:Birds of Fiji
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3563:
3561:
3544:
3539:
3535:
3531:
3526:
3522:
3518:
3513:
3509:
3505:
3499:
3495:
3489:
3485:
3480:
3476:
3472:
3467:
3463:
3459:
3454:
3450:
3446:
3441:
3437:
3433:
3428:
3424:
3420:
3415:
3411:
3407:
3402:
3398:
3394:
3389:
3385:
3381:
3376:
3372:
3368:
3363:
3359:
3355:
3350:
3346:
3342:
3337:
3333:
3329:
3323:
3319:
3314:
3310:
3306:
3301:
3297:
3293:
3287:
3283:
3278:
3274:
3270:
3265:
3261:
3256:
3250:
3246:
3241:
3235:
3231:
3230:
3228:
3226:
3222:
3218:
3213:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3191:
3188:
3187:
3183:
3177:
3173:
3169:
3164:
3160:
3156:
3152:
3148:
3144:
3140:
3136:
3131:
3128:
3124:
3120:
3116:
3112:
3110:
3103:
3099:
3095:
3091:
3090:P. leucogenys
3087:
3082:
3079:(2): 128β129.
3078:
3074:
3070:
3065:
3061:
3057:
3053:
3048:
3044:
3040:
3039:
3034:
3030:
3025:
3021:
3017:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3002:
2998:
2994:
2990:
2987:(1): 98β103.
2986:
2982:
2977:
2973:
2969:
2968:
2962:
2959:(2): 413β414.
2958:
2954:
2950:
2948:
2941:
2937:
2933:
2932:
2927:
2925:
2918:
2914:
2910:
2909:
2904:
2902:
2895:
2891:
2887:
2885:
2878:
2875:
2874:P. aurigaster
2871:
2867:
2864:
2860:
2857:
2853:
2850:(2): 121β122.
2849:
2845:
2840:
2837:
2836:
2831:
2827:
2826:
2822:
2813:
2809:
2808:
2800:
2797:
2791:
2786:
2782:
2778:
2774:
2767:
2764:
2759:
2755:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2732:
2730:
2721:
2718:
2713:
2709:
2705:
2701:
2697:
2690:
2687:
2682:
2678:
2674:
2670:
2666:
2662:
2655:
2652:
2647:
2643:
2639:
2633:
2628:
2627:
2618:
2615:
2610:
2606:
2602:
2598:
2594:
2590:
2586:
2582:
2578:
2574:
2567:
2564:
2560:(2): 151β156.
2559:
2555:
2548:
2541:
2538:
2533:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2515:
2511:
2504:
2502:
2493:
2490:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2470:
2467:
2462:
2458:
2454:
2452:
2448:
2439:
2436:
2432:(3): 680β681.
2431:
2427:
2423:
2421:
2415:
2409:
2406:
2402:(1): 222β223.
2401:
2397:
2393:
2391:
2382:
2379:
2374:
2373:
2365:
2363:
2359:
2354:
2350:
2346:
2344:
2335:
2332:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2317:
2308:
2305:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2290:
2281:
2278:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2263:
2254:
2251:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2236:
2227:
2224:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2204:
2201:
2197:(3): 421β422.
2196:
2192:
2188:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2165:
2162:
2157:
2153:
2152:
2147:
2140:
2137:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2122:
2113:
2110:
2105:
2101:
2100:
2095:
2088:
2085:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2070:
2066:
2057:
2054:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2039:
2035:
2026:
2023:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2008:
2004:
1995:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1934:
1932:
1930:
1926:
1921:
1917:
1910:
1907:
1902:
1898:
1891:
1884:
1881:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1858:
1856:
1847:
1845:
1841:
1836:
1832:
1825:
1818:
1815:
1809:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1789:
1787:
1778:
1775:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1752:
1745:
1742:
1738:(4): 647β655.
1737:
1733:
1726:
1719:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1703:
1700:
1689:
1683:
1680:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1657:
1655:
1646:
1643:
1638:
1632:
1628:
1621:
1618:
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1602:
1595:
1588:
1585:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1565:
1562:
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1548:
1544:(3): 629β630.
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1535:
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1524:
1521:
1516:
1512:
1508:
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1498:
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1388:
1384:
1377:
1375:
1373:
1369:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1347:P. leucogenys
1344:
1337:
1334:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1311:
1304:
1301:
1296:
1292:
1291:
1283:
1280:
1275:
1271:
1264:
1257:
1255:
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1238:
1234:
1230:
1224:
1222:
1218:
1213:
1210:(in German).
1209:
1208:Isis von Oken
1205:
1201:
1195:
1192:
1179:
1175:
1168:
1165:
1160:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1136:
1133:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1109:
1106:
1101:
1100:
1095:
1089:
1086:
1081:
1080:
1075:
1069:
1066:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
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1039:
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1033:
1027:
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1021:
1015:
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969:
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930:
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904:
902:
900:
899:Bihu festival
896:
892:
884:
883:Hugh Whistler
878:
876:
869:
867:
859:
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849:
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842:
838:
834:
833:
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750:New Caledonia
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708:
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685:
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665:haemorrhousus
662:
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654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
613:
607:
601:
596:
593:
590:Underside of
586:
581:
577:
573:
569:
568:P. leucogenys
563:
558:
554:
550:
544:
539:
532:
526:
523:
518:
512:
509:
503:(Mearns 1914)
501:
493:
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486:Deignan, 1960
483:
480:
476:Deignan, 1949
473:
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466:Deignan, 1949
463:
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353:type location
350:
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346:binomial name
343:
339:
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332:Carl Linnaeus
329:
325:
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317:
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295:
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272:
267:
253:
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242:
241:
239:
236:
232:
227:
221:
219:
213:
210:
209:Binomial name
206:
202:
201:
200:P. cafer
196:
193:
192:
189:
188:
184:
181:
180:
177:
174:
171:
170:
167:
164:
161:
160:
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156:Passeriformes
154:
151:
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147:
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127:
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3125:(Linn.) and
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3093:
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3072:
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2838:40(6):83β84.
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2667:(3): 88β91.
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1682:
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348:
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319:
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307:
301:
270:
269:
265:
263:
252:Turdus cafer
251:
243:
217:
215:
199:
198:
186:
176:Pycnonotidae
162:Infraorder:
25:
3453:NatureServe
3388:iNaturalist
3249:Wikispecies
3100:(1): 26β36.
3022:(2): 20β21.
2915:(2): 35β36.
2729:Menacanthus
2486:(1): 45β50.
2392:(Linnaeus)"
2291:(Linnaeus)"
2220:(1): 19β31.
2187:(Linnaeus)"
1408:"A Note on
1229:Gill, Frank
1094:Mayr, Ernst
1054:: 317β335.
1044:Allen, J.A.
949:19 November
846:Along with
692:ginger beer
661:haemorrhous
657:bengalensis
647:is between
633:intermedius
625:bengalensis
621:intermedius
614:Description
511:P. c. cafer
456:Blyth, 1845
357:Pondicherry
3571:Pycnonotus
3560:Categories
3538:Xeno-canto
3178:: 104β124.
3137:in Fiji".
3045:(10): 5β6.
2974:(10): 2β5.
1970:1114281215
1837:: 633β638.
1693:2013-07-25
1494:: 351β352.
1412:Whitehead"
1214:. Col 973.
905:References
860:In culture
728:Dendrobium
720:Methiocarb
531:Gmelin, JF
446:Salt Range
403:subspecies
397:Subspecies
376:Pycnonotus
280:passerines
278:family of
187:Pycnonotus
166:Passerides
3062:(3): 503.
2712:1811/2942
2646:247815983
2463:(1): 172.
2355:(2): 257.
2328:(1): 116.
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1711:3 News NZ
1532:Molpastes
1517:(2): 224.
1475:(3): 586.
1276:: 93β114.
1233:"Bulbuls"
837:bird lice
827:coccidian
820:vitamin C
703:leucistic
629:stanfordi
553:Rajasthan
382:in 1826.
372:Neo-Latin
194:Species:
122:Kingdom:
116:Eukaryota
3458:2.102090
3445:22712695
3406:11307284
3305:22712695
3300:BirdLife
3289:BioLib:
3234:Wikidata
2938:(2): 27.
2777:Heredity
2696:Isospora
2681:20094480
2601:13622627
2532:15258649
2416:(1932).
2345:(Linn.)"
2318:(Linn.)"
2158:(6): 12.
2007:Magnolia
1922:: 16β19.
1903:: 23β36.
1864:Forktail
1758:Notornis
1663:Notornis
1601:Notornis
1202:(1826).
1076:(1766).
1060:2246/678
1022:(1760).
895:Assamese
880:β
839:such as
832:Isospora
746:P. cafer
679:magrathi
669:humayuni
653:humayuni
645:wetmorei
637:humayuni
576:magrathi
574:hybrid (
517:Linnaeus
340:for the
235:Synonyms
226:Linnaeus
172:Family:
136:Chordata
132:Phylum:
126:Animalia
112:Domain:
89:IUCN 3.1
3484:1003839
3367:2486131
3240:Q509455
3147:Bibcode
3001:7129090
2609:4145202
2581:Bibcode
1916:Elepaio
984:29 July
555:, India
533:, 1789)
519:, 1766)
419:Deignan
228:, 1766)
182:Genus:
152:Order:
142:Class:
87: (
3530:181049
3501:NZOR:
3491:NZBO:
3432:178506
3354:revbul
3328:revbul
3318:116890
3277:ARKive
3206:Hawaii
2999:
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2756:
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2644:
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2573:Nature
2530:
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1977:
1968:
1958:
1948:Boston
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1243:15 May
1184:15 May
1155:
438:, 1846
421:, 1951
401:Eight
363:. The
290:worst
276:bulbul
62:Calls
3517:18721
3419:45977
3401:IRMNG
3393:14593
3349:eBird
3341:4QMM8
3325:BOW:
3292:30899
2734:(PDF)
2727:"The
2677:JSTOR
2605:S2CID
2550:(PDF)
2506:(PDF)
1946:, UK
1893:(PDF)
1875:(PDF)
1860:(PDF)
1827:(PDF)
1791:(PDF)
1769:(PDF)
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1328:(PDF)
1313:(PDF)
1266:(PDF)
1006:(PDF)
891:Assam
790:is a
724:ziram
649:cafer
641:cafer
442:Kohat
436:Blyth
368:cafer
3479:NCBI
3440:IUCN
3427:ITIS
3375:GISD
3362:GBIF
3313:BOLD
3094:Pavo
3073:Pavo
3031:and
2997:PMID
2844:Pavo
2814:β70.
2754:PMID
2642:OCLC
2632:ISBN
2597:PMID
2528:PMID
2214:Pavo
1983:ISBN
1975:ISBN
1966:OCLC
1956:ISBN
1631:ISBN
1575:and
1416:Ibis
1387:ISBN
1351:Ibis
1297:β42.
1245:2018
1186:2018
1153:ISBN
1115:Ibis
986:2024
951:2021
934:2018
736:and
722:and
696:pick
655:and
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416:) -
264:The
146:Aves
3466:NBN
3414:ISC
3380:138
3336:CoL
3264:AFD
3155:doi
3139:Emu
2989:doi
2785:doi
2746:doi
2708:hdl
2669:doi
2589:doi
2577:182
2518:doi
1803:doi
1424:doi
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988:.
953:.
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578:)
529:(
515:(
429:(
412:(
268:(
224:(
91:)
23:.
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