376:
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115:
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215:
341:
Stage in the
Netherlands. There are difficulties in reconciling how the Red Crag equates with international chronological stages. In particular, the start and end dates are poorly defined due to the general paucity of age-diagnostic stratigraphic indicators and the fragmentary nature of the geology.
329:. It is considered that the Red Crag at Walton-on-the–Naze is the oldest and that it was deposited in only a few decades at some time between 2.9 and 2.6 mya. This has led to the UK
514:
Zalasiewicz, J. A.; Mathers, S. J.; Hughes, M. J.; Gibbard, P. L.; Peglar, S. M.; Harland, R.; Nicholson, R. A.; Boulton, G. S.; Cambridge, P.; Wealthall, G. P. (19 December 1988).
375:
351:
252:, and the area in which the Crag Group was deposited was a tidally dominated marine bay. This bay would have been subjected to enlargement and contraction brought about by
298:, a coarse shelly sand with thin beds of clay and silt. It was interpreted as having been deposited in large scale sand waves where the sea bed was deeper. The overlying
520:
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698:
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516:"Stratigraphy and palaeoenvironments of the Red Crag and Norwich Crag formations between Aldeburgh and Sizewell, Suffolk, England"
287:(SSSI); here a width of around 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) of Crag is exposed. At the coastline by Walton-on-the-Naze, remains of
708:
703:
114:
588:
249:
248:, a series of notably marine strata which belong to a period when Britain was connected to continental Europe by the
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The sediment in the outcrops mainly consists of coarse-grained and shelly sands that were deposited in sand waves (
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166:
240:
in south-eastern
Suffolk and north-eastern Essex. The name derives from its iron-stained reddish colour and
618:
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156:
452:
330:
253:
233:
128:
561:
Head, M. J. (1998). "Pollen and dinoflagellates from the Red Crag at Walton on the Naze, Essex".
271:) that migrated parallel to the shore in a south-westward direction. The most common fossils are
261:
643:
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342:
It can also be difficult to separate the Red Crag from the overlying
Norwich Crag Formation.
570:
529:
446:
427:
481:
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that were often worn by the abrasive environment. The most extensive exposure is found at
502:
418:
Dixon, R. G. (1979). "Sedimentary facies in Red Crag (Lower
Pleistocene, East Anglia)".
431:
692:
280:
66:
24:
623:. British Regional Geology (3rd ed.). London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office.
318:
41:
589:"Global Chronostratigraphical Correlation Table for the Last 2.7 Million Years"
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The Red Crag
Formation at depth in eastern Suffolk clearly has one member, the
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321:, but there is disagreement on more precise dating. According to the
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up to 20 metres (70 ft), locally up to 45 m, offshore up to 70 m
325:, the Red Crag sits within a segment of time from about 3.3 to 2.5
326:
189:
448:
Studies in mollusca of the Red Crag (Pleistocene, East Anglia)
381:
Shark tooth fossil from the Red Crag at
Felixstowe in Suffolk
306:
but there is more evidence to suggest that it is part of the
244:
which is an East
Anglian word for shells. It is part of the
638:
Lee, J. R.; Woods, M. A.; Moorlock, B. S. P., eds. (2015).
313:
It has been proposed that the Red Crag started in the late
302:, was provisionally assigned to the Red Crag based on its
357:
Geological map of the Crag
Deposits. From Chatwin (1954).
337:, which is usually correlated with the final Pliocene
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521:Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B
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317:and to have possibly extended up into the early
369:Fossils from the Red Crag. From Chatwin (1954).
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8:
642:(5th ed.). British Geological Survey.
420:Proceedings of the Geologists' Association
15:
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593:Subcommission on Quaternary Stratigraphy
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640:British Regional Geology: East Anglia
7:
119:Red Crag at Bawdsey Cliff in Suffolk
285:Site of Special Scientific Interest
14:
474:"Designated Sites: Bawdsey Cliff"
29:Late Pliocene - Early Pleistocene
549:Lee, Woods & Moorlock (2015)
406:Lee, Woods & Moorlock (2015)
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620:East Anglia and adjoining areas
595:. University of Cambridge. 2011
503:UK Fossils - Walton on the Naze
699:Geologic formations of England
1:
432:10.1016/s0016-7878(79)80014-0
462:– via British Library.
725:
260:driven by the 40,000-year
575:10.1017/S0016756898001745
323:British Geological Survey
112:
23:
283:, which is designated a
167:Coralline Crag Formation
709:Escarpments of England
704:Neogene United Kingdom
617:Chatwin, C.P. (1954).
535:10.1098/rstb.1988.0125
308:Norwich Crag Formation
250:Weald–Artois Anticline
157:Norwich Crag Formation
445:Dixon, R. G. (1977).
453:University of London
234:geological formation
129:Geological formation
671: /
563:Geological Magazine
408:, pp. 110–111.
331:stratigraphic stage
262:Milankovitch cycles
25:Stratigraphic range
675:51.9994°N 1.4211°E
230:Red Crag Formation
19:Red Crag Formation
649:978-0-85272-823-9
551:, pp. 92–93.
528:(1210): 221–272.
300:Thorpeness Member
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632:Bibliography
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597:. Retrieved
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486:. Retrieved
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456:. Retrieved
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291:were found.
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678: /
569:: 803–817.
319:Pleistocene
269:megaripples
258:regressions
693:Categories
663:51°59′58″N
390:References
277:gastropods
246:Crag Group
139:Crag Group
666:1°25′16″E
339:Reuverian
335:Waltonian
304:lithology
289:megalodon
181:Lithology
173:Thickness
153:Underlies
145:Sub-units
599:5 August
458:18 April
315:Pliocene
273:bivalves
238:outcrops
196:Location
163:Overlies
488:5 April
451:(PhD).
221:England
209:Country
186:Primary
135:Unit of
103:↓
646:
218:
204:Europe
201:Region
477:(PDF)
333:name
232:is a
644:ISBN
601:2016
490:2018
460:2018
275:and
256:and
242:crag
228:The
190:Sand
125:Type
42:PreꞒ
571:doi
567:135
530:doi
526:322
428:doi
327:mya
695::
609:^
591:.
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518:.
479:.
424:90
422:.
398:^
310:.
264:.
92:Pg
36:Ma
27::
652:.
603:.
577:.
573::
538:.
532::
492:.
434:.
430::
97:N
87:K
82:J
77:T
72:P
67:C
62:D
57:S
52:O
47:Ꞓ
31:~
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