131:
646:
454:
stresses to the frame; during the summer 1999 season, one of the Red
Jammers lost a front axle after the increased stresses had cracked the front frame members, and closer inspection revealed cracks in many buses, forcing the park's concessionaire to retire the fleet immediately. By that year, it was estimated that each bus had operated for at least 600,000 miles (970,000 km), assuming 100 miles (160 km) of operation each day for 60 years of 100-day seasons. The initial reaction was to make the retirement permanent, but a letter writing and phone campaign convinced the National Park Service to inspect the buses more thoroughly after the 1999 season.
407:
398:'s Glacier Park Transportation Company started an evaluation period that summer with ten 11-passenger buses, five 7-passenger touring cars, and two trucks supplied by White Motor Company. Although the capacity of the buses was overstated and offered primitive protection from the elements, they displaced the stagecoach operation later that summer, and Hill signed an exclusive agreement with White Motor Company to provide buses to Glacier. The original 1914 buses were retrofitted with improved bodies, and new buses were ordered and delivered between 1925 and 1927 after the original buses had aged.
714:
973:
1024:. The buses operated by Utah Parks had a unique dark green, silver, and black livery and lacked the distinctive teardrop-shaped rear fenders of the Glacier and Yellowstone White 706 buses. Like the Red Jammers of Glacier, the Utah Parks buses had five curbside doors, but the rearmost door and compartment were used for luggage, like the Yellowstone buses. Utah Parks acquired 21 of the 18-passenger White 706 buses between 1937 and 1939, which were replaced by larger
988:, giving tourists a ride around the town, is one of the buses originally built for Yellowstone, repainted in Red Jammer livery, distinguished by the gateswing doors on the rear and the metal bars on the rearmost side windows of the bus's luggage compartment. Access to the rear compartment of the Red Jammers built for Glacier, which is equipped with a bench seat for passengers, is provided through a single streetside door; there is no corresponding rear opening.
917:
378:, downshifting to third with a top speed of 22 mph (35 km/h). The White 706 also was available as a fourteen-passenger model, as operated in Yellowstone, omitting the rearmost bench seat in favor of a luggage compartment, distinguishable by the deletion of the rearmost streetside door in favor of a pair of rear gatewing doors, and the presence of metal bars on the rear doors and rearmost side windows and
22:
458:
358:, with credit for mechanical design to F.W. Black (president of White Motor Co.) and Herman Bender (Bender Body Co.). The White 16A engine and chassis was already being used for intercity and transit service; the canvas top had featured in the earlier White Model 614 buses, first built for Yellowstone since 1931. Some of the later buses built used the White Type 20 engine.
362:
537:. In Glacier, the challenge of driving Going-to-the-Sun road meant a steady demand for bus tours unlike the other parks, where the popularity of private automobiles led to the discontinuance of bus tours, and the other parks sold off their White 706 buses when continued maintenance became too costly in the 1960s.
964:
and special occasion transportation. Restored ex-Yellowstone No. 427 is available for rent from
American Movie Trucks, after having been auctioned in 2016. Two ex-Yellowstone White 706s were restored in the 1990s by Jack Damratoski; they were eventually sold to conduct tours in the Napa Valley region
393:
Transportation in
Glacier was originally established in 1913 using stagecoaches, but their reliability was poor due to the primitive roads and alpine weather; Walter White floated the idea of using his company's vehicles instead to Louis Hill, who had developed the park's master tourism plan in 1914,
937:
in 2001. Skagway had acquired a small fleet of ex-Yellowstone buses from private collectors starting in 1987. The eight were restored in 2007 by TransGlobal. The restoration mirrored the earlier one performed in 2000โ02 by Ford and TransGlobal for the Red
Jammers; the bodies were removed and placed
453:
In 1989, the Red
Jammers were retrofitted with automatic transmissions, power steering, power brakes, new fuel-injected engines, and new axles. The replacement of the original standard transmissions eliminated the trademark "jamming" sound. However, the well-intentioned modifications in 1989 added
373:
Each of the Red
Jammers built for Glacier accommodated seventeen passengers on four four-abreast bench seats (plus one in front, next to the driver), with five doors on the right-hand (curb) side of the vehicle for passengers and one door on the left for the driver; there were four forward and one
501:
van chassis, which were stretched to match the original 176-inch (4,500 mm) wheelbase. The fenders were replaced with fiberglass replicas to accommodate the wider wheels, reduced in diameter from 21 to 16 inches (530 to 410 mm), and numerous detail improvements were made, including
509:, replacing the 5.4L V8s fitted in 2000โ02, and cosmetic details, including new wheels 19.5 inches (500 mm) in diameter and gauges, will more closely resemble the original equipment as delivered in the late 1930s. The modifications will be carried out by Legacy Classic Trucks, based in
933:, which originally purchased 98 White 706 buses and was that model's largest operator, currently has eight of the original White Model 706 buses available for tours and also keeps one in its original condition. Yellowstone's eight operating buses were repurchased from the
130:
444:
One of
Glacier's "missing" buses still survives to this day. The park keeps no. 78 stored in original condition at its headquarters in West Glacier. No. 100 was wrecked beyond repair during a fatal accident that occurred early in the morning of June 27, 1977.
469:
in
February 2000; Ford, which made a donation of $ 6.5 million to renovate the fleet, used no. 98 as a renovation prototype, with the cost for the pilot renovation to be shared between Ford and the park's concessionaire. The updated no. 98 debuted at
938:
on a Ford E-450 chassis with a 5.4L V8 gas engine. In addition, heaters were fitted (as delivered from White, there were no heaters and passengers were given lap blankets to stay warm) and the materials were upgraded.
374:
reverse speeds that required double-clutching to shift between them, with a top speed of approximately 45 mph (72 km/h). The mechanical brakes were prone to overheating and downhill speeds were controlled by
2188:
742:
98 buses originally delivered. 8 updated and returned to operation; most still exist and are owned by private collectors or museums. Unrestored no. 361 is in the
Yellowstone Museum collection.
1656:
1171:
2021:
422:. GPTC chose the new White Model 706 along with several other parks; 35 White 706 buses were manufactured for Glacier and delivered between 1936 and 1939, at a cost of
1918:
505:
In late 2018, another renovation was announced for the Red Jammer fleet. The engines installed in the earlier renovation will be replaced by hybrid-assisted
1892:
1089:
645:
2243:
485:
Glacier's entire operating fleet was modified between 2000 and 2002 by Ford in conjunction with TransGlobal in
Livonia, Michigan, to run on
2120:
2238:
2183:, a 501(c)3 educational organization dedicated to preserving the historic touring and transportation vehicles used in the National Parks
1792:
1685:
105:
1947:
259:
949:
474:
on June 21, 2001; a second prototype, no. 105, was rebuilt using a smaller Ford E350 chassis. The cost of restoring no. 98 was
1601:
1515:
406:
1021:
43:
2201:
941:
In at least one instance (for chassis no. 402), the original White inline-6 was replaced by a 300 in (4.9 L) Ford
702:
Kenworth supplied five buses of similar configuration to bring tourists from Seattle and Tacoma to Mount Rainier in 1937.
86:
639:
427:
297:
58:
39:
327:
could not eliminate all meshing clatter, permanently eliminated in a 1989 retrofit that added automatic transmissions.
1972:
1572:
1114:
852:
679:
530:
948:
Other private owners include an operator which restored two tour buses originally built for Yellowstone for tours of
335:
The White Motor Company Model 706 chassis with a 94 hp (70 kW) 318 cu in (5.2 L) White 16A
1040:
1017:
1013:
953:
625:
586:
526:
522:
478: (equivalent to $ 357,000 in 2023), of which Ford paid $ 177,000; subsequent restoration costs were reduced to
65:
502:
replacing the original plywood floors with aluminum, upgrading exterior lights, and fitting safety glass windows.
32:
1998:
930:
707:
1840:
942:
2159:
1770:
437:
Microbus was considered as a replacement for the Red Jammers in 1956; the Type 2s, which were then in use at
354:. The distinctive vehicles, with roll-back canvas convertible tops, were styled by noted industrial designer
72:
2071:
1341:
1200:
1025:
1460:
1141:
997:
747:
343:
1626:
1430:
1738:
415:
355:
351:
209:
136:
54:
1004:
operated White 706 buses on the Grand Circle loop tour, ferrying passengers from the railroad depot at
2217:
713:
497:
were fitted to the chassis. The bodies were removed from their original chassis and fitted to modern
1547:
1400:
1374:
1229:
461:
Red Jammer no. 94 full of passengers (2005), showing exterior changes from 2000 to 2002 renovation.\
2145:
1489:
1289:
1259:
957:
494:
471:
438:
313:
289:
251:
153:
965:
of California. Another ex-Yellowstone 706 (No. 386) was restored and sold to the Montage Hotel in
1009:
1001:
632:
617:
534:
466:
972:
985:
977:
434:
230:
201:
521:
Approximately 500 White 706s were manufactured and operated in seven National Parks by 1939:
1817:
1028:
1005:
966:
945:; other restorations (Nos. 363, 386, 427) have used original or contemporary White engines.
770:
Yosemite also had a fleet of 10 Pierce-Arrow buses built to the same general configuration.
506:
324:
305:
1172:"On Yellowstone's 150th anniversary, we drive a 1936 bus that toured the park's 2.2M acres"
342:
engine and body by Bender Body Company outperformed its competition during a group test at
2094:
922:
366:
336:
1710:
79:
375:
300:
in the United States to transport park visitors since 1936. While the buses are called
916:
2232:
620:. No known survivors. The 21 noted were shared between the three Utah/Arizona parks.
510:
498:
1060:
1522:
934:
2046:
1315:
418:
in 1933 forced GPTC to order new buses, as the existing fleet could not traverse
1686:"Catching the bus: Restored buses provide unique view at several national parks"
961:
465:
Bus no. 98 was driven 2,000 miles (3,200 km) to Michigan for inspection by
21:
457:
410:
No. 105 prior to restoration (2000), with narrow fenders and large black wheels
2209:
1090:"Big. Yellow. Different. Yellowstone-used White 706 bus lets all the light in"
419:
347:
317:
191:
395:
379:
274:
490:
385:
The body and trim colors were unique to the park in which they operated.
339:
1867:
1893:"Lot No. 123: 1937 White Model 706 Yellowstone Park Tour Bus by Bender"
1657:"Glacier National Park 'jammer buses' go quiet with new hybrid engines"
1290:"Glacier on Wheels: A History of the Park Buses (Part 3: 1939 to 2000)"
1260:"Glacier on Wheels: A History of the Park Buses (Part 2: 1927 to 1939)"
1230:"Glacier on Wheels: A History of the Park Buses (Part 1: 1913 to 1927)"
1142:"Gearjammer: Deadhead Races, Dusty's Tavern, and a 'Desperate Journey'"
486:
2006:
441:, were rejected for lacking air conditioning and having weak engines.
2022:"Yellowstone National Park: The wheels on the bus go round and round"
1919:"Lot No. 1234: 1936 White Model 706 'Glacier National Park' Tour Bus"
1748:. National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior. Summer 2013
245:
1948:"Legacy Classic Trucks' 1936 White Model 706 Yellowstone Tour Bus"
971:
952:. Another ex-Yellowstone White 706 (No. 433) has been used by the
456:
405:
361:
360:
320:
2189:"Collector driven to bring old Yellowstone Park touring bus back"
969:, where it will shuttle guests after its scheduled 2021 opening.
304:
for their distinctive livery, painted to match the color of ripe
293:
15:
2148:. Gerald R. Sherratt Library, Southern Utah University. 1939.
2180:
1780:. Vol. XXII, no. 2. February 1970. pp. 4โ9.
1602:"Glacier's Iconic Red Bus Fleet to Undergo Rehabilitation"
430:
still operated 33 of their original buses as of 2020.
2121:"You know the Red Jammer bus fleet, even if you don't"
1516:"On the Road Again: Glacier National Park's Red Buses"
1401:"Are They History? Glacier's Red Buses Leave the Road"
976:
Red Jammer replica (ex-Yellowstone) 1936 White 706 in
1973:"Lot S139: 1937 White Model 706 Yellowstone Park Bus"
1039:
One ex-Mount Rainier White 706 is on display at the
616:Silver roof, black trim & fenders. Operated by
557:
548:
273:
268:
258:
244:
239:
229:
224:
200:
190:
182:
159:
149:
144:
123:
46:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
350:in 1935, leading to that model's selection by the
921:ex-Yellowstone buses at Yellowstone (2002), via
482: (equivalent to $ 248,000 in 2023) per bus.
1548:"Red Jammers: The resilient relics of Glacier"
1967:
1965:
1872:Geyser Bob's Yellowstone Park History Service
1733:
1731:
426: (equivalent to $ 110,000 in 2023) each.
8:
1679:
1677:
1595:
1593:
1194:
1192:
1083:
1081:
1942:
1940:
1765:
1763:
1573:"1930s White Glacier National Park Red Bus"
1375:"Are They History? A Look Beneath the Hood"
1115:"1937 White Model 706 Yellowstone Park Bus"
1999:"Our Classic Gettysburg Battlefield Tours"
1424:
1422:
1368:
1366:
780:
539:
129:
120:
1283:
1281:
1253:
1251:
1223:
1221:
106:Learn how and when to remove this message
1199:Burns, Michael K. (September 14, 2003).
782:Restored White 706 buses at Yellowstone
2222:Buses of Yellowstone Preservation Trust
2187:Fitzgerald, John (September 13, 2003).
1521:. National Park Service. Archived from
1052:
1636:. Glacier Park Foundation. Summer 2002
1496:. Glacier Park Foundation. Summer 2000
960:since 2012 for special group tours of
674:33 of original 35 still in operation.
1793:"Jamming with the historic red buses"
1546:McAleer, Brendan (19 December 2013).
1461:"Red Bus / Gearjammer Reunion Update"
1088:Strohl, Daniel (September 13, 2017).
493:to lessen environmental impact. Ford
323:on the steep roads of the park. Even
7:
1841:"Yellow buses return to Yellowstone"
1407:. Glacier Park Foundation. Fall 1999
1201:"Going to the sun -- in grand style"
308:berries, the bus drivers are called
44:adding citations to reliable sources
2072:"White Yellowstone park bus (1937)"
1839:Vandergrift, Peter (May 27, 2007).
1600:Scott, Tristan (December 2, 2018).
250:5.2 L (318 cu in),
14:
2020:Shepherd, Beth (April 30, 2015).
1711:"Glacier National Park Red Buses"
1431:"Unsung Heroes of the Renovation"
369:, with five curbside doors (2006)
264:manual (retrofitted to automatic)
2119:Peek, Jeff (February 27, 2019).
1684:Brodwater, Mike (July 7, 2018).
1655:Chaney, Rob (December 5, 2018).
915:
712:
644:
20:
1791:Dettmer, Sarah (June 5, 2017).
950:Gettysburg National Battlefield
292:/Bender Body Company Model 706
31:needs additional citations for
2146:"Tour bus, Utah Parks Company"
2093:LaChance, David (March 2008).
1140:Monson, James W. (Fall 2001).
984:A White 706 which operates in
1:
1031:(A-590-11) starting in 1959.
533:, Yellowstone, Yosemite, and
2244:Glacier National Park (U.S.)
1340:Miller, Fred (Summer 2012).
314:unsynchronized transmissions
1950:(Press release). RacingJunk
1429:Hagen, John (Summer 2002).
279:4,470 mm (176 in)
2260:
2239:Buses of the United States
2051:Historic Flight Foundation
2047:"White Model 706 'Jammer'"
1342:"Red Bus Disaster of 1977"
1288:Djuff, Ray (Summer 2000).
1258:Djuff, Ray (Winter 2000).
1170:Peek, Jeff (25 May 2022).
1041:Longmire Historic District
954:Historic Flight Foundation
935:Skagway Street Car Company
2218:"1936โ1939 Model 706 Bus"
1470:. Glacier Park Foundation
1459:Lott, Leroy (Fall 2001).
1440:. Glacier Park Foundation
1381:. Glacier Park Foundation
1351:. Glacier Park Foundation
1296:. Glacier Park Foundation
1266:. Glacier Park Foundation
1236:. Glacier Park Foundation
1151:. Glacier Park Foundation
931:Yellowstone National Park
914:
615:
610:
607:
604:
601:
598:
595:
592:
590:
554:
551:
545:
312:because of the sound the
128:
2160:"The Utah Parks Company"
1866:Goss, Robert V. (2011).
1818:"1936 National Park Bus"
1627:"Renovation of the REDS"
1373:Kuhn, Jeff (Fall 1999).
1228:Djuff, Ray (Fall 1999).
541:White 706 bus summaries
2074:. American Movie Trucks
2026:Wanderlust and Lipstick
1820:. National Park Service
998:Union Pacific Railroad
981:
462:
411:
370:
344:Yosemite National Park
2003:Historic Tour Company
1316:"White Motor Company"
1061:"Bender Body Company"
975:
460:
449:1999โ2002 restoration
428:Glacier National Park
416:Going-to-the-Sun Road
409:
364:
356:Alexis de Sakhnoffsky
352:National Park Service
316:made when the driver
298:Glacier National Park
210:Alexis de Sakhnoffsky
137:Prince of Wales Hotel
2212:on October 31, 2006.
2206:Open Top Bus Company
2166:. February 18, 2016.
1868:"White Buses In YNP"
1690:The Spokesman-Review
1094:Hemmings Motor News
956:satellite campus in
40:improve this article
2164:Homestead Telegraph
2125:Hagerty Price Guide
2099:Hemmings Motor News
1797:Great Falls Tribune
958:Spokane, Washington
783:
596:silver & black
542:
472:Lake McDonald Lodge
439:Banff National Park
290:White Motor Company
154:White Motor Company
135:Red Jammers at the
2200:Brassette, Duane.
2095:"The Scenic Route"
1002:Utah Parks Company
982:
781:
618:Utah Parks Company
540:
467:Ford Motor Company
463:
414:The completion of
412:
371:
1739:"The 'White' Bus"
1577:Seriouswheels.com
1205:The Baltimore Sun
978:Anaconda, Montana
928:
927:
774:
773:
435:Volkswagen Type 2
340:inline 6-cylinder
283:
282:
116:
115:
108:
90:
2251:
2225:
2213:
2208:. Archived from
2196:
2193:Billings Gazette
2168:
2167:
2156:
2150:
2149:
2142:
2136:
2135:
2133:
2131:
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2110:
2109:
2107:
2105:
2090:
2084:
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2068:
2062:
2061:
2059:
2057:
2043:
2037:
2036:
2034:
2032:
2017:
2011:
2010:
2009:on June 5, 2016.
2005:. Archived from
1995:
1989:
1988:
1986:
1984:
1969:
1960:
1959:
1957:
1955:
1944:
1935:
1934:
1932:
1930:
1915:
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1652:
1646:
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1643:
1641:
1634:The Inside Trail
1631:
1623:
1617:
1616:
1614:
1612:
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1583:
1569:
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1537:
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1527:
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1494:The Inside Trail
1490:"Red Bus Update"
1486:
1480:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1468:The Inside Trail
1465:
1456:
1450:
1449:
1447:
1445:
1438:The Inside Trail
1435:
1426:
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1405:The Inside Trail
1397:
1391:
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1379:The Inside Trail
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1349:The Inside Trail
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1294:The Inside Trail
1285:
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1264:The Inside Trail
1255:
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1234:The Inside Trail
1225:
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1211:
1196:
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1149:The Inside Trail
1146:
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1128:
1126:
1111:
1105:
1104:
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1085:
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1057:
1006:Cedar City, Utah
967:Big Sky, Montana
919:
784:
716:
648:
543:
481:
477:
425:
365:A Red Jammer at
325:double-clutching
288:are the vintage
225:Body and chassis
192:Model years
160:Also called
133:
121:
111:
104:
100:
97:
91:
89:
48:
24:
16:
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1778:Motor Coach Age
1773:
1771:"Utah Parks Co"
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1606:Flathead Beacon
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923:Skagway, Alaska
920:
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57: โ
56:
55:"Red Jammers"
52:
51:Find sources:
45:
41:
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34:
29:This article
27:
23:
18:
17:
2221:
2210:the original
2205:
2192:
2181:Jammer Trust
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2154:
2140:
2128:. Retrieved
2124:
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2102:. Retrieved
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2076:. Retrieved
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2054:. Retrieved
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2029:. Retrieved
2025:
2015:
2007:the original
2002:
1993:
1981:. Retrieved
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1952:. Retrieved
1927:. Retrieved
1923:RM Sotheby's
1922:
1913:
1901:. Retrieved
1897:RM Sotheby's
1896:
1887:
1875:. Retrieved
1871:
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1849:. Retrieved
1845:Deseret News
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1530:. Retrieved
1523:the original
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1498:. Retrieved
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1123:. Retrieved
1118:
1109:
1097:. Retrieved
1093:
1068:. Retrieved
1064:
1055:
1038:
1029:Supercoaches
1022:Cedar Breaks
1018:Bryce Canyon
1014:Grand Canyon
995:
983:
947:
940:
929:
868:Great Falls
824:Yellowstone
737:
669:
626:Grand Canyon
611:
587:Bryce Canyon
527:Grand Canyon
523:Bryce Canyon
520:
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432:
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309:
306:mountain ash
301:
285:
284:
260:Transmission
217:Frank Bender
150:Manufacturer
102:
96:October 2017
93:
83:
76:
69:
62:
50:
38:Please help
33:verification
30:
1000:subsidiary
962:Felts Field
910:Mason City
777:Yellowstone
708:Yellowstone
525:, Glacier,
517:Other parks
480:US$ 140,000
476:US$ 202,000
286:Red Jammers
2233:Categories
2130:21 January
2104:24 January
2078:22 January
2056:22 January
2031:19 October
1983:19 October
1954:19 October
1929:19 October
1903:19 October
1877:21 January
1851:21 January
1824:22 January
1802:23 January
1752:22 January
1746:The Hoodoo
1720:22 January
1715:Smoky Bear
1695:21 January
1666:21 January
1640:21 January
1611:21 January
1557:21 January
1532:2008-03-13
1500:21 January
1474:21 January
1444:21 January
1411:21 January
1385:21 January
1355:21 January
1325:22 January
1320:Coachbuilt
1300:21 January
1270:21 January
1240:21 January
1210:22 January
1155:21 January
1125:21 January
1099:21 January
1070:21 January
1065:Coachbuilt
1047:References
896:Big Rocky
793:Year built
593:dark green
420:Logan Pass
348:California
269:Dimensions
240:Powertrain
214:F.W. Black
183:Production
66:newspapers
2202:"history"
1582:5 October
1035:Elsewhere
853:Hollywood
787:Orig. No.
424:US$ 5,000
396:Roe Emery
380:backlight
275:Wheelbase
254:White 16A
124:Model 706
1552:BBC News
986:Anaconda
943:inline-6
748:Yosemite
555:Quantity
495:5.4L V8s
337:flathead
296:used at
202:Designer
145:Overview
1181:18 July
1176:Hagerty
980:in 2016
790:New No.
689:black?
640:Glacier
487:propane
389:History
318:shifted
310:jammers
196:1936โ39
186:1935โ39
175:Jammers
172:Yellows
80:scholar
1121:. 2016
1020:, and
882:Monty
722:black
719:yellow
654:black
581:Total
558:Notes
552:Colors
331:Design
246:Engine
231:Layout
166:Whites
139:(2006)
82:
75:
68:
61:
53:
1774:(PDF)
1742:(PDF)
1630:(PDF)
1526:(PDF)
1519:(PDF)
1464:(PDF)
1434:(PDF)
1345:(PDF)
1145:(PDF)
1026:Crown
754:white
549:Image
321:gears
294:buses
87:JSTOR
73:books
2132:2020
2106:2020
2080:2020
2058:2020
2033:2020
1985:2020
1956:2020
1931:2020
1905:2020
1879:2020
1853:2020
1847:. AP
1826:2020
1804:2020
1754:2020
1722:2020
1697:2020
1668:2020
1642:2020
1613:2020
1584:2017
1559:2020
1502:2020
1476:2020
1446:2020
1413:2020
1387:2020
1357:2020
1327:2020
1302:2020
1272:2020
1242:2020
1212:2020
1183:2023
1157:2020
1127:2020
1101:2020
1072:2020
1010:Zion
996:The
907:1938
901:450
893:1937
887:434
879:1937
873:419
865:1937
859:413
849:1937
843:408
835:1937
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815:377
807:1936
801:372
686:red?
633:Zion
578:1939
575:1938
572:1937
569:1936
566:Trim
563:Body
546:Park
535:Zion
433:The
394:and
302:reds
169:Reds
59:news
1008:to
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876:517
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651:red
491:gas
489:or
346:in
42:by
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599:โ
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84:ยท
77:ยท
70:ยท
63:ยท
36:.
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