Knowledge (XXG)

Red Jammers

Source ๐Ÿ“

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stresses to the frame; during the summer 1999 season, one of the Red Jammers lost a front axle after the increased stresses had cracked the front frame members, and closer inspection revealed cracks in many buses, forcing the park's concessionaire to retire the fleet immediately. By that year, it was estimated that each bus had operated for at least 600,000 miles (970,000 km), assuming 100 miles (160 km) of operation each day for 60 years of 100-day seasons. The initial reaction was to make the retirement permanent, but a letter writing and phone campaign convinced the National Park Service to inspect the buses more thoroughly after the 1999 season.
407: 398:'s Glacier Park Transportation Company started an evaluation period that summer with ten 11-passenger buses, five 7-passenger touring cars, and two trucks supplied by White Motor Company. Although the capacity of the buses was overstated and offered primitive protection from the elements, they displaced the stagecoach operation later that summer, and Hill signed an exclusive agreement with White Motor Company to provide buses to Glacier. The original 1914 buses were retrofitted with improved bodies, and new buses were ordered and delivered between 1925 and 1927 after the original buses had aged. 714: 973: 1024:. The buses operated by Utah Parks had a unique dark green, silver, and black livery and lacked the distinctive teardrop-shaped rear fenders of the Glacier and Yellowstone White 706 buses. Like the Red Jammers of Glacier, the Utah Parks buses had five curbside doors, but the rearmost door and compartment were used for luggage, like the Yellowstone buses. Utah Parks acquired 21 of the 18-passenger White 706 buses between 1937 and 1939, which were replaced by larger 988:, giving tourists a ride around the town, is one of the buses originally built for Yellowstone, repainted in Red Jammer livery, distinguished by the gateswing doors on the rear and the metal bars on the rearmost side windows of the bus's luggage compartment. Access to the rear compartment of the Red Jammers built for Glacier, which is equipped with a bench seat for passengers, is provided through a single streetside door; there is no corresponding rear opening. 917: 378:, downshifting to third with a top speed of 22 mph (35 km/h). The White 706 also was available as a fourteen-passenger model, as operated in Yellowstone, omitting the rearmost bench seat in favor of a luggage compartment, distinguishable by the deletion of the rearmost streetside door in favor of a pair of rear gatewing doors, and the presence of metal bars on the rear doors and rearmost side windows and 22: 458: 358:, with credit for mechanical design to F.W. Black (president of White Motor Co.) and Herman Bender (Bender Body Co.). The White 16A engine and chassis was already being used for intercity and transit service; the canvas top had featured in the earlier White Model 614 buses, first built for Yellowstone since 1931. Some of the later buses built used the White Type 20 engine. 362: 537:. In Glacier, the challenge of driving Going-to-the-Sun road meant a steady demand for bus tours unlike the other parks, where the popularity of private automobiles led to the discontinuance of bus tours, and the other parks sold off their White 706 buses when continued maintenance became too costly in the 1960s. 964:
and special occasion transportation. Restored ex-Yellowstone No. 427 is available for rent from American Movie Trucks, after having been auctioned in 2016. Two ex-Yellowstone White 706s were restored in the 1990s by Jack Damratoski; they were eventually sold to conduct tours in the Napa Valley region
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Transportation in Glacier was originally established in 1913 using stagecoaches, but their reliability was poor due to the primitive roads and alpine weather; Walter White floated the idea of using his company's vehicles instead to Louis Hill, who had developed the park's master tourism plan in 1914,
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in 2001. Skagway had acquired a small fleet of ex-Yellowstone buses from private collectors starting in 1987. The eight were restored in 2007 by TransGlobal. The restoration mirrored the earlier one performed in 2000โ€“02 by Ford and TransGlobal for the Red Jammers; the bodies were removed and placed
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In 1989, the Red Jammers were retrofitted with automatic transmissions, power steering, power brakes, new fuel-injected engines, and new axles. The replacement of the original standard transmissions eliminated the trademark "jamming" sound. However, the well-intentioned modifications in 1989 added
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Each of the Red Jammers built for Glacier accommodated seventeen passengers on four four-abreast bench seats (plus one in front, next to the driver), with five doors on the right-hand (curb) side of the vehicle for passengers and one door on the left for the driver; there were four forward and one
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van chassis, which were stretched to match the original 176-inch (4,500 mm) wheelbase. The fenders were replaced with fiberglass replicas to accommodate the wider wheels, reduced in diameter from 21 to 16 inches (530 to 410 mm), and numerous detail improvements were made, including
509:, replacing the 5.4L V8s fitted in 2000โ€“02, and cosmetic details, including new wheels 19.5 inches (500 mm) in diameter and gauges, will more closely resemble the original equipment as delivered in the late 1930s. The modifications will be carried out by Legacy Classic Trucks, based in 933:, which originally purchased 98 White 706 buses and was that model's largest operator, currently has eight of the original White Model 706 buses available for tours and also keeps one in its original condition. Yellowstone's eight operating buses were repurchased from the 130: 444:
One of Glacier's "missing" buses still survives to this day. The park keeps no. 78 stored in original condition at its headquarters in West Glacier. No. 100 was wrecked beyond repair during a fatal accident that occurred early in the morning of June 27, 1977.
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in February 2000; Ford, which made a donation of $ 6.5 million to renovate the fleet, used no. 98 as a renovation prototype, with the cost for the pilot renovation to be shared between Ford and the park's concessionaire. The updated no. 98 debuted at
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on a Ford E-450 chassis with a 5.4L V8 gas engine. In addition, heaters were fitted (as delivered from White, there were no heaters and passengers were given lap blankets to stay warm) and the materials were upgraded.
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reverse speeds that required double-clutching to shift between them, with a top speed of approximately 45 mph (72 km/h). The mechanical brakes were prone to overheating and downhill speeds were controlled by
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98 buses originally delivered. 8 updated and returned to operation; most still exist and are owned by private collectors or museums. Unrestored no. 361 is in the Yellowstone Museum collection.
1656: 1171: 2021: 422:. GPTC chose the new White Model 706 along with several other parks; 35 White 706 buses were manufactured for Glacier and delivered between 1936 and 1939, at a cost of 1918: 505:
In late 2018, another renovation was announced for the Red Jammer fleet. The engines installed in the earlier renovation will be replaced by hybrid-assisted
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Glacier's entire operating fleet was modified between 2000 and 2002 by Ford in conjunction with TransGlobal in Livonia, Michigan, to run on
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on June 21, 2001; a second prototype, no. 105, was rebuilt using a smaller Ford E350 chassis. The cost of restoring no. 98 was
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In at least one instance (for chassis no. 402), the original White inline-6 was replaced by a 300 in (4.9 L) Ford
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Kenworth supplied five buses of similar configuration to bring tourists from Seattle and Tacoma to Mount Rainier in 1937.
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could not eliminate all meshing clatter, permanently eliminated in a 1989 retrofit that added automatic transmissions.
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Other private owners include an operator which restored two tour buses originally built for Yellowstone for tours of
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The White Motor Company Model 706 chassis with a 94 hp (70 kW) 318 cu in (5.2 L) White 16A
1040: 1017: 1013: 953: 625: 586: 526: 522: 478: (equivalent to $ 357,000 in 2023), of which Ford paid $ 177,000; subsequent restoration costs were reduced to 65: 502:
replacing the original plywood floors with aluminum, upgrading exterior lights, and fitting safety glass windows.
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Microbus was considered as a replacement for the Red Jammers in 1956; the Type 2s, which were then in use at
354:. The distinctive vehicles, with roll-back canvas convertible tops, were styled by noted industrial designer 72: 2071: 1341: 1200: 1025: 1460: 1141: 997: 747: 343: 1626: 1430: 1738: 415: 355: 351: 209: 136: 54: 1004:
operated White 706 buses on the Grand Circle loop tour, ferrying passengers from the railroad depot at
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were fitted to the chassis. The bodies were removed from their original chassis and fitted to modern
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Red Jammer no. 94 full of passengers (2005), showing exterior changes from 2000 to 2002 renovation.\
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of California. Another ex-Yellowstone 706 (No. 386) was restored and sold to the Montage Hotel in
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Approximately 500 White 706s were manufactured and operated in seven National Parks by 1939:
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Yosemite also had a fleet of 10 Pierce-Arrow buses built to the same general configuration.
506: 324: 305: 1172:"On Yellowstone's 150th anniversary, we drive a 1936 bus that toured the park's 2.2M acres" 342:
engine and body by Bender Body Company outperformed its competition during a group test at
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in the United States to transport park visitors since 1936. While the buses are called
916: 2232: 620:. No known survivors. The 21 noted were shared between the three Utah/Arizona parks. 510: 498: 1060: 1522: 934: 2046: 1315: 418:
in 1933 forced GPTC to order new buses, as the existing fleet could not traverse
1686:"Catching the bus: Restored buses provide unique view at several national parks" 961: 465:
Bus no. 98 was driven 2,000 miles (3,200 km) to Michigan for inspection by
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No. 105 prior to restoration (2000), with narrow fenders and large black wheels
2209: 1090:"Big. Yellow. Different. Yellowstone-used White 706 bus lets all the light in" 419: 347: 317: 191: 395: 379: 274: 490: 385:
The body and trim colors were unique to the park in which they operated.
339: 1867: 1893:"Lot No. 123: 1937 White Model 706 Yellowstone Park Tour Bus by Bender" 1657:"Glacier National Park 'jammer buses' go quiet with new hybrid engines" 1290:"Glacier on Wheels: A History of the Park Buses (Part 3: 1939 to 2000)" 1260:"Glacier on Wheels: A History of the Park Buses (Part 2: 1927 to 1939)" 1230:"Glacier on Wheels: A History of the Park Buses (Part 1: 1913 to 1927)" 1142:"Gearjammer: Deadhead Races, Dusty's Tavern, and a 'Desperate Journey'" 486: 2006: 441:, were rejected for lacking air conditioning and having weak engines. 2022:"Yellowstone National Park: The wheels on the bus go round and round" 1919:"Lot No. 1234: 1936 White Model 706 'Glacier National Park' Tour Bus" 1748:. National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior. Summer 2013 245: 1948:"Legacy Classic Trucks' 1936 White Model 706 Yellowstone Tour Bus" 971: 952:. Another ex-Yellowstone White 706 (No. 433) has been used by the 456: 405: 361: 360: 320: 2189:"Collector driven to bring old Yellowstone Park touring bus back" 969:, where it will shuttle guests after its scheduled 2021 opening. 304:
for their distinctive livery, painted to match the color of ripe
293: 15: 2148:. Gerald R. Sherratt Library, Southern Utah University. 1939. 2180: 1780:. Vol. XXII, no. 2. February 1970. pp. 4โ€“9. 1602:"Glacier's Iconic Red Bus Fleet to Undergo Rehabilitation" 430:
still operated 33 of their original buses as of 2020.
2121:"You know the Red Jammer bus fleet, even if you don't" 1516:"On the Road Again: Glacier National Park's Red Buses" 1401:"Are They History? Glacier's Red Buses Leave the Road" 976:
Red Jammer replica (ex-Yellowstone) 1936 White 706 in
1973:"Lot S139: 1937 White Model 706 Yellowstone Park Bus" 1039:
One ex-Mount Rainier White 706 is on display at the
616:Silver roof, black trim & fenders. Operated by 557: 548: 273: 268: 258: 244: 239: 229: 224: 200: 190: 182: 159: 149: 144: 123: 46:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 350:in 1935, leading to that model's selection by the 921:ex-Yellowstone buses at Yellowstone (2002), via 482: (equivalent to $ 248,000 in 2023) per bus. 1548:"Red Jammers: The resilient relics of Glacier" 1967: 1965: 1872:Geyser Bob's Yellowstone Park History Service 1733: 1731: 426: (equivalent to $ 110,000 in 2023) each. 8: 1679: 1677: 1595: 1593: 1194: 1192: 1083: 1081: 1942: 1940: 1765: 1763: 1573:"1930s White Glacier National Park Red Bus" 1375:"Are They History? A Look Beneath the Hood" 1115:"1937 White Model 706 Yellowstone Park Bus" 1999:"Our Classic Gettysburg Battlefield Tours" 1424: 1422: 1368: 1366: 780: 539: 129: 120: 1283: 1281: 1253: 1251: 1223: 1221: 106:Learn how and when to remove this message 1199:Burns, Michael K. (September 14, 2003). 782:Restored White 706 buses at Yellowstone 2222:Buses of Yellowstone Preservation Trust 2187:Fitzgerald, John (September 13, 2003). 1521:. National Park Service. Archived from 1052: 1636:. Glacier Park Foundation. Summer 2002 1496:. Glacier Park Foundation. Summer 2000 960:since 2012 for special group tours of 674:33 of original 35 still in operation. 1793:"Jamming with the historic red buses" 1546:McAleer, Brendan (19 December 2013). 1461:"Red Bus / Gearjammer Reunion Update" 1088:Strohl, Daniel (September 13, 2017). 493:to lessen environmental impact. Ford 323:on the steep roads of the park. Even 7: 1841:"Yellow buses return to Yellowstone" 1407:. Glacier Park Foundation. Fall 1999 1201:"Going to the sun -- in grand style" 308:berries, the bus drivers are called 44:adding citations to reliable sources 2072:"White Yellowstone park bus (1937)" 1839:Vandergrift, Peter (May 27, 2007). 1600:Scott, Tristan (December 2, 2018). 250:5.2 L (318 cu in), 14: 2020:Shepherd, Beth (April 30, 2015). 1711:"Glacier National Park Red Buses" 1431:"Unsung Heroes of the Renovation" 369:, with five curbside doors (2006) 264:manual (retrofitted to automatic) 2119:Peek, Jeff (February 27, 2019). 1684:Brodwater, Mike (July 7, 2018). 1655:Chaney, Rob (December 5, 2018). 915: 712: 644: 20: 1791:Dettmer, Sarah (June 5, 2017). 950:Gettysburg National Battlefield 292:/Bender Body Company Model 706 31:needs additional citations for 2146:"Tour bus, Utah Parks Company" 2093:LaChance, David (March 2008). 1140:Monson, James W. (Fall 2001). 984:A White 706 which operates in 1: 1031:(A-590-11) starting in 1959. 533:, Yellowstone, Yosemite, and 2244:Glacier National Park (U.S.) 1340:Miller, Fred (Summer 2012). 314:unsynchronized transmissions 1950:(Press release). RacingJunk 1429:Hagen, John (Summer 2002). 279:4,470 mm (176 in) 2260: 2239:Buses of the United States 2051:Historic Flight Foundation 2047:"White Model 706 'Jammer'" 1342:"Red Bus Disaster of 1977" 1288:Djuff, Ray (Summer 2000). 1258:Djuff, Ray (Winter 2000). 1170:Peek, Jeff (25 May 2022). 1041:Longmire Historic District 954:Historic Flight Foundation 935:Skagway Street Car Company 2218:"1936โ€“1939 Model 706 Bus" 1470:. Glacier Park Foundation 1459:Lott, Leroy (Fall 2001). 1440:. Glacier Park Foundation 1381:. Glacier Park Foundation 1351:. Glacier Park Foundation 1296:. Glacier Park Foundation 1266:. Glacier Park Foundation 1236:. Glacier Park Foundation 1151:. Glacier Park Foundation 931:Yellowstone National Park 914: 615: 610: 607: 604: 601: 598: 595: 592: 590: 554: 551: 545: 312:because of the sound the 128: 2160:"The Utah Parks Company" 1866:Goss, Robert V. (2011). 1818:"1936 National Park Bus" 1627:"Renovation of the REDS" 1373:Kuhn, Jeff (Fall 1999). 1228:Djuff, Ray (Fall 1999). 541:White 706 bus summaries 2074:. American Movie Trucks 2026:Wanderlust and Lipstick 1820:. National Park Service 998:Union Pacific Railroad 981: 462: 411: 370: 344:Yosemite National Park 2003:Historic Tour Company 1316:"White Motor Company" 1061:"Bender Body Company" 975: 460: 449:1999โ€“2002 restoration 428:Glacier National Park 416:Going-to-the-Sun Road 409: 364: 356:Alexis de Sakhnoffsky 352:National Park Service 316:made when the driver 298:Glacier National Park 210:Alexis de Sakhnoffsky 137:Prince of Wales Hotel 2212:on October 31, 2006. 2206:Open Top Bus Company 2166:. February 18, 2016. 1868:"White Buses In YNP" 1690:The Spokesman-Review 1094:Hemmings Motor News 956:satellite campus in 40:improve this article 2164:Homestead Telegraph 2125:Hagerty Price Guide 2099:Hemmings Motor News 1797:Great Falls Tribune 958:Spokane, Washington 783: 596:silver & black 542: 472:Lake McDonald Lodge 439:Banff National Park 290:White Motor Company 154:White Motor Company 135:Red Jammers at the 2200:Brassette, Duane. 2095:"The Scenic Route" 1002:Utah Parks Company 982: 781: 618:Utah Parks Company 540: 467:Ford Motor Company 463: 414:The completion of 412: 371: 1739:"The 'White' Bus" 1577:Seriouswheels.com 1205:The Baltimore Sun 978:Anaconda, Montana 928: 927: 774: 773: 435:Volkswagen Type 2 340:inline 6-cylinder 283: 282: 116: 115: 108: 90: 2251: 2225: 2213: 2208:. 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Prince of Wales Hotel
White Motor Company
Model years
Designer
Alexis de Sakhnoffsky
Layout
Engine
I6
Transmission
Wheelbase
White Motor Company
buses
Glacier National Park
mountain ash
unsynchronized transmissions
shifted
gears
double-clutching

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