661:
413:
986:, a carnivorous plant, is native only to North and South Carolina in the United States. About 33% of the prey of the Venus flytrap are ants of various species. They lure their prey with a sweet sap. Once the prey has entered the trap and within about three seconds of touching two or three "trigger hairs" on the surface of the trap, the leaf closes around the prey and digests it. The majority of ants that are captured include non-native RIFAs, and three other species of ants. Other carnivorous plants, such as sundews (
578:-shaped mounds are constructed, but these are usually only found in open spaces, such as fields, parks, and lawns. These mounds can reach heights of 40 cm (16 in), but can be even higher on heavier soils, standing at 1.0 m (3 ft 3 in) in height and 1.5 m (4 ft 11 in) in diameter. Colonies are founded by small groups of queens or single queens. Even if only one queen survives, within a month or so, the colony can expand to thousands of individuals. Some colonies may be
606:
173:
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the absence of workers for defense. Fire ant queens may live up to seven years and can produce up to 1,600 eggs per day, and colonies will have as many as 250,000 workers. The estimated potential life span is around 5 years and 10 months to 6 years and 9 months. Young, virgin fire ant queens have wings (as do male fire ants), but they often cut them off after mating. Occasionally, a queen will keep its wings after mating and through her first year.
873:
775:
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471:
436:. Fire ants of those species invasive in the United States can be distinguished from other ants locally present by their copper brown head and thorax with a darker abdomen. The worker ants are blackish to reddish and their size varies from 2 to 6 mm (0.079 to 0.236 in). In an established nest these different sizes of ants are all present at the same time.
160:
3119:
405:
852:. Antihistamines or topical corticosteroids may help reduce the itching and will generally benefit local sting reactions. Oral medicine include antihistamines. Severe allergic reactions to fire ant stings, including severe chest pain, nausea, severe sweating, loss of breath, serious swelling, and slurred speech, can be fatal if not treated.
639:
The other roles in an ant colony are usually undertaken by workers. Fire ant workers are haphazardly divided into different size classes, namely minima, minor, media, and major workers. The major ants are known for their larger size and more powerful mandibles typically used in macerating and storing
593:
in 2017, clumps of fire ants, known as rafts, were seen clumped together on the surface of the water. Each clump had as many as 100,000 individual ants, which formed a temporary structure until finding a new permanent home. Ants clumped in this way will recognize different fluid flow conditions and
802:
within 24–36 hours which can become infected if scratched, but will spontaneously flatten within a few days if left alone. The pustules are obtrusive and uncomfortable while active and, if they become infected, may cause scarring. Some people may become allergic to the venom, and if untreated, may
621:
Fire ant queens, the reproductive females in their colony, also are generally the largest. Their primary function is reproduction. Typically, a fire ant queen will seek to establish a new colony following a nuptial flight, wherein it will use its special venom to paralyze offending competitors, in
731:
Since
September 2004, Taiwan has been seriously affected by the red fire ant. The US, Taiwan and Australia all have ongoing national programs to control or eradicate the species, but with the exception of those in Australia, none have been especially effective. In Australia, there is an intensive
727:
loss. Over 40 million people live in RIFA-infested areas in the southeastern United States. It is estimated that 30–60% of the people living in fire ant-infested areas of the US are stung each year. RIFA are currently found mainly in subtropical southeastern USA states including
Florida, Georgia,
519:
These ants are renowned for their ability to survive extreme conditions. They do not hibernate, but can survive cold conditions, although this is costly to fire ant populations as observed during several winters in
Tennessee, where 80 to 90% of colonies died due to several consecutive days of
2398:
dos Santos Pinto, José R. A.; Fox, Eduardo G. P.; Saidemberg, Daniel M.; Santos, Lucilene D.; da Silva
Menegasso, Anally R.; Costa-Manso, EliĂşde; Machado, Ednildo A.; Bueno, Odair C.; Palma, Mario S. (2012-09-07). "Proteomic View of the Venom from the Fire Ant Solenopsis invicta Buren".
999:
Key natural enemies of fire ants also include other ant species which will attack prospective queens during the nest founding period, when there is an absence of workers to defend the emergent colony. Frequent competitors of fire ant founding queens include other
714:
estimates that more than US$ 5 billion is spent annually on medical treatment, damage, and control in RIFA-infested areas. Furthermore, the ants cause approximately $ 750 million in damage annually to agricultural assets, including
2865:
Greenberg, Les; Kabashima, John N.; Allison, Clinton J.; Rust, Michael K.; Klotz, John H.; Hurvois, Jean-Pierre; Paine, Timothy D. (2008-11-01). "Lethality of Red
Imported Fire Ant Venom to Argentine Ants and Other Ant Species".
1037:
The latter is commercially available for the biological control (as an alternative to conventional pesticides) of various pest insects, and a new proposed technology has increased its shelf life and efficiency against fire ants.
506:(hence the name), and the after-effects of the sting can be deadly to sensitive people. Fire ants are more aggressive than most native species, so have pushed many species away from their local habitat. One such species that
2246:
482:
produces large mounds in open areas, and feeds mostly on young plants, insects and seeds. Fire ants often attack small animals such as small lizards and can kill them. Unlike many other ants, which bite and then spray
2220:
1274:
3038:
Pitts, James P.; Camacho, Gabriela P.; Gotzek, Dietrich; Mchugh, Joseph V.; Ross, Kenneth G. (April 2018). "Revision of the Fire Ants of the
Solenopsis saevissima Species-Group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)".
630:
Male fire ants mate with queens during a nuptial flight. After a male has successfully inseminated a queen, he will not get accepted back to the mother colony, and will eventually die outside the nest.
640:
food items (i.e. as repletes), while smaller workers take care of regular tasks (the main tasks in a colony are caring for the eggs/larvae/pupae, cleaning the nest, and foraging for food). However,
798:. The sting site typically swells into a bump within hours, which can cause further pain and irritation, especially following several stings at the same place. The bump may develop into a white
2480:
Diaz, Bruno L.; Machado, Ednildo A.; Atella, Georgia C.; Araujo, Maria F. C.; Araujo, Almair
Ferreira de; Poublan, Luiz E.; Gama, Diogo; Monteiro, Ana Paula; Fox, Eduardo G. P. (2018-09-26).
2003:
541:, the larvae secrete a fluid that is high in sugar content. Fire ants bring the larvae back to the nest, and protect them through the pupal stage in exchange for feeding on the fluid. In
2995:
Qiu, Hua-Long; Fox, Eduardo G. P.; Qin, Chang-Sheng; Zhao, Dan-Yang; Yang, Hua; Xu, Jin-Zhu (2019-07-01). "Microcapsuled entomopathogenic fungus against fire ants, Solenopsis invicta".
1827:
Fox, Eduardo Gonçalves
Paterson; Pianaro, Adriana; Solis, Daniel Russ; Delabie, Jacques Hubert Charles; Vairo, Bruno Cunha; Machado, Ednildo de Alcântara; Bueno, Odair Correa (2012).
1704:
Fox, Eduardo G.P.; Wu, Xiaoqing; Wang, Lei; Chen, Li; Lu, Yong-Yue; Xu, Yijuan (February 2019). "Queen venom isosolenopsin A delivers rapid incapacitation of fire ant competitors".
2909:
Siebeneicher, Stacy R.; Bradleigh^Vinson, S.; Kenerley, Charles M. (1992-05-01). "Infection of the red imported fire ant by
Beauveria bassiana through various routes of exposure".
1920:
Ascunce, M. S.; Yang, C.-C.; Oakey, J.; Calcaterra, L.; Wu, W.-J.; Shih, C.-J.; Goudet, J.; Ross, K. G.; Shoemaker, D. (24 February 2011). "Global
Invasion History of the Fire Ant
1417:
Roberts, R. B.; Dodson, Calaway H. (1967). "Nesting biology of two communal bees, Euglossa imperialis and Euglossa ignita (Hymenoptera: Apidae), including description of larvae".
1829:"Intraspecific and Intracolonial Variation in the Profile of Venom Alkaloids and Cuticular Hydrocarbons of the Fire Ant Solenopsis saevissima Smith (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)"
1487:
Horvitz, Carol C.; Turnbull, Christine; Harvey, Donald J. (1987-07-01). "Biology of Immature Eurybia elvina (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae), a Myrmecophilous Metalmark Butterfly".
1278:
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contains over 200 species. Not all species included in the genus are known as fire ants, but most are small slow-moving ants which are unable to sting, called
695:. The RIFA was believed to have been accidentally introduced to these countries via shipping crates, particularly with Australia when they were first found in
2640:
1323:
811:. It has been demonstrated that, whilst pustule formation results from the injected venom alkaloids, allergy to fire ant stings is caused solely by venom
728:
South Carolina, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and parts of North Carolina, Virginia, Tennessee, Arkansas, Texas, Oklahoma, New Mexico, and California.
3367:
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in parts of the United States to adapt to the ant's presence; they now have longer legs and new behaviors that aid them in escaping from the danger.
3315:
2596:
Javors, M.A.; Zhou, W.; Maas, J.W.; Han, S.; Keenan, R.W. (1993-01-01). "Effects of fire ant venom alkaloids on platelet and neutrophil function".
2152:
3354:
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following fire ant stings, which requires emergency treatment. Management of an emergency visit due to anaphylaxis is recommended with the use of
1884:(Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in South America, a Potential Candidate for the Biological Control of the Red Imported Fire Ant in the United States"
1643:
547:, fire ants were observed to frequently construct soil shelters over later instars of larvae on inflorescences on which the larvae are found.
3101:
1468:
760:
is the most famous species in this genus, especially in the US, however several other species are similarly dangerous and invasive, such as
953:
that dissolves the membrane attaching the ant's head to its body. The fly pupates in the detached head capsule, emerging two weeks later.
2073:
3444:
1167:
390:
are colloquially called "fire ants" because of their similar coloration and painful bites, but the two genera are not closely related.
2650:
766:, which has invaded most of the tropical countries, wreaking havoc in medical systems especially in unprepared countries and islands.
1976:
2377:
794:) mixed with a small amount of toxic proteins. Fire ant stings are painful, characterised by a local burning sensation, followed by
450:, and antennae with 10 segments plus a two-segmented club. Many ants bite, and formicine ants can cause irritation by spraying
732:
program costing A$ 175 million, although the fire ant has remained despite efforts. By July 2013, multiple sites west of
3359:
172:
2698:. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. 22 October 2008
1550:
597:
Fire ants dig tunnels efficiently using about 30% of the population of the colony, thereby avoiding congestion in tunnels.
349:. Many of the names shared by this genus are often used interchangeably to refer to other species of ant, such as the term
3380:
2944:
Angelone, Steven; Bidochka, Michael J. (2018-07-01). "Diversity and abundance of entomopathogenic fungi at ant colonies".
2195:
2098:
1322:
Yi, GB; McClendon, D; Desaiah, D; Goddard, J; Lister, A; Moffitt, J; Meer, RK; deShazo, R; Lee, KS; Rockhold, RW (2002).
711:
2306:"Spread of stinging ants to oceanic islands, and the need to raise awareness of prevention and treatment of ant stings"
1227:
516:, a nonsocial orchid bee species, from which the ants enter the cells from below the nest and rob the cell's contents.
3224:
3211:
2011:
459:
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1152:
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which are larger, and will viciously sting in swarms whenever disturbed. Some of the most studied species include:
1047:
3398:
949:, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue. After about two weeks, they cause the ant's head to fall off by releasing an
703:
for the first time. They were believed to be in the Philippines, but they are most likely to be misidentified for
412:
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3307:
2159:
1361:
71:
38:
1594:
2357:
1324:"Fire ant venom alkaloid, isosolenopsin A, a potent and selective inhibitor of neuronal nitric oxide synthase"
660:
2790:"The Large Decapitating Fly (Diptera: Phoridae): Successfully Established on Fire Ant Populations in Alabama"
1395:
1110:
1080:
3151:
2788:
Porter, Sanford D.; Graham, L. C. “Fudd”; Johnson, Seth J.; Thead, Larry G.; Briano, Juan A. (June 2011).
1030:
1019:
915:
392:
3189:
2272:
2221:"Queensland launched a war against the fire ant invasion, but 12 years later, they're still on the march"
1878:
Briano, Juan A.; Calcaterra, Luis A.; Wojcik, D.P.; Williams, D.F.; Banks, W.A.; Patterson, R.S. (1997).
1277:. Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry (Queensland Government). 30 July 2013. Archived from
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1981:
1100:
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655:
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271:
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1933:
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of varying efficacy, including immediate application of a solution of half bleach and half water, or
749:
642:
487:
on the wound, fire ants bite only to get a grip and then sting (from the abdomen) and inject a toxic
1444:
1130:
818:
First aid for fire ant stings includes external treatments and oral medicines. There are also many
762:
741:
524:
512:
2826:"Energetics and the evolution of carnivorous plants—Darwin's 'Most Wonderful plants in the world'"
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433:
425:
67:
2442:
deShazo RD, Butcher BT, Banks WA (1990). "Reactions to the stings of the imported fire ant".
396:
is another unrelated ant more commonly called the "little fire ant" due to its potent sting.
353:, mostly because of their similar coloration despite not being in the genus Solenopsis. Both
3089:
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2953:
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shoulders. Usually, the nest will not be visible, as it will be built under objects such as
555:
502:. For humans, this is a painful sting, a sensation similar to what one feels when burned by
443:
3137:
1578:"Evidence of polygynous red imported fire ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in South Carolina"
963:
species and they have been introduced throughout the southern United States, starting with
842:
537:
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1937:
1526:
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3289:
3123:
2573:
2546:
2522:
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2304:
Hoffmann, Benjamin D; Ducarme, Frédéric; Bradford, DanaKai; Martinez, Santiago (2023).
2114:
1763:
1460:
1249:
860:
849:
846:
737:
543:
387:
2247:"Mayors warn fire ants are dominating in south east Queensland as infestations double"
2057:
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1961:
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1576:
Kintz-Early, Janet; Parris, Leslie; Zettler, Jennifer; Bast, Josh (September 2003).
1357:
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2766:
2369:
2043:
1189:
872:
716:
298:
280:
3255:
3216:
2717:
Prahlow, JA; Barnard, JJ (June 1998). "Fatal anaphylaxis due to fire ant stings".
1717:
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102:
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2617:
2513:
2420:
1864:
1681:
1508:
1430:
1389:"Medical Problems and Treatment Considerations for the Red Imported Fire Ant"
1303:. University of California Agriculture & Natural Resources. 25 April 2014
830:
creams that also include medically tested and verified treatments. External,
748:. According to a study published in 2009, it took only seventy years for the
3276:
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2322:
1945:
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1500:
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1953:
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1349:
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1828:
671:
Although most fire ant species do not bother people and are not invasive,
159:
3237:
3168:
2842:
2825:
2806:
2789:
2162:
Technical Report. Pharaoh ants and fire ants. p. 175. Archived from
900:
812:
783:
733:
696:
679:(or RIFA), is an invasive pest in many areas of the world, including the
488:
132:
127:
112:
107:
97:
886:
774:
3320:
3242:
1855:
988:
976:
903:, are a large family of small, hump-backed flies somewhat smaller than
878:
831:
799:
567:
470:
455:
334:
147:
122:
17:
2412:
646:
colonies contain no workers, as they are considered social parasites.
3333:
1644:"Fire ant rafts form because of the Cheerios effect, study concludes"
950:
942:
745:
700:
692:
571:
429:
214:
194:
3145:
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adapt their behavior accordingly to preserve the raft's stability.
3281:
1193:
3416:
885:
871:
859:
688:
659:
590:
491:
469:
411:
404:
403:
365:
are common examples of non-Solenopsis ants being termed red ants.
321:
1764:"Fire Ant Queen Longevity and Age: Estimation by Sperm Depletion"
778:
A human leg three days after brief contact with a fire ant colony
454:; myrmecine ants like fire ants have a dedicated venom-injecting
724:
575:
574:, logs, rocks, or bricks. If no cover for nesting is available,
563:
559:
551:
503:
484:
3149:
2547:"A case of the first documented fire ant anaphylaxis in Canada"
474:
A fire ant worker, queen, and male (clockwise from bottom left)
424:
The bodies of mature fire ants, like the bodies of all typical
3268:
1553:. University of Minnesota (IPM World Textbook). Archived from
317:
234:
945:
larvae migrates to the head, then develops by feeding on the
941:
reproduce by laying eggs in the thorax of the ant. The first
937:, or ant-decapitating flies, have been described. Members of
2645:(3rd ed.). St. Louis, Mo.: Elsevier. pp. 584–585.
1803:
782:
The venom of fire ants is mainly (>95%) composed of oily
2482:"The allergic response mediated by fire ant venom proteins"
1595:
10.1653/0015-4040(2003)086[0381:EOPRIF]2.0.CO;2
803:
become increasingly sensitive to the point of experiencing
2074:"Reds Under Your Feet (interview with Robert Vander Meer)"
1060:. "True" fire ants are but a group of about 20 species of
432:, and the abdomen, with three pairs of legs and a pair of
1804:"Texas Imported Fire Ant Research and Management Project"
1398:(Texas Imported Fire Ant Research and Management Project)
3096:. Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
2719:
The American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology
959:
flies appear to be important ecological constraints on
585:
Fire ants are resilient and can survive floods. During
510:
ants parasitically take advantage of are bees, such as
42:
3041:
Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington
2097:
Solley, GO; Vanderwoude, C; Knight, GK (3 June 2002).
1617:"Floating fire ants form rafts in Houston floodwaters"
1751:. Austin, Texas: The Texas Department of Agriculture.
1007:
species, and some invasive pest species, such as the
442:
spp. ants can be identified by three body features—a
1977:"Red fire ants will make thongs a thing of the past"
1224:"Species: Pogonomyrmex barbatus - Red Harvester Ant"
826:
gel – the latter of which is also often included in
3158:
2639:Talcott, Patricia A.; Peterson, Michael E. (2013).
699:in 2001. These ants have now since been spotted in
368:None of these common names apply to all species of
1448:
1301:"Red Imported Fire Ant - UC Statewide IPM Program"
428:, are divided into three sections: the head, the
2245:McCarthy, John; Williams, Brian (25 July 2013).
2099:"Anaphylaxis due to Red Imported Fire Ant sting"
2039:(Hymenoptera: Formicidae) beyond North America"
1382:
1380:
1378:
1022:are also natural enemies of fire ants, such as
612:winged reproductive females, queens and workers
2868:Annals of the Entomological Society of America
1771:Annals of the Entomological Society of America
1489:Annals of the Entomological Society of America
1419:Annals of the Entomological Society of America
979:, where the ants first entered North America.
458:, which injects an alkaloid venom, as well as
2676:. American Osteopathic College of Dermatology
1226:. Wildcat Bluff Nature Center. Archived from
654:Further information on invasive species:
8:
2004:"'Aggressive' red ants found at Sydney port"
1544:
1542:
1540:
1252:. Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project (HEAR)
975:counties in Texas, as well as south central
2299:
2297:
2295:
2293:
2153:"Public health significance of Urban Pests"
1749:Imported Fire Ants: Life History and Impact
26:
3146:
2819:
2817:
1670:"The Secret to Ant Efficiency Is Idleness"
882:with its sticky leaves that trap many ants
158:
78:
62:"Red ant" redirects here. For the species
2841:
2805:
2572:
2562:
2551:Allergy, Asthma & Clinical Immunology
2521:
2321:
2056:
1854:
1844:
1642:Ouellette, Jennifer (16 September 2022).
1593:
1339:
2356:Fox, Eduardo Gonçalves Paterson (2014),
1269:
1267:
1184:
1182:
773:
604:
32:This is an accepted version of this page
2760:Ehrenberg, Rachel (18 September 2009).
1178:
28:
2545:Lee, Jason; Betschel, Stephen (2013).
2364:, Springer, Dordrecht, pp. 1–16,
527:relationships with several species of
2475:
2473:
2351:
2349:
1747:Vinson, S.B.; Sorenson, A.A. (1986).
1699:
1697:
1520:
1518:
1482:
1480:
1459:of Harvard University Press. p.
7:
3422:025049B0-84D2-BF68-E37A-D8F48DF9FF04
3409:c5285299-5acd-49ce-9893-73e690bc4053
3308:c9137670-afb2-4956-86be-a84ed239ca13
1387:Drees, Bastiaan M. (December 2002).
895:, phorid fly parasitoid of fire ants
675:, known in the United States as the
2762:"Venom attracts decapitating flies"
2273:"Lizards' Dance Avoids Deadly Ants"
1975:Murphy, Damien (13 December 2014).
1328:International Journal of Toxicology
1168:Red imported fire ants in Australia
582:(having multiple queens per nest).
329:, which includes over 200 species.
2271:Bryner, Jeanna (26 January 2009).
2115:10.5694/j.1326-5377.2002.tb04548.x
2072:McDonald, Maggie (February 2006).
834:treatments include the anesthetic
664:Sign for the Fire Ant Festival in
554:, often near moist areas, such as
523:Fire ants have been known to form
376:; for example, several species of
57:
2946:Journal of Invertebrate Pathology
2911:Journal of Invertebrate Pathology
2824:Ellison, DM; Gotelli, NJ (2009).
2058:10.13102/sociobiology.v60i1.50-55
3131:
3117:
3009:10.1016/j.biocontrol.2019.03.018
2731:10.1097/00000433-199806000-00007
2219:Condon, Matthew (27 July 2013).
2103:The Medical Journal of Australia
1880:"Abundance of the Parasitic Ant
931:. Some 110 species of the genus
171:
2444:New England Journal of Medicine
1833:Psyche: A Journal of Entomology
498:, a compound from the class of
2830:Journal of Experimental Botany
2370:10.1007/978-94-007-6649-5_38-1
2310:Emergency Medicine Australasia
907:; two species in this family (
736:were confirmed, including the
372:nor exclusively to species of
1:
2362:Venom Genomics and Proteomics
2151:Oi, David H. (25 June 2008).
1762:Tschinkel, Walter R. (1987).
1718:10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.11.428
2923:10.1016/0022-2011(92)90133-O
2880:10.1603/0013-8746-101.6.1162
2610:10.1016/0024-3205(93)90546-F
2401:Journal of Proteome Research
1668:Gorman, James (2018-08-16).
770:Sting symptoms and treatment
520:extremely low temperatures.
305:
3053:10.4289/0013-8797.120.2.308
2456:10.1056/NEJM199008163230707
2358:"Venom Toxins of Fire Ants"
2033:Wetterer, James K. (2013).
2012:Australian Associated Press
446:with two nodes, an unarmed
341:reflect this, for example,
3466:
3445:Insects of Central America
2506:10.1038/s41598-018-32327-z
1153:Ants of medical importance
1048:List of Solenopsis species
1045:
786:structurally derived from
653:
61:
2958:10.1016/j.jip.2018.07.009
2160:World Health Organization
1275:"Fire ant identification"
601:Queens, males and workers
304:
297:
286:
279:
168:Scientific classification
166:
157:
81:
72:Fire ant (disambiguation)
1888:Environmental Entomology
1396:Texas A&M University
1250:"Wasmannia auropunctata"
337:ants, and most of their
39:latest accepted revision
2696:"Insects and Scorpions"
2642:Small animal toxicology
2323:10.1111/1742-6723.14165
1946:10.1126/science.1198734
1111:Solenopsis solenopsidis
992:) and various kinds of
927:in its native range in
316:are several species of
2564:10.1186/1710-1492-9-25
1431:10.1093/aesa/60.5.1007
1341:10.1080/10915810305090
1031:Metarhizium anisopliae
1020:entomopathogenic fungi
896:
883:
869:
779:
668:
613:
550:Fire ants nest in the
475:
421:
409:
393:Wasmannia auropunctata
88:Early Oligocene–Recent
70:. For other uses, see
2189:"Service Unavailable"
1982:Sydney Morning Herald
1783:10.1093/aesa/80.2.263
1623:. London. August 2017
1501:10.1093/aesa/80.4.513
1101:Solenopsis silvestrii
1091:Solenopsis saevissima
996:also trap many ants.
925:red imported fire ant
910:Pseudacteon tricuspis
889:
875:
863:
777:
677:red imported fire ant
663:
656:Red imported fire ant
608:
473:
415:
407:
362:Pogonomyrmex barbatus
64:Pogonomyrmex barbatus
3303:Fauna Europaea (new)
3128:at Wikimedia Commons
2807:10.1653/024.094.0213
2794:Florida Entomologist
1900:10.1093/ee/26.5.1143
1882:Solenopsis daguerrei
1582:Florida Entomologist
1551:"Imported Fire Ants"
1549:Lockley, Timothy C.
1531:Animal Diversity Web
1525:Watt, Loren (2001).
916:Pseudacteon curvatus
892:Pseudacteon curvatus
643:Solenopsis daguerrei
416:Detail of the head (
2498:2018NatSR...814427Z
2169:on 22 February 2017
1938:2011Sci...331.1066A
1932:(6020): 1066–1068.
1846:10.1155/2012/398061
1557:on 30 December 2014
1445:Walter R. Tschinkel
1281:on 18 February 2014
1131:Solenopsis geminata
1081:Solenopsis richteri
763:Solenopsis geminata
705:Solenopsis geminata
513:Euglossa imperialis
418:Solenopsis geminata
288:Solenopsis geminata
29:Page version status
2997:Biological Control
2843:10.1093/jxb/ern179
2486:Scientific Reports
2037:Solenopsis invicta
2035:"Exotic spread of
1922:Solenopsis invicta
1674:The New York Times
1135:(Fabricius, 1804)
1071:Solenopsis invicta
1025:Beauveria bassiana
897:
884:
870:
780:
757:Solenopsis invicta
673:Solenopsis invicta
669:
614:
476:
422:
410:
347:tropical fire ants
35:
3432:
3431:
3190:Solenopsis (ICZN)
3152:Taxon identifiers
3122:Media related to
3103:978-3-540-52092-4
2604:(14): 1105–1112.
2413:10.1021/pr300451g
2014:. 8 December 2014
1527:"Lycaena rubidus"
1470:978-0-674-02207-2
1136:
1126:
1121:Solenopsis xyloni
1116:
1106:
1096:
1086:
1076:
899:Phorid flies, or
723:loss, as well as
311:
310:
275:
68:Red harvester ant
59:Genus of red ants
47:27 September 2024
16:(Redirected from
3457:
3450:Solenopsis (ant)
3425:
3424:
3412:
3411:
3402:
3401:
3389:
3388:
3386:NHMSYS0000876672
3376:
3375:
3363:
3362:
3350:
3349:
3337:
3336:
3324:
3323:
3311:
3310:
3298:
3297:
3285:
3284:
3272:
3271:
3259:
3258:
3246:
3245:
3233:
3232:
3220:
3219:
3207:
3206:
3194:
3193:
3192:
3179:
3178:
3177:
3147:
3136:Data related to
3135:
3121:
3107:
3090:Edward O. Wilson
3073:
3072:
3035:
3029:
3028:
2992:
2986:
2985:
2941:
2935:
2934:
2906:
2900:
2899:
2874:(6): 1162–1168.
2862:
2856:
2855:
2845:
2821:
2812:
2811:
2809:
2785:
2779:
2778:
2776:
2774:
2757:
2751:
2750:
2714:
2708:
2707:
2705:
2703:
2692:
2686:
2685:
2683:
2681:
2674:"Fire Ant Bites"
2670:
2664:
2663:
2661:
2659:
2636:
2630:
2629:
2593:
2587:
2586:
2576:
2566:
2542:
2536:
2535:
2525:
2477:
2468:
2467:
2439:
2433:
2432:
2407:(9): 4643–4653.
2395:
2389:
2388:
2387:
2386:
2353:
2344:
2343:
2325:
2301:
2288:
2287:
2285:
2283:
2268:
2262:
2261:
2259:
2257:
2251:The Courier Mail
2242:
2236:
2235:
2233:
2231:
2225:The Courier Mail
2216:
2210:
2209:
2207:
2206:
2200:
2194:. Archived from
2193:
2185:
2179:
2178:
2176:
2174:
2168:
2157:
2148:
2142:
2141:
2139:
2137:
2094:
2088:
2087:
2069:
2063:
2062:
2060:
2030:
2024:
2023:
2021:
2019:
2000:
1994:
1993:
1991:
1989:
1972:
1966:
1965:
1917:
1911:
1910:
1908:
1906:
1894:(5): 1143–1148.
1875:
1869:
1868:
1858:
1848:
1824:
1818:
1817:
1815:
1814:
1808:fireant.tamu.edu
1800:
1794:
1793:
1791:
1789:
1768:
1759:
1753:
1752:
1744:
1738:
1737:
1701:
1692:
1691:
1689:
1688:
1665:
1659:
1658:
1656:
1654:
1639:
1633:
1632:
1630:
1628:
1613:
1607:
1606:
1604:
1602:
1597:
1573:
1567:
1566:
1564:
1562:
1546:
1535:
1534:
1522:
1513:
1512:
1484:
1475:
1474:
1454:
1441:
1435:
1434:
1425:(5): 1007–1014.
1414:
1408:
1407:
1405:
1403:
1393:
1384:
1373:
1372:
1370:
1369:
1360:. Archived from
1343:
1319:
1313:
1312:
1310:
1308:
1297:
1291:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1271:
1262:
1261:
1259:
1257:
1246:
1240:
1239:
1237:
1235:
1219:
1213:
1212:
1210:
1208:
1186:
1134:
1124:
1115:(Kusnezov, 1953)
1114:
1104:
1094:
1084:
1074:
1011:, and the black
828:over-the-counter
666:Ashburn, Georgia
650:Invasive species
587:Hurricane Harvey
562:shores, watered
535:butterflies. In
270:
176:
175:
162:
152:
89:
85:Temporal range:
79:
21:
3465:
3464:
3460:
3459:
3458:
3456:
3455:
3454:
3435:
3434:
3433:
3428:
3420:
3415:
3407:
3405:
3397:
3392:
3384:
3379:
3371:
3366:
3358:
3353:
3345:
3340:
3332:
3327:
3319:
3314:
3306:
3301:
3293:
3288:
3280:
3275:
3267:
3262:
3254:
3249:
3241:
3236:
3228:
3223:
3215:
3210:
3202:
3197:
3188:
3187:
3182:
3173:
3172:
3167:
3154:
3114:
3104:
3086:Bert Hölldobler
3084:
3081:
3079:Further reading
3076:
3037:
3036:
3032:
2994:
2993:
2989:
2943:
2942:
2938:
2908:
2907:
2903:
2864:
2863:
2859:
2823:
2822:
2815:
2787:
2786:
2782:
2772:
2770:
2759:
2758:
2754:
2716:
2715:
2711:
2701:
2699:
2694:
2693:
2689:
2679:
2677:
2672:
2671:
2667:
2657:
2655:
2653:
2638:
2637:
2633:
2595:
2594:
2590:
2544:
2543:
2539:
2479:
2478:
2471:
2441:
2440:
2436:
2397:
2396:
2392:
2384:
2382:
2380:
2355:
2354:
2347:
2303:
2302:
2291:
2281:
2279:
2270:
2269:
2265:
2255:
2253:
2244:
2243:
2239:
2229:
2227:
2218:
2217:
2213:
2204:
2202:
2198:
2191:
2187:
2186:
2182:
2172:
2170:
2166:
2155:
2150:
2149:
2145:
2135:
2133:
2096:
2095:
2091:
2071:
2070:
2066:
2032:
2031:
2027:
2017:
2015:
2002:
2001:
1997:
1987:
1985:
1974:
1973:
1969:
1919:
1918:
1914:
1904:
1902:
1877:
1876:
1872:
1826:
1825:
1821:
1812:
1810:
1802:
1801:
1797:
1787:
1785:
1766:
1761:
1760:
1756:
1746:
1745:
1741:
1703:
1702:
1695:
1686:
1684:
1667:
1666:
1662:
1652:
1650:
1641:
1640:
1636:
1626:
1624:
1615:
1614:
1610:
1600:
1598:
1575:
1574:
1570:
1560:
1558:
1548:
1547:
1538:
1524:
1523:
1516:
1486:
1485:
1478:
1471:
1443:
1442:
1438:
1416:
1415:
1411:
1401:
1399:
1391:
1386:
1385:
1376:
1367:
1365:
1321:
1320:
1316:
1306:
1304:
1299:
1298:
1294:
1284:
1282:
1273:
1272:
1265:
1255:
1253:
1248:
1247:
1243:
1233:
1231:
1230:on 2 April 2015
1221:
1220:
1216:
1206:
1204:
1188:
1187:
1180:
1176:
1144:
1139:
1050:
1044:
1009:tawny crazy ant
858:
843:diphenhydramine
790:(also known as
772:
710:In the US, the
658:
652:
637:
628:
619:
603:
538:Lycaena rubidus
478:A typical fire
468:
402:
293:
292:Fabricius, 1804
290:
269:
170:
153:
151:
150:
145:
140:
135:
130:
125:
120:
115:
110:
105:
100:
95:
87:
86:
83:
75:
60:
55:
54:
53:
52:
51:
50:
34:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3463:
3461:
3453:
3452:
3447:
3437:
3436:
3430:
3429:
3427:
3426:
3413:
3403:
3390:
3377:
3364:
3351:
3338:
3325:
3312:
3299:
3290:Fauna Europaea
3286:
3273:
3260:
3247:
3234:
3221:
3208:
3195:
3180:
3164:
3162:
3156:
3155:
3150:
3144:
3143:
3142:at Wikispecies
3129:
3113:
3112:External links
3110:
3109:
3108:
3102:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3074:
3047:(2): 308–411.
3030:
2987:
2936:
2917:(3): 280–285.
2901:
2857:
2813:
2800:(2): 208–213.
2780:
2752:
2709:
2687:
2665:
2652:978-1455707171
2651:
2631:
2588:
2537:
2469:
2434:
2390:
2378:
2345:
2316:(4): 560–563.
2289:
2263:
2237:
2211:
2180:
2143:
2089:
2064:
2025:
2008:The Australian
1995:
1967:
1912:
1870:
1819:
1795:
1777:(2): 263–266.
1754:
1739:
1693:
1660:
1634:
1608:
1588:(3): 381–382.
1568:
1536:
1514:
1495:(4): 513–519.
1476:
1469:
1436:
1409:
1374:
1314:
1292:
1263:
1241:
1222:Reins, Dusty.
1214:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1171:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1137:
1127:
1117:
1107:
1097:
1087:
1077:
1066:
1046:Main article:
1043:
1040:
994:pitcher plants
857:
854:
850:hydrocortisone
847:corticosteroid
771:
768:
738:Lockyer Valley
651:
648:
636:
633:
627:
626:Males (drones)
624:
618:
615:
602:
599:
544:Eurybia elvina
467:
464:
426:mature insects
408:Fire ant mound
401:
398:
388:Southeast Asia
309:
308:
302:
301:
295:
294:
291:
284:
283:
277:
276:
262:
258:
257:
252:
248:
247:
242:
238:
237:
232:
228:
227:
222:
218:
217:
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208:
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202:
198:
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192:
188:
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178:
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164:
163:
155:
154:
146:
141:
136:
131:
126:
121:
116:
111:
106:
101:
96:
91:
90:
84:
58:
56:
36:
30:
27:
25:
24:
23:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3462:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3442:
3440:
3423:
3418:
3414:
3410:
3404:
3400:
3395:
3391:
3387:
3382:
3378:
3374:
3369:
3365:
3361:
3356:
3352:
3348:
3343:
3339:
3335:
3330:
3326:
3322:
3317:
3313:
3309:
3304:
3300:
3296:
3291:
3287:
3283:
3278:
3274:
3270:
3265:
3261:
3257:
3252:
3248:
3244:
3239:
3235:
3231:
3226:
3222:
3218:
3213:
3209:
3205:
3200:
3196:
3191:
3185:
3181:
3176:
3170:
3166:
3165:
3163:
3161:
3157:
3153:
3148:
3141:
3140:
3134:
3130:
3127:
3126:
3120:
3116:
3115:
3111:
3105:
3099:
3095:
3091:
3087:
3083:
3082:
3078:
3070:
3066:
3062:
3058:
3054:
3050:
3046:
3042:
3034:
3031:
3026:
3022:
3018:
3014:
3010:
3006:
3002:
2998:
2991:
2988:
2983:
2979:
2975:
2971:
2967:
2963:
2959:
2955:
2951:
2947:
2940:
2937:
2932:
2928:
2924:
2920:
2916:
2912:
2905:
2902:
2897:
2893:
2889:
2885:
2881:
2877:
2873:
2869:
2861:
2858:
2853:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2835:
2831:
2827:
2820:
2818:
2814:
2808:
2803:
2799:
2795:
2791:
2784:
2781:
2769:
2768:
2763:
2756:
2753:
2748:
2744:
2740:
2736:
2732:
2728:
2725:(2): 137–42.
2724:
2720:
2713:
2710:
2697:
2691:
2688:
2675:
2669:
2666:
2654:
2648:
2644:
2643:
2635:
2632:
2627:
2623:
2619:
2615:
2611:
2607:
2603:
2599:
2598:Life Sciences
2592:
2589:
2584:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2541:
2538:
2533:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2515:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2487:
2483:
2476:
2474:
2470:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2445:
2438:
2435:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2394:
2391:
2381:
2379:9789400766495
2375:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2352:
2350:
2346:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2315:
2311:
2307:
2300:
2298:
2296:
2294:
2290:
2278:
2274:
2267:
2264:
2252:
2248:
2241:
2238:
2226:
2222:
2215:
2212:
2201:on 2017-02-24
2197:
2190:
2184:
2181:
2165:
2161:
2154:
2147:
2144:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2109:(11): 521–3.
2108:
2104:
2100:
2093:
2090:
2085:
2081:
2080:
2079:New Scientist
2075:
2068:
2065:
2059:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2045:
2040:
2038:
2029:
2026:
2013:
2009:
2005:
1999:
1996:
1984:
1983:
1978:
1971:
1968:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1916:
1913:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1883:
1874:
1871:
1866:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1823:
1820:
1809:
1805:
1799:
1796:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1765:
1758:
1755:
1750:
1743:
1740:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1700:
1698:
1694:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1664:
1661:
1649:
1645:
1638:
1635:
1622:
1618:
1612:
1609:
1596:
1591:
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1455:. Cambridge:
1453:
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356:Myrmica rubra
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2767:Science News
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2277:Live Science
2276:
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2254:. Retrieved
2250:
2240:
2228:. Retrieved
2224:
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2196:the original
2183:
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2164:the original
2146:
2134:. Retrieved
2106:
2102:
2092:
2083:
2077:
2067:
2048:
2044:Sociobiology
2042:
2036:
2028:
2016:. Retrieved
2007:
1998:
1986:. Retrieved
1980:
1970:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1915:
1903:. Retrieved
1891:
1887:
1881:
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1798:
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1774:
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1757:
1748:
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1709:
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1673:
1663:
1651:. Retrieved
1648:Ars Technica
1647:
1637:
1625:. Retrieved
1620:
1611:
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1585:
1581:
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1559:. Retrieved
1555:the original
1530:
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1412:
1400:. Retrieved
1366:. Retrieved
1362:the original
1331:
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1295:
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1279:the original
1254:. Retrieved
1244:
1232:. Retrieved
1228:the original
1217:
1205:. Retrieved
1201:
1195:
1129:
1125:McCook, 1879
1119:
1109:
1099:
1089:
1079:
1069:
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1053:
1051:
1034:
1029:
1023:
1018:A number of
1017:
1001:
998:
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981:
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938:
932:
914:
908:
898:
890:
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864:
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730:
717:veterinarian
709:
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672:
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641:
638:
629:
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584:
549:
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536:
522:
518:
511:
507:
477:
462:for biting.
439:
438:
423:
417:
391:
381:
373:
369:
367:
360:
354:
350:
346:
342:
339:common names
330:
325:
324:
313:
312:
287:
281:Type species
265:
264:
76:
63:
46:
37:This is the
31:
3329:iNaturalist
3184:Wikispecies
3003:: 141–149.
2773:30 December
2680:30 December
2658:30 December
2282:30 December
2256:30 December
2230:30 December
2173:30 December
2136:30 December
2086:(2538): 50.
2018:30 December
1988:30 December
1905:30 December
1856:11449/73386
1788:30 December
1601:30 December
1561:30 December
1402:30 December
1334:(2): 81–6.
1307:30 December
1285:30 December
1234:30 December
1163:Bulldog ant
1105:Emery, 1906
1085:Forel, 1909
1075:Buren, 1972
957:Pseudacteon
939:Pseudacteon
934:Pseudacteon
921:parasitoids
805:anaphylaxis
792:solenopsins
556:river banks
525:mutualistic
500:piperidines
452:formic acid
378:weaver ants
343:ginger ants
306:201 species
241:Subfamily:
225:Hymenoptera
3439:Categories
3373:solenopsis
3217:Solenopsis
3204:Solenopsis
3160:Solenopsis
3139:Solenopsis
3125:Solenopsis
2385:2018-12-07
2205:2017-06-20
1813:2019-04-13
1687:2019-01-17
1653:18 October
1368:2018-12-29
1196:Solenopsis
1190:Bolton, B.
1174:References
1158:Bullet ant
1062:Solenopsis
1058:thief ants
1054:Solenopsis
1052:The genus
1002:Solenopsis
961:Solenopsis
845:, and the
836:benzocaine
815:proteins.
813:allergenic
809:adrenaline
788:piperidine
719:bills and
610:Solenopsis
580:polygynous
533:Riodinidae
529:Lycaenidae
508:Solenopsis
496:solenopsin
480:ant colony
440:Solenopsis
400:Appearance
383:Oecophylla
374:Solenopsis
370:Solenopsis
331:Solenopsis
326:Solenopsis
266:Solenopsis
245:Myrmicinae
235:Formicidae
205:Arthropoda
3061:0013-8797
3025:132021733
3017:1049-9644
2966:0022-2011
2952:: 73–76.
2931:0022-2011
2888:0013-8746
2618:0024-3205
2557:(1): 25.
2514:2045-2322
2421:1535-3893
2340:255469772
2051:: 53–63.
1865:0033-2615
1712:: 77–83.
1682:0362-4331
1627:30 August
1509:0013-8746
1148:Ant venom
1013:crazy ant
1005:thief ant
947:hemolymph
856:Predators
824:aloe vera
796:urticaria
784:alkaloids
721:livestock
685:Australia
460:mandibles
448:propodeum
314:Fire ants
299:Diversity
191:Kingdom:
185:Eukaryota
3238:BugGuide
3175:Q1075697
3169:Wikidata
3094:The Ants
3092:(1990).
3069:91162352
2982:51677575
2974:30017951
2896:83922482
2852:19213724
2747:39162329
2702:11 April
2583:23837799
2532:30258210
2429:22881118
2332:36596650
2131:33650493
2123:12064982
1962:28149214
1954:21350177
1839:: 1–10.
1734:54481057
1726:30529381
1447:(2006).
1358:23324548
1350:12745988
1192:(2014).
1142:See also
901:Phoridae
734:Brisbane
697:Brisbane
489:alkaloid
466:Behavior
434:antennae
335:stinging
272:Westwood
231:Family:
201:Phylum:
195:Animalia
181:Domain:
82:Fire ant
43:reviewed
3347:1290610
3321:9107211
2739:9662108
2626:8396703
2574:3711928
2523:6158280
2494:Bibcode
2464:2197555
1934:Bibcode
1926:Science
1706:Toxicon
1207:20 July
1042:Species
989:Drosera
977:Alabama
923:of the
879:Drosera
832:topical
800:pustule
750:lizards
742:Muirlea
635:Workers
568:highway
494:called
444:pedicel
351:red ant
320:in the
261:Genus:
251:Tribe:
221:Order:
215:Insecta
211:Class:
18:Red ant
3406:NZOR:
3360:154237
3282:1SOLEG
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1960:
1952:
1863:
1732:
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1467:
1356:
1348:
1256:9 July
1202:AntCat
973:Dallas
971:, and
969:Brazos
965:Travis
951:enzyme
943:instar
919:) are
838:, the
746:Goodna
707:ants.
701:Sydney
693:Taiwan
572:timber
566:, and
430:thorax
274:, 1840
66:, see
3417:Plazi
3399:13685
3342:IRMNG
3334:67597
3295:80709
3269:33045
3243:30188
3065:S2CID
3021:S2CID
2978:S2CID
2892:S2CID
2743:S2CID
2336:S2CID
2199:(PDF)
2192:(PDF)
2167:(PDF)
2156:(PDF)
2127:S2CID
1958:S2CID
1767:(PDF)
1730:S2CID
1392:(PDF)
1354:S2CID
689:China
617:Queen
591:Texas
564:lawns
492:venom
456:sting
322:genus
3394:NCBI
3368:MNHN
3355:ITIS
3316:GBIF
3277:EPPO
3256:7JFX
3230:1969
3225:BOLD
3098:ISBN
3088:and
3057:ISSN
3013:ISSN
2970:PMID
2962:ISSN
2927:ISSN
2884:ISSN
2848:PMID
2775:2014
2735:PMID
2704:2008
2682:2014
2660:2014
2647:ISBN
2622:PMID
2614:ISSN
2579:PMID
2528:PMID
2510:ISSN
2460:PMID
2425:PMID
2417:ISSN
2374:ISBN
2328:PMID
2284:2014
2258:2014
2232:2014
2175:2014
2138:2014
2119:PMID
2020:2014
1990:2014
1950:PMID
1907:2014
1861:ISSN
1837:2012
1790:2014
1722:PMID
1678:ISSN
1655:2022
1629:2017
1603:2014
1563:2014
1505:ISSN
1465:ISBN
1404:2014
1346:PMID
1309:2014
1287:2014
1258:2015
1236:2014
1209:2014
1028:and
982:The
913:and
744:and
725:crop
691:and
576:dome
560:pond
552:soil
531:and
504:fire
485:acid
359:and
345:and
333:are
318:ants
93:Preęž’
3381:NBN
3264:EoL
3251:CoL
3212:AFD
3199:ADW
3049:doi
3045:120
3005:doi
3001:134
2954:doi
2950:156
2919:doi
2876:doi
2872:101
2838:doi
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1930:331
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1851:hdl
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