874:
2111:
838:
409:
71:
601:
1990:
614:
53:
892:
4252:
2067:
592:. The flowering begins from the lowermost buds and gradually moves upward, so-called acropetal flowering. About two weeks are needed for all the flowers to open on the single branch. At the end of the second day and on the third day after the opening of the flowers, they close completely and the colour begins to fade. After three to four days, the setting of the pods takes place.
910:
509:
856:
2933:(ICARDA) breeding programme in 1977 significant gains have been made. It supplies landraces and breeding lines for countries around the world, supplemented by other programmes in both developing (e.g. India) and developed (e.g. Australia and Canada) countries. In recent years, such collaborations among breeders and agronomists are becoming increasingly important.
3083:
2058:, this process is called dal milling. The moisture content of the lentils prior to dehulling is crucial to guarantee a good dehulling efficiency. The hull of lentils usually accounts for 6 to 7 percent of the total seed weight, which is lower than most legumes. Lentil flour can be produced by milling the seeds, like cereals.
1141:, seed size, planting time and growing conditions, and also from region to region. In South Asia, a seed rate of 30 to 40 kilograms per hectare (27 to 36 pounds per acre) is recommended. In West Asian countries, a higher seed rate is recommended, and also leads to a higher yield. The seeds should be sown 3 to 4 centimetres (
2074:
Lentils can be eaten soaked, germinated, fried, baked or boiled – the most common preparation method. The seeds require a cooking time of 10 to 40 minutes, depending on the variety; small varieties with the husk removed, such as the common red lentil, require shorter cooking times (and unlike
666:
Types can be classified according to their size, whether they are split or whole, or shelled or unshelled. Seed coats can range from light green to deep purple, as well as being tan, grey, brown, black or mottled. Shelled lentils show the colour of the cotyledon which can be yellow, orange, red, or
2936:
The focus lies on high yielding and stable cultivars for diverse environments to match the demand of a growing population. In particular, progress in quantity and quality as well as in the resistance to disease and abiotic stresses are the major breeding aims. Several varieties have been developed
564:
are present, they are small. The flowers, one to four in number, are small, white, pink, purple, pale purple, or pale blue in colour. They arise from the axils of the leaves, on a slender footstalk almost as long as the leaves. The pods are oblong, slightly inflated, and about 1.5 centimetres
2075:
most legumes don't require soaking). Most varieties have a distinctive, earthy flavor. Lentils with husks remain whole with moderate cooking, while those without husks tend to disintegrate into a thick purée, which may enable various dishes. The composition of lentils leads to a high
1133:
incorporated. For the seed placement and for later harvesting it is important that the surface is not uneven with large clods, stones, or protruding crop residue. It is also important that the soil be made friable and weed-free, so that seeding can be done at a uniform depth.
3631:
National
Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Health and Medicine Division; Food and Nutrition Board; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium (2019). Oria, Maria; Harrison, Meghan; Stallings, Virginia A. (eds.).
3890:
Egli, I.; Davidsson, L.; Juillerat, M.a.; Barclay, D.; Hurrell, R.f. (1 November 2002). "The
Influence of Soaking and Germination on the Phytase Activity and Phytic Acid Content of Grains and Seeds Potentially Useful for Complementary Feedin".
2944:
species are a significant source of genetic variation for improving the relatively narrow genetic base of this crop. The wild species possess many diverse traits including disease resistances and abiotic stress tolerances. The above-mentioned
550:
The plant is a diploid, annual, bushy herb of erect, semierect, or spreading and compact growth and normally varies from 30 to 50 centimetres (12 to 20 in) in height. It has many hairy branches and its stem is slender and angular. The
2937:
applying conventional breeding methodologies. Serious genetic improvement for yield has been made, however, the full potential of production and productivity could not yet be tapped due to several biotic and abiotic stresses.
585: in) in diameter, in the characteristic lens shape. The seeds can also be mottled and speckled. The several cultivated varieties of lentil differ in size, hairiness, and colour of the leaves, flowers, and seeds.
3832:
Johnson, Casey R.; Thavarajah, Dil; Thavarajah, Pushparajah; Payne, Scott; Moore, Jayma; Ohm, Jae-Bom (2015). "Processing, cooking, and cooling affect prebiotic concentrations in lentil (Lens culinaris
Medikus)".
555:
bears 10 to 15 leaflets in five to eight pairs. The leaves are alternate, of oblong-linear and obtuse shape and from yellowish green to dark bluish green in colour. In general, the upper leaves are converted into
1109:, lentils are planted under relatively high temperatures at the end of the rainy season, and vegetative growth occurs on the residual soil moisture in the summer season. Rainfall during this time is limited. In
809:
three traditional genotypes of lentils native to the
Swabian Jura (Alps) in Germany and protected by the producers' association Öko-Erzeugergemeinschaft Alb-Leisa (engl. "Eco-producer association Alb-Leisa")
2930:
3679:
Zhang, Bing; Deng, Zeyuan; Tang, Yao; et al. (2014). "Fatty acid, carotenoid and tocopherol compositions of 20 Canadian lentil cultivars and synergistic contribution to antioxidant activities".
2929:
Although lentils have been an important crop for centuries, lentil breeding and genetic research have a relatively short history compared to that of many other crops. Since the inception of The
3929:
Kumar, Jitendra; Gupta, Sunanda; Gupta, Priyanka; Dubey, Sonali; Tomar, Ram Sewak Singh; Kumar, Shiv (2016). "Breeding strategies to improve lentil for diverse agro-ecological environments".
2784:
2047:
A combination of gravity, screens and air flow is used to clean and sort lentils by shape and density. After destoning, they may be separated by a color sorter and then packaged.
1105:
lentils are planted in the winter and spring under low temperatures and vegetative growth occurs in later spring and the summer. Rainfall during this time is not limited. In the
2921:. The phytates can be reduced by prolonged soaking and fermentation or sprouting. Cooking nearly completely removes the trypsin inhibitor activity; sprouting is also effective.
3609:
1117:, some lentils are planted as a winter crop before snowfall. Plant growth occurs during the time of snow melting. Under such cultivation, seed yields are often much higher.
2965:
subsp. orientalis are crossable and produce fully fertile seed. Between the different related species hybridisation barriers exist. According to their inter-crossability
5295:
5016:
3978:
Wong, Melissa M. L.; Gujaria-Verma, Neha; Ramsay, Larissa; Yuan, Hai Ying; Caron, Carolyn; Diapari, Marwan; Vandenberg, Albert; Bett, Kirstin E. (27 March 2015).
5068:
3027:
between groups. Even if crosses are successful, many undesired genes may be introduced as well in addition to the desired ones. This can be resolved by using a
2156:
for breakfast or snacks. Lentils are also used in many regional varieties of sweets. Lentil flour is used to prepare several different bread varieties, such as
4108:
433:. The word "lens" for the lentil is of classical Roman or Latin origin, possibly from a prominent Roman family named Lentulus, just as the family name "
3032:
2898:(therefore called "resistant starch"). Additional resistant starch is synthesized from gelatinized starch, during cooling, after lentils are cooked.
5269:
4964:
1039:
are dated to 11,000 BC. In archaeobotanical excavations carbonized remains of lentil seeds have been recovered from widely dispersed places such as
3035:
is crucial to create new and desirable varieties. According to Yadav et al. other biotechnology techniques which may impact on lentil breeding are
5029:
4977:
2882:
The low levels of readily digestible starch (5 percent) and high levels of slowly digested starch make lentils of potential value to people with
547:
of the germinating seed stay in the ground and inside the seed coat. Therefore, it is less vulnerable to frost, wind erosion, or insect attack.
5143:
5091:
3863:
Vidal-Valverde C, Frias F, Estrella I, Gorospe MJ, Ruiz R, Bacon J (1994). "Effect of processing on some antinutritional factors of lentils".
3643:
3523:
3493:
3451:
3215:
3163:
448:
947:. Canada produced the largest share, 2.2 million tonnes, or roughly 34% of the world's total output (table), nearly all (95%) of it in
373:
5256:
4915:
1647:
1348:
1075:
Lentils can grow on various soil types, from sand to clay loam, growing best in deep sandy loam soils with moderate fertility. A soil
3638:. The National Academies Collection: Reports funded by National Institutes of Health. Washington, DC: National Academies Press (US).
4052:
3243:
2029:
653:
3601:
3470:), the domesticate, differs from the wild species in having indehiscent pods, due to a single recessive gene, and nondormant seeds.
3412:
2245:
flatbread. Yellow lentils are used to make a non-spicy stew, which is one of the first solid foods
Ethiopians feed their babies.
1591:
3548:
5282:
5003:
1537:
800:
2248:
Lentils were a chief part of the diet of ancient
Iranians, who consumed lentils daily in the form of a stew poured over rice.
5310:
4101:
2011:
635:
5034:
3657:
5055:
1286:
3597:
1322:
1087:
4040:
2220:. In Western countries, cooked lentils are often used in salads. In Italy, the traditional dish for New Year's Eve is
1971:
430:
5318:
5156:
3282:
3256:
2871:
1921:
1080:
3570:
Bora, Pushkar Singh (2002). "Functional properties of native and succinylated lentil (Lens culinaris) globulins".
2000:
624:
5073:
4094:
3039:
using meristamatic explants, callus culture and regeneration, protoplast culture and doubled haploid production.
2145:. Boiled lentils and lentil stock are used to thicken most vegetarian curries. They are also used as stuffing in
5161:
5096:
4754:
3072:
1931:
1848:
1781:
1737:
1293:
989:
5323:
1941:
421:
Many different names in different parts of the world are used for the crop lentil. The first use of the word
70:
5382:
4941:
4069:
2007:
1807:
1513:
1234:
631:
4946:
4933:
3980:"Classification and Characterization of Species within the Genus Lens Using Genotyping-by-Sequencing (GBS)"
2050:
A major part of the world's red lentil production undergoes a secondary processing step. These lentils are
5387:
4928:
4855:
4786:
4769:
2780:
1951:
1680:
1521:
1375:
2831:(45% DV), iron (25% DV), manganese (24% DV), and phosphorus (26% DV). They are a good source (10% DV) of
4982:
4764:
2629:
1961:
1863:
1764:
1749:
1712:
1580:
1308:
197:
3062:
2771:
4190:
3805:
Tovar J (1996). "Bioavailability of carbohydrates in legumes: digestible and indigestible fractions".
3112:
2110:
1705:
5083:
4889:
3991:
2681:
2642:
1870:
1260:
3722:
Ramdath D, Renwick S, Duncan AM (2016). "The Role of Pulses in the
Dietary Management of Diabetes".
3462:
native to the Near East; the other species may have contributed some genetic diversity to the crop.
2167:, which has a similar cooking time. A lentil and rice dish is referred to in Levantine countries as
1086:
Lentils improve the physical properties of soils and increase the yield of succeeding cereal crops.
4824:
2694:
2122:
2055:
1898:
792:
5047:
2091:
Lentils are used worldwide in many different dishes. Lentil dishes are most widespread throughout
745:
Brewer's: a large brown lentil which is often considered the "regular" lentil in the United States
5344:
5192:
5148:
4881:
4180:
4076:
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2798:
2603:
2583:
2351:
1799:
1640:
1495:
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1439:
1407:
255:
65:
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5021:
408:
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3908:
3814:
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3704:
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3649:
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3447:
3239:
3221:
3211:
3169:
3159:
2906:
2707:
2439:
1836:
1660:
1631:
1608:
1455:
1421:
1414:
1194:
1102:
499:
3369:"Production of lentils in 2022; Crops/World Regions/Production Quantity/Year from pick lists"
1101:
The conditions under which lentils are grown differ across different growing regions. In the
528:
was considered to be the progenitor of the cultivated lentil and was generally classified as
5122:
4570:
4513:
4158:
4153:
4117:
4009:
3999:
3938:
3900:
3872:
3842:
3766:
3731:
3688:
3579:
3320:
3153:
3036:
3024:
2918:
2887:
2836:
2616:
2456:
1554:
1387:
1335:
1004:
589:
492:
477:
4508:
3390:
5377:
5372:
5104:
4759:
4600:
4354:
4143:
3793:
Digestibility of legume starches as influenced by their physical and structural properties
2914:
2895:
1772:
1687:
1472:
1447:
1363:
354:
108:
4065:
2783:
for adults, except for potassium, which is estimated based on expert recommendation from
3995:
1067:(5500–5000 BC) and Argissa-Magula Tessaly in Greece (6000–5000 BC), along other places.
1031:
is considered to be the Middle East. The oldest known carbonized remains of lentil from
5130:
4565:
4402:
4366:
4195:
4014:
3979:
3904:
2213:
1720:
1036:
952:
95:
31:
4081:
3583:
600:
5366:
5135:
4361:
4312:
4289:
4274:
4232:
4224:
4219:
4212:
3020:
3016:
2307:
2198:
2104:
2096:
1623:
1182:
956:
780:
214:
5349:
5248:
5224:
5197:
4868:
4749:
4689:
4615:
4257:
4165:
4138:
3942:
3692:
3028:
2902:
2794:
2283:
2080:
1885:
1130:
1114:
1110:
1020:
959:, which together account for roughly 70 percent of the national lentil production.
948:
350:
5235:
2191:, a popular dish in the Indian subcontinent (India and Pakistan); a similar dish,
1169: in) deep. In agriculturally mechanized countries, lentils are planted using
779:
Beluga: black, bead-like, lens-shaped, almost spherical, named for resemblance to
575: in) long. Normally, each of them contains two seeds, about 0.5 centimetres (
4835:
4004:
3483:
3441:
694:
Masoor dal (unshelled lentils with a brown seed coat and an orange-red cotyledon)
5184:
5060:
5042:
4990:
4818:
4643:
4453:
4397:
4376:
4294:
3757:
Mudryj AN, Yu N, Aukema HM (2014). "Nutritional and health benefits of pulses".
3088:
3057:
2824:
2506:
2267:
2205:
2153:
1989:
1567:
1016:
997:
613:
377:
52:
3846:
3735:
3633:
2066:
1090:
or other rotational effects could be the reason for higher yields after lentils
4503:
4488:
4392:
4327:
4247:
3078:
2867:
2859:
2840:
2668:
2473:
2422:
2092:
1396:
1267:
1206:
1202:
1170:
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1040:
1023:
and the Indo-Gangetic plain. The primary center of diversity for the domestic
453:
444:
5261:
4920:
4809:
3950:
3912:
3700:
3533:
3371:. United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, Statistics Division. 2024
3225:
3173:
2913:
content. Trypsin is an enzyme involved in digestion, and phytates reduce the
30:
This article is about the species Vicia lens. For the meaning of "lentil" in
4902:
4724:
4679:
4473:
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4148:
3147:
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3143:
3141:
3139:
3137:
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2535:
2522:
2221:
2169:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2114:
2100:
1343:
1214:
1186:
1008:
988:, although other species may also have contributed some genes, according to
879:
806:
544:
473:
470:
164:
5336:
5174:
4023:
3778:
3770:
3743:
3708:
3653:
1060:
508:
17:
4077:
Lentils – Country
Production, Consumption, Exports, and Imports Statistics
3818:
5331:
5218:
5169:
4845:
4803:
4719:
4699:
4684:
4560:
4539:
4483:
4463:
4458:
4185:
3368:
3015:
Crosses generally fail between members of different gene pools. However,
2883:
2832:
2405:
2228:
2209:
2076:
1222:
1210:
1198:
1138:
557:
540:
480:
439:
369:
154:
121:
5109:
4956:
3876:
751:
Laird: the commercial standard for large green lentils in western Canada
5274:
4969:
4876:
4709:
4653:
4610:
4590:
4575:
4555:
4468:
4433:
4423:
3340:
3325:
3308:
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2820:
2385:
2193:
2187:
2157:
2149:
2014: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1126:
1052:
638: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
561:
495:
144:
3082:
2141:, lentil curry is part of the everyday diet, eaten with both rice and
951:. India was the world's second-largest producer, led by the states of
4995:
4714:
4658:
4605:
4493:
4448:
4443:
4438:
4337:
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4322:
2863:
2851:
2828:
2489:
2241:
2178:
1218:
1190:
1056:
1048:
1032:
1012:
996:, 2017). Unlike their wild ancestors, domesticated lentil crops have
915:
897:
843:
552:
524:
and six related wild taxa. Among the different taxa of wild lentils,
484:
434:
362:
346:
134:
35:
4780:
3042:
There is a proposed revision of the gene pools using SNP phylogeny.
4086:
3482:
Jain, Shri Mohan; Al-Khayri, Jameel M.; Johnson, Dennis V. (2019).
2890:
classified as RS1. A minimum of 10% in starch from lentils escapes
27:
Species of flowering plant with edible seeds in the family
Fabaceae
5287:
5008:
4907:
4729:
4694:
4674:
4595:
4580:
4534:
4529:
4478:
4428:
4418:
4317:
4175:
4170:
2819:
ounces), cooked lentils (boiled; variety unspecified) provide 114
2297:
2109:
2065:
1044:
944:
861:
826:
599:
507:
502:
426:
397:
385:
361:. It is about 40 cm (16 in) tall, and the seeds grow in
174:
82:
4704:
4638:
4585:
4371:
4279:
3514:
Shyam S. Yadav; David McNeil; Philip C. Stevenson, eds. (2007).
3152:
Shyam S. Yadav; David McNeil; Philip C. Stevenson, eds. (2007).
2855:
2720:
2217:
2164:
2142:
2126:
2051:
1079:
around 7 would be the best. Lentils do not tolerate flooding or
1064:
488:
393:
389:
358:
4894:
4784:
4090:
1185:– a practice commonly used in lentil cultivation –
3238:
Harold McGee, "On Food and
Cooking", 2004 Edition, Scribners.
3052:
2931:
International Center for Agriculture Research in the Dry Areas
2802:
2327:
2239:, one of the dishes people eat with Ethiopia's national food,
2146:
1983:
607:
381:
799:): Small dark speckled blue-green lentil from France with a
1076:
3602:"Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels"
2204:
Lentils are used to prepare an inexpensive and nutritious
380:, split lentils (often with their hulls removed) known as
3485:
Advances in Plant Breeding Strategies: Legumes: Volume 7
3509:
3507:
3505:
943:
In 2022, global production of lentils was 6.7 million
3283:"Lentils 101: What To Do With Lentils And Why Bother"
2953:
possess morphological similarities to the cultivated
1189:
may be needed to assure crop health. Like many other
3458:
The primary progenitor of the cultigen is evidently
3443:
Historical Geography of Crop Plants: A Select Roster
1239:
Below is a list of the most common lentil diseases.
60:
Puy (left), green (center), and red (right) lentils
5208:
4793:
4742:
4667:
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4624:
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4522:
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2693:
2680:
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2560:
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2534:
2521:
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2438:
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2404:
2383:
2348:
2324:
2306:
2296:
2280:
2266:
2261:
3635:Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium
3549:"Microstructure of lentil seeds (Lens culinaris)"
3158:. Berlin: Springer Science & Business Media.
2593:
2395:
700:Red Chief (light tan seed coat and red cotyledon)
2257:Lentils, mature seeds, cooked, boiled, with salt
2177:. In Iran, rice and lentil is served with fried
3393:. Lentils.org, Saskatchewan Pulse Growers. 2022
2185:. Rice and lentils are also cooked together in
2969:species can be divided into three gene pools:
2262:Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)
2079:capacity which can be even increased by dough
4102:
3931:Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding
3924:
3922:
3559:: 241–246 – via digitalcommons.usu.edu.
2805:(table). In a reference amount of 100 grams (
1173:, but many other areas still hand broadcast.
1137:The plant densities for lentils vary between
560:, whereas the lower leaves are mucronate. If
8:
3761:(Review. Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't).
2823:, and are a rich source (20% or more of the
2256:
3201:
3199:
3197:
3195:
3193:
3191:
3189:
3187:
3185:
3183:
512:Lentil plants in the field before flowering
4781:
4628:
4128:
4109:
4095:
4087:
4066:" Multilingual taxonomic information"
3598:United States Food and Drug Administration
3547:HUGHES, Joe S.; Swanson, Barry G. (1986).
2365:
2255:
2197:, made in Egypt, is considered one of two
1468:Cylindrosporium leaf spot and stem canker
51:
42:
4013:
4003:
3324:
2030:Learn how and when to remove this message
654:Learn how and when to remove this message
3858:
3856:
3835:Journal of Food Composition and Analysis
3516:Lentil: an ancient crop for modern times
3435:
3433:
3155:Lentil: An Ancient Crop for Modern Times
1911:
1825:
1246:
812:
429:was in the 17th century by the botanist
407:
238:(Czefr.) H.Schaef., Coulot & Rabaute
3307:Slinkard, A. E.; Bhatty, R. S. (1979).
3208:The lentil: botany, production and uses
3101:
2886:. The remaining 65% of the starch is a
697:Petite crimson (shelled Masoor lentils)
4082:Alternative Field Crops Manual: Lentil
3791:Kawaljit Singh Sandhu, Seung-Taik Lim
3107:
3105:
412:Illustration of the lentil plant, 1885
368:Lentils are used around the world for
308:(L.) Huth (1893), not validly publ.
3363:
3361:
1177:Cultivation management, fertilization
980:was derived from its wild subspecies
262:
7:
5084:c6253487-99db-4312-8747-3283ecb03666
3413:"India production of Lentil (Masur)"
2012:adding citations to reliable sources
636:adding citations to reliable sources
476:which is contained in the flowering
1125:The lentil requires a firm, smooth
1047:(6250–5950 BC), Aceramic Beidha in
994:Historical Geography of Crop Plants
374:cuisines of the Indian subcontinent
5162:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30001819-2
3905:10.1111/j.1365-2621.2002.tb09609.x
3612:from the original on 27 March 2024
3257:"Pulse Australia - Southern guide"
2793:Boiled lentils are 70% water, 20%
2163:They are frequently combined with
737:Large green/brown-seed coat types:
721:Medium green/brown-seed coat types
705:Small green/brown-seed coat types:
365:, usually with two seeds in each.
25:
3965:"BATS: Methods of Plant Breeding"
3313:Canadian Journal of Plant Science
437:" was derived from the chickpea,
5324:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:524872-1
4250:
3081:
2772:Link to Full USDA Database entry
1988:
1059:(5800–5000 BC), Tepe Sabz (Ita.
908:
890:
872:
854:
836:
612:
69:
3660:from the original on 9 May 2024
3281:Hall, Suzanne (17 March 2014).
2858:(13%) (table). Lentils contain
1999:needs additional citations for
1121:Seedbed requirements and sowing
1027:as well as its wild progenitor
1003:Lentil was domesticated in the
923:
801:Protected Designation of Origin
623:needs additional citations for
396:. Lentils are commonly used in
300:Moench (1794), nom. superfl.
3943:10.5958/0975-6906.2016.00071.7
3693:10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.04.014
3206:Erskine, William, ed. (2009).
2227:Lentils are commonly eaten in
1673:Pythium root and seedling rot
1201:. Lentils grow well under low
783:. Called Indianhead in Canada.
384:are often cooked into a thick
1:
3584:10.1016/s0308-8146(01)00332-6
2070:Split red lentils (size 6 mm)
2054:, split and polished. In the
1287:Colletotrichum lindemuthianum
4045:The Oxford Companion to Food
4005:10.1371/journal.pone.0122025
3122:. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
3023:allows the growth of viable
2779:Percentages estimated using
1088:Biological nitrogen fixation
1029:L. culinaris ssp. orientalis
1000:pods and non-dormant seeds.
789:: big yellow Mexican lentils
520:consisted of the cultivated
3518:. Berlin: Springer Verlag.
3440:Sauer, Jonathan D. (2017).
3341:"Cook's Thesaurus: Lentils"
2872:polyunsaturated fatty acids
2272:477 kJ (114 kcal)
2231:in a stew-like dish called
1972:Pea seed-borne mosaic virus
1918:Bean (pea) leaf roll virus
1550:Helminthosporium leaf spot
1205:input conditions, although
388:that is usually eaten with
5404:
4245:
3847:10.1016/j.jfca.2014.10.008
3736:10.1016/j.jcjd.2016.05.015
3120:Plants of the World Online
3063:Lentils with Swabian pasta
2212:, sometimes combined with
1922:Beet western yellows virus
1232:
1197:in the soil with specific
1129:with most of the previous
217:) Coss. & Germ. (1845)
29:
3417:agriexchange.apeda.gov.in
3210:. Wallingford, UK: CABI.
2778:
2768:
2764:
2740:
2732:
2577:
2573:
2379:
2375:
2368:
2364:
2344:
2340:
2320:
2316:
2276:
816:Lentil production – 2022
815:
261:
254:
227:
222:
203:
196:
66:Scientific classification
64:
59:
50:
45:
3073:National Lentil Festival
1932:Bean yellow mosaic virus
1849:Rotylenchulus reniformis
1782:Stemphylium sarciniforme
1738:Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
1649:Leveillula leguminosarum
1294:Colletotrichum truncatum
1195:fix atmospheric nitrogen
769:Riveland (United States)
726:Avondale (United States)
604:Red and brown comparison
425:to designate a specific
4132:Non-alcoholic beverages
4070:University of Melbourne
3893:Journal of Food Science
3795:Elsevier, 16 March 2007
3759:Appl Physiol Nutr Metab
3117:(L.) Coss. & Germ."
3017:plant growth regulators
2781:US recommendations
2210:North and South America
1942:Broad bean mottle virus
1808:Thanatephorus cucumeris
1514:Macrophomina phaseolina
1235:List of lentil diseases
766:Pennell (United States)
3813:(4 Suppl 1): 36S–40S.
3771:10.1139/apnm-2013-0557
2909:and a relatively high
2894:and absorption in the
2785:the National Academies
2208:throughout Europe and
2181:; this dish is called
2118:
2071:
1952:Broad bean stain virus
1681:Pythium aphanidermatum
1522:Rhizoctonia bataticola
1376:Thielaviopsis basicola
1371:Black streak root rot
972:The cultivated lentil
679:Northfield (Australia)
605:
513:
451:) from the fava bean (
449:Quintus Fabius Maximus
413:
376:, where lentils are a
316:(L.) W.Wight (1912)
2994:Secondary gene pool:
2370:Vitamins and minerals
2224:served with lentils.
2113:
2069:
1968:Pea seedborne mosaic
1962:Cucumber mosaic virus
1881:Root lesion nematode
1864:Meloidogyne incognita
1827:Nematodes, parasitic
1765:Stemphylium botryosum
1750:Bipolaris sorokiniana
1733:Sclerotinia stem rot
1713:Uromyces viciae-fabae
1581:Cladosporium herbarum
1309:Aphanomyces euteiches
1304:Aphanomyces root rot
1183:intercropping systems
603:
511:
483:or commonly known as
411:
404:Botanical description
324:(L.) Stokes (1812)
284:(L.) Bernh. (1800)
268:(L.) Willd. (1802)
3004:Tertiary gene pool:
2008:improve this article
1871:Meloidogyne javanica
1822:Nematodes, parasitic
1261:Alternaria alternata
1097:Climate requirements
748:Castellana (Spanish)
671:Red-cotyledon types:
632:improve this article
4205:Alcoholic beverages
3996:2015PLoSO..1022025W
3877:10.1021/jf00046a039
3391:"Lentil production"
2457:Pantothenic acid (B
2258:
2123:Indian subcontinent
2056:Indian subcontinent
1928:Bean yellow mosaic
1914:
1899:Ditylenchus dipsaci
1856:Root knot nematode
1828:
1757:Stemphylium blight
1383:Botrytis gray mold
1249:
1193:crops, lentils can
1011:and then spread to
729:Matilda (Australia)
691:Aldinga (Australia)
4668:Herbs & spices
4625:Common ingredients
3807:Arch Latinoam Nutr
3326:10.4141/cjps79-079
2907:trypsin inhibitors
2901:Lentils also have
2746:Other constituents
2119:
2072:
1938:Broad bean mottle
1912:
1844:Reniform nematode
1826:
1800:Rhizoctonia solani
1641:Leveillula taurica
1539:Fusarium oxysporum
1496:Peronospora viciae
1489:Peronospora lentis
1440:Sclerotium rolfsii
1408:Cercospora cruenta
1253:Alternaria blight
1247:
1103:temperate climates
763:Naslada (Bulgaria)
742:Boomer (Australia)
688:Nugget (Australia)
685:Digger (Australia)
682:Cobber (Australia)
676:Nipper (Australia)
606:
543:, which means the
514:
414:
5360:
5359:
5118:Open Tree of Life
4787:Taxon identifiers
4778:
4777:
4738:
4737:
4474:Macaroni béchamel
4243:
4242:
3871:(10): 2291–2295.
3865:J Agric Food Chem
3645:978-0-309-48834-1
3525:978-1-4020-6312-1
3495:978-3-030-23399-0
3453:978-1-351-44062-2
3217:978-1-84593-487-3
3165:978-1-4020-6312-1
3037:micro-propagation
3031:programme. Thus,
2973:Primary gene pool
2905:factors, such as
2878:Digestive effects
2791:
2790:
2736:
2735:
2252:Nutritional value
2083:in bread making.
2040:
2039:
2032:
1977:
1976:
1948:Broad bean stain
1905:
1904:
1837:Heterodera ciceri
1819:
1818:
1661:Oidiopsis taurica
1632:Erysiphe polygoni
1609:Phoma medicaginis
1456:Corticium rolfsii
1422:Cercospora zonata
1415:Cercospora lentis
1316:Ascochyta blight
1071:Soil requirements
936:
935:
830:
664:
663:
656:
516:The former genus
331:
330:
325:
317:
309:
301:
293:
285:
277:
269:
16:(Redirected from
5395:
5353:
5352:
5340:
5339:
5327:
5326:
5314:
5313:
5304:
5303:
5291:
5290:
5278:
5277:
5265:
5264:
5252:
5251:
5239:
5238:
5229:
5228:
5227:
5201:
5200:
5188:
5187:
5178:
5177:
5165:
5164:
5152:
5151:
5139:
5138:
5126:
5125:
5113:
5112:
5100:
5099:
5087:
5086:
5077:
5076:
5064:
5063:
5061:NHMSYS0000460230
5051:
5050:
5038:
5037:
5025:
5024:
5012:
5011:
4999:
4998:
4986:
4985:
4973:
4972:
4960:
4959:
4950:
4949:
4937:
4936:
4924:
4923:
4911:
4910:
4898:
4897:
4885:
4884:
4872:
4871:
4859:
4858:
4849:
4848:
4839:
4838:
4829:
4828:
4827:
4814:
4813:
4812:
4782:
4755:Ancient Egyptian
4743:Related cuisines
4629:
4571:Feteer meshaltet
4260:
4255:
4254:
4253:
4129:
4118:Egyptian cuisine
4111:
4104:
4097:
4088:
4073:
4028:
4027:
4017:
4007:
3975:
3969:
3968:
3961:
3955:
3954:
3926:
3917:
3916:
3899:(9): 3484–3488.
3887:
3881:
3880:
3860:
3851:
3850:
3829:
3823:
3822:
3802:
3796:
3789:
3783:
3782:
3765:(11): 1197–204.
3754:
3748:
3747:
3719:
3713:
3712:
3676:
3670:
3669:
3667:
3665:
3628:
3622:
3621:
3619:
3617:
3594:
3588:
3587:
3567:
3561:
3560:
3544:
3538:
3537:
3511:
3500:
3499:
3479:
3473:
3472:
3437:
3428:
3427:
3425:
3423:
3409:
3403:
3402:
3400:
3398:
3387:
3381:
3380:
3378:
3376:
3365:
3356:
3355:
3353:
3351:
3337:
3331:
3330:
3328:
3304:
3298:
3297:
3295:
3293:
3278:
3272:
3271:
3269:
3267:
3253:
3247:
3236:
3230:
3229:
3203:
3178:
3177:
3149:
3132:
3131:
3129:
3127:
3109:
3091:
3086:
3085:
2919:dietary minerals
2888:resistant starch
2837:pantothenic acid
2818:
2817:
2813:
2810:
2597:
2510:
2493:
2477:
2460:
2443:
2426:
2409:
2399:
2366:
2259:
2035:
2028:
2024:
2021:
2015:
1992:
1984:
1958:Cucumber mosaic
1915:
1829:
1706:Uromyces craccae
1604:Phoma leaf spot
1555:Helminthosporium
1388:Botrytis cinerea
1336:Ascochyta lentis
1250:
1248:Fungal diseases
1221:may be used for
1168:
1167:
1163:
1160:
1154:
1153:
1149:
1146:
1005:Fertile Crescent
914:
912:
911:
896:
894:
893:
878:
876:
875:
860:
858:
857:
842:
840:
839:
824:
813:
659:
652:
648:
645:
639:
616:
608:
590:self-pollinating
584:
583:
579:
574:
573:
569:
323:
315:
307:
299:
292:Medik. (1787)
291:
283:
275:
267:
239:
209:
74:
73:
55:
43:
21:
5403:
5402:
5398:
5397:
5396:
5394:
5393:
5392:
5363:
5362:
5361:
5356:
5348:
5343:
5335:
5330:
5322:
5317:
5309:
5307:
5299:
5294:
5286:
5281:
5273:
5268:
5260:
5255:
5247:
5242:
5234:
5232:
5223:
5222:
5217:
5204:
5196:
5191:
5183:
5181:
5173:
5168:
5160:
5155:
5147:
5142:
5134:
5129:
5121:
5116:
5108:
5105:Observation.org
5103:
5095:
5090:
5082:
5080:
5072:
5067:
5059:
5054:
5046:
5041:
5033:
5028:
5020:
5015:
5007:
5002:
4994:
4989:
4981:
4976:
4968:
4963:
4955:
4953:
4945:
4940:
4932:
4927:
4919:
4914:
4906:
4901:
4893:
4888:
4880:
4875:
4867:
4862:
4854:
4852:
4844:
4842:
4834:
4832:
4823:
4822:
4817:
4808:
4807:
4802:
4789:
4779:
4774:
4734:
4663:
4620:
4544:
4518:
4407:
4381:
4355:Egyptian cheese
4342:
4305:
4299:
4263:
4256:
4251:
4249:
4239:
4200:
4120:
4115:
4064:
4061:
4037:
4035:Further reading
4032:
4031:
3990:(3): e0122025.
3977:
3976:
3972:
3963:
3962:
3958:
3928:
3927:
3920:
3889:
3888:
3884:
3862:
3861:
3854:
3831:
3830:
3826:
3804:
3803:
3799:
3790:
3786:
3756:
3755:
3751:
3721:
3720:
3716:
3678:
3677:
3673:
3663:
3661:
3646:
3630:
3629:
3625:
3615:
3613:
3596:
3595:
3591:
3569:
3568:
3564:
3546:
3545:
3541:
3526:
3513:
3512:
3503:
3496:
3481:
3480:
3476:
3454:
3439:
3438:
3431:
3421:
3419:
3411:
3410:
3406:
3396:
3394:
3389:
3388:
3384:
3374:
3372:
3367:
3366:
3359:
3349:
3347:
3339:
3338:
3334:
3306:
3305:
3301:
3291:
3289:
3280:
3279:
3275:
3265:
3263:
3261:pulseaus.com.au
3255:
3254:
3250:
3237:
3233:
3218:
3205:
3204:
3181:
3166:
3151:
3150:
3135:
3125:
3123:
3111:
3110:
3103:
3098:
3087:
3080:
3077:
3048:
2927:
2915:bioavailability
2896:small intestine
2880:
2844:
2815:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2774:
2769:
2727:
2714:
2701:
2688:
2675:
2662:
2649:
2636:
2623:
2610:
2598:
2568:
2555:
2542:
2529:
2516:
2508:
2500:
2491:
2483:
2475:
2467:
2458:
2450:
2441:
2433:
2424:
2416:
2407:
2400:
2371:
2360:
2355:
2336:
2331:
2292:
2287:
2254:
2199:national dishes
2089:
2064:
2045:
2036:
2025:
2019:
2016:
2005:
1993:
1982:
1913:Viral diseases
1910:
1876:
1824:
1815:
1787:
1773:Pleospora tarda
1728:
1693:
1688:Pythium ultimum
1668:
1616:Powdery mildew
1593:Ozonium texanum
1576:Leaf yellowing
1529:
1501:
1473:Cylindrosporium
1463:
1448:Athelia rolfsii
1427:
1364:Fusarium solani
1359:Black root rot
1354:
1324:Ascochyta fabae
1299:
1274:
1245:
1243:Fungal diseases
1237:
1231:
1179:
1165:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1151:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1123:
1099:
1073:
970:
965:
941:
909:
907:
891:
889:
873:
871:
855:
853:
837:
835:
716:Verdina (Spain)
713:Pardina (Spain)
660:
649:
643:
640:
629:
617:
598:
581:
577:
576:
571:
567:
566:
491:family, of the
469:is part of the
463:
440:Cicer arietinum
419:
406:
345:) is an edible
237:
218:
211:
205:
192:
68:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5401:
5399:
5391:
5390:
5385:
5383:Edible legumes
5380:
5375:
5365:
5364:
5358:
5357:
5355:
5354:
5350:wfo-0000212728
5341:
5328:
5315:
5305:
5292:
5279:
5266:
5253:
5240:
5230:
5214:
5212:
5206:
5205:
5203:
5202:
5198:wfo-0000212711
5189:
5179:
5166:
5153:
5140:
5127:
5114:
5101:
5088:
5078:
5065:
5052:
5039:
5026:
5013:
5000:
4987:
4974:
4961:
4951:
4938:
4925:
4912:
4899:
4886:
4873:
4860:
4850:
4840:
4830:
4825:Lens culinaris
4815:
4799:
4797:
4795:Lens culinaris
4791:
4790:
4785:
4776:
4775:
4773:
4772:
4770:Middle Eastern
4767:
4762:
4757:
4752:
4746:
4744:
4740:
4739:
4736:
4735:
4733:
4732:
4727:
4722:
4717:
4712:
4707:
4702:
4697:
4692:
4687:
4682:
4677:
4671:
4669:
4665:
4664:
4662:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4635:
4633:
4626:
4622:
4621:
4619:
4618:
4613:
4608:
4603:
4598:
4596:Luqmet el qadi
4593:
4588:
4583:
4578:
4573:
4568:
4563:
4558:
4552:
4550:
4546:
4545:
4543:
4542:
4537:
4532:
4526:
4524:
4520:
4519:
4517:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4415:
4413:
4409:
4408:
4406:
4405:
4403:Shorbet khodar
4400:
4398:Shorbet ‘ads
4395:
4389:
4387:
4383:
4382:
4380:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4358:(main article)
4350:
4348:
4344:
4343:
4341:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4309:
4307:
4301:
4300:
4298:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4271:
4269:
4265:
4264:
4262:
4261:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4240:
4238:
4237:
4236:(main article)
4228:
4227:
4222:
4217:
4216:(main article)
4208:
4206:
4202:
4201:
4199:
4198:
4196:Turkish coffee
4193:
4188:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4163:
4162:
4161:
4156:
4146:
4141:
4135:
4133:
4126:
4122:
4121:
4116:
4114:
4113:
4106:
4099:
4091:
4085:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4060:
4059:External links
4057:
4056:
4055:
4036:
4033:
4030:
4029:
3970:
3956:
3918:
3882:
3852:
3824:
3797:
3784:
3749:
3724:Can J Diabetes
3714:
3681:Food Chemistry
3671:
3644:
3623:
3589:
3578:(2): 171–176.
3572:Food Chemistry
3562:
3553:Food Structure
3539:
3524:
3501:
3494:
3474:
3452:
3429:
3404:
3382:
3357:
3332:
3319:(2): 503:504.
3309:"Laird lentil"
3299:
3287:The Chalkboard
3273:
3248:
3231:
3216:
3179:
3164:
3133:
3100:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3093:
3092:
3076:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3013:
3012:
3002:
2992:
2926:
2923:
2879:
2876:
2854:(13% DV), and
2842:
2789:
2788:
2776:
2775:
2770:
2766:
2765:
2762:
2761:
2758:
2754:
2753:
2748:
2742:
2741:
2738:
2737:
2734:
2733:
2730:
2729:
2725:
2723:
2717:
2716:
2712:
2710:
2704:
2703:
2699:
2697:
2691:
2690:
2686:
2684:
2678:
2677:
2673:
2671:
2665:
2664:
2660:
2658:
2652:
2651:
2647:
2645:
2639:
2638:
2634:
2632:
2626:
2625:
2621:
2619:
2613:
2612:
2608:
2606:
2600:
2599:
2592:
2587:
2579:
2578:
2575:
2574:
2571:
2570:
2566:
2564:
2558:
2557:
2553:
2551:
2545:
2544:
2540:
2538:
2532:
2531:
2527:
2525:
2519:
2518:
2514:
2512:
2503:
2502:
2498:
2496:
2486:
2485:
2481:
2479:
2470:
2469:
2465:
2463:
2453:
2452:
2448:
2446:
2436:
2435:
2431:
2429:
2419:
2418:
2414:
2412:
2402:
2401:
2394:
2389:
2381:
2380:
2377:
2376:
2373:
2372:
2369:
2362:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2349:
2346:
2345:
2342:
2341:
2338:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2325:
2322:
2321:
2318:
2317:
2314:
2313:
2310:
2304:
2303:
2300:
2294:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2281:
2278:
2277:
2274:
2273:
2270:
2264:
2263:
2253:
2250:
2088:
2085:
2063:
2060:
2044:
2041:
2038:
2037:
1996:
1994:
1987:
1981:
1978:
1975:
1974:
1969:
1965:
1964:
1959:
1955:
1954:
1949:
1945:
1944:
1939:
1935:
1934:
1929:
1925:
1924:
1919:
1909:
1908:Viral diseases
1906:
1903:
1902:
1895:
1894:Stem nematode
1891:
1890:
1882:
1878:
1877:
1875:
1874:
1867:
1859:
1857:
1853:
1852:
1845:
1841:
1840:
1833:
1832:Cyst nematode
1823:
1820:
1817:
1816:
1814:
1813:
1812:
1811:
1795:
1793:
1789:
1788:
1786:
1785:
1778:
1777:
1776:
1760:
1758:
1754:
1753:
1746:
1742:
1741:
1734:
1730:
1729:
1727:
1726:
1725:
1724:
1721:Uromyces fabae
1709:
1701:
1699:
1695:
1694:
1692:
1691:
1684:
1676:
1674:
1670:
1669:
1667:
1666:
1665:
1664:
1656:
1637:
1636:
1635:
1619:
1617:
1613:
1612:
1605:
1601:
1600:
1589:
1585:
1584:
1577:
1573:
1572:
1564:
1560:
1559:
1551:
1547:
1546:
1535:
1534:Fusarium wilt
1531:
1530:
1528:
1527:
1526:
1525:
1509:
1507:
1503:
1502:
1500:
1499:
1492:
1484:
1482:
1478:
1477:
1469:
1465:
1464:
1462:
1461:
1460:
1459:
1451:
1435:
1433:
1429:
1428:
1426:
1425:
1418:
1411:
1403:
1401:
1392:
1391:
1384:
1380:
1379:
1372:
1368:
1367:
1360:
1356:
1355:
1353:
1352:
1351:
1350:
1339:
1319:
1317:
1313:
1312:
1305:
1301:
1300:
1298:
1297:
1290:
1282:
1280:
1276:
1275:
1273:
1272:
1264:
1256:
1254:
1244:
1241:
1233:Main article:
1230:
1227:
1178:
1175:
1122:
1119:
1098:
1095:
1072:
1069:
1037:Franchthi Cave
1025:Lens culinaris
990:Jonathan Sauer
974:Lens culinaris
969:
966:
964:
961:
953:Madhya Pradesh
940:
937:
934:
933:
928:
922:
921:
918:
904:
903:
900:
886:
885:
882:
868:
867:
864:
850:
849:
846:
832:
831:
822:
818:
817:
811:
810:
804:
790:
784:
771:
770:
767:
764:
761:
758:
755:
752:
749:
746:
743:
734:
733:
730:
727:
718:
717:
714:
711:
702:
701:
698:
695:
692:
689:
686:
683:
680:
677:
662:
661:
620:
618:
611:
597:
594:
462:
459:
418:
415:
405:
402:
353:known for its
343:Lens culinaris
329:
328:
327:
326:
318:
310:
302:
297:Lens esculenta
294:
289:Lens culinaris
286:
278:
270:
259:
258:
252:
251:
250:
249:
240:
225:
224:
220:
219:
212:
201:
200:
194:
193:
186:
184:
180:
179:
172:
168:
167:
162:
158:
157:
152:
148:
147:
142:
138:
137:
132:
125:
124:
119:
112:
111:
106:
99:
98:
93:
86:
85:
80:
76:
75:
62:
61:
57:
56:
48:
47:
32:Indian English
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5400:
5389:
5388:Founder crops
5386:
5384:
5381:
5379:
5376:
5374:
5371:
5370:
5368:
5351:
5346:
5342:
5338:
5333:
5329:
5325:
5320:
5316:
5312:
5306:
5302:
5297:
5293:
5289:
5284:
5280:
5276:
5271:
5267:
5263:
5258:
5254:
5250:
5245:
5241:
5237:
5231:
5226:
5220:
5216:
5215:
5213:
5211:
5207:
5199:
5194:
5190:
5186:
5180:
5176:
5171:
5167:
5163:
5158:
5154:
5150:
5145:
5141:
5137:
5132:
5128:
5124:
5119:
5115:
5111:
5106:
5102:
5098:
5093:
5089:
5085:
5079:
5075:
5070:
5066:
5062:
5057:
5053:
5049:
5044:
5040:
5036:
5031:
5027:
5023:
5018:
5014:
5010:
5005:
5001:
4997:
4992:
4988:
4984:
4979:
4975:
4971:
4966:
4962:
4958:
4952:
4948:
4943:
4939:
4935:
4930:
4926:
4922:
4917:
4913:
4909:
4904:
4900:
4896:
4891:
4887:
4883:
4878:
4874:
4870:
4865:
4861:
4857:
4851:
4847:
4841:
4837:
4831:
4826:
4820:
4816:
4811:
4805:
4801:
4800:
4798:
4796:
4792:
4788:
4783:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4765:Mediterranean
4763:
4761:
4760:North African
4758:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4747:
4745:
4741:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4672:
4670:
4666:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4636:
4634:
4630:
4627:
4623:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4584:
4582:
4579:
4577:
4574:
4572:
4569:
4567:
4566:Eish essaraya
4564:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4553:
4551:
4547:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4527:
4525:
4523:Grilled meats
4521:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4416:
4414:
4410:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4390:
4388:
4384:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4357:
4356:
4352:
4351:
4349:
4345:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4328:Salata baladi
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4310:
4308:
4302:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4290:Eish merahrah
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4272:
4270:
4266:
4259:
4248:
4235:
4234:
4233:Egyptian wine
4230:
4229:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4215:
4214:
4213:Beer in Egypt
4210:
4209:
4207:
4203:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4151:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4136:
4134:
4130:
4127:
4123:
4119:
4112:
4107:
4105:
4100:
4098:
4093:
4092:
4089:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4071:
4067:
4063:
4062:
4058:
4054:
4053:0-19-211579-0
4050:
4046:
4042:
4041:Alan Davidson
4039:
4038:
4034:
4025:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3997:
3993:
3989:
3985:
3981:
3974:
3971:
3966:
3960:
3957:
3952:
3948:
3944:
3940:
3936:
3932:
3925:
3923:
3919:
3914:
3910:
3906:
3902:
3898:
3894:
3886:
3883:
3878:
3874:
3870:
3866:
3859:
3857:
3853:
3848:
3844:
3840:
3836:
3828:
3825:
3820:
3816:
3812:
3808:
3801:
3798:
3794:
3788:
3785:
3780:
3776:
3772:
3768:
3764:
3760:
3753:
3750:
3745:
3741:
3737:
3733:
3730:(4): 355–63.
3729:
3725:
3718:
3715:
3710:
3706:
3702:
3698:
3694:
3690:
3686:
3682:
3675:
3672:
3659:
3655:
3651:
3647:
3641:
3637:
3636:
3627:
3624:
3611:
3607:
3603:
3599:
3593:
3590:
3585:
3581:
3577:
3573:
3566:
3563:
3558:
3554:
3550:
3543:
3540:
3535:
3531:
3527:
3521:
3517:
3510:
3508:
3506:
3502:
3497:
3491:
3487:
3486:
3478:
3475:
3471:
3469:
3468:L. esculentus
3465:
3461:
3460:L. orientalis
3455:
3449:
3446:. Routledge.
3445:
3444:
3436:
3434:
3430:
3418:
3414:
3408:
3405:
3392:
3386:
3383:
3370:
3364:
3362:
3358:
3346:
3342:
3336:
3333:
3327:
3322:
3318:
3314:
3310:
3303:
3300:
3288:
3284:
3277:
3274:
3262:
3258:
3252:
3249:
3245:
3244:0-684-80001-2
3241:
3235:
3232:
3227:
3223:
3219:
3213:
3209:
3202:
3200:
3198:
3196:
3194:
3192:
3190:
3188:
3186:
3184:
3180:
3175:
3171:
3167:
3161:
3157:
3156:
3148:
3146:
3144:
3142:
3140:
3138:
3134:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3108:
3106:
3102:
3095:
3090:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3050:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3034:
3030:
3026:
3022:
3021:embryo rescue
3018:
3011:
3010:L. tomentosus
3007:
3003:
3001:
2997:
2993:
2991:
2987:
2983:
2979:
2976:
2972:
2971:
2970:
2968:
2964:
2960:
2956:
2952:
2951:L. orientalis
2948:
2943:
2938:
2934:
2932:
2924:
2922:
2920:
2916:
2912:
2908:
2904:
2899:
2897:
2893:
2889:
2885:
2877:
2875:
2873:
2869:
2865:
2861:
2857:
2853:
2849:
2845:
2838:
2834:
2830:
2826:
2822:
2804:
2800:
2796:
2795:carbohydrates
2786:
2782:
2777:
2773:
2767:
2763:
2759:
2755:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2731:
2724:
2722:
2718:
2711:
2709:
2705:
2698:
2696:
2692:
2685:
2683:
2679:
2672:
2670:
2666:
2659:
2657:
2653:
2646:
2644:
2640:
2633:
2631:
2627:
2620:
2618:
2614:
2607:
2605:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2585:
2580:
2576:
2572:
2565:
2563:
2559:
2552:
2550:
2546:
2539:
2537:
2533:
2526:
2524:
2520:
2513:
2511:
2504:
2497:
2495:
2487:
2480:
2478:
2471:
2464:
2462:
2454:
2447:
2445:
2437:
2430:
2428:
2423:Riboflavin (B
2420:
2413:
2411:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2387:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2367:
2363:
2357:
2354:
2353:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2333:
2330:
2329:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2311:
2309:
2308:Dietary fiber
2305:
2301:
2299:
2295:
2289:
2286:
2285:
2284:Carbohydrates
2279:
2275:
2271:
2269:
2265:
2260:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2243:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2225:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2202:
2200:
2196:
2195:
2190:
2189:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2117:(lentil soup)
2116:
2112:
2108:
2106:
2105:Latin America
2102:
2098:
2097:Mediterranean
2094:
2087:Lentil dishes
2086:
2084:
2082:
2078:
2068:
2061:
2059:
2057:
2053:
2048:
2042:
2034:
2031:
2023:
2013:
2009:
2003:
2002:
1997:This section
1995:
1991:
1986:
1985:
1980:Use by humans
1979:
1973:
1970:
1967:
1966:
1963:
1960:
1957:
1956:
1953:
1950:
1947:
1946:
1943:
1940:
1937:
1936:
1933:
1930:
1927:
1926:
1923:
1920:
1917:
1916:
1907:
1901:
1900:
1896:
1893:
1892:
1888:
1887:
1883:
1880:
1879:
1873:
1872:
1868:
1866:
1865:
1861:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1854:
1851:
1850:
1846:
1843:
1842:
1839:
1838:
1834:
1831:
1830:
1821:
1810:
1809:
1804:
1803:
1802:
1801:
1797:
1796:
1794:
1792:Wet root rot
1791:
1790:
1784:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1774:
1769:
1768:
1767:
1766:
1762:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1755:
1752:
1751:
1747:
1744:
1743:
1740:
1739:
1735:
1732:
1731:
1723:
1722:
1717:
1716:
1715:
1714:
1710:
1708:
1707:
1703:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1696:
1690:
1689:
1685:
1683:
1682:
1678:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1671:
1663:
1662:
1657:
1655:
1654:
1650:
1645:
1644:
1643:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1633:
1628:
1627:
1626:
1625:
1624:Erysiphe pisi
1621:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1614:
1611:
1610:
1606:
1603:
1602:
1599:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1588:Ozonium wilt
1587:
1586:
1583:
1582:
1578:
1575:
1574:
1570:
1569:
1565:
1562:
1561:
1557:
1556:
1552:
1549:
1548:
1545:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1533:
1532:
1524:
1523:
1518:
1517:
1516:
1515:
1511:
1510:
1508:
1506:Dry root rot
1505:
1504:
1498:
1497:
1493:
1491:
1490:
1486:
1485:
1483:
1481:Downy mildew
1480:
1479:
1475:
1474:
1470:
1467:
1466:
1458:
1457:
1452:
1450:
1449:
1444:
1443:
1442:
1441:
1437:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1430:
1424:
1423:
1419:
1417:
1416:
1412:
1410:
1409:
1405:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1398:
1394:
1393:
1390:
1389:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1378:
1377:
1373:
1370:
1369:
1366:
1365:
1361:
1358:
1357:
1349:
1346:
1345:
1340:
1338:
1337:
1332:
1331:
1330:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1314:
1311:
1310:
1306:
1303:
1302:
1296:
1295:
1291:
1289:
1288:
1284:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1277:
1270:
1269:
1265:
1263:
1262:
1258:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1251:
1242:
1240:
1236:
1228:
1226:
1225:-poor soils.
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1176:
1174:
1172:
1140:
1135:
1132:
1131:crop residues
1128:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1096:
1094:
1093:
1089:
1084:
1082:
1078:
1070:
1068:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1001:
999:
995:
991:
987:
983:
979:
975:
967:
962:
960:
958:
957:Uttar Pradesh
954:
950:
946:
938:
932:
929:
927:
924:
919:
917:
906:
905:
901:
899:
888:
887:
883:
881:
870:
869:
865:
863:
852:
851:
847:
845:
834:
833:
828:
825:(Millions of
823:
820:
819:
814:
808:
805:
802:
798:
794:
791:
788:
785:
782:
781:beluga caviar
778:
777:
776:
775:
768:
765:
762:
759:
756:
753:
750:
747:
744:
741:
740:
739:
738:
731:
728:
725:
724:
723:
722:
715:
712:
709:
708:
707:
706:
699:
696:
693:
690:
687:
684:
681:
678:
675:
674:
673:
672:
668:
658:
655:
647:
637:
633:
627:
626:
621:This section
619:
615:
610:
609:
602:
595:
593:
591:
586:
563:
559:
554:
548:
546:
542:
537:
535:
531:
527:
526:L. orientalis
523:
519:
510:
506:
504:
501:
497:
494:
490:
486:
482:
479:
475:
472:
468:
460:
458:
456:
455:
450:
446:
442:
441:
436:
432:
428:
424:
416:
410:
403:
401:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
372:purposes. In
371:
366:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
322:
319:
314:
313:Lentilla lens
311:
306:
303:
298:
295:
290:
287:
282:
281:Lathyrus lens
279:
274:
271:
266:
263:
260:
257:
253:
248:
244:
241:
236:
232:
229:
228:
226:
221:
216:
210:
208:
202:
199:
198:Binomial name
195:
191:
190:
185:
182:
181:
178:
177:
173:
170:
169:
166:
163:
160:
159:
156:
153:
150:
149:
146:
143:
140:
139:
136:
133:
130:
127:
126:
123:
120:
117:
114:
113:
110:
107:
104:
101:
100:
97:
96:Tracheophytes
94:
91:
88:
87:
84:
81:
78:
77:
72:
67:
63:
58:
54:
49:
44:
41:
37:
33:
19:
5209:
4794:
4648:
4616:Rozz belaban
4353:
4313:Baba ghanoug
4258:Egypt portal
4231:
4211:
4044:
3987:
3983:
3973:
3959:
3934:
3930:
3896:
3892:
3885:
3868:
3864:
3838:
3834:
3827:
3810:
3806:
3800:
3792:
3787:
3762:
3758:
3752:
3727:
3723:
3717:
3684:
3680:
3674:
3662:. Retrieved
3634:
3626:
3614:. Retrieved
3605:
3592:
3575:
3571:
3565:
3556:
3552:
3542:
3515:
3488:. Springer.
3484:
3477:
3467:
3464:L. culinaris
3463:
3459:
3457:
3442:
3420:. Retrieved
3416:
3407:
3395:. Retrieved
3385:
3373:. Retrieved
3348:. Retrieved
3345:Foodsubs.com
3344:
3335:
3316:
3312:
3302:
3290:. Retrieved
3286:
3276:
3264:. Retrieved
3260:
3251:
3234:
3207:
3154:
3124:. Retrieved
3119:
3114:
3041:
3029:backcrossing
3014:
3009:
3005:
3000:L. nigricans
2999:
2995:
2990:L. odemensis
2989:
2986:. orientalis
2985:
2982:L. culinaris
2981:
2978:L. culinaris
2977:
2974:
2966:
2963:L. culinaris
2962:
2959:L. culinaris
2958:
2955:L. culinaris
2954:
2950:
2947:L. nigricans
2946:
2941:
2939:
2935:
2928:
2903:antinutrient
2900:
2881:
2792:
2750:
2745:
2594:
2589:
2582:
2396:
2391:
2384:
2350:
2326:
2282:
2247:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2226:
2203:
2192:
2186:
2182:
2174:
2168:
2162:
2120:
2090:
2081:fermentation
2073:
2062:Culinary use
2049:
2046:
2026:
2017:
2006:Please help
2001:verification
1998:
1897:
1886:Pratylenchus
1884:
1869:
1862:
1847:
1835:
1806:
1798:
1780:
1771:
1763:
1748:
1745:Spot blotch
1736:
1719:
1711:
1704:
1686:
1679:
1659:
1652:
1648:
1639:
1630:
1622:
1607:
1596:
1592:
1579:
1566:
1553:
1542:
1538:
1520:
1512:
1494:
1487:
1471:
1454:
1446:
1438:
1420:
1413:
1406:
1395:
1386:
1374:
1362:
1342:
1334:
1327:
1323:
1307:
1292:
1285:
1279:Anthracnose
1266:
1259:
1238:
1180:
1171:grain drills
1136:
1124:
1115:North Africa
1100:
1091:
1085:
1083:conditions.
1081:water-logged
1074:
1028:
1024:
1021:North Africa
1002:
993:
985:
982:L. culinaris
981:
977:
973:
971:
949:Saskatchewan
942:
930:
925:
796:
786:
774:Other types:
773:
772:
760:Mosa (Spain)
736:
735:
720:
719:
704:
703:
670:
669:
665:
650:
644:October 2015
641:
630:Please help
625:verification
622:
588:Lentils are
587:
549:
538:
533:
530:L. culinaris
529:
525:
522:L. culinaris
521:
517:
515:
478:plant family
466:
464:
452:
438:
422:
420:
367:
351:annual plant
342:
338:
334:
332:
320:
312:
304:
296:
288:
280:
276:L. (1753)
272:
264:
246:
242:
234:
230:
206:
204:
189:V. lens
188:
187:
175:
128:
115:
102:
89:
40:
5043:NatureServe
4991:iNaturalist
4819:Wikispecies
4644:Bell pepper
4454:Ful medames
4295:Eish shamsi
4280:Eish baladi
3841:: 106–111.
3687:: 296–304.
3350:15 December
3292:6 September
3266:18 November
3126:3 September
3089:Food portal
3058:Lentil soup
3033:mutagenesis
3006:L. lamottei
2996:L. ervoides
2957:. But only
2860:carotenoids
2825:Daily Value
2801:, and 0.4%
2406:Thiamine (B
2077:emulsifying
1597:parasiticum
1568:Choanephora
1432:Collar rot
1017:Middle East
998:indehiscent
963:Cultivation
793:Puy lentils
787:Macachiados
710:Eston Green
461:Systematics
400:and soups.
349:. It is an
321:Orobus lens
223:Subspecies
161:Subfamily:
109:Angiosperms
18:Red lentils
5367:Categories
5225:Q111391147
5210:Vicia lens
5131:Plant List
4853:Calflora:
4700:Bay leaves
4632:Vegetables
4504:Shakshouka
4306:and salads
4304:Appetizers
4186:Tamr hindi
4144:Aseer asab
4139:Amar eddin
3937:(4): 530.
3726:(Review).
3375:15 January
3246:. pg. 483.
3115:Vicia lens
3096:References
2868:zeaxanthin
2850:(10% DV),
2846:(14% DV),
2839:(13% DV),
2835:(15% DV),
2669:Phosphorus
2093:South Asia
2043:Processing
1400:leaf spot
1397:Cercospora
1268:Alternaria
1207:phosphorus
1203:fertilizer
1187:herbicides
1107:subtropics
1041:Tell Ramad
986:orientalis
939:Production
545:cotyledons
539:Lentil is
534:orientalis
465:The genus
454:Vicia faba
431:Tournefort
339:Vicia lens
273:Ervum lens
265:Cicer lens
243:Vicia lens
231:Vicia lens
207:Vicia lens
4947:200012187
4934:200012187
4680:Coriander
4576:Ghorayiba
4489:Molokhiya
4484:Mesaqa‘ah
4393:Molokhiya
4285:Eish fino
4149:Black tea
4125:Beverages
3951:0019-5200
3913:1750-3841
3701:0308-8146
3534:213090571
3226:435462765
3174:213090571
3068:Mujaddara
2892:digestion
2848:magnesium
2841:vitamin B
2827:, DV) of
2682:Potassium
2656:Manganese
2643:Magnesium
2562:Vitamin K
2549:Vitamin E
2536:Vitamin D
2523:Vitamin C
2507:Vitamin B
2490:Folate (B
2474:Vitamin B
2440:Niacin (B
2222:Cotechino
2183:adas polo
2170:mujaddara
2139:Caribbean
2135:Singapore
2131:Mauritius
2115:Dal tadka
2101:West Asia
2099:regions,
2020:June 2021
1563:Leaf rot
1344:Didymella
1215:potassium
1139:genotypes
1111:West Asia
1061:Tepe Sabz
1009:Near East
978:culinaris
880:Australia
807:Alb-Leisa
474:Faboideae
471:subfamily
447:" (as in
305:Lens lens
183:Species:
165:Faboideae
79:Kingdom:
5337:13034845
5332:Tropicos
5301:11218788
5288:524872-1
5219:Wikidata
5182:VASCAN:
5175:13021779
5170:Tropicos
5136:ild-7784
5048:2.127963
5022:10578748
5009:502201-1
4843:BioLib:
4804:Wikidata
4720:Cinnamon
4685:Cardamom
4561:Basbousa
4549:Desserts
4540:Shawarma
4499:Sayadiya
4464:Kamounia
4459:Hawawshi
4166:Karkadeh
4024:25815480
3984:PLOS ONE
3779:25061763
3744:27497151
3709:24837953
3658:Archived
3654:30844154
3616:28 March
3610:Archived
3600:(2024).
3422:28 March
3397:20 March
3046:See also
2925:Breeding
2884:diabetes
2833:thiamine
2821:calories
2751:Quantity
2695:Selenium
2663:0.494 mg
2624:0.251 mg
2590:Quantity
2584:Minerals
2484:0.178 mg
2468:0.638 mg
2434:0.073 mg
2417:0.169 mg
2392:Quantity
2386:Vitamins
2229:Ethiopia
2150:parathas
2137:and the
2052:dehulled
1229:Diseases
1223:nutrient
1211:nitrogen
1199:rhizobia
821:Country
797:puyensis
562:stipules
558:tendrils
541:hypogeal
481:Fabaceae
370:culinary
357:-shaped
256:Synonyms
235:lamottei
155:Fabaceae
151:Family:
122:Eudicots
5275:3973001
4970:5350010
4877:Ecocrop
4810:Q131226
4710:Parsley
4695:Aniseed
4654:Spinach
4611:Qatayef
4556:Baqlawa
4469:Kushari
4434:Falafel
4424:Besarah
4367:Domiati
4347:Cheeses
4181:Sharbat
4154:Kushari
4015:4376907
3992:Bibcode
3819:9137637
3664:21 June
3025:hybrids
3019:and/or
2911:phytate
2814:⁄
2799:protein
2760:69.64 g
2728:1.27 mg
2604:Calcium
2556:0.11 mg
2451:1.06 mg
2352:Protein
2291:19.54 g
2237:kik wot
2214:chicken
2194:kushari
2188:khichdi
2175:mejadra
2158:papadam
2121:In the
1164:⁄
1150:⁄
1127:seedbed
1053:Hacilar
1007:of the
984:subsp.
976:subsp.
968:History
732:Richlea
667:green.
580:⁄
570:⁄
532:subsp.
503:Plantae
500:kingdom
498:in the
496:Fabales
443:, and "
245:subsp.
233:subsp.
171:Genus:
145:Fabales
141:Order:
83:Plantae
46:Lentil
5378:Fabeae
5373:Lentil
5262:169849
5236:226029
5233:APDB:
5144:PLANTS
5123:156245
5081:NZOR:
5035:503364
4983:411141
4957:LENCUL
4954:FoIO:
4921:171834
4895:647510
4833:APDB:
4730:Cloves
4715:Ginger
4659:Tomato
4649:Lentil
4606:Om Ali
4601:Malban
4591:Kunafa
4581:Halawa
4514:Qolqas
4494:Mombar
4479:Mahshi
4449:Feteer
4444:Fesikh
4439:Fatteh
4412:Dishes
4362:Areesh
4338:Torshi
4333:Tehina
4323:Hummus
4268:Breads
4225:Stella
4176:Sahlab
4171:Kharob
4159:Sa‘idi
4051:
4022:
4012:
3949:
3911:
3817:
3777:
3742:
3707:
3699:
3652:
3642:
3532:
3522:
3492:
3450:
3242:
3224:
3214:
3172:
3162:
2988:) and
2870:, and
2864:lutein
2852:copper
2829:folate
2715:238 mg
2708:Sodium
2702:2.8 μg
2689:369 mg
2676:180 mg
2637:3.3 mg
2617:Copper
2569:1.7 μg
2530:1.5 mg
2501:181 μg
2359:9.02 g
2335:0.38 g
2298:Sugars
2268:Energy
2242:injera
2179:raisin
2103:, and
2095:, the
1653:lentis
1543:lentis
1541:f.sp.
1328:lentis
1326:f.sp.
1219:sulfur
1217:, and
1191:legume
1057:Turkey
1049:Jordan
1033:Greece
1015:, the
1013:Europe
945:tonnes
916:Russia
913:
898:Turkey
895:
877:
859:
844:Canada
841:
827:tonnes
795:(var.
757:Merrit
553:rachis
485:legume
435:Cicero
378:staple
347:legume
335:lentil
135:Rosids
36:legume
34:, see
5311:12594
5308:PFI:
5296:IRMNG
5257:EUNIS
5249:5BCRM
5149:LECU2
5092:NZPCN
5017:IRMNG
4996:57305
4916:EUNIS
4908:LENCU
4869:6P8RY
4846:39974
4836:70775
4690:Chili
4675:Cumin
4535:Kofta
4530:Kebab
4509:Torly
4429:Eggah
4419:Bamia
4386:Soups
4318:Duqqa
4275:Bataw
4220:Bouza
4191:Sobia
2984:subsp
2980:(and
2940:Wild
2797:, 9%
2757:Water
2650:36 mg
2611:19 mg
2312:7.9 g
2302:1.8 g
2235:, or
1889:spp.
1698:Rust
1595:var.
1063:) in
1045:Syria
926:World
862:India
754:Mason
596:Types
493:order
467:Vicia
445:Fabia
427:genus
398:stews
386:curry
359:seeds
176:Vicia
129:Clade
116:Clade
103:Clade
90:Clade
5319:POWO
5283:IPNI
5270:GBIF
5185:5761
5157:POWO
5110:6964
5097:4696
5074:3864
5069:NCBI
5030:ITIS
5004:IPNI
4978:GRIN
4965:GBIF
4903:EPPO
4882:7209
4856:4662
4750:Arab
4725:Mint
4705:Dill
4639:Bean
4586:Kahk
4377:Rumi
4372:Mish
4049:ISBN
4020:PMID
3947:ISSN
3909:ISSN
3815:PMID
3775:PMID
3740:PMID
3705:PMID
3697:ISSN
3666:2024
3650:PMID
3640:ISBN
3618:2024
3530:OCLC
3520:ISBN
3490:ISBN
3448:ISBN
3424:2020
3399:2022
3377:2024
3352:2015
3294:2024
3268:2017
3240:ISBN
3222:OCLC
3212:ISBN
3170:OCLC
3160:ISBN
3128:2023
3008:and
2998:and
2967:Lens
2961:and
2949:and
2942:Lens
2866:and
2856:zinc
2721:Zinc
2630:Iron
2543:0 IU
2517:0 μg
2218:pork
2206:soup
2165:rice
2154:puri
2152:and
2143:roti
2127:Fiji
1571:sp.
1558:sp.
1476:sp.
1347:sp.
1113:and
1065:Iran
955:and
920:0.3
902:0.4
884:1.0
866:1.3
848:2.3
803:name
518:Lens
489:bean
423:lens
417:Name
394:roti
390:rice
363:pods
355:lens
333:The
247:lens
5345:WFO
5244:CoL
5193:WFO
5056:NBN
4942:FoC
4929:FNA
4890:EoL
4864:CoL
4010:PMC
4000:doi
3939:doi
3901:doi
3873:doi
3843:doi
3767:doi
3732:doi
3689:doi
3685:161
3606:FDA
3580:doi
3321:doi
3053:Dal
2917:of
2803:fat
2726:12%
2713:10%
2687:12%
2674:14%
2661:21%
2635:18%
2622:28%
2595:%DV
2499:45%
2482:10%
2466:13%
2415:14%
2397:%DV
2328:Fat
2233:kik
2216:or
2173:or
2147:dal
2010:by
1651:f.
1271:sp.
1181:In
1155:to
1055:in
1043:in
1035:'s
931:6.7
634:by
487:or
457:).
392:or
382:dal
341:or
5369::
5347::
5334::
5321::
5298::
5285::
5272::
5259::
5246::
5221::
5195::
5172::
5159::
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