207:
31:
90:, published in Hungarian in 1843 and in German in 1844, he proposed not only social reforms but reforms of the state structure of the Empire and its nationality policy. He aimed to replace the centralized empire with a federation of five states: a German state, a state of Bohemia and Moravia, Galicia as a Polish state, the Italian part of Lombardy and Istria, and the state of historical Hungary.
603:"The great origin, language, customs and mentality diversity of different nationalities requires, for the whole Empire of the Habsburgs, a certain state form, which can guarantee that not a single nationality will be threatened, obstructed or offended in its national political life, in its private development, in its national pride, in one word – in its way of feeling and living"
265:
214:
Franz
Ferdinand had planned to redraw the map of Austria-Hungary radically, creating a number of ethnically and linguistically dominated semi-autonomous "states" which would all be part of a larger federation renamed the United States of Greater Austria. Under this plan, language and cultural
215:
identification was encouraged, and the imbalance of power would be corrected. The idea would have encountered heavy opposition from
Hungarian politicians, since a direct result of the reform would have been a significant territorial loss for Hungary.
816:
44:
116:. However, the favouritism shown to the Magyars, the second largest ethnic group in the dual monarchy after the Germans, caused discontent on the part of other ethnic groups like the
261:
According to
Popovici's plans, the following 15 territories were to become states of the federation after the reform. The majority ethnic group within each territory is also listed.
139:(who together accounted for about 44% of the total population), wielded any power or control. The other ethnic groups, which were not involved in the state affairs, included
97:: "True liberty is impossible without federalism". Kossuth proposed to transform the Habsburg Empire into a "Danubian State", a federal republic with autonomous regions.
807:
882:
763:
The plans for imperial reform of the military chancellery of the heir to the throne Franz
Ferdinand in the field of tension between trialism and federalism
1058:
913:
962:
219:
710:
818:
Ideen und
Projekte zur Föderalisierung des Habsburgischen Reiches mit besonderer Berücksichtigung Siebenbürgens 1848–1918 (Inauguraldissertation)
781:
Die
Vereinigten Staaten von Groß-Österreich: Politische Studien zur Lösung der nationalen Fragen und staatrechtlichen Krisen in Österreich-Ungarn
239:
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Ideas and projects for the federalization of the
Habsburg Empire with special consideration of Transylvania 1848–1918 (inaugural dissertation)
786:
The United States of
Greater Austria: Political studies for the solution of national questions and constitutional crises in Austria-Hungary
101:
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896:
888:
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Die Pläne zur
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231:
865:
1053:
622:
349:
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700:
665:
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335:
279:
915:
History of the
Literary Cultures of East-Central Europe: Junctures and disjunctures in the 19th and 20th centuries
1068:
968:
62:
to help resolve widespread ethnic and nationalist tensions. It was conceived by a group of scholars surrounding
34:
Proposed map of the United States of Greater Austria, superimposed on the major ethnic groups of Austria-Hungary
634:
625:, an alternative reform movement to turn the dual Austria-Hungary into a triple Austro-Hungarian-Croatian state
387:
484:(part of present-day Romania, Serbia and Ukraine), mainly ethnic Romanian, with Magyar and German minorities
180:
83:
295:
512:(part of present-day Croatia and Slovenia), mainly ethnic Italian, with Slovenian and Croatian minorities
370:
proper (southern and central part of Bohemia and Moravia in the present-day Czech Republic), ethnic Czech
705:
82:
The first program for the federalisation of the Habsburg Empire was developed by the Hungarian nobleman
321:
695:
299:
770:
527:
434:
238:
were created, and various Austro-Hungarian territories were ceded to neighbouring countries at the
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was that it consisted of about a dozen distinctly different ethnic groups, of which only two, the
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196:
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675:
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206:
972:
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Last Years of Austria-Hungary: A Multi-National Experiment in Early Twentieth-Century Europe
450:
357:
136:
869:
861:
ROMSICS Ignác: A Habsburg Birodalom föderalizálási tervei. In: Európai Utas 2001. IV. sz.
404:: East Galicia (the eastern part of the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria and the adjacent
128:
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105:
59:
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309:
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235:
200:
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598:, and others) and elsewhere were to have autonomy within the respective territory.
583:
473:
586:, the Banat and other parts of Hungary, southern Slovenia, large cities (such as
578:), mainly Serb and Croatian, with Magyar, Romanian, German and Slovak minorities.
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304:
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territory in northwestern Bohemia, present-day Czech Republic), ethnic German
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442:
188:
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833:: Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe-Universität zu Frankfurt am Main. Archived from
591:
523:
519:
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223:
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Proposed map of the United States of Greater Austria, by Popovici, 1906
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The United States of Greater Austria – a step towards European Union?
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In addition, a number of mostly German-speaking enclaves in eastern
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Political Democracy and Ethnic Diversity in Modern European History
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287:
263:
164:
951:
Lessons of the War and the Peace Conference : Oreste Ferrara
108:. The Compromise partially re-established the sovereignty of the
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380:
without Hungarian minority lands in the south, ethnic Slovak
210:
The population of Hungary according to the census of 1880-81
199:, several ethnic minorities faced increased pressures of
127:
In 1900 the greatest problem facing the dual monarchy of
1011:
Seton-Watson, R. W. (1925). "Transylvania since 1867".
191:). Among them, only Croats had limited autonomy in the
631:, an alternative reform suggested by Austrian Marxists
637:, earlier proposal uniting German and Austrian lands
601:
93:Another idea came from Hungarian revolutionary
112:, separate from and no longer subject to the
88:Szózat a magyar és a szláv nemzetiség ügyében
55:) was an unrealised proposal made in 1906 to
8:
429:(present-day Hungary with parts of southern
324:) and small area of current Slovakia around
961:Gerrits, André; Wolffram, Dirk Jan (2005).
863:http://www.hhrf.org/europaiutas/20014/4.htm
494:(part of present-day Italy), ethnic Italian
316:region in western Hungary including Sopron/
942:"Encyclopædia Britannica: Kossuth article"
806:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
912:Pasture, Patrick; Neubauer, John (2006).
226:in 1914, triggering the outbreak of the
205:
29:
27:Proposed federal state in Central Europe
854:
302:regions—the southern part of the later
884:Imagining European Unity since 1000 AD
799:
641:Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1919)
508:(parts of present-day Italy), western
53:Vereinigte Staaten von GroĂź-Ă–sterreich
711:Democratic Peasants' Party (Bukovina)
230:. After the war, Austria-Hungary was
7:
560:), ethnic Croatian, Italian and Serb
102:Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867
64:Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria
25:
1059:Constitutional history of Austria
920:John Benjamins Publishing Company
257:States proposed by Aurel Popovici
104:established the dual monarchy of
661:Count Karl Sigmund von Hohenwart
530:-speaking territory of southern
392:Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria
40:United States of Greater Austria
246:Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye
193:Kingdom of Croatia and Slavonia
691:Richard von Coudenhove-Kalergi
1:
1049:Federalism in Austria-Hungary
815:Teslaru-Born, Alina (2005).
623:Trialism in Austria-Hungary
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998:University of Exeter Press
666:Count Kasimir Felix Badeni
629:National personal autonomy
552:in present-day Serbia and
218:However, the Archduke was
1034:Map of proposed partition
969:Stanford University Press
881:Pasture, Patrick (2015).
769:: Universitätsbibliothek
390:(the western part of the
328:/Pressburg, ethnic German
996:(2nd ed.). Exeter:
778:Popovici, Aurel (1906).
757:Kowalski, Erich (2005).
635:Greater Austria proposal
66:, notably by the ethnic
1064:1906 in Austria-Hungary
992:Cornwall, Mark (2002).
728:Isac, Iulian Nicusor.
605:
445:region in present-day
408:lands, in present-day
376:: roughly present-day
271:
240:Paris Peace Conference
211:
70:lawyer and politician
52:
35:
18:Reform Austria-Hungary
706:Black-Yellow Alliance
570:(part of present-day
522:(roughly present-day
462:(part of present-day
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86:. In his work titled
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744:on 12 September 2011
701:Koruna Česká (party)
412:and Poland), ethnic
320:and Mosonmagyaróvár/
308:—in the present-day
78:Nationality conflict
1013:The Slavonic Review
765:] (in German).
441:, and the northern
1054:Proposed countries
868:2015-09-24 at the
840:on 31 January 2012
276:Deutsch-Ă–sterreich
272:
212:
197:Kingdom of Hungary
110:Kingdom of Hungary
36:
831:Frankfurt am Main
716:Ethnic federalism
696:Wolfgang SchĂĽssel
646:Treaty of Trianon
534:), ethnic Slovene
312:, as well as the
250:Treaty of Trianon
84:Wesselényi Miklós
16:(Redirected from
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771:Universität Wien
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737:. Archived from
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466:), ethnic Magyar
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358:Austrian Silesia
234:and several new
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681:Milan HodĹľa
354:Sudetenland
340:Sudetenland
305:Sudetenland
292:South Tyrol
1043:Categories
722:References
558:Montenegro
456:Seklerland
449:), ethnic
326:Bratislava
322:Wieselburg
314:Burgenland
232:dismantled
177:Ukrainians
161:Ruthenians
137:Hungarians
57:federalize
802:cite book
568:Vojvodina
564:Woiwodina
532:Carinthia
526:with the
443:Vojvodina
418:Ukrainian
286:with the
195:. In the
189:Romanians
183:peoples (
122:Romanians
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889:Springer
866:Archived
617:See also
592:Budapest
538:Kroatien
524:Slovenia
520:Carniola
492:Trentino
482:Bukovina
437:- today
431:Slovakia
406:Bukovina
378:Slovakia
318:Ă–denburg
224:Sarajevo
185:Italians
173:Slovenes
145:Bosniaks
68:Romanian
794:Leipzig
576:Croatia
546:Croatia
542:Croatia
528:Slovene
506:Gorizia
502:Trieste
464:Romania
439:Ukraine
427:Hungary
410:Ukraine
388:Galicia
386:: West
368:Bohemia
288:Italian
284:Austria
181:Romance
169:Slovaks
133:Germans
118:Slovaks
975:
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788:]
767:Vienna
611:(1906)
588:Prague
572:Serbia
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510:Istria
498:Triest
488:Trient
451:Magyar
447:Serbia
423:Ungarn
396:Poland
364:Böhmen
294:, the
179:) and
153:Czechs
149:Croats
141:Slavic
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838:(PDF)
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516:Krain
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157:Poles
973:ISBN
924:ISBN
893:ISBN
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808:link
750:2009
596:Lviv
574:and
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