383:, with the assistance of over 135 local Jordanian organizations to help rural families find affordable and clean water. The program is called the Community-Based Initiative for Water Demand Management. The system pipes water down to ground level where a storage container allows each family to collect and save water for themselves. Mercy Corps has taken action in the Za’atari camp drilling two wells to build a pump station, as well as a chlorination system, to supply clean water to a large number of refugees there. Mercy Corps also plans to work with the new Al-Azraq camp in “constructing a new water supply system.” In the Jordanian communities of Mafraq and Ramtha, Mercy Corps is working to repair municipal water systems to fix leaks that will potentially increase water availability up to 25 percent. Aid organizations’ humanitarian efforts have become focused on sustaining the long-term survival and cohesion of Syrian refugees and Jordanians, as explained by Dr. Ibrahim Sayf, Jordan's minister of planning and international cooperation. Due to Jordan's lack of water resources, these humanitarian efforts are designed to alleviate the burden of water scarcity exacerbated by the increased population in the wake of the Syrian revolution.
282:. As a small, aid-dependent country, already suffering from financial and environmental issues, the number of Syrians seeking refuge in Jordan has strained the country's resources especially water and agriculture. Jordan is one of the top ten driest countries in the world which endangers its citizens' livelihoods. The huge number of refugees has resulted in humanitarian aid organizations requesting more money and assistance from international powers. As of November 2015, UNHCR reported that there are 4,289,994 Syrian "persons of concern" of whom 630,776 are registered as refugees in Jordan. There are about 1.8 million Syrian refugees in Jordan, only 20 percent are living in the Za’atari, Marjeeb al-Fahood, Cyber City and Al-Azraq refugee camps. With the majority of the Syrian refugees interspersed throughout the state, especially in
355:
must be extracted from “aquifers that are slowly being depleted.” Water is one resource without the capacity for foreign support, forcing
Jordanians to make do with their own resources. Jordan, as a nation, depends largely on foreign aid and its scarce water resources are not renewable. The extraction of groundwater has sustained the population in recent decades but, with the influx of Syrian refugees, the supply of groundwater is declining. One can purchase expensive water sold by the truckload by local businessmen, but most cannot afford this luxury. Humanitarian aid organizations like
392:
child marriage, sexual assault, female genital mutilation, and honor crimes. GBV typically stems from unequal power dynamics between the perpetrator and the subject of the violence, in this case rooted gender inequity. Research shows that refugee populations are at a higher susceptibility of experiencing GBV, due to risk factors such as armed conflict and proximity to armed actors, displacement, deteriorating socioeconomic and environmental conditions, and a lack of security on settlement premises.
408:
experiencing sexual violence, while 12.1% of respondents felt they would treat a health clinic as a first choice after experiencing psychological violence. Resources for GBV survivors include, but are not limited to, Salma (Life is
Possible Without Violence), Aisha (Arab Woman Forum), the Arab Women Organization, the Sisterhood is Global Institute, and various other governmental and non-governmental services managed by the Jordan Hashemite Charity Organization for Relief and Development (JHCO).
302:
resources, jobs, and water over an extended period of time, these Syrian refugees might soon come into conflict with
Jordanian residents. The "true" cost of hosting the refugees includes electricity and water subsidies costing the Jordanian government around $ 3,000 per year, per Syrian, as well as half of the Health Ministry's budget for medical care or $ 350 million. Roughly 160,000 jobs have been given to illegal Syrian workers while 20 percent of Jordan's citizens remain unemployed.
404:
female respondents of one study were married before the age of 18. A little more than 12% of girls under 17 facing “some” or “a lot” of physical violence. We must acknowledge that these statistics are lower than the real numbers. One study showed that 30% of respondents refused to respond to or claimed not to have knowledge that physical or emotional violence might take place, while 60% said the same for sexual violence.
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aid. Jordan says it hosts more than 1 million
Syrians in total, but the numbers are starting to fall. The UN's World Food Programme, which feeds more than half a million refugees in Jordan, says the number of aid recipients fell by about 2,000 in September and 3,000 in October. In a random survey of refugees in October 2015 by the UNHCR, 25 per cent said they were actively planning to leave Jordan.
45:
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poverty. There is inequitable access and distribution of basic needs and services, as well as unequal access to educational opportunities or employment. As for GBV, it is an interesting and important case study for the intersection of displacement, trauma, and semi-permanent settlement in poor urban zones.
324:
In another development, in late 2015, aid officials and refugees themselves said that
Syrians, sensing that the war in their homeland will not end in the near future, are leaving Jordan for Europe in growing numbers encouraged friends and relatives who are already there, pushed out by cuts in UN food
317:
Overall, Jordan has taken in more than 630,000 registered
Syrians since the crisis began in 2011, and Jordanian government estimates place the total refugee count including unregistered migrants at over 1.4 million. The United States has provided nearly $ 668 million in support, promising $ 3 billion
249:
As a small, aid-dependent country already suffering from financial and environmental issues, the number of
Syrians seeking refuge in Jordan has created a strain on the country's resources, especially water and agriculture. As one of the top ten driest countries in the world, Jordanians' livelihood is
395:
Syrian refugee populations are unlike any other refugee population, because 93.7% of refugees reside in urban areas and not refugee camps. It is important to note that stability, opportunity, and access are not necessarily guaranteed in an urban setting. In fact, over 60% of Syrian refugees live in
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and Mafraq. As a result of “rapid population growth,” the quantity of drinkable water available on average to the
Jordanian population is less than 150 cubic meters per year. The renewable water supply, provided by rainfall, only creates 50 percent “of the total water consumption” so the remainder
407:
One study showed that 83% of refugees reported that they had no knowledge of services available to GBV survivors and almost 15% of respondents believed that girls could not access health services. Only 3.9% of respondents felt that they would go to a health clinic for help as a first choice after
403:
Inside refugee camps, girls aged 12 to 18 years are typically the targets of domestic and sexual violence. Many stated that they experienced more SGBV since their displacement. Among Syrian refugees, rates of child marriages increased 14% from 2012 to the first quarter of 2014. More than half the
399:
Jordan hosts millions of refugees from Syria, Iraq, Yemen, Lebanon, Palestine, Somalia, and Sudan. The majority of refugees do not live in refugee settlements, rather they live in the host community and are mostly concentrated in Amman. Women and girls make up more than half of the Syrian refugee
391:
Gender-based violence (GBV) is a term that includes violence that is sexual, physical, mental, or economic in nature.1 This violence can be inflicted in public or in private and can also include coercion, manipulation, and threats of violence. Examples of GBV are intimate partner violence (IPV),
301:
As
Syrians continue to flow into Jordan, tensions continue to rise and create pressure on its society. Tensions between Jordanian hosts and Syrian refugees are most prevalent in the cities and surrounding areas outside of refugee camps, where the majority have been relocated. In absorbing space,
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There has been an “ongoing drought devastating agricultural prospects in the country’s northern areas for almost ten years,” making Jordan one of the driest countries in the world. The strain on water resources has been exacerbated by the huge “influx” of Syrian refugees to the
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population, with evidence shows that young Syrian refugee women experience GBV at the hands of their husbands and family members, Jordanian men, and even aid workers. Locations where GBV take place include the home, at work, at school and in public areas.
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infections in a Syrian refugee encampment in the country. Following the positive tests, the two refugees were transferred from the camp to an isolation site. As of
September 2020, Jordan has reported around 2,500 coronavirus cases and 17 deaths.
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has also funded water conservation efforts in Za’atari village, subsidizing cisterns to store rainwater for individual families. These groundwater harvesting systems are part of an initiative begun in 2006 by Mercy Corps, the
298:, environmental resources are scarce for both Syrians and their Jordanian hosts. This increases pressure on Jordan's infrastructure, specifically the provision of water supplies, sanitation facilities, housing, and energy.
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United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. (n.d.). Displaced and stateless women and girls at heightened risk of gender-based violence in the coronavirus pandemic. Retrieved November 20, 2020, from
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had fewer than 23,000 refugees as of August 2015 though its capacity is 50,000. The UN plans call for Azraq to hold more than 100,000 Syrians, making it the largest refugee camp in Jordan. The nearby
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Jordan is stepping up its scrutiny of incoming refugees having determined that many people waiting on the Syrian-Jordanian border are not Syrians and could, in fact, be tied to foreign fighter groups.
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Sexual and Gender Based Violence Sub Working Group Jordan Terms of Reference (Updated August 2020) - Jordan. (2020, September 1). Retrieved November 20, 2020, from
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Gender-Based Violence Research, Monitoring, and Evaluation with Refugee and Conflict-Affected Populations. GW Global Women's Institute; 2017 Sep. Available from:
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World Health Organization. (2018, November 26). Displaced or refugee women are at increased risk of violence. What can WHO do? Retrieved November 20, 2020, from
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https://www.unhcr.org/en-us/news/press/2020/4/5e998aca4/displaced-stateless-women-girls-heightened-risk-gender-based-violence-coronavirus.html
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in combination with Mercy Corps has created a project that will cost $ 20 million and will find a way to revive Jordanian water systems.
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have made efforts to uncover more water in the Za’atari camp by digging wells, but this will only provide temporary, small-scale relief.
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https://reliefweb.int/report/jordan/sexual-and-gender-based-violence-sub-working-group-jordan-terms-reference-updated
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https://globalwomensinstitute.gwu.edu/sites/g/files/zaxdzs1356/f/downloads/Manual%20and%20Toolkit%20-%20Website.pdf
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United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. (n.d.). Gender-based Violence. Retrieved November 20, 2020, from
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United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. (n.d.). Gender-based Violence. Retrieved November 20, 2020, from
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Syria Refugee Crisis Explained . How to Help Refugees - Aid, Relief and Donations. 2020 . Available from:
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Syria Refugee Crisis Explained . How to Help Refugees - Aid, Relief and Donations. 2020 . Available from:
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270:, beginning in 2011, close to 2,000 Syrians per day began pouring into Jordan to reside in the first
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1229:
https://www.peacewomen.org/sites/default/files/AWO%20Research%20on%20Syrian%20Refugees-English.pdf
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https://www.peacewomen.org/sites/default/files/AWO%20Research%20on%20Syrian%20Refugees-English.pdf
1205:
https://www.peacewomen.org/sites/default/files/AWO%20Research%20on%20Syrian%20Refugees-English.pdf
1184:
https://www.peacewomen.org/sites/default/files/AWO%20Research%20on%20Syrian%20Refugees-English.pdf
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https://www.peacewomen.org/sites/default/files/AWO%20Research%20on%20Syrian%20Refugees-English.pdf
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1068:
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UNICEF. Shattered Lives: Challenges and priorities for Syrian children and women in Jordan. 2013.
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UNICEF. Shattered Lives: Challenges and priorities for Syrian children and women in Jordan. 2013.
1155:
UNICEF. Shattered Lives: Challenges and priorities for Syrian children and women in Jordan. 2013.
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UNHCR. Syrian Refugees Living Outside of Camps in Jordan: Home Visit Data Findings, 2013. 2013.
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UNHCR, United Nations Revised Syria Regional Response Plan, June 2012, available at:
909:"Water from a Stone: Jordanians Stretch Meager Resources to Sustain Syrian Refugees"
752:"Water from a Stone: Jordanians Stretch Meager Resources to Sustain Syrian Refugees"
569:
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already at risk, and the influx of new residents has only exacerbated the issue of
934:
53:
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https://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/displaced-refugee-women-violence-risk/en/
983:"Syrian crisis likely to drag on; aid needed to host refugees - Jordan minister"
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over the next three years in general aid to support the Jordanian government.
644:"Inside a refugee camp in Jordan three years after the Syrian uprising began"
18:"Refugees in Jordan" redirects here. For Palestinian refugees in Jordan, see
351:
291:
670:"Jordanian authorities express concern about Syrian refugee child workers"
592:"Syrian Refugees A snapshot of the crisis – in the middle east and europe"
721:"Syrian refugees reportedly costing Jordan 2.1bn dollars-state minister"
1100:
Achilli L. Syrian refugees in Jordan: a reality check. 2015 9290842369.
728:
595:
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52:
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on
778:"In Jordan, tensions rise between Syrian refugees and host community"
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824:"First COVID-19 cases confirmed in Jordan camp for Syrian refugees"
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https://www.unrefugees.org/news/syria-refugee-crisis-explained/
1069:
https://www.unrefugees.org/news/syria-refugee-crisis-explained/
878:"New refugee camp in Jordan ready to host more Syrian refugees"
488:"New refugee camp in Jordan ready to host more Syrian refugees"
387:
Sexual and Gender-Based Violence Among Refugee Women and Girls
38:
1091:
Department of Statistics . 2015 National Census Report. 2016.
544:"Syria conflict: UN says refugee crisis in Jordan 'critical'"
802:"Syrian refugees leave Jordan in greater numbers for Europe"
982:
669:
852:"Will Syria's Refugee Crisis Drain Jordan of Its Water?"
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had about 80,000 refugees, according to the UN agency.
1227:
PeaceWomen. (n.d.). Retrieved November 20, 2020, from
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PeaceWomen. (n.d.). Retrieved November 20, 2020, from
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PeaceWomen. (n.d.). Retrieved November 20, 2020, from
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PeaceWomen. (n.d.). Retrieved November 20, 2020, from
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PeaceWomen. (n.d.). Retrieved November 20, 2020, from
960:"Helping meet the needs of Syrian Refugees in Jordan"
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According to the UN high commissioner's figures, the
242:. Close to 13,000 Syrians per day began pouring into
459:"Jordan jitters over swelling Syrian refugee influx"
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1533:
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522:"U.S. and Jordan in a Dispute Over Syrian Refugees"
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1020:https://www.unhcr.org/gender-based-violence.html
1008:https://www.unhcr.org/gender-based-violence.html
238:against the Syrian government and its President
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695:"New Syrian Refugee Camp to Open in Jordan"
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262:In the wake of the uprising against the
1173:A study on Early Marriage, UNICEF 2014.
935:"Jordan: Background and U.S. Relations"
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368:US Agency for International Development
981:Al-Du'ma, Muhammad (6 November 2013).
421:List of Syrian refugee camps in Jordan
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24:Demographics of Jordan § Refugees
7:
22:. For other refugees in Jordan, see
1120:http://www.unhcr.org/4fec681e9.html
1680:Syrian diaspora in the Middle East
804:. Financial Times. 8 November 2015
350:, located in the border cities of
14:
618:"Syria Regional Refugee Response"
570:"Syria Regional Refugee Response"
1660:Refugees of the Syrian civil war
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1619:
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940:. Congressional Research Service
907:Sullivan, Kathy (7 April 2013).
642:Tisdall, Simon (11 March 2014).
426:Refugees of the Syrian Civil War
246:to reside in its refugee camps.
43:
876:Oddone, Elisa (26 March 2014).
668:Al-Amir, Majid (2 April 2014).
524:. Bloomberg LP. October 6, 2015
1586:British Indian Ocean Territory
776:Luck, Taylor (21 April 2013).
1:
750:Sullivan, Kathy (July 2013).
727:. 12 May 2013. Archived from
266:government and its President
850:Baker, Aryn (7 April 2014).
594:. Liberation. Archived from
486:Oddone, Elisa (2014-03-26).
195:Prosecution of war criminals
151:Internally displaced Syrians
1655:Foreign relations of Jordan
457:Black, Ian (31 July 2012).
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258:Syrian Civil War refugees
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1335:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
381:Royal Scientific Society
332:announced the first two
1596:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
1122:(accessed 28 May 2013).
377:Jordan River Foundation
328:In September 2020, the
79:Internally displaced 6
20:Palestinians in Jordan
158:Casualties of the war
1510:United Arab Emirates
830:. September 8, 2020.
431:Syrian refugee camps
348:Zaatari refugee camp
312:Zaatari refugee camp
1537:limited recognition
782:The Washington Post
191:Refugees as weapons
120:,
34:
307:Azraq refugee camp
232:Refugees in Jordan
187:Return of refugees
71:Pre-war population
30:Human toll of the
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1579:other territories
987:Al-Sharq al-Awsat
933:Sharp, Jeremy M.
699:Qatar News Agency
674:Al-Sharq al-Awsat
550:. 24 January 2013
278:, created by the
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93:Fatalities 0.5
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962:. Mercy Corps
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731:on 2014-05-27
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598:on 2015-11-09
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86:Refugees 5.5
72:
68:
59:
58:MediaWiki.org
55:
50:
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33:
25:
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16:
1575:Dependencies
1505:Turkmenistan
1470:Saudi Arabia
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990:. Retrieved
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964:. Retrieved
954:
942:. Retrieved
928:
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859:. Retrieved
855:
827:
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806:. Retrieved
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785:. Retrieved
781:
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759:. Retrieved
755:
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733:. Retrieved
729:the original
724:
715:
703:. Retrieved
698:
689:
677:. Retrieved
673:
663:
651:. Retrieved
648:The Guardian
647:
622:. Retrieved
612:
600:. Retrieved
596:the original
586:
574:. Retrieved
564:
552:. Retrieved
547:
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526:. Retrieved
495:. Retrieved
491:
466:. Retrieved
463:The Guardian
462:
410:
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327:
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300:
272:refugee camp
261:
248:
231:
230:
121:
15:
1634:Asia portal
1535:States with
1455:Philippines
1395:South Korea
1390:North Korea
1285:Afghanistan
808:11 November
624:11 November
602:11 November
576:11 November
528:11 November
361:Mercy Corps
334:coronavirus
132:Settlements
54:Phabricator
1649:Categories
1515:Uzbekistan
1490:Tajikistan
1405:Kyrgyzstan
1385:Kazakhstan
1305:Bangladesh
1295:Azerbaijan
828:Al Jazeera
787:2014-04-25
437:References
379:, and the
168:War crimes
110:By country
97:(millions)
1601:Hong Kong
1555:Palestine
1480:Sri Lanka
1475:Singapore
1355:Indonesia
882:Al Bawaba
725:Petra-JNA
492:Al Bawaba
352:Ar-Ramtha
292:Al-Mafraq
172:massacres
1624:Category
1545:Abkhazia
1495:Thailand
1450:Pakistan
1430:Mongolia
1425:Maldives
1420:Malaysia
1320:Cambodia
944:28 April
548:BBC News
415:See also
236:uprising
1520:Vietnam
1435:Myanmar
1415:Lebanon
1345:Georgia
1300:Bahrain
1290:Armenia
992:7 April
966:7 April
918:7 April
887:7 April
861:7 April
761:7 April
735:7 April
705:7 April
679:7 April
653:7 April
620:. UNHCR
572:. UNHCR
554:7 April
497:7 April
468:7 April
118:Lebanon
56:and on
1565:Taiwan
1500:Turkey
1465:Russia
1400:Kuwait
1380:Jordan
1370:Israel
1330:Cyprus
1315:Brunei
1310:Bhutan
296:Jerash
294:, and
276:Mafraq
264:Syrian
244:Jordan
164:Crimes
140:Jordan
126:Turkey
122:Jordan
1606:Macau
1525:Yemen
1485:Syria
1460:Qatar
1440:Nepal
1375:Japan
1350:India
1340:Egypt
1325:China
938:(PDF)
372:USAID
357:Oxfam
288:Irbid
284:Amman
280:UNHCR
274:near
136:Camps
114:Egypt
1445:Oman
1410:Laos
1365:Iraq
1360:Iran
994:2014
968:2014
946:2014
920:2014
889:2014
863:2014
856:TIME
810:2015
763:2014
737:2014
707:2014
681:2014
655:2014
626:2015
604:2015
578:2015
556:2014
530:2015
499:2014
470:2014
366:The
359:and
176:rape
1577:and
95:±.1
88:±.5
81:±.5
75:±.5
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