50:
439:
the new ones. Antigenic variation is common among pathogenic organisms. These include the agents of malaria, gonorrhea, and sleeping sickness. Important questions about antigenic variation are also relevant for such research areas as developing a vaccine against HIV and predicting the next influenza pandemic.
438:
called variable major proteins, have only 30–70% of their amino acid sequences in common, which is sufficient to create a new antigenic "identity" for the organism. Antibodies in the blood that are binding to and clearing spirochetes expressing the old proteins do not recognize spirochetes expressing
648:
Hoornstra, Dieuwertje; Azagi, Tal; van Eck, Jacqueline A; Wagemakers, Alex; Koetsveld, Joris; Spijker, René; Platonov, Alexander E; Sprong, Hein; Hovius, Joppe W (October 2022). "Prevalence and clinical manifestation of
Borrelia miyamotoi in Ixodes ticks and humans in the northern hemisphere: a
1312:
447:
Relapsing fever has been described since the days of the ancient Greeks. After an outbreak in
Edinburgh in the 1840s, relapsing fever was given its name, but the etiology of the disease was not better understood for a decade. Physician
204:
organisms that then multiply in the gut of the louse. When an infected louse feeds on an uninfected human, the organism gains access when the victim crushes the louse or scratches the area where the louse is feeding.
429:
Currently, no vaccine against relapsing fever is available, but research continues. Developing a vaccine is very difficult because the spirochetes avoid the immune response of the infected person (or animal) through
1377:
371:. Other spirochete illnesses (Lyme disease, syphilis, leptospirosis) do not show spirochetes on blood smear. Although considered the gold standard, this method lacks sensitivity and has been replaced by
1814:
460:. In 1873, Otto Obermeier first described the disease-causing ability and mechanisms of spirochetes, but was unable to reproduce the disease in inoculated test subjects and thereby unable to fulfill
464:. The disease was not successfully produced in an inoculated subject until 1874. In 1904 and 1905, a series of papers outlined the cause of relapsing fever and its relationship with ticks. Both
217:
Tick-borne relapsing fever is found primarily in Africa, Spain, Saudi Arabia, Asia, and certain areas of Canada and the western United States. Other relapsing infections are acquired from other
509:, which struck early Medieval Britain and Ireland, and of epidemics which struck modern Ireland in the famine. This is consistent with the description of the symptoms experienced by King
1370:
1363:
1807:
709:
1047:
Dutton JE, Todd JL (1905). "The nature of human tick-fever in the eastern part of the Congo Free State with notes on the distribution and bionomics of the tick".
122:. A rash may also occur. These symptoms usually continue for 2 to 9 days, then disappear. This cycle may continue for several weeks if the person is not treated.
1800:
1398:
1138:
2029:
43:
498:, which causes relapsing fever as well. The first time relapsing fever was described in North America was in 1915 in Jefferson County, Colorado.
334:, which is also the most common cause of relapsing disease in the United States. (Three or four relapses are common with the disease caused by
2083:
1160:
693:
1999:
1211:
Bonser, Wilfrid; MacArthur, Wm (1944). "Epidemics during the Anglo-Saxon period, with appendix: Famine fevers in
England and Ireland".
598:"Vector interactions and molecular adaptations of Lyme disease and relapsing fever spirochetes associated with transmission by ticks"
1874:
394:
1870:
1066:
Wellman FC (1905). "Case of relapsing fever, with remarks on its occurrence in the tropics and its relation to "tick fever"".
2009:
1878:
110:
Most people who are infected develop sickness between 5 and 15 days after they are bitten. The symptoms may include a sudden
1934:
434:. Essentially, the pathogen stays one step ahead of antibodies by changing its surface proteins. These surface proteins,
2319:
1913:
1771:
1446:
2304:
1944:
1893:
418:
2309:
1355:
77:
476:. Dutton died there on February 27, 1905. The cause of tick-borne relapsing fever across central Africa was named
1762:
1743:
1709:
487:
372:
209:
infects the person via mucous membranes and then invades the bloodstream. No non-human, animal reservoir exists.
159:
2278:
1903:
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1327:
2039:
2014:
1755:
2324:
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2019:
1748:
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Sir
William MacArthur suggested that relapsing fever was the cause of the yellow plague, variously called
268:
258:
2167:
2145:
2024:
1723:
1654:
569:
Schwan T (1996). "Ticks and
Borrelia: model systems for investigating pathogen-arthropod interactions".
465:
297:
137:
63:
359:, which is transmitted by Ixodes ticks, was reported as a cause of tick-borne relapsing fever in 2011.
185:
Mortality rate is 1% with treatment and 30–70% without treatment. Poor prognostic signs include severe
330:
cause very similar diseases. However, one or two relapses are common with the disease associated with
2260:
2246:
2138:
2131:
2034:
2004:
1702:
1695:
1645:
1525:
1493:
461:
282:
149:
387:, and most people improve within 24 hours. Complications and death due to relapsing fever are rare.
2253:
2049:
1994:
1839:
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1386:
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230:
143:
49:
1823:
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is credited with the first account in 1857 of a malady associated with the bite of soft ticks in
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contracted relapsing fever by performing autopsies while working in the eastern region of the
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38:
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The diagnosis of relapsing fever can be made on blood smear as evidenced by the presence of
304:
290:
276:
252:
221:
species, which can be spread from rodents, and serve as a reservoir for the infection, by a
969:
Livingstone D (1857) Missionary travels and researches in South Africa. London: John Murray
17:
1976:
1780:
1464:
1416:
550:
510:
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829:
286:, is responsible for the relapsing fever found in central, eastern, and southern Africa.
2217:
2073:
1908:
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1394:
1264:
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163:) is a vector. Louse-borne relapsing fever is more severe than the tick-borne variety.
724:
662:
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1989:
1954:
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1984:
1939:
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1224:
1115:
530:
435:
390:
90:
857:"Laboratory Diagnosis of Tick-Borne African Relapsing Fevers: Latest Developments"
1332:
1176:
Davis, Gordon E. (1940-01-01). "Ticks and
Relapsing Fever in the United States".
2157:
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1962:
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115:
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1155:(3rd ed.). London: Academic press, an imprint of Elsevier. p. 2.
1033:
948:
892:
814:
796:
758:
740:
670:
631:
613:
1137:
Kelly RT (1984) "Genus IV. Borrelia
Swellengrebel 1907" in Krieg NR (ed.)
582:
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243:
1304:
2186:
1316:
535:
453:
119:
99:
1189:
393:-class antibiotics are most effective. These can, however, induce a
383:
Relapsing fever is easily treated with a one- to two-week-course of
339:
263:
235:
189:, severe change in mental status, severe bleeding and a prolonged
179:
111:
81:
517:
and with the "great mortality in
Britain" in 548 CE noted in the
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1481:
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1406:
1298:
170:amid poor living conditions, famine and war in the
37:
32:
1213:Journal of the British Archaeological Association
1530:
915:"Relapsing fever – a forgotten disease revealed"
66:-borne disease caused by infection with certain
1554:
1151:Mullen, Gary Richard; Durden, Lance A. (2019).
781:"Possibilities for relapsing fever reemergence"
503:pestis flava, pestis ictericia, buidhe chonaill
397:in over half those treated, producing anxiety,
513:of Gwynedd as recorded in words attributed to
342:intervals and a longer incubation period than
280:, transmitted by the soft-bodied African tick
200:Lice that feed on infected humans acquire the
1808:
1371:
979:Cook AR (1904). "Relapsing fever in Uganda".
688:(4th ed.). McGraw Hill. pp. 432–4.
421:may be partly responsible for this reaction.
8:
908:
906:
904:
902:
708:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2030:Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome
643:
641:
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1815:
1801:
1793:
1618:
1574:
1421:
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1139:Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology
48:
29:
1263:
1114:
1023:
930:
882:
872:
804:
748:
621:
725:"Human Pathogens in Body and Head Lice"
561:
153:is one of three pathogens of which the
1240:"Famine fevers in England and Ireland"
830:"New Tick-Borne Disease Is Discovered"
701:
649:systematic review and meta-analysis".
166:Louse-borne relapsing fever occurs in
2084:Southern tick-associated rash illness
596:Schwan T, Piesman J; Piesman (2002).
7:
828:McNeil, Donald (19 September 2011).
1141:. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins
855:Fotso Fotso A, Drancourt M (2015).
76:, which is transmitted through the
1085:Novy, F. G.; Knapp, R. E. (1906).
998:Ross, P. H.; Milne, A. D. (1904).
25:
1153:Medical and veterinary entomology
723:Fournier, Pierre-Edouard (2002).
932:10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04598.x
2000:Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever
919:Journal of Applied Microbiology
350:Hard tick-borne relapsing fever
213:Soft tick-borne relapsing fever
174:. It is currently prevalent in
2010:Kemerovo tickborne viral fever
1225:10.1080/00681288.1944.11894687
1095:Journal of Infectious Diseases
1:
1049:Liverpool School Trop Med Mem
663:10.1016/S2666-5247(22)00157-4
118:, muscle or joint aches, and
1914:Rocky Mountain spotted fever
1772:Streptobacillus moniliformis
1244:Postgraduate Medical Journal
729:Emerging Infectious Diseases
686:Sherris Medical Microbiology
417:. Recent studies have shown
1945:Relapsing fever borreliosis
1894:Spotted fever rickettsiosis
1531:Louse borne relapsing fever
913:Cutler, S.J. (April 2010).
419:tumor necrosis factor-alpha
395:Jarisch–Herxheimer reaction
131:Louse-borne relapsing fever
18:Relapsing fever borreliosis
2341:
1555:Tick borne relapsing fever
861:Frontiers in Public Health
480:. In 1984, it was renamed
1935:Baggio–Yoshinari syndrome
1763:Fusobacterium polymorphum
1744:Fusobacterium necrophorum
1710:Capnocytophaga canimorsus
488:Frederick Percival Mackie
160:Pediculus humanus humanus
2279:Rhipicephalus sanguineus
1904:American tick bite fever
1899:Pacific Coast tick fever
1717:Porphyromonas gingivalis
1666:Lymphogranuloma venereum
874:10.3389/fpubh.2015.00254
684:Ryan KJ; Ray CG (2004).
2040:Tick-borne encephalitis
2015:Kyasanur Forest disease
1756:Fusobacterium nucleatum
1256:10.1136/pgmj.23.260.283
1116:2027/hvd.32044106407547
1016:10.1136/bmj.2.2291.1453
1004:British Medical Journal
2175:Dermacentor variabilis
2020:Omsk hemorrhagic fever
1590:Leptospira interrogans
1107:10.1093/infdis/3.3.291
1091:and related organisms"
797:10.3201/eid1203.050899
741:10.3201/eid0812.020111
614:10.3201/eid0802.010198
2168:Dermacentor andersoni
2146:Amblyomma triguttatum
2025:Powassan encephalitis
1724:Prevotella intermedia
1655:Chlamydia trachomatis
1238:MacArthur, W (1947).
1178:Public Health Reports
466:Joseph Everett Dutton
138:Rickettsia prowazekii
2261:Ornithodoros moubata
2247:Ornithodoros gurneyi
2139:Amblyomma cajennense
2132:Amblyomma americanum
2050:Protozoan infections
2035:Tete orthobunyavirus
2005:Heartland bandavirus
1875:Human monocytotropic
1840:Bacterial infections
1703:Tannerella forsythia
1696:Bacteroides fragilis
1646:Chlamydia pneumoniae
1526:Borrelia recurrentis
1494:Borrelia burgdorferi
1290:CDC: Relapsing Fever
1089:Spirillum obermeieri
496:Borrelia recurrentis
413:followed rapidly by
340:febrile and afebrile
283:Ornithodoros moubata
150:Borrelia recurrentis
2320:Tick-borne diseases
2254:Ornithodoros hermsi
1995:Colorado tick fever
1824:Tick-borne diseases
1749:Lemierre's syndrome
1472:Treponema denticola
432:antigenic variation
338:, which has longer
269:Crocidura stampflii
259:Ornithodoros sonrai
231:Borrelia crocidurae
144:Bartonella quintana
44:Infectious diseases
2305:Bacterial diseases
1871:Human granulocytic
1634:Chlamydia psittaci
1460:Treponema carateum
1437:Treponema pallidum
1387:Bacterial diseases
834:The New York Times
651:The Lancet Microbe
546:Intermittent fever
470:John Lancelot Todd
375:in many settings.
356:Borrelia miyamotoi
312:Borrelia turicatae
298:Borrelia hispanica
106:Signs and symptoms
2310:Tropical diseases
2292:
2291:
2288:
2287:
2225:Ixodes scapularis
2204:Ixodes holocyclus
2113:Species and bites
2092:
2091:
2079:Alpha-gal allergy
1971:
1970:
1862:Boutonneuse fever
1790:
1789:
1681:
1680:
1608:
1607:
1604:
1603:
1564:
1563:
1353:
1352:
1184:(51): 2347–2351.
1162:978-0-12-814043-7
779:Cutler S (2006).
695:978-0-8385-8529-0
657:(10): e772–e786.
571:Infect Agents Dis
478:Spirillum duttoni
462:Koch's postulates
450:David Livingstone
96:hard-bodied ticks
86:soft-bodied ticks
57:
56:
27:Medical condition
16:(Redirected from
2332:
2211:Ixodes pacificus
2197:Ixodes cornuatus
2117:
2104:Tick infestation
1977:Viral infections
1845:
1836:
1826:and infestations
1817:
1810:
1803:
1794:
1619:
1575:
1550:Borrelia parkeri
1544:Borrelia duttoni
1538:Borrelia hermsii
1516:Neuroborreliosis
1511:Erythema migrans
1500:Borrelia afzelii
1422:
1413:
1380:
1373:
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1357:
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1278:
1277:
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1118:
1082:
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1075:
1063:
1057:
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1044:
1038:
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1027:
1010:(2291): 1453–4.
995:
989:
988:
976:
970:
967:
961:
960:
934:
925:(4): 1115–1122.
910:
897:
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846:
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841:
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819:
818:
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785:Emerg Infect Dis
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681:
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674:
645:
636:
635:
625:
602:Emerg Infect Dis
593:
587:
586:
566:
541:Continuous fever
519:Annales Cambriae
492:human body louse
490:discovered that
483:Borrelia duttoni
474:Congo Free State
411:pressor response
409:with an initial
318:Borrelia persica
305:Borrelia parkeri
291:Borrelia hermsii
277:Borrelia duttoni
262:; animal host –
253:Carios erraticus
172:developing world
53:
52:
30:
21:
2340:
2339:
2335:
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2333:
2331:
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2295:
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2180:
2151:
2108:
2088:
2062:
2044:
1967:
1949:
1921:
1827:
1821:
1791:
1786:
1781:Haverhill fever
1729:
1677:
1600:
1560:
1477:
1417:Spirochaetaceae
1402:
1384:
1354:
1349:
1348:
1307:
1286:
1281:
1237:
1236:
1232:
1210:
1209:
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1190:10.2307/4583554
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1136:
1132:
1084:
1083:
1079:
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992:
978:
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683:
682:
678:
647:
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639:
595:
594:
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568:
567:
563:
559:
551:Remittent fever
527:
445:
427:
381:
365:
352:
215:
133:
128:
108:
60:Relapsing fever
47:
33:Relapsing fever
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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2265:
2264:
2257:
2250:
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2240:
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2229:
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2221:
2218:Ixodes ricinus
2214:
2207:
2200:
2192:
2190:
2182:
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2179:
2178:
2171:
2163:
2161:
2153:
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2110:
2109:
2107:
2106:
2100:
2098:
2094:
2093:
2090:
2089:
2087:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2074:Tick paralysis
2070:
2068:
2067:Other diseases
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2060:
2054:
2052:
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2042:
2037:
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2027:
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2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
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1981:
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1937:
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1911:
1909:rickettsialpox
1906:
1901:
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1828:
1822:
1820:
1819:
1812:
1805:
1797:
1788:
1787:
1785:
1784:
1777:Rat-bite fever
1767:
1766:
1759:
1752:
1739:
1737:
1735:Fusobacteriota
1731:
1730:
1728:
1727:
1720:
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1706:
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1610:
1609:
1606:
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1602:
1601:
1599:
1598:
1585:
1583:
1572:
1570:Leptospiraceae
1566:
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1562:
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1559:
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1534:
1521:
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1513:
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1468:
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1410:
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1403:
1395:proteobacteria
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1383:
1382:
1375:
1368:
1360:
1351:
1350:
1347:
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1335:
1324:
1308:
1303:
1302:
1300:
1299:Classification
1293:
1292:
1285:
1284:External links
1282:
1280:
1279:
1250:(260): 283–6.
1230:
1203:
1168:
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1101:(3): 291–393.
1077:
1058:
1039:
990:
981:J Trop Med Hyg
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962:
898:
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820:
771:
735:(12): 1515–8.
715:
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507:cron chonnaill
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336:B. recurrentis
328:B. recurrentis
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214:
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207:B. recurrentis
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3:
2:
2337:
2326:
2325:Rickettsioses
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2302:
2300:
2281:
2280:
2276:
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2273:
2269:
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2258:
2256:
2255:
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2241:
2239:
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2227:
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2222:
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2208:
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2201:
2199:
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2183:
2177:
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2172:
2170:
2169:
2165:
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2162:
2160:
2159:
2154:
2148:
2147:
2143:
2141:
2140:
2136:
2134:
2133:
2129:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2123:
2118:
2115:
2111:
2105:
2102:
2101:
2099:
2095:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2071:
2069:
2065:
2059:
2056:
2055:
2053:
2051:
2047:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1990:Bourbon virus
1988:
1986:
1983:
1982:
1980:
1978:
1974:
1964:
1961:
1960:
1958:
1956:
1955:Thiotrichales
1952:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1932:
1930:
1928:
1924:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
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1900:
1897:
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1892:
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1887:
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1876:
1872:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1854:
1852:
1850:
1849:Rickettsiales
1846:
1843:
1841:
1837:
1834:
1830:
1825:
1818:
1813:
1811:
1806:
1804:
1799:
1798:
1795:
1782:
1778:
1774:
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1769:
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1765:
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1635:
1631:
1630:
1628:
1626:
1625:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1611:
1596:
1595:Leptospirosis
1592:
1591:
1587:
1586:
1584:
1582:
1581:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1567:
1556:
1552:
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1434:
1433:
1431:
1429:
1428:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1408:Spirochaetota
1405:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1391:gram negative
1388:
1381:
1376:
1374:
1369:
1367:
1362:
1361:
1358:
1345:
1341:
1340:
1336:
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1245:
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1234:
1231:
1226:
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1214:
1207:
1204:
1199:
1195:
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1187:
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1154:
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1108:
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1096:
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1090:
1081:
1078:
1073:
1069:
1062:
1059:
1054:
1050:
1043:
1040:
1035:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
994:
991:
986:
982:
975:
972:
966:
963:
958:
954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
933:
928:
924:
920:
916:
909:
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905:
903:
899:
894:
890:
885:
880:
875:
870:
866:
862:
858:
851:
848:
836:. pp. D6
835:
831:
824:
821:
816:
812:
807:
802:
798:
794:
791:(3): 369–74.
790:
786:
782:
775:
772:
760:
756:
751:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
719:
716:
711:
705:
697:
691:
687:
680:
677:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
644:
642:
638:
633:
629:
624:
619:
615:
611:
608:(2): 115–21.
607:
603:
599:
592:
589:
584:
580:
577:(3): 167–81.
576:
572:
565:
562:
556:
552:
549:
547:
544:
542:
539:
537:
534:
532:
529:
528:
524:
522:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
499:
497:
494:can transmit
493:
489:
485:
484:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
442:
440:
437:
433:
424:
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408:
404:
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396:
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388:
386:
378:
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362:
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349:
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288:
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255:
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245:
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177:
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156:
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146:
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125:
123:
121:
117:
113:
105:
103:
101:
97:
93:
92:
87:
83:
79:
75:
74:
70:in the genus
69:
65:
61:
51:
45:
42:
40:
36:
31:
19:
2277:
2259:
2252:
2245:
2237:Ornithodoros
2235:
2223:
2216:
2209:
2202:
2195:
2185:
2173:
2166:
2156:
2144:
2137:
2130:
2120:
2097:Infestations
1985:Bhanja virus
1940:Lyme disease
1889:Scrub typhus
1880:
1867:Ehrlichiosis
1857:Anaplasmosis
1770:
1761:
1754:
1742:
1722:
1715:
1708:
1701:
1694:
1687:Bacteroidota
1653:
1644:
1632:
1622:
1588:
1578:
1548:
1542:
1536:
1524:
1506:Lyme disease
1498:
1492:
1482:
1470:
1458:
1435:
1425:
1337:
1326:
1311:
1247:
1243:
1233:
1216:
1212:
1206:
1181:
1177:
1171:
1152:
1146:
1133:
1098:
1094:
1088:
1087:"Studies on
1080:
1071:
1067:
1061:
1052:
1048:
1042:
1007:
1003:
1000:"Tick Fever"
993:
984:
980:
974:
965:
922:
918:
864:
860:
850:
840:20 September
838:. Retrieved
833:
823:
788:
784:
774:
762:. Retrieved
732:
728:
718:
685:
679:
654:
650:
605:
601:
591:
574:
570:
564:
531:Lyme disease
506:
502:
500:
495:
481:
477:
446:
436:lipoproteins
428:
391:Tetracycline
389:
382:
366:
354:
353:
343:
335:
331:
327:
323:
322:
317:
310:
303:
296:
289:
281:
275:
267:
257:
251:
250:; vectors –
234:– occurs in
229:
218:
216:
206:
201:
199:
184:
165:
158:
148:
142:
136:
134:
109:
91:Ornithodoros
89:
71:
59:
58:
2158:Dermacentor
1927:Spirochaete
1639:Psittacosis
1614:Chlamydiota
764:October 17,
486:. In 1907,
415:hypotension
403:tachycardia
399:diaphoresis
385:antibiotics
369:spirochetes
191:QT interval
135:Along with
2299:Categories
2058:Babesiosis
1881:E. ewingii
1580:Leptospira
1339:DiseasesDB
1068:J Trop Med
557:References
458:Mozambique
344:B. hermsii
332:B. hermsii
324:B. hermsii
155:body louse
114:, chills,
2122:Amblyomma
1963:Tularemia
1883:infection
1661:Chlamydia
1624:Chlamydia
1427:Treponema
1219:: 48–71.
957:205322810
941:1365-2672
704:cite book
407:tachypnea
401:, fever,
379:Treatment
363:Diagnosis
168:epidemics
116:headaches
39:Specialty
2315:Zoonoses
1832:Diseases
1671:Trachoma
1484:Borrelia
1443:Syphilis
1274:20248471
1125:30071844
1074:: 97–99.
1034:20761784
987:: 24–26.
949:19886891
893:26618151
815:16704771
759:12498677
671:36113496
632:11897061
525:See also
515:Taliesin
425:Research
225:vector.
219:Borrelia
202:Borrelia
187:jaundice
176:Ethiopia
73:Borrelia
68:bacteria
1389:due to
1333:D012061
1265:2529527
1198:4583554
1055:: 1–18.
1025:2355890
884:4641162
867:: 254.
806:3291445
750:2738510
623:2732444
583:8805079
511:Maelgwn
443:History
248:Tunisia
244:Senegal
98:(Genus
88:(genus
2187:Ixodes
1879:Human
1272:
1262:
1196:
1159:
1123:
1032:
1022:
955:
947:
939:
891:
881:
813:
803:
757:
747:
692:
669:
630:
620:
581:
536:Typhus
454:Angola
126:Causes
120:nausea
100:Ixodes
94:), or
64:vector
46:
2271:Other
1465:Pinta
1447:bejel
1194:JSTOR
1121:JSTOR
953:S2CID
505:, or
264:shrew
236:Egypt
180:Sudan
112:fever
78:bites
62:is a
1452:Yaws
1393:non-
1344:4428
1328:MeSH
1322:1C1J
1270:PMID
1157:ISBN
1030:PMID
945:PMID
937:ISSN
889:PMID
842:2011
811:PMID
766:2010
755:PMID
710:link
690:ISBN
667:PMID
628:PMID
579:PMID
468:and
456:and
405:and
326:and
240:Mali
223:tick
178:and
141:and
82:lice
1399:BV4
1313:ICD
1260:PMC
1252:doi
1221:doi
1186:doi
1111:hdl
1103:doi
1020:PMC
1012:doi
927:doi
923:108
879:PMC
869:doi
801:PMC
793:doi
745:PMC
737:doi
659:doi
618:PMC
610:doi
373:PCR
346:.)
195:ECG
193:on
102:).
80:of
2301::
1877:,
1873:,
1342::
1331::
1320::
1317:11
1268:.
1258:.
1248:23
1246:.
1242:.
1215:.
1192:.
1182:55
1180:.
1119:.
1109:.
1097:.
1093:.
1070:.
1053:17
1051:.
1028:.
1018:.
1006:.
1002:.
983:.
951:.
943:.
935:.
921:.
917:.
901:^
887:.
877:.
863:.
859:.
832:.
809:.
799:.
789:12
787:.
783:.
753:.
743:.
731:.
727:.
706:}}
702:{{
665:.
653:.
640:^
626:.
616:.
604:.
600:.
573:.
521:.
256:,
246:,
242:,
238:,
197:.
182:.
147:,
84:,
1916:)
1885:)
1869:(
1816:e
1809:t
1802:v
1783:)
1779:/
1775:(
1751:)
1747:(
1641:)
1637:(
1597:)
1593:(
1557:)
1553:(
1547:/
1541:/
1533:)
1529:(
1497:/
1467:)
1463:(
1445:/
1401:)
1397:(
1379:e
1372:t
1365:v
1315:-
1305:D
1276:.
1254::
1227:.
1223::
1217:9
1200:.
1188::
1165:.
1127:.
1113::
1105::
1099:3
1072:8
1036:.
1014::
1008:2
985:7
959:.
929::
895:.
871::
865:3
844:.
817:.
795::
768:.
739::
733:8
712:)
698:.
673:.
661::
655:3
634:.
612::
606:8
585:.
575:5
272:)
266:(
157:(
20:)
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