48:
975:. An obstruction further down in the intestine or colon will cause delayed vomiting. An infectious cause of nausea and vomiting such as gastroenteritis may present several hours to days after the food was ingested. The contents of the emesis is a valuable clue towards determining the cause. Bits of fecal matter in the emesis indicate obstruction in the distal intestine or the colon. Emesis that is of a bilious nature (greenish in color) localizes the obstruction to a point past the stomach. Emesis of undigested food points to an obstruction prior to the gastric outlet, such as
1287:
2562:
937:. These structures go on to signal various downstream effects of nausea and vomiting. The body's motor muscle responses involve halting the muscles of the gastrointestinal tract, and in fact causing reversed propulsion of gastric contents towards the mouth while increasing abdominal muscle contraction. Autonomic effects involve increased salivation and the sensation of feeling faint that often occurs with nausea and vomiting.
219:
are the two most common causes of acute nausea and vomiting. Side effects from medications (3%) and pregnancy are also relatively frequent. There are many causes of chronic nausea. Nausea and vomiting remain undiagnosed in 10% of the cases. Aside from morning sickness, there are no sex differences in
874:
in the floor of the fourth ventricle within the brain. This area is outside the blood brain barrier, and is therefore readily exposed to substances circulating through the blood and cerebral spinal fluid. Common triggers of the CTZ include metabolic abnormalities, toxins, and medications. Activation
1040:
with oral electrolyte solutions is preferred. If this is not effective or possible, intravenous rehydration may be required. Medical care is recommended if: a person cannot keep any liquids down, has symptoms more than 2 days, is weak, has a fever, has stomach pain, vomits more than two times in a
1015:" sound is more indicative of gastric outlet obstruction. Eliciting pain on the abdominal exam when pressing on the patient may indicate an inflammatory process. Signs such as papilledema, visual field losses, or focal neurological deficits are red flag signs for elevated intracranial pressure.
966:
Taking a thorough patient history may reveal important clues to the cause of nausea and vomiting. If the patient's symptoms have an acute onset, then drugs, toxins, and infections are likely. In contrast, a long-standing history of nausea will point towards a chronic illness as the culprit. The
338:
but may occasionally continue into the second and third trimesters. In the first trimester nearly 80 % of women have some degree of nausea. Pregnancy should therefore be considered as a possible cause of nausea in any sexually active woman of child-bearing age. While usually it is mild and
848:
Research on nausea and vomiting has relied on using animal models to mimic the anatomy and neuropharmacologic features of the human body. The physiologic mechanism of nausea is a complex process that has yet to be fully elucidated. There are four general pathways that are activated by specific
1023:
When a history and physical exam are not enough to determine the cause of nausea and vomiting, certain diagnostic tests may prove useful. A chemistry panel would be useful for electrolyte and metabolic abnormalities. Liver function tests and lipase would identify pancreaticobiliary diseases.
904:
Peripheral
Pathways: These pathways are triggered via chemoreceptors and mechanoreceptors in the gastrointestinal tract, as well as other organs such as the heart and kidneys. Common activators of these pathways include toxins present in the gastrointestinal lumen and distension of the
1183:
is the main complaint in 1.6% of visits to family physicians in
Australia. However, only 25% of people with nausea visit their family physician. In Australia, nausea, as opposed to vomiting, occurs most frequently in persons aged 15–24 years, and is less common in other age groups.
1028:. More advanced imaging and procedures may be necessary, such as a CT scan, upper endoscopy, colonoscopy, barium enema, or MRI. Abnormal GI motility can be assessed using specific tests like gastric scintigraphy, wireless motility capsules, and small-intestinal manometry.
1150:
The outlook depends on the cause. Most people recover within few hours or a day. While short-term nausea and vomiting are generally harmless, they may sometimes indicate a more serious condition. When associated with prolonged vomiting, it may lead to
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A lower proportion of NCG/WS patients (from 30% to 50%) complain of upper gastrointestinal tract manifestations, e.g. vomiting, nausea, gastroesophageal reflux disease, aerophagia and aphthous stomatitis. (NCG/WS: Non-coeliac gluten/wheat
1089:
is an inexpensive and effective over the counter medication for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting. Other factors to consider when choosing an antiemetic medication include the person's preference, side-effect profile, and cost.
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47:
1108:
may be effective in reducing chemotherapy associated nausea and vomiting. Several studies have demonstrated the therapeutic effects of cannabinoids for nausea and vomiting in the advanced stages of illnesses such as
228:
Gastrointestinal infection is one of the most common causes of acute nausea and vomiting. Chronic nausea may be the presentation of many gastrointestinal disorders, occasionally as the major symptom, such as
967:
timing of nausea and vomiting after eating food is an important factor to pay attention to. Symptoms that occur within an hour of eating may indicate an obstruction proximal to the small intestine, such as
1911:
Bashashati M, McCallum RW (January 2014). "Neurochemical mechanisms and pharmacologic strategies in managing nausea and vomiting related to cyclic vomiting syndrome and other gastrointestinal disorders".
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Numerous pharmacologic medications are available for the treatment of nausea. There is no medication that is clearly superior to other medications for all cases of nausea. The choice of
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893:: This system is activated by disturbances to the vestibular apparatus in the inner ear. These include movements that cause motion sickness and dizziness. This pathway is triggered via
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Kranke P, Morin AM, Roewer N, Eberhart LH (March 2002). "Dimenhydrinate for prophylaxis of postoperative nausea and vomiting: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials".
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medication may be based on the situation during which the person experiences nausea. For people with motion sickness and vertigo, antihistamines and anticholinergics such as
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complaints of nausea. After childhood, doctor consultations decrease steadily with age. Only a fraction of one percent of doctor visits by those over 65 are due to nausea.
294:
usually causes an abrupt onset of nausea and vomiting one to six hours after ingestion of contaminated food and lasts for one to two days. It is due to toxins produced by
2204:
1257:
860:. These areas are activated by elevated intracranial pressure, irritation of the meninges (i.e. blood or infection), and extreme emotional triggers such as anxiety. The
3189:
983:. If patient experiences reduced abdominal pain after vomiting, then obstruction is a likely etiology. However, vomiting does not relieve the pain brought on by
1492:
Volta U, Caio G, Karunaratne TB, Alaedini A, De
Giorgio R (January 2017). "Non-coeliac gluten/wheat sensitivity: advances in knowledge and relevant questions".
2527:
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1962:
1991:
1770:"Part 10: acute coronary syndromes: 2010 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care"
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905:
gastrointestinal lumen from blockage or dysmotility of the bowels. Signals from these pathways travel via multiple neural tracts including the
1269:
1007:. Auscultation of the abdomen can produce several clues to the cause of nausea and vomiting. A high-pitched tinkling sound indicates possible
3051:
2462:
1024:
Abdominal X-rays showing air-fluid levels indicate bowel obstruction, while an X-ray showing air-filled bowel loops are more indicative of
431:
83:. It can be a debilitating symptom if prolonged and has been described as placing discomfort on the chest, abdomen, or back of the throat.
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are particularly effective. Nausea and vomiting associated with migraine headaches respond best to dopamine antagonists such as
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318:, is well known to cause devastating nausea in some patients; a person using it for the first time will be prescribed an
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were found to suppress nausea and vomiting, as well as reduce the need for IV fluid resuscitation. The combination of
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1819:
Hasler WL. Nausea, Vomiting, and
Indigestion. In: Kasper D, Fauci A, Hauser S, Longo D, Jameson J, Loscalzo J. eds. '
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In hospital settings topical anti-nausea gels are not indicated because of lack of research backing their efficacy.
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While most causes of nausea are not serious, some serious conditions are associated with nausea. These include
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Signals from any of these pathways then travel to the brainstem, activating several structures including the
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28:
2424:"Ginger (Zingiber officinale) and chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: a systematic literature review"
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Many medications can potentially cause nausea. Some of the most frequently associated include cytotoxic
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2156:"Cannabinoids for control of chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting: quantitative systematic review"
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O'Connor RE, Brady W, Brooks SC, Diercks D, Egan J, Ghaemmaghami C, et al. (November 2010).
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Whiting PF, Wolff RF, Deshpande S, Di Nisio M, Duffy S, Hernandez AV, et al. (2015-06-23).
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2488:"Efficacy of ginger for nausea and vomiting: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials"
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2014:"Drugs for the treatment of nausea and vomiting in adults in the emergency department setting"
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Marx WM, Teleni L, McCarthy AL, Vitetta L, McKavanagh D, Thomson D, Isenring E (April 2013).
1900:. New York, NY: McGraw HIll. pp. Chapter 217: Domains of Care: Physical Aspects of Care.
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Scorza K, Williams A, Phillips JD, Shaw J (July 2007). "Evaluation of nausea and vomiting".
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1838:"Signals for nausea and emesis: Implications for models of upper gastrointestinal diseases"
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Osayande AS, Mehulic S (March 2014). "Diagnosis and initial management of dysmenorrhea".
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It has been described that alterations in heart rate can occur as well as the release of
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Weschules DJ (December 2005). "Tolerability of the compound ABHR in hospice patients".
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2013:
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triggers in the human body that go on to create the sensation of nausea and vomiting.
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Smith TJ, Ritter JK, Poklis JL, Fletcher D, Coyne PJ, Dodson P, Parker G (May 2012).
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has also been shown to be potentially effective in treating several types of nausea.
988:
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are sometimes used for nausea but are not equivalent to more established therapies.
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is a diffuse sensation of unease and discomfort, sometimes perceived as an urge to
1505:
2627:
2154:
Tramèr MR, Carroll D, Campbell FA, Reynolds DJ, Moore RA, McQuay HJ (July 2001).
1925:
1853:
1608:
Sheehan P (September 2007). "Hyperemesis gravidarum--assessment and management".
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856:(CNS): Stimuli can affect areas of the CNS including the cerebral cortex and the
93:, which means that it has many possible causes. Some common causes of nausea are
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Koch KL, Frissora CL (March 2003). "Nausea and vomiting during pregnancy".
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Over 30 definitions of nausea were proposed in a 2011 book on the topic.
80:
56:
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is the first line treatment for pregnancy-related nausea and vomiting.
768:
669:
150:
126:
21:
2584:
2205:"Medicinal Uses of Marijuana: Nausea, Emesis and Appetite Stimulation"
1036:
If dehydration is present due to loss of fluids from severe vomiting,
160:
Medications taken to prevent and treat nausea and vomiting are called
4492:
3809:
3427:
3313:
2596:
2260:"Cannabinoids for Medical Use: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis"
1988:"When you have nausea and vomiting: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia"
1159:
imbalances or both. Repeated intentional vomiting, characteristic of
1139:
1110:
1004:
800:
689:
447:
4327:
4176:
3259:
2989:
1025:
177:
3967:
2667:
999:
It is important to watch out for signs of dehydration, such as
2070:"Practical selection of antiemetics in the ambulatory setting"
1073:. In cases of gastroenteritis, serotonin antagonists such as
187:
2352:"ABH gel is not absorbed from the skin of normal volunteers"
2012:
Furyk JS, Meek RA, Egerton-Warburton D (September 2015).
1332:"What is nausea? A historical analysis of changing views"
164:. The most commonly prescribed antiemetics in the US are
141:. Nausea is a side effect of many medications including
1961:. American College of Gastroenterology. Archived from
1721:"Nausea: a review of pathophysiology and therapeutics"
1243:"Nausea and vomiting in adults--a diagnostic approach"
2317:"Five Things Physicians and Patients Should Question"
2574:
4514:
4491:
4429:
4396:
4353:
4310:
4303:
4246:
4168:
4009:
3922:
3808:
3801:
3742:
3656:
3613:
3459:
3450:
3403:
3357:
3312:
3198:
3085:
2975:
2962:
2837:
2711:
2702:
2637:
2578:
2331:
American
Academy of Hospice and Palliative Medicine
2313:
American
Academy of Hospice and Palliative Medicine
62:
40:
1494:Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology
1258:Royal Australian College of General Practitioners
351:A number of conditions involving balance such as
149:in early pregnancy. Nausea may also be caused by
4618:Symptoms and signs: Digestive system and abdomen
1637:"Motion sickness: more than nausea and vomiting"
864:is also responsible for the sensation of nausea.
1821:Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 19e
1041:day or does not urinate for more than 8 hours.
2068:Flake ZA, Linn BS, Hornecker JR (March 2015).
3979:
2679:
1439:
1437:
1435:
8:
2785:Esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction
2307:
2305:
1898:Principles and Practice of Hospital Medicine
1325:
1323:
1321:
310:regimens for cancer and other diseases, and
2018:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
4307:
3986:
3972:
3964:
3805:
3456:
2972:
2824:Esophageal intramural pseudodiverticulosis
2708:
2686:
2672:
2664:
2575:
46:
37:
2503:
2367:
2285:
2275:
2179:
2037:
1861:
1785:
1744:
1668:
1575:Gastroenterology Clinics of North America
1355:
283:infection does not cause chronic nausea.
1815:
1813:
1811:
1809:
1807:
1805:
1725:Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology
1719:Singh P, Yoon SS, Kuo B (January 2016).
2125:10.1034/j.1399-6576.2002.t01-1-460303.x
1541:
1539:
1537:
1535:
1210:
2356:Journal of Pain and Symptom Management
2337:from the original on September 1, 2013
1446:"Presentations of nausea and vomiting"
1444:Britt H, Fahridin S (September 2007).
1409:Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert.
1379:Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert.
1236:
1234:
3052:Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth
2063:
2061:
2059:
2057:
1945:
1943:
1330:Balaban CD, Yates BJ (January 2017).
1232:
1230:
1228:
1226:
1224:
1222:
1220:
1218:
1216:
1214:
339:self-limiting, severe cases known as
7:
1241:Metz A, Hebbard G (September 2007).
1096:is also indicated for this purpose.
432:spontaneous intracranial hypotension
2113:Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica
743:Medications and metabolic disorders
489:Superior mesenteric artery syndrome
55:A 1681 painting depicting a person
2505:10.1093/oxfordjournals.bja.a013442
2486:Ernst E, Pittler MH (March 2000).
1836:Andrews PL, Horn CC (April 2006).
784:Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors
14:
3937:Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
3784:Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency
2369:10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2011.05.017
2092:from the original on 19 June 2018
1787:10.1161/circulationaha.110.971028
870:(CTZ): The CTZ is located in the
359:can lead to nausea and vomiting.
3682:Secondary sclerosing cholangitis
2560:
2528:"Bulimia Nervosa-Topic Overview"
1914:European Journal of Pharmacology
1825:New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2015.
1285:
2923:Gastric antral vascular ectasia
2918:Portal hypertensive gastropathy
2795:Gastroesophageal reflux disease
2240:from the original on 2019-12-13
1994:from the original on 2016-07-05
1878:from the original on 2020-01-10
1421:from the original on 2021-04-18
1391:from the original on 2021-05-15
1307:from the original on 2016-03-04
1275:from the original on 2016-11-26
560:Gastroesophageal reflux disease
231:gastroesophageal reflux disease
3677:Primary sclerosing cholangitis
3527:Hepatic veno-occlusive disease
3349:Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome
2492:British Journal of Anaesthesia
2387:Journal of Palliative Medicine
2030:10.1002/14651858.cd010106.pub2
1428:– via perseus.tufts.edu.
1398:– via Perseus.tufts.edu.
1:
3734:Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction
2565:The dictionary definition of
2203:Drug Policy Alliance (2001).
1587:10.1016/S0889-8553(02)00070-5
1506:10.1080/17474124.2017.1260003
927:nucleus of the solitary tract
774:Oral hypoglycemic medications
582:Non-celiac gluten sensitivity
555:Intestinal pseudo-obstruction
259:non-celiac gluten sensitivity
3643:Postcholecystectomy syndrome
3162:Intestinal pseudoobstruction
2770:Esophageal motility disorder
1926:10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.09.075
1854:10.1016/j.autneu.2006.01.008
1348:10.1016/j.autneu.2016.07.003
314:. An old cure for migraine,
204:, "feeling sick or queasy".
16:Medical symptom or condition
4207:Charcot's cholangitis triad
1641:Experimental Brain Research
1610:Australian Family Physician
1453:Australian Family Physician
1250:Australian Family Physician
790:Endocrine/metabolic disease
213:Gastrointestinal infections
4639:
3628:Gallstone / Cholelithiasis
3152:Functional colonic disease
2948:Zollinger–Ellison syndrome
1635:Lackner, James R. (2014).
941:Pre-nausea pathophysiology
875:of the CTZ is mediated by
868:Chemoreceptor trigger zone
474:Gastric outlet obstruction
312:general anaesthetic agents
188:
176:. The word nausea is from
99:gastrointestinal disorders
18:
4592:Sister Mary Joseph nodule
2829:Acute esophageal necrosis
2074:American Family Physician
1694:American Family Physician
1653:10.1007/s00221-014-4008-8
1548:American Family Physician
935:central pattern generator
452:carbon monoxide poisoning
334:" is common during early
54:
45:
2928:Gastric dumping syndrome
2803:Laryngopharyngeal reflux
2790:Diffuse esophageal spasm
1780:(18 Suppl 3): S787-817.
1737:10.1177/1756283X15618131
570:Cyclic vomiting syndrome
565:Irritable bowel syndrome
544:Sensorimotor dysfunction
378:Nausea may be caused by
20:Not to be confused with
3544:Alcoholic liver disease
3077:Bile acid malabsorption
3021:Peptic (duodenal) ulcer
2399:10.1089/jpm.2005.8.1135
2324:: an initiative of the
2172:10.1136/bmj.323.7303.16
1415:A Greek-English Lexicon
1385:A Greek-English Lexicon
1001:orthostatic hypotension
728:Post-operative vomiting
654:Intracerebral disorders
479:Small bowel obstruction
404:small bowel obstruction
343:may require treatment.
29:Nausea (disambiguation)
3999:human digestive system
3554:Hepatic encephalopathy
2938:Buried bumper syndrome
2869:Peptic (gastric) ulcer
2753:Mallory–Weiss syndrome
2696:human digestive system
2277:10.1001/jama.2015.6358
1842:Autonomic Neuroscience
1336:Autonomic Neuroscience
1171:present on the teeth.
883:(5HT3) receptors, and
854:Central nervous system
341:hyperemesis gravidarum
322:for relief if needed.
271:upper gastrointestinal
4285:Obstructed defecation
3779:Pancreatic pseudocyst
3648:Porcelain gallbladder
2760:Zenker's diverticulum
1952:"Nausea and Vomiting"
1011:, while a splashing "
981:Zenker's diverticulum
862:supratentorial region
821:Adrenal insufficiency
696:Psychiatric illnesses
622:Myocardial infarction
601:Abdominal irradiation
512:Inflammatory diseases
468:Obstructing disorders
428:intracranial pressure
424:diabetic ketoacidosis
4547:Aure-Rozanova's sign
4506:Hannington-Kiff sign
4501:Howship–Romberg sign
4459:Aortic insufficiency
4361:Abdominal distension
3583:Hepatorenal syndrome
3522:Budd–Chiari syndrome
3479:Autoimmune hepatitis
3304:Intestinal adhesions
3062:Short bowel syndrome
2891:Functional dyspepsia
2809:Esophageal stricture
2775:Nutcracker esophagus
1167:to wear away at the
1100:Alternative medicine
931:dorsal motor nucleus
235:functional dyspepsia
91:non-specific symptom
27:For other uses, see
4112:Chilaiditi syndrome
3722:Choledocholithiasis
3593:Metabolic disorders
3559:Acute liver failure
3532:Portal hypertension
3484:Alcoholic hepatitis
3327:Radiation proctitis
3246:Mesenteric ischemia
3218:Gastroenterocolitis
3047:Blind loop syndrome
2857:Ménétrier's disease
2765:Barrett's esophagus
1104:In certain people,
951:posterior pituitary
897:(H1) receptors and
779:Oral contraceptives
606:Outside the abdomen
506:Bacterial infection
484:Colonic obstruction
394:Potentially serious
280:Helicobacter pylori
4479:Grey Turner's sign
4409:Hepatosplenomegaly
4338:Abdominal guarding
4270:Fecal occult blood
4261:Fecal incontinence
4232:Mirizzi's syndrome
4142:Sherren's triangle
3995:Signs and symptoms
3897:Undefined location
3888:Grynfeltt–Lesshaft
3789:Pancreatic fistula
3772:Pancreatic abscess
3727:Biliary dyskinesia
3698:Mirizzi's syndrome
3199:Large and/or small
2879:Dieulafoy's lesion
2748:Boerhaave syndrome
2638:External resources
2443:10.1111/nure.12016
1019:Diagnostic testing
933:of the vagus, and
632:Inner-ear diseases
495:Enteric infections
463:Inside the abdomen
458:Comprehensive list
370:can cause nausea.
4605:
4604:
4577:Fothergill's sign
4567:Rosenstein's sign
4487:
4486:
4442:Mallet-Guy's sign
4381:Shifting dullness
4202:Courvoisier's law
3961:
3960:
3957:
3956:
3797:
3796:
3399:
3398:
3256:Bowel obstruction
2958:
2957:
2661:
2660:
2431:Nutrition Reviews
1581:(1): 201–34, vi.
1194:Cancer and nausea
1009:bowel obstruction
1003:and loss of skin
891:Vestibular system
737:Altitude sickness
454:and many others.
420:Addisonian crisis
384:anxiety disorders
275:pancreatic cancer
74:
73:
35:Medical condition
4630:
4308:
4295:Rectal discharge
4211:Reynolds' pentad
4150:Radiologic signs
4137:McBurney's point
4011:Gastrointestinal
3997:relating to the
3988:
3981:
3974:
3965:
3949:Pneumoperitoneum
3806:
3716:Common bile duct
3598:Wilson's disease
3588:Peliosis hepatis
3457:
3334:Proctalgia fugax
3241:Abdominal angina
3166:Ogilvie syndrome
3115:Pseudomembranous
2973:
2933:Gastric volvulus
2898:Pyloric stenosis
2709:
2694:Diseases of the
2688:
2681:
2674:
2665:
2576:
2564:
2548:
2547:
2545:
2543:
2534:. Archived from
2524:
2518:
2517:
2507:
2483:
2477:
2476:
2474:
2473:
2467:
2461:. Archived from
2428:
2419:
2413:
2410:
2381:
2371:
2345:
2344:
2342:
2309:
2300:
2299:
2289:
2279:
2255:
2249:
2248:
2246:
2245:
2226:
2220:
2219:
2217:
2216:
2207:. Archived from
2200:
2194:
2193:
2183:
2151:
2145:
2144:
2108:
2102:
2101:
2099:
2097:
2065:
2052:
2051:
2041:
2009:
2003:
2002:
2000:
1999:
1984:
1978:
1977:
1975:
1973:
1968:on 28 March 2017
1967:
1956:
1947:
1938:
1937:
1908:
1902:
1901:
1896:Lien, C (2012).
1893:
1887:
1886:
1884:
1883:
1865:
1833:
1827:
1817:
1800:
1799:
1789:
1765:
1759:
1758:
1748:
1716:
1710:
1709:
1689:
1683:
1682:
1672:
1647:(8): 2493–2510.
1632:
1626:
1625:
1605:
1599:
1598:
1570:
1564:
1563:
1543:
1530:
1529:
1489:
1483:
1482:
1480:
1479:
1473:
1467:. Archived from
1450:
1441:
1430:
1429:
1427:
1426:
1406:
1400:
1399:
1397:
1396:
1376:
1370:
1369:
1359:
1327:
1316:
1315:
1313:
1312:
1297:
1291:
1290:
1289:
1283:
1281:
1280:
1274:
1247:
1238:
1067:prochlorperazine
973:pyloric stenosis
911:glossopharyngeal
901:(ACh) receptors.
887:receptors (NK1).
879:(D2) receptors,
627:Paroxysmal cough
388:eating disorders
332:morning sickness
277:. Uncomplicated
273:malignancy, and
224:Gastrointestinal
191:
190:
172:, and the newer
147:morning sickness
69:Gastroenterology
50:
38:
32:
25:
4638:
4637:
4633:
4632:
4631:
4629:
4628:
4627:
4608:
4607:
4606:
4601:
4562:Lockwood's sign
4510:
4483:
4454:Ballance's sign
4425:
4392:
4386:Fluid wave test
4349:
4343:Blumberg's sign
4299:
4275:Rectal tenesmus
4242:
4182:Councilman body
4164:
4107:Goodsall's rule
4095:Hypersalivation
4012:
4005:
3992:
3962:
3953:
3918:
3907:Internal hernia
3793:
3738:
3703:Biliary fistula
3661:
3652:
3638:Adenomyomatosis
3633:Cholesterolosis
3609:
3603:Hemochromatosis
3474:Viral hepatitis
3446:
3395:
3353:
3339:Rectal prolapse
3308:
3275:Fecal impaction
3265:Intussusception
3228:Crohn's disease
3194:
3177:Toxic megacolon
3089:
3087:Large intestine
3081:
3026:Curling's ulcer
2979:
2977:Small intestine
2966:
2954:
2862:Gastroenteritis
2833:
2698:
2692:
2662:
2657:
2656:
2633:
2632:
2587:
2557:
2552:
2551:
2541:
2539:
2538:on 25 July 2012
2526:
2525:
2521:
2485:
2484:
2480:
2471:
2469:
2465:
2426:
2421:
2420:
2416:
2384:
2349:
2340:
2338:
2326:ABIM Foundation
2322:Choosing Wisely
2311:
2310:
2303:
2270:(24): 2456–73.
2257:
2256:
2252:
2243:
2241:
2228:
2227:
2223:
2214:
2212:
2202:
2201:
2197:
2166:(7303): 16–21.
2153:
2152:
2148:
2110:
2109:
2105:
2095:
2093:
2067:
2066:
2055:
2024:(9): CD010106.
2011:
2010:
2006:
1997:
1995:
1990:. Nlm.nih.gov.
1986:
1985:
1981:
1971:
1969:
1965:
1954:
1949:
1948:
1941:
1910:
1909:
1905:
1895:
1894:
1890:
1881:
1879:
1848:(1–2): 100–15.
1835:
1834:
1830:
1818:
1803:
1767:
1766:
1762:
1718:
1717:
1713:
1691:
1690:
1686:
1634:
1633:
1629:
1607:
1606:
1602:
1572:
1571:
1567:
1545:
1544:
1533:
1491:
1490:
1486:
1477:
1475:
1471:
1448:
1443:
1442:
1433:
1424:
1422:
1408:
1407:
1403:
1394:
1392:
1378:
1377:
1373:
1329:
1328:
1319:
1310:
1308:
1299:
1298:
1294:
1284:
1278:
1276:
1272:
1245:
1240:
1239:
1212:
1207:
1190:
1177:
1148:
1130:diphenhydramine
1102:
1047:
1034:
1021:
997:
964:
962:Patient history
959:
943:
846:
844:Pathophysiology
764:Antiarrhythmics
745:
717:Drug withdrawal
638:Motion sickness
611:Cardiopulmonary
608:
501:Viral infection
465:
460:
396:
376:
365:
353:motion sickness
349:
328:
304:
289:
263:Crohn's disease
226:
210:
202:motion sickness
123:low blood sugar
107:motion sickness
95:gastroenteritis
36:
33:
26:
19:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4636:
4634:
4626:
4625:
4620:
4610:
4609:
4603:
4602:
4600:
4599:
4597:Blumer's shelf
4594:
4589:
4587:Massouh's sign
4584:
4582:Carnett's sign
4579:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4537:Hamburger sign
4534:
4532:Rovsing's sign
4529:
4527:Obturator sign
4524:
4518:
4516:
4512:
4511:
4509:
4508:
4503:
4497:
4495:
4489:
4488:
4485:
4484:
4482:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4464:Castell's sign
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4445:
4444:
4433:
4431:
4427:
4426:
4424:
4423:
4422:
4421:
4416:
4406:
4404:Abdominal mass
4400:
4398:
4394:
4393:
4391:
4390:
4389:
4388:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4368:
4357:
4355:
4351:
4350:
4348:
4347:
4346:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4318:Abdominal pain
4314:
4312:
4305:
4301:
4300:
4298:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4258:
4252:
4250:
4244:
4243:
4241:
4240:
4235:
4229:
4224:
4213:
4204:
4199:
4190:
4189:
4184:
4172:
4170:
4166:
4165:
4163:
4162:
4157:
4155:Hampton's line
4145:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4103:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4076:
4075:
4070:
4060:
4059:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4017:
4015:
4007:
4006:
3993:
3991:
3990:
3983:
3976:
3968:
3959:
3958:
3955:
3954:
3952:
3951:
3946:
3944:Hemoperitoneum
3941:
3940:
3939:
3928:
3926:
3920:
3919:
3917:
3916:
3915:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3893:
3892:
3891:
3890:
3885:
3872:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3850:
3849:
3844:
3833:
3832:
3827:
3826:
3825:
3814:
3812:
3803:
3799:
3798:
3795:
3794:
3792:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3775:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3748:
3746:
3740:
3739:
3737:
3736:
3731:
3730:
3729:
3724:
3711:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3691:
3690:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3668:
3666:
3654:
3653:
3651:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3619:
3617:
3611:
3610:
3608:
3607:
3606:
3605:
3600:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3579:
3578:
3573:
3563:
3562:
3561:
3556:
3546:
3541:
3540:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3512:
3511:
3510:
3500:
3499:
3498:
3488:
3487:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3465:
3463:
3454:
3448:
3447:
3445:
3444:
3443:
3442:
3432:
3431:
3430:
3425:
3415:
3413:Blood in stool
3409:
3407:
3401:
3400:
3397:
3396:
3394:
3393:
3388:
3386:Anal dysplasia
3383:
3378:
3373:
3363:
3361:
3355:
3354:
3352:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3330:
3329:
3318:
3316:
3310:
3309:
3307:
3306:
3301:
3300:
3299:
3289:
3288:
3287:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3253:
3251:Angiodysplasia
3248:
3243:
3232:
3231:
3230:
3220:
3215:
3214:
3213:
3202:
3200:
3196:
3195:
3193:
3192:
3186:Diverticulosis
3182:Diverticulitis
3179:
3170:
3169:
3168:
3159:
3149:
3144:
3143:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3107:
3101:
3099:
3083:
3082:
3080:
3079:
3074:
3072:Milroy disease
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3042:Tropical sprue
3039:
3030:
3029:
3028:
3018:
3017:
3016:
3011:
3006:
2995:
2993:
2970:
2964:Lower GI tract
2960:
2959:
2956:
2955:
2953:
2952:
2951:
2950:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2894:
2893:
2883:
2882:
2881:
2876:
2866:
2865:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2843:
2841:
2835:
2834:
2832:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2800:
2799:
2798:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2756:
2755:
2750:
2740:
2739:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2717:
2715:
2706:
2704:Upper GI tract
2700:
2699:
2693:
2691:
2690:
2683:
2676:
2668:
2659:
2658:
2655:
2654:
2642:
2641:
2639:
2635:
2634:
2631:
2630:
2619:
2604:
2588:
2583:
2582:
2580:
2579:Classification
2573:
2572:
2556:
2555:External links
2553:
2550:
2549:
2519:
2478:
2414:
2412:
2411:
2393:(6): 1135–43.
2382:
2346:, which cites
2301:
2250:
2221:
2195:
2146:
2103:
2053:
2004:
1979:
1950:Porter, Ryan.
1939:
1903:
1888:
1828:
1801:
1760:
1711:
1684:
1627:
1616:(9): 698–701.
1600:
1565:
1531:
1484:
1431:
1401:
1371:
1317:
1292:
1209:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1202:
1201:
1196:
1189:
1186:
1179:Nausea and or
1176:
1173:
1147:
1144:
1101:
1098:
1087:Dimenhydrinate
1071:chlorpromazine
1063:metoclopramide
1046:
1043:
1033:
1030:
1020:
1017:
996:
993:
963:
960:
958:
955:
942:
939:
923:
922:
902:
888:
865:
845:
842:
841:
840:
835:
824:
823:
818:
808:
803:
798:
787:
786:
781:
776:
771:
766:
761:
756:
744:
741:
740:
739:
734:
729:
720:
719:
714:
709:
693:
692:
687:
682:
677:
672:
667:
662:
651:
650:
645:
640:
629:
628:
625:
624:(heart attack)
619:
617:Cardiomyopathy
607:
604:
603:
602:
599:
594:
589:
584:
573:
572:
567:
562:
557:
552:
541:
540:
535:
530:
525:
520:
518:Celiac disease
509:
508:
503:
492:
491:
486:
481:
476:
464:
461:
459:
456:
395:
392:
375:
372:
364:
361:
348:
347:Disequilibrium
345:
327:
324:
303:
300:
292:Food poisoning
288:
287:Food poisoning
285:
255:celiac disease
243:biliary reflux
225:
222:
217:food poisoning
209:
206:
170:metoclopramide
103:food poisoning
72:
71:
66:
60:
59:
52:
51:
43:
42:
34:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4635:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4615:
4613:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4552:Dunphy's sign
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4542:Heel tap sign
4540:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4519:
4517:
4513:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4498:
4496:
4494:
4490:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4474:Cullen's sign
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4443:
4440:
4439:
4438:
4435:
4434:
4432:
4428:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4411:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4401:
4399:
4395:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4363:
4362:
4359:
4358:
4356:
4352:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4323:Acute abdomen
4321:
4320:
4319:
4316:
4315:
4313:
4309:
4306:
4302:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4253:
4251:
4249:
4245:
4239:
4236:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4227:Lépine's sign
4225:
4223:
4222:Murphy's sign
4219:
4218:
4217:cholecystitis
4214:
4212:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4192:
4191:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4174:
4173:
4171:
4167:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4147:
4146:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4132:Markle's sign
4130:
4128:
4127:Arapov's sign
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4104:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4068:oropharyngeal
4066:
4065:
4064:
4061:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4043:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4018:
4016:
4014:
4008:
4004:
4000:
3996:
3989:
3984:
3982:
3977:
3975:
3970:
3969:
3966:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3938:
3935:
3934:
3933:
3930:
3929:
3927:
3925:
3921:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3899:
3898:
3895:
3894:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3880:
3879:
3878:
3874:
3873:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3839:
3838:
3835:
3834:
3831:
3828:
3824:
3821:
3820:
3819:
3818:Diaphragmatic
3816:
3815:
3813:
3811:
3807:
3804:
3800:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3754:
3753:
3750:
3749:
3747:
3745:
3741:
3735:
3732:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3719:
3718:
3717:
3713:
3712:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3695:
3692:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3674:
3673:
3670:
3669:
3667:
3665:
3659:
3655:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3623:Cholecystitis
3621:
3620:
3618:
3616:
3612:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3595:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3568:
3567:
3566:Liver abscess
3564:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3551:
3550:
3549:Liver failure
3547:
3545:
3542:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3519:
3518:
3517:
3513:
3509:
3506:
3505:
3504:
3501:
3497:
3494:
3493:
3492:
3489:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3471:
3470:
3467:
3466:
3464:
3462:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3449:
3441:
3438:
3437:
3436:
3433:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3420:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3410:
3408:
3406:
3402:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3368:
3365:
3364:
3362:
3360:
3356:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3328:
3325:
3324:
3323:
3320:
3319:
3317:
3315:
3311:
3305:
3302:
3298:
3295:
3294:
3293:
3290:
3286:
3283:
3282:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3238:
3237:
3233:
3229:
3226:
3225:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3212:
3209:
3208:
3207:
3206:Enterocolitis
3204:
3203:
3201:
3197:
3191:
3187:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3174:
3171:
3167:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3154:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3112:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3093:
3088:
3084:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3034:
3033:Malabsorption
3031:
3027:
3024:
3023:
3022:
3019:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3001:
3000:
2997:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2987:
2983:
2978:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2965:
2961:
2949:
2946:
2945:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2908:Gastroparesis
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2892:
2889:
2888:
2887:
2884:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2874:Cushing ulcer
2872:
2871:
2870:
2867:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2849:
2848:
2845:
2844:
2842:
2840:
2836:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2819:Megaesophagus
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2804:
2801:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2772:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2745:
2744:
2741:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2723:
2722:
2719:
2718:
2716:
2714:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2701:
2697:
2689:
2684:
2682:
2677:
2675:
2670:
2669:
2666:
2653:
2649:
2648:
2644:
2643:
2640:
2636:
2629:
2625:
2624:
2620:
2618:
2614:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2603:
2599:
2598:
2594:
2590:
2589:
2586:
2581:
2577:
2571:at Wiktionary
2570:
2569:
2563:
2559:
2558:
2554:
2537:
2533:
2529:
2523:
2520:
2515:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2498:(3): 367–71.
2497:
2493:
2489:
2482:
2479:
2468:on 2020-05-07
2464:
2460:
2456:
2452:
2448:
2444:
2440:
2437:(4): 245–54.
2436:
2432:
2425:
2418:
2415:
2408:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2348:
2347:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2327:
2323:
2318:
2314:
2308:
2306:
2302:
2297:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2254:
2251:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2225:
2222:
2211:on 2007-08-05
2210:
2206:
2199:
2196:
2191:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2150:
2147:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2119:(3): 238–44.
2118:
2114:
2107:
2104:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2064:
2062:
2060:
2058:
2054:
2049:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2008:
2005:
1993:
1989:
1983:
1980:
1964:
1960:
1953:
1946:
1944:
1940:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1907:
1904:
1899:
1892:
1889:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1832:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1816:
1814:
1812:
1810:
1808:
1806:
1802:
1797:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1764:
1761:
1756:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1731:(1): 98–112.
1730:
1726:
1722:
1715:
1712:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1688:
1685:
1680:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1631:
1628:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1604:
1601:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1569:
1566:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1542:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1488:
1485:
1474:on 2019-03-26
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1447:
1440:
1438:
1436:
1432:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1405:
1402:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1375:
1372:
1367:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1326:
1324:
1322:
1318:
1306:
1302:
1296:
1293:
1288:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1244:
1237:
1235:
1233:
1231:
1229:
1227:
1225:
1223:
1221:
1219:
1217:
1215:
1211:
1204:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1191:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1174:
1172:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1155:or dangerous
1154:
1145:
1143:
1141:
1137:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1118:
1116:
1112:
1107:
1099:
1097:
1095:
1091:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1031:
1029:
1027:
1018:
1016:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
995:Physical exam
994:
992:
990:
989:cholecystitis
986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
969:gastroparesis
961:
956:
954:
952:
948:
940:
938:
936:
932:
928:
920:
916:
912:
908:
903:
900:
899:acetylcholine
896:
892:
889:
886:
882:
878:
873:
872:area postrema
869:
866:
863:
859:
858:limbic system
855:
852:
851:
850:
843:
839:
836:
834:
833:Liver failure
831:
830:
829:
828:
822:
819:
816:
812:
809:
807:
804:
802:
799:
797:
794:
793:
792:
791:
785:
782:
780:
777:
775:
772:
770:
767:
765:
762:
760:
757:
755:
752:
751:
750:
749:
742:
738:
735:
733:
730:
727:
726:
725:
724:
718:
715:
713:
710:
707:
703:
700:
699:
698:
697:
691:
688:
686:
683:
681:
678:
676:
675:Hydrocephalus
673:
671:
668:
666:
663:
661:
658:
657:
656:
655:
649:
646:
644:
643:Labyrinthitis
641:
639:
636:
635:
634:
633:
626:
623:
620:
618:
615:
614:
613:
612:
605:
600:
598:
595:
593:
590:
588:
587:Biliary colic
585:
583:
580:
579:
578:
577:
571:
568:
566:
563:
561:
558:
556:
553:
551:
550:Gastroparesis
548:
547:
546:
545:
539:
536:
534:
531:
529:
526:
524:
523:Cholecystitis
521:
519:
516:
515:
514:
513:
507:
504:
502:
499:
498:
497:
496:
490:
487:
485:
482:
480:
477:
475:
472:
471:
470:
469:
462:
457:
455:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
412:cholecystitis
409:
405:
401:
393:
391:
389:
385:
381:
373:
371:
369:
362:
360:
358:
354:
346:
344:
342:
337:
333:
325:
323:
321:
317:
313:
309:
301:
299:
297:
293:
286:
284:
282:
281:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
247:gastroparesis
244:
240:
236:
232:
223:
221:
218:
214:
207:
205:
203:
199:
196:, "ναυτία" –
195:
186:
182:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
158:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
139:lack of sleep
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
87:
84:
82:
78:
70:
67:
65:
61:
58:
53:
49:
44:
39:
30:
23:
4557:Alder's sign
4419:Splenomegaly
4414:Hepatomegaly
4280:Constipation
4215:
4193:
4187:Mallory body
4175:
4160:Klemm's sign
4148:
4122:Aaron's sign
4117:Dance's sign
4046:Trichophagia
4020:
3896:
3875:
3752:Pancreatitis
3714:
3664:biliary tree
3537:Nutmeg liver
3514:
3440:Hematochezia
3391:Pruritus ani
3376:Anal abscess
3371:Anal fistula
3367:Anal fissure
3280:Constipation
3234:
3105:Appendicitis
2913:Gastroptosis
2903:Achlorhydria
2742:
2731:Eosinophilic
2645:
2621:
2606:
2591:
2567:
2540:. Retrieved
2536:the original
2531:
2522:
2495:
2491:
2481:
2470:. Retrieved
2463:the original
2434:
2430:
2417:
2390:
2386:
2362:(5): 961–6.
2359:
2355:
2339:, retrieved
2320:
2287:10757/558499
2267:
2263:
2253:
2242:. Retrieved
2233:
2224:
2213:. Retrieved
2209:the original
2198:
2163:
2159:
2149:
2116:
2112:
2106:
2094:. Retrieved
2080:(5): 293–6.
2077:
2073:
2021:
2017:
2007:
1996:. Retrieved
1982:
1970:. Retrieved
1963:the original
1958:
1917:
1913:
1906:
1897:
1891:
1880:. Retrieved
1845:
1841:
1831:
1822:
1820:
1777:
1773:
1763:
1728:
1724:
1714:
1700:(5): 341–6.
1697:
1693:
1687:
1644:
1640:
1630:
1613:
1609:
1603:
1578:
1574:
1568:
1554:(1): 76–84.
1551:
1547:
1527:sensitivity)
1525:
1497:
1493:
1487:
1476:. Retrieved
1469:the original
1459:(9): 682–3.
1456:
1452:
1423:. Retrieved
1414:
1404:
1393:. Retrieved
1384:
1374:
1339:
1335:
1309:. Retrieved
1295:
1277:. Retrieved
1253:
1249:
1199:Vasodilation
1178:
1175:Epidemiology
1165:stomach acid
1163:, can cause
1149:
1138:
1122:Topical gels
1119:
1106:cannabinoids
1103:
1092:
1048:
1035:
1022:
998:
985:pancreatitis
965:
944:
924:
847:
826:
825:
806:Ketoacidosis
789:
788:
754:Chemotherapy
747:
746:
722:
721:
695:
694:
685:Encephalitis
653:
652:
631:
630:
610:
609:
592:Kidney stone
575:
574:
543:
542:
533:Appendicitis
528:Pancreatitis
511:
510:
494:
493:
467:
466:
444:heart attack
436:brain tumors
426:, increased
408:appendicitis
400:pancreatitis
397:
377:
368:Dysmenorrhea
366:
350:
329:
308:chemotherapy
305:
290:
278:
251:peptic ulcer
227:
211:
197:
193:
180:
166:promethazine
159:
143:chemotherapy
131:hyperthermia
89:Nausea is a
88:
85:
76:
75:
4572:Cupola sign
4469:Kehr's sign
4449:Puddle sign
4080:Odynophagia
3932:Peritonitis
3694:Cholestasis
3672:Cholangitis
3615:Gallbladder
3503:Fatty liver
3423:Hematemesis
3405:GI bleeding
3211:Necrotizing
3140:Lymphocytic
3135:Collagenous
3130:Microscopic
3067:Steatorrhea
2968:Enteropathy
2814:Inlet patch
2736:Herpetiform
2721:Esophagitis
2647:MedlinePlus
2234:www.who.int
2096:10 November
1959:Med.unc.edu
1774:Circulation
1500:(1): 9–18.
1157:electrolyte
1153:dehydration
1134:haloperidol
1124:containing
1075:ondansetron
1059:scopolamine
1045:Medications
1038:rehydration
947:vasopressin
919:sympathetic
815:parathyroid
759:Antibiotics
732:Nociception
374:Psychiatric
363:Gynecologic
330:Nausea or "
302:Medications
174:ondansetron
162:antiemetics
135:dehydration
4612:Categories
4522:Psoas sign
4354:Distension
4333:Baby colic
4265:encopresis
4256:Flatulence
4248:Defecation
4238:Nardi test
4197:Boas' sign
4090:Xerostomia
4085:Bad breath
4073:esophageal
4051:Pagophagia
4036:Aerophagia
3924:Peritoneal
3902:Incisional
3823:Congenital
3767:Hereditary
3744:Pancreatic
3708:Haemobilia
3381:Hemorrhoid
3359:Anal canal
3297:Infectious
3285:Functional
3120:Ulcerative
3004:Duodenitis
2943:Gastrinoma
2472:2019-12-12
2244:2024-01-20
2230:"Cannabis"
2215:2007-08-02
1998:2014-03-20
1972:24 January
1882:2015-01-11
1727:(Review).
1496:(Review).
1478:2010-02-15
1425:2021-02-20
1395:2021-02-20
1311:2015-10-11
1279:2016-11-26
1260:: 688–92.
1252:(Review).
1205:References
1083:doxylamine
1079:pyridoxine
1051:antiemetic
1013:succussion
915:splanchnic
885:neurokinin
712:Depression
680:Meningitis
665:Hemorrhage
660:Malignancy
648:Malignancy
440:meningitis
380:depression
320:antiemetic
316:ergotamine
215:(37%) and
155:depression
97:and other
4169:Accessory
4063:Dysphagia
4056:Geophagia
4031:Heartburn
3912:Richter's
3869:Spigelian
3864:Obturator
3854:Umbilical
3687:Ascending
3658:Bile duct
3491:Cirrhosis
3469:Hepatitis
3452:Accessory
3322:Proctitis
3173:Megacolon
3147:Dysentery
3057:Whipple's
3009:Jejunitis
2999:Enteritis
2886:Dyspepsia
2847:Gastritis
2780:Achalasia
2713:Esophagus
2341:August 1,
1920:: 79–94.
1661:0014-4819
1146:Prognosis
1126:lorazepam
1055:meclizine
1032:Treatment
977:achalasia
957:Diagnosis
949:from the
895:histamine
881:serotonin
796:Pregnancy
597:Cirrhosis
538:Hepatitis
416:hepatitis
336:pregnancy
326:Pregnancy
298:in food.
267:hepatitis
239:gastritis
111:dizziness
64:Specialty
4623:Vomiting
4437:Jaundice
4366:Bloating
4290:Diarrhea
4194:biliary:
4026:Vomiting
3842:Indirect
3837:Inguinal
3571:Pyogenic
3516:Vascular
3292:Diarrhea
3270:Volvulus
3236:Vascular
3175: /
3164: /
3125:Ischemic
3092:Appendix
2982:Duodenum
2852:Atrophic
2726:Candidal
2514:10793599
2459:19187673
2451:23550785
2407:16351526
2378:22560361
2335:archived
2296:26103030
2238:Archived
2190:11440936
2141:22229281
2133:11939912
2090:Archived
2086:25822385
2048:26411330
1992:Archived
1934:24161560
1876:Archived
1872:16556512
1796:20956226
1755:26770271
1706:24695505
1679:24961738
1622:17885701
1595:12635417
1560:17668843
1522:34881689
1514:27852116
1465:17885697
1419:Archived
1411:"ναυτία"
1389:Archived
1381:"ναυσία"
1366:27450627
1342:: 5–17.
1305:Archived
1301:"Nausea"
1270:Archived
1266:17885699
1188:See also
1181:vomiting
1094:Nabilone
877:dopamine
702:Anorexia
296:bacteria
119:fainting
115:migraine
57:vomiting
4376:Tympany
4371:Ascites
4304:Abdomen
4100:Burping
4003:abdomen
3883:Petit's
3859:Femoral
3762:Chronic
3576:Amoebic
3344:Anismus
3110:Colitis
3037:Coeliac
3014:Ileitis
2986:Jejunum
2839:Stomach
2743:Rupture
2628:D009325
2542:26 July
2039:6517141
1863:2658708
1746:4699282
1670:4112051
1357:5203950
1161:bulimia
921:nerves.
838:Alcohol
817:disease
811:Thyroid
769:Digoxin
708:nervosa
706:bulimia
670:Abscess
357:vertigo
183:, from
151:disgust
127:anxiety
22:malaise
4493:Hernia
4397:Masses
4021:Nausea
3877:Lumbar
3847:Direct
3830:Hiatus
3810:Hernia
3662:Other
3428:Melena
3314:Rectum
2797:(GERD)
2652:003117
2617:787.03
2568:nausea
2512:
2457:
2449:
2405:
2376:
2294:
2188:
2178:
2139:
2131:
2084:
2046:
2036:
1932:
1870:
1860:
1794:
1753:
1743:
1704:
1677:
1667:
1659:
1620:
1593:
1558:
1520:
1512:
1463:
1364:
1354:
1264:
1169:enamel
1140:Ginger
1132:, and
1111:cancer
1069:, and
1005:turgor
929:, the
917:, and
827:Toxins
801:Uremia
690:Rabies
448:rabies
208:Causes
198:nautia
194:nausia
189:ναυσία
181:nausea
77:Nausea
41:Nausea
4515:Other
4430:Other
4328:Colic
4177:liver
4013:tract
3802:Other
3757:Acute
3508:MASLD
3461:Liver
3435:Lower
3418:Upper
3260:Ileus
3096:Colon
2990:Ileum
2805:(LPR)
2602:R11.0
2532:WebMD
2466:(PDF)
2455:S2CID
2427:(PDF)
2181:34325
2137:S2CID
1966:(PDF)
1955:(PDF)
1518:S2CID
1472:(PDF)
1449:(PDF)
1273:(PDF)
1256:(9).
1246:(PDF)
1026:ileus
907:vagus
748:Drugs
723:Other
576:Other
185:Greek
178:Latin
145:, or
81:vomit
4311:Pain
4263:and
4041:Pica
3190:SCAD
2623:MeSH
2612:9-CM
2544:2012
2510:PMID
2447:PMID
2403:PMID
2374:PMID
2343:2013
2292:PMID
2264:JAMA
2186:PMID
2129:PMID
2098:2015
2082:PMID
2044:PMID
1974:2018
1930:PMID
1868:PMID
1792:PMID
1751:PMID
1702:PMID
1675:PMID
1657:ISSN
1618:PMID
1591:PMID
1556:PMID
1510:PMID
1461:PMID
1362:PMID
1262:PMID
1115:AIDS
1113:and
1081:and
1057:and
813:and
704:and
386:and
355:and
153:and
137:and
4001:or
3496:PBC
3223:IBD
3157:IBS
2608:ICD
2593:ICD
2500:doi
2439:doi
2395:doi
2364:doi
2282:hdl
2272:doi
2268:313
2176:PMC
2168:doi
2164:323
2160:BMJ
2121:doi
2034:PMC
2026:doi
1922:doi
1918:722
1858:PMC
1850:doi
1846:125
1782:doi
1778:122
1741:PMC
1733:doi
1665:PMC
1649:doi
1645:232
1583:doi
1502:doi
1352:PMC
1344:doi
1340:202
987:or
979:or
971:or
4614::
3660:/
3258::
3239::
3035::
2650::
2626::
2615::
2600::
2597:10
2530:.
2508:.
2496:84
2494:.
2490:.
2453:.
2445:.
2435:71
2433:.
2429:.
2401:.
2389:.
2372:.
2360:43
2358:.
2354:.
2333:,
2329:,
2319:,
2315:,
2304:^
2290:.
2280:.
2266:.
2262:.
2236:.
2232:.
2184:.
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2162:.
2158:.
2135:.
2127:.
2117:46
2115:.
2088:.
2078:91
2076:.
2072:.
2056:^
2042:.
2032:.
2020:.
2016:.
1957:.
1942:^
1928:.
1916:.
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1673:.
1663:.
1655:.
1643:.
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1552:76
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1498:11
1457:36
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1268:.
1254:36
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1128:,
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382:,
269:,
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233:,
200:,
192:–
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133:,
129:,
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4209:/
4179::
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3987:e
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