1481:
641:
894:
649:
628:; by rental or investment incomes; and by funds from other organizations within the religion, which in the past formed the traditional support of monasteries. There has been a long tradition of Christian monasteries providing hospitable, charitable and hospital services. Monasteries have often been associated with the provision of education and the encouragement of scholarship and research, which has led to the establishment of schools and colleges and the association with universities. Monastic life has adapted to modern society by offering computer services,
1591:
133:
1160:, and consisted of the most simple and bland foods e.g., poached fish, boiled oats. While they ate, scripture would be read from a pulpit above them. Since no other words were allowed to be spoken, monks developed communicative gestures. Abbots and notable guests were honoured with a seat at the high table, while everyone else sat perpendicular to that in the order of seniority. This practice remained when some monasteries became universities after the first millennium, and can still be seen at
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1791:
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601:
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1571:, is self-governing. It is located on an isolated peninsula approximately 20 miles (32 km) long and 5 miles (8.0 km) wide, and is administered by the heads of the 20 monasteries. Today the population of the Holy Mountain is around 2,200 men only and can only be visited by men with special permission granted by both the Greek government and the government of the Holy Mountain itself.
3355:
33:
275:
1526:
is a monastic community where monks live together, work together, and pray together, following the directions of an abbot and the elder monks. The concept of the cenobitic life is that when many men (or women) live together in a monastic context, like rocks with sharp edges, their "sharpness" becomes
1726:
monks and there are
Lutheran religious communities in Sweden and Germany. In the 1960s, experimental monastic groups were formed in which both men and women were members of the same house and also were permitted to be married and have children – these were operated on a communal form.
1725:
orders and the Orders of the Holy Cross, Order of St. Helena. Other
Protestant Christian denominations also engage in monasticism, particularly Lutherans in Europe and North America. For example, the Benedictine order of the Holy Cross at St Augustine's House in Michigan is a Lutheran order of
612:
and own little or no personal property. The degree to which life inside a particular monastery is socially separate from the surrounding populace can also vary widely; some religious traditions mandate isolation for purposes of contemplation removed from the everyday world, in which case members of
1153:. In between prayers, monks were allowed to sit in the cloister and work on their projects of writing, copying, or decorating books. These would have been assigned based on a monk's abilities and interests. The non-scholastic types were assigned to physical labour of varying degrees.
1171:
Monasteries were important contributors to the surrounding community. They were centres of intellectual progression and education. They welcomed aspiring priests to come and study and learn, allowing them even to challenge doctrine in dialogue with superiors. The earliest forms of
1988:
Islam discourages monasticism, which is referred to in the Quran as "an invention". However, the term "Sufi" is applied to Muslim mystics who, as a means of achieving union with Allah, adopted ascetic practices including wearing a garment made of coarse wool called "sf". The term
2049:
was heavily inspired by real-life accounts of
Orthodox monasticism. Parts of the novel focus in particular on the controversy surrounding the institution of "elderhood" in Orthodox Monasticism. Dostoyevsky's understanding of the tradition of elderhood is taken largely from
947:), which was called the "Holy City". Estimates are that upwards of 50,000 monks lived in this area at any one time. Hermitism never died out though, but was reserved only for those advanced monks who had worked out their problems within a cenobitic monastery.
780:
and elsewhere, practical concerns - including shrinking wilderness areas, lack of access to lay supporters, dangerous wildlife, and dangerous border conflicts - dictate that increasing numbers of "meditation" monks live in monasteries, rather than wandering.
720:, as well as in religious schools and universities founded by religious orders across the Buddhist world. In modern times, living a settled life in a monastery setting has become the most common lifestyle for Buddhist monks and nuns across the globe.
1661:
Church, which was founded in
England and then moved to the United States. In the 19th century many of these monastic societies were founded as Utopian communities based on the monastic model in many cases. Aside from the Shakers, there were the
760:, rather than to scholarship or ceremonial duties. Forest monasteries often function like early Christian monasteries, with small groups of monks living an essentially hermit-like life gathered loosely around a respected elder teacher. While the
617:. Some monastic communities are only occupied seasonally, depending both on the traditions involved and the local climate, and people may be part of a monastic community for periods ranging from a few days at a time to almost an entire lifetime.
1270:
192:
anything from a single building housing only one senior and two or three junior monks or nuns, to vast complexes and estates housing tens or hundreds. A monastery complex typically comprises a number of buildings which include a church,
2099:
1514:
monasticism, the
Eastern Orthodox do not have distinct religious orders, but a single monastic form throughout the Eastern Orthodox Church. Monastics, male or female, live away from the world, in order to pray for the world.
221:. Depending on the location, the monastic order and the occupation of its inhabitants, the complex may also include a wide range of buildings that facilitate self-sufficiency and service to the community. These may include a
428:
language el). Viharas may be occupied by men or women, and in keeping with common
English usage, a vihara populated by females may often be called a nunnery or a convent. However, vihara can also refer to a
1480:
686:
from disturbing new plant-growth or becoming stranded in inclement weather, they were instructed to remain in a fixed location for the roughly three-month period typically beginning in mid-July.
613:
the monastic community may spend most of their time isolated even from each other. Others focus on interacting with the local communities to provide services, such as teaching, medical care, or
1195:
monasteries instead of just using them as a stopover. By this time, they had sizeable libraries that attracted learned tourists. Families would donate a son in return for blessings. During the
876:
749:, where civil authorities permitted Buddhist monks to marry, the position of head of a temple or monastery sometimes became hereditary, passed from father to son over many generations.
716:, Buddhist monasteries gradually developed into centres of learning where philosophical principles were developed and debated; this tradition continues in the monastic universities of
1246:
1544:
is a small monastic establishment that usually consist of one elder and two or three disciples. In the skete most prayer and work are done in private, coming together on
Sundays and
559:
occupation of Greece and Cyprus, an "idiorrhythmic" lifestyle where monks come together but being able to own things individually and not being obliged to work for the common good.
1328:
1121:
The life of prayer and communal living was one of rigorous schedules and self-sacrifice. Prayer was their work, and the Office prayers took up much of a monk's waking hours –
2839:
745:, the ownership of a monastery often became vested in a single monk, who would often keep the property within the family by passing it on to a nephew ordained as a monk. In
733:, peasant families worked monastic-owned land in exchange for paying a portion of their yearly crop to the resident monks in the monastery, just as they would to a
723:
Whereas early monasteries are considered to have been held in common by the entire sangha, in later years this tradition diverged in a number of countries. Despite
3329:
1236:
640:
3385:
326:"alone" (originally all Christian monks were hermits); the suffix "-terion" denotes a "place for doing something". The earliest extant use of the term
2832:
1993:" comes from "sf" meaning the person, who wears "sf". But in the course of time, Sufi has come to designate all Muslim believers in mystic union.
1475:
924:
in which "solitary" monks lived close enough to one another to offer mutual support as well as gathering together on
Sundays for common services.
608:
In most religions, life inside monasteries is governed by community rules that stipulate the gender of the inhabitants and require them to remain
2439:
Dunn, Marilyn. The
Emergence of Monasticism: From the Desert Fathers to the Early Middle Ages. Malden, Mass.: Blackwell Publishers, 2000. p. 29.
893:
1082:
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which formed the nodal centres of under whose guidance the ancient Order of
Advaitin monks were re-organised under ten names of the
1619:
729:
prohibitions on possessing wealth, many monasteries became large landowners, much like monasteries in medieval Christian Europe. In
116:
2472:
3170:
1623:
1518:
Monasteries vary from the very large to the very small. There are three types of monastic houses in the Eastern Orthodox Church:
1362:
1332:
3183:
935:: having renunciates live together and worship together under the same roof. Some attribute his mode of communal living to the
2064:
54:
2306:
2036:. Convents for female monastics, or nunneries, were often portrayed as punishments for women unable or unwilling to marry.
389:
2524:
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travellers, monks were obligated also to care for their injuries or emotional needs. Over time, lay people started to make
3089:
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2860:
1690:
1471:
963:
492:
943:
in which Pachomios served as a young man. Soon the Egyptian desert blossomed with monasteries, especially around Nitria (
3339:
97:
1527:
worn away and they become smooth and polished. The largest monasteries can hold many thousands of monks and are called
3390:
3247:
3107:
3030:
2805:
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756:
traditions of Southeast Asia and Sri Lanka – are monasteries dedicated primarily to the study and cultivation of
69:
1653:
The last years of the 18th century marked in the Christian Church the beginnings of growth of monasticism among
1051:, from which the religious Order takes its name, in the eleventh century as an eremitical community, and remains the
254:
tends to be applied only to institutions of female monastics (nuns), particularly communities of teaching or nursing
1801:
heralded a new era in the world of Hinduism by reviving the lost faith in it and gave a firm doctrinal basis to the
2883:
1641:
50:
2032:'s abolition of monasticism in England and the contemporary abolition of monasticism in France in the wake of the
1839:
Later on, other famous Sri Vaishnava theologians and religious heads established various important mathas such as
1645:) are the oldest monasteries in the world and under the patronage of the Patriarch of the Coptic Orthodox Church.
1206:
monastery, where monks went to warm themselves. It was often the only room in the monastery where a fire was lit.
43:
2951:
2908:
2903:
2811:
1682:
1607:
620:
Life within the walls of a monastery may be supported in several ways: by manufacturing and selling goods, often
76:
2925:
2094:
1548:. Thus, skete life has elements of both solitude and community, and for this reason is called the "middle way".
959:
860:
811:
509:
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by Father Kliment Zeder-gol'm, from which he quotes directly in chapter 5, book 1 of the Brother's Karamazov.
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of an unbuilt abbey, providing for all of the needs of the monks within the confines of the monastery walls
83:
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487:
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165:
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132:
65:
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3213:
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3000:
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2159:
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In Hinduism, monks have existed for a long time, and with them, their respective monasteries, called
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801:
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137:
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2011:
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and communal life in which members shared all things communally and disavowed personal ownership.
1657:
denominations. The center of this movement was in the United States and Canada beginning with the
1069:
and founded several monasteries in the Holy Land. This way of life inspired the foundation of the
3359:
3298:
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1021:
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381:
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who lived apart from the lay community. Most cathedrals were not monasteries, and were served by
279:
2747:"Zedergol'm's Life of Elder Leonid of Optina As a Source of Dostoevsky's The Brothers Karamazov"
1805:
philosophy which had existed since time immemorial. He ensured the establishment of a number of
2010:
has as parts of its setting both a fictional monastery and nunnery in Spain at the time of the
1214:
3140:
2946:
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2719:
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2508:
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2414:
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2258:
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1397:
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1352:
1177:
1161:
1048:
1015:
910:
897:
Poustevník v jeskyni – Lochotínský park Plzeň "The hermit in the cave – Lochotín park Pilsen."
872:
840:
746:
713:
369:
364:, which were communal but not monastic. However, some were run by monasteries orders, such as
185:
177:
1873:
of Nimbarkacharya is popular in North, West and East India and has several important Mathas.
1555:
is a monk who practises asceticism but lives in solitude rather than in a monastic community.
3059:
3015:
2993:
2920:
2848:
2758:
2669:"The Hidden History of Northanger Abbey: Jane Austen and the Dissolution of the Monasteries"
2576:
2406:
2207:
2024:
1779:
1663:
1443:
1382:
1342:
1279:
1196:
1173:
1044:
797:
742:
730:
2449:
3132:
2988:
2852:
2817:
2124:
2114:
1802:
1735:
1710:
1511:
1501:
1451:
1416:
1296:
1157:
1130:
218:
152:
is a building or complex of buildings comprising the domestic quarters and workplaces of
2961:
2395:"The Making of Monastic Demonology: Three Ascetic Teachers on Withdrawal and Resistance"
2291:
Crowley, John (February 2013). "Madame and the Masters: Blavatsky's cosmic soap opera".
1462:
rarely use the term "monastery" at present, preferring to call their house a "friary".
404:
is used generically to refer to any of a number of types of religious community. In the
3238:
3010:
2983:
2970:
2932:
2915:
1436:
1223:
1142:
1029:
1007:
944:
765:
405:
361:
295:
129:
Complex of buildings comprising the domestic quarters and workplace(s) of monks or nuns
90:
2795:
1184:
by way of the interconnected monasteries. Since monasteries offered respite for weary
693:
retreats took place in pavilions and parks that wealthy supporters had donated to the
600:
3374:
3334:
3276:
3044:
2593:
2235:
2144:
1947:
1933:
1846:
1810:
1694:
1409:
1316:
1110:
1062:
1025:
2800:
2796:
Public Domain photographs and texts, and information regarding medieval monasteries.
1579:
248:
is generally used to denote the buildings of a community of monks. In modern usage,
1952:
1922:
1851:
1768:
1603:
1568:
1534:
1368:
1308:
1102:
1070:
768:
and by his disciples continues to be the ideal model for forest-tradition monks in
632:
services and management as well as modern hospital and educational administration.
621:
412:, there is a somewhat more specific definition of the term and many related terms.
365:
210:
2580:
2314:
3293:
3079:
2109:
2104:
2019:
2015:
1914:
1897:
1718:
1698:
1560:
1459:
1403:
1338:
1302:
1292:
1260:
1230:
1090:
1052:
1040:
989:
373:
283:
153:
32:
3354:
1614:(whose Patriarch is considered first among equals for the following churches),
992:(~350), and from this monastery the cenobitic tradition spread in Mesopotamia,
879:
in 1950–1951. As of 2020 the relocated monastery in India houses around 8,000.
17:
3314:
3005:
2272:
2250:
2154:
2119:
2069:
2029:
1939:
1817:
1722:
1714:
1667:
1654:
1506:
1392:
1250:
1239:, priests and brothers, all of whom live together like monks according to the
981:
940:
921:
675:
629:
614:
548:
513:
2770:
2723:
2684:
2645:
2484:
2418:
2371:
2219:
172:). A monastery generally includes a place reserved for prayer which may be a
3286:
3271:
3264:
3074:
1884:
1878:
1827:
1545:
1066:
1011:
977:
825:
777:
753:
717:
683:
544:
540:
536:
385:
354:
202:
194:
644:
Taktsang Palphug Monastery aka Paro Taktsang aka Tiger's Nest, July 2016 13
2211:
2100:
List of monasteries of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate)
697:. Over the years, the custom of staying on property held in common by the
274:
3206:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3049:
2571:
Christopher Melchert, "Origins and Early Sufism", in Lloyd Ridgeon, ed.,
2134:
2006:
1971:
1943:
1833:
1798:
1686:
1671:
1523:
1264:
1203:
1150:
1078:
1003:
985:
971:
936:
821:
761:
667:
609:
563:
448:
440:
415:
409:
214:
198:
189:
2731:
2707:
2692:
2668:
2653:
2629:
2379:
2355:
2227:
2195:
526:, and a very large or important monastery can be given the dignity of a
3324:
3054:
2426:
2394:
2337:"Monks under siege in monasteries as protest ends in a hail of gunfire"
2079:
1967:
1926:
1658:
1497:
1432:
1185:
1146:
1086:
997:
967:
831:
815:
773:
679:
585:
556:
250:
238:
222:
206:
169:
141:
2778:
2746:
1331:, also known as Sisters of the Annunciation or Annociades, founded by
670:, emerged sometime around the fourth century BCE from the practice of
388:. They are also to be distinguished from collegiate churches, such as
3281:
3259:
3197:
3122:
3069:
2873:
2708:"Fantasy and Reality in Fictional Convents of the Eighteenth Century"
2149:
2139:
1990:
1903:
1564:
1552:
1420:
1312:
1181:
1122:
1058:
993:
914:
734:
725:
694:
658:
589:
579:
571:
552:
497:
482:
463:
430:
420:
357:
350:
226:
181:
173:
2410:
674:, a retreat undertaken by Buddhist monastics during the South Asian
229:, and a range of agricultural and manufacturing buildings such as a
2762:
1767:. Important among them are the chatur-amnaya mathas established by
1295:, stresses manual labour in self-subsistent monasteries. See also:
3228:
3193:
3039:
1918:
1893:
1861:
1806:
1789:
1764:
1756:
1750:
1589:
1578:
1541:
1529:
1479:
1428:
1263:, with monks and nuns (both of the Original Observance and of the
1213:
1156:
The main meal of the day took place around noon, often taken at a
1134:
1126:
1106:
1101:
1074:
906:
892:
853:
844:
835:
785:
671:
647:
639:
599:
567:
528:
522:
477:
472:
458:
435:
335:
273:
259:
234:
131:
1199:, monks helped to till the fields and provide food for the sick.
266:. Various religions may apply these terms in more specific ways.
3233:
3145:
2614:"The Neoplatonist Roots of Sufi Philosophy" by Kamuran Godelek,
1821:
1138:
793:
663:
625:
575:
501:
444:
425:
230:
157:
2821:
1670:, and others. Many did allow marriage but most had a policy of
1014:(483), and this is considered the mother of all monasteries of
871:
Buddhist monasteries include some of the largest in the world.
384:
preserves elements of the Benedictine tradition. See the entry
3252:
1956:
804:
named its initial New York City meeting-place "the Lamasery".
505:
453:
331:
255:
161:
26:
2356:"Hermit to Cenobitic: A Study in Early Christian Monasticism"
2257:, A pathway to social justice?, UCL Press, pp. 101–129,
709:, in which monks and nuns resided year-round in monasteries.
1559:
One of the great centres of Eastern Orthodox monasticism is
1484:Тrinity Monatsery in Chernihiv as viewed from the bell tower
535:
The great communal life of a Christian monastery is called
1305:, best known as the Poor Clares (of all the observances);
652:
Mendicant Monk Sitting on Xindong Street, Taipei 20140103
1681:, leading to the foundation of such institutions as the
1504:
is the same (though nuns wear an extra veil, called the
920:
A transitional form of monasticism was later created by
1361:, also known as Turchine Nuns or Blue Nuns, founded by
2814: – UOC Synod Commission for Monasteries
2808: – UOC Synod Commission for Monasteries
2450:"Манастирът в с. Златна Ливада – най-старият в Европа"
2014:. Many have interpreted Lewis' novel as a critique of
1287:, known as the Benedictine monks and nuns, founded by
2745:
Stanton, Leonard J.; Zedergol'm; Dostoevsky (1990).
1813:
creed at different important centres of pilgrimage.
1329:
Order of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary
433:. In Tibetan Buddhism, monasteries are often called
3307:
3169:
3131:
3088:
3024:
2969:
2859:
1677:In the 19th-century monasticism was revived in the
792:, with their monks sometimes (mistakenly) known as
408:religion and to some extent in certain branches of
262:(reflecting the Latin), now more commonly called a
57:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1371:, known as Bridgettine nuns and monks, founded by
520:, a very small monastic community can be called a
875:in Tibet housed around 10,000 monks prior to the
2630:"Social Hierarchy in Matthew Lewis's "the Monk""
1980:, had its own monasteries since 5th century BC.
752:Forest monasteries – most commonly found in the
1351:, also known as the Conceptionists, founded by
1117:, shown here as rebuilt after World War II
950:The idea caught on, and other places followed:
859:For a further list of Buddhist monasteries see
2833:
2473:"In Egyptian desert, cells of earliest monks"
1738:, particularly among evangelical Christians.
1237:Canons Regular of the Order of the Holy Cross
258:. Historically, a convent denoted a house of
8:
1381:, known as the Visitandine nuns, founded by
372:was for a short time a cathedral, and was a
2840:
2826:
2818:
2360:Proceedings of the Indian History Congress
2028:in an out of use monastery, reflecting on
1341:, a hermitical religious order founded by
1319:, known as the Hieronymite monks and nuns;
1065:decided to go and live a hermit's life in
2549:"The Quranic Arabic Corpus – Translation"
1180:, and was spread to musicians throughout
117:Learn how and when to remove this message
1537:, work and meals are all done in common.
555:. There has also been, mostly under the
349:was also applied to the habitation of a
2452:(in Bulgarian). LiterNet. 30 April 2004
2172:
2022:sets the latter half of her 1818 novel
1496:, both monks and nuns follow a similar
1476:Degrees of Eastern Orthodox monasticism
1419:use the monastic terms of monastery or
964:the first Christian monastery in Europe
913:. Originally, all Christian monks were
1202:A Warming House is a common part of a
1028:in Italy (529), which was the seed of
2251:"The alternative: Monastic education"
1594:Betremariam Monastery (Tana) Entrance
807:Famous Buddhist monasteries include:
7:
2594:"The Origin and Evolution of Sufism"
1877:Nimbarakacharya Peeth at Salemabad,
1612:Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria
1379:Order of the Visitation of Holy Mary
1323:Order of Saint Paul the First Hermit
1226:developed within Roman Catholicism:
55:adding citations to reliable sources
2200:Libraries & the Cultural Record
2196:"The Genesis of Monastic Libraries"
1866:Ukhra Nimbarka Peeth Mahanta Asthal
1707:Community of the Glorious Ascension
1359:Order of the Most Holy Annunciation
1083:Monastery of Santa María del Parral
1032:monasticism in general, and of the
1000:, Georgia and even India and China.
3386:Religious buildings and structures
1794:Parakala Mutt – as it stands today
1616:Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church
1458:), meaning "gathering place". The
1349:Order of the Immaculate Conception
917:seldom encountering other people.
512:is any monastery belonging to the
25:
2616:20th World Congress of Philosophy
2335:Macartney, Jne (March 12, 2008).
1832:Tirumala Pedda Jeeyangar Mutt at
1826:Sriranga Narayana Jeeyar Mutt at
1633:The monasteries of St. Macarius (
1620:Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church
1602:churches, distinguished by their
1253:(from the Ancient Observance and
500:). It may be a community of men (
418:monasteries are generally called
3353:
2960:
2507:, p. 134 (Chalice Press, 2008).
2505:Hitchhiker's Guide to Evangelism
2471:Slackman, Michael (2005-09-29).
1363:Maria Vittoria De Fornari Strata
784:Tibetan Buddhist monasteries or
470:A Christian monastery may be an
31:
1325:, known as the Pauline Fathers;
1176:are attributed to a monk named
656:Buddhist monasteries, known as
42:needs additional citations for
2712:Comparative Literature Studies
2525:"The Quran, sura 57, verse 27"
2065:Dissolution of the monasteries
2052:Life of Elder Leonid of Optina
1271:Monks and Sisters of Bethlehem
318:"to live alone" from the root
1:
2706:Rogers, Katharine M. (1985).
2573:Cambridge Companion to Sufism
2181:"Online Etymology Dictionary"
1974:
1734:There is a growing Christian
1691:Community of the Resurrection
1472:Eastern Christian monasticism
1369:Order of the Most Holy Savior
3340:List of religious institutes
2581:10.1017/CCO9781139087599.003
2194:Peterson, Herman A. (2010).
1218:Mont-Saint-Michel vu du ciel
476:(i.e., under the rule of an
2628:Watkins, Daniel P. (1986).
2255:Myanmar’s Education Reforms
2090:List of abbeys and priories
1500:discipline, and even their
1006:organized the monks of the
543:(or anchoritic) life of an
390:St George's Chapel, Windsor
244:In English usage, the term
184:, and may also serve as an
3407:
1902:Howrah Nimbarka Ashram at
1469:
966:circa 344 near modern-day
931:who developed the idea of
886:
624:products; by donations or
461:, a monastery is called a
451:, a monastery is called a
340:On The Contemplative Life,
3348:
2958:
2952:Society of apostolic life
2673:Religion & Literature
2592:Khanam, Dr (2011-06-01).
1997:Monasteries in literature
1883:Kathia Baba ka Sthaan at
1683:House of the Resurrection
1608:Armenian Apostolic Church
1024:founded the monastery of
954:Upon his return from the
330:is by the 1st century AD
2667:Moore, Roger E. (2011).
2095:List of Buddhist temples
1606:beliefs, consist of the
1398:Premonstratensian canons
1339:Order of the Carthusians
1010:in a monastery close to
960:Athanasius of Alexandria
901:According to tradition,
861:list of Buddhist temples
2354:Goswami, Anita (2005).
1917:(eight monasteries) of
1494:Eastern Catholic Church
1490:Eastern Orthodox Church
1427:, the term used by the
1387:Jane Frances de Chantal
1285:Order of Saint Benedict
1098:Western Medieval Europe
1034:Order of Saint Benedict
980:founded a monastery on
788:are sometimes known as
678:. To prevent wandering
566:monasteries are called
3360:Catholicism portal
3330:Vocational discernment
3320:Foolishness for Christ
2393:Brakke, David (2001).
2313:. Lori. Archived from
2042:The Brothers Karamazov
1867:
1795:
1760:
1628:Syriac Orthodox Church
1624:Indian Orthodox Church
1595:
1587:
1533:. In the cenobium the
1485:
1455:
1447:
1415:While in English most
1219:
1118:
1113:, originally built by
898:
701:as a whole during the
653:
645:
605:
588:use the Buddhist term
578:, or most commonly an
287:
145:
2529:www.perseus.tufts.edu
2503:Bill Tenny-Brittian,
2307:"Tibet in Louisville"
2212:10.1353/lac.2010.0001
2075:Intentional community
1865:
1793:
1759:, Vidyasankara Temple
1754:
1593:
1582:
1483:
1309:Order of Saint Jerome
1303:Order of Saint Claire
1241:Rule of St. Augustine
1222:A number of distinct
1217:
1105:
933:cenobitic monasticism
903:Christian monasticism
896:
889:Christian monasticism
707:cenobitic monasticism
705:retreat evolved into
651:
643:
604:Procession monastique
603:
486:(under the rule of a
345:In England, the word
277:
135:
3103:Liturgy of the Hours
2979:Evangelical counsels
2634:Studies in the Novel
2249:Lall, Marie (2021),
2004:' 1796 Gothic Novel
1925:(Madhwa acharya), a
1890:Ukhra Mahanta Asthal
1773:Dashanami Sampradaya
1431:for their houses is
1400:("The White Canons")
1166:Cambridge University
802:Theosophical Society
539:, as opposed to the
518:Eastern Christianity
490:), or conceivably a
376:monastery until the
188:, or in the case of
164:, whether living in
138:Monastery of Varlaam
51:improve this article
2879:Religious institute
2130:Rota (architecture)
1871:Nimbarka Sampradaya
1639:) and St. Anthony (
1410:Valliscaulian monks
929:Pachomius the Great
850:Tengboche Monastery
762:wandering lifestyle
758:Buddhist meditation
718:Vajrayana Buddhists
496:(the dwelling of a
144:, Thessaly, Greece.
3391:Total institutions
2869:Consecrated virgin
2806:Monasteries Search
2751:The Russian Review
2477:The New York Times
2047:Fyodor Dostoyevsky
2039:In the 1880 novel
1868:
1858:Nimbarka Vaishnava
1796:
1761:
1596:
1588:
1486:
1406:("The Grey Monks")
1289:Benedict of Nursia
1220:
1119:
1115:Benedict of Nursia
1022:Benedict of Nursia
956:Council of Serdica
899:
689:These early fixed
654:
646:
606:
288:
280:Plan of Saint Gall
146:
3368:
3367:
3141:Clerical clothing
2947:Secular institute
2513:978-0-8272-1454-5
2311:Spiritual Travels
2264:978-1-78735-387-9
2085:Krishnapura matha
2034:French Revolution
1679:Church of England
1642:Deir Mar Antonios
1600:Oriental Orthodox
1584:Haghpat Monastery
1575:Oriental Orthodox
1404:Tironensian monks
1373:Bridget of Sweden
1353:Beatrice of Silva
1247:Carmelite hermits
1178:Notker of St Gall
1162:Oxford University
1049:Grande Chartreuse
1016:Eastern Orthodoxy
911:Anthony the Great
873:Drepung Monastery
841:Shaolin Monastery
370:Westminster Abbey
256:religious sisters
127:
126:
119:
101:
16:(Redirected from
3398:
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3016:Vow of enclosure
2964:
2849:Consecrated life
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2177:
2025:Northanger Abbey
1979:
1976:
1921:were founded by
1843:Vanamamalai Mutt
1780:Ramakrishna Math
1636:Deir Abu Makaria
1466:Eastern Orthodox
1417:mendicant Orders
1383:Francis de Sales
1343:Bruno of Cologne
1280:Francis of Paola
1261:Cistercian Order
1255:Discalced branch
1174:musical notation
1045:Bruno of Cologne
1043:were founded by
877:Chinese invasion
798:Helena Blavatsky
743:Tibetan Buddhism
731:Chinese Buddhism
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1999:
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1977:
1965:
1912:
1860:
1803:Vishishtadvaita
1788:
1749:
1747:Advaita Vedanta
1744:
1736:neo-monasticism
1732:
1711:Ewell Monastery
1651:
1577:
1502:religious habit
1478:
1470:Main articles:
1468:
1425:Latin languages
1297:Cluniac Reforms
1276:Order of Minims
1224:monastic orders
1212:
1158:refectory table
1100:
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294:comes from the
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2790:External links
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2763:10.2307/130525
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2399:Church History
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1251:Carmelite nuns
1244:
1234:
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1137:, daily Mass,
1099:
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1094:
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1036:in particular.
1030:Roman Catholic
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1008:Judaean Desert
1001:
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945:Wadi El Natrun
887:Main article:
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2366:: 1329–1335.
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2317:on 2017-11-07
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1111:Monte Cassino
1108:
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1093:of the Order.
1092:
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1080:
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1063:Paula of Rome
1060:
1057:
1055:of the Order.
1054:
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1026:Monte Cassino
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1017:
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763:
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627:
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596:Monastic life
595:
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38:
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3025:
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2715:
2711:
2701:
2679:(1): 55–80.
2676:
2672:
2662:
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2315:the original
2310:
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2254:
2244:
2203:
2199:
2189:
2175:
2051:
2040:
2038:
2023:
2005:
2000:
1987:
1966:
1953:Gokarna Math
1923:Madhvacharya
1913:
1869:
1852:Ahobila Mutt
1838:
1797:
1769:Adi Shankara
1762:
1733:
1676:
1652:
1640:
1634:
1632:
1630:of Antioch.
1597:
1569:Vatican City
1558:
1535:daily office
1528:
1517:
1505:
1487:
1439:
1414:
1221:
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1170:
1155:
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1071:Hieronymites
962:established
949:
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900:
883:Christianity
870:
858:
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789:
783:
751:
724:
722:
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702:
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690:
688:
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655:
622:agricultural
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510:charterhouse
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366:York Minster
346:
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327:
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263:
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149:
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113:
104:
94:
87:
80:
73:
61:
49:Please help
44:verification
41:
3381:Monasteries
3294:Lay brother
3080:Scriptorium
2110:Mount Athos
2105:Monasticism
2020:Jane Austen
2016:Catholicism
2012:Inquisition
1915:Ashta matha
1898:West Bengal
1719:Benedictine
1699:Benedictine
1668:Anabaptists
1561:Mount Athos
1460:Franciscans
1435:, from the
1393:Passionists
1293:Scholastica
1231:Camaldolese
1190:pilgrimages
1091:motherhouse
1053:motherhouse
1041:Carthusians
990:Mesopotamia
378:Reformation
374:Benedictine
328:monastērion
308:monasterios
304:μοναστήριος
302:, neut. of
300:μοναστήριον
284:ground plan
190:communities
166:communities
66:"Monastery"
3375:Categories
3315:Asceticism
3189:Provincial
3113:Meditation
3006:Solemn vow
3001:Profession
2921:Mendicants
2812:Google-map
2558:2017-11-02
2534:2017-11-02
2490:2024-05-04
2321:2013-02-11
2278:2024-05-03
2167:References
2155:Wudangshan
2120:Pilgrimage
2070:Ecovillage
2030:Henry VIII
1940:Kashi Math
1818:Emar Matha
1723:Franciscan
1715:Cistercian
1655:Protestant
1604:Miaphysite
1546:feast days
1510:). Unlike
1507:apostolnik
982:Mount Izla
941:Roman Army
790:lamaseries
766:the Buddha
676:wet season
630:accounting
615:evangelism
551:life of a
541:anchoretic
516:order. In
514:Carthusian
380:, and its
168:or alone (
77:newspapers
3287:Postulant
3265:Anchorite
3118:Mysticism
3075:Refectory
3065:Hermitage
3026:Monastery
2994:Obedience
2894:Cenobitic
2771:0036-0341
2724:0010-4132
2685:0888-3769
2646:0039-3827
2485:0362-4331
2419:0009-6407
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2236:161518883
2220:1932-4855
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1879:Rajasthan
1828:Srirangam
1586:, Armenia
1440:conventus
1423:, in the
1067:Bethlehem
1012:Bethlehem
978:Mar Awgin
905:began in
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778:Sri Lanka
754:Theravada
545:anchorite
537:cenobitic
493:hermitage
402:monastery
400:The term
386:cathedral
355:cathedral
347:monastery
342:ch. III.
292:monastery
290:The word
270:Etymology
246:monastery
215:infirmary
203:refectory
195:dormitory
154:monastics
150:monastery
3239:Basilian
3207:Prioress
3179:Superior
3161:Vestment
3156:Scapular
3151:Cornette
3050:Cloister
2989:Chastity
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2732:40246570
2693:23049354
2654:29532407
2380:44145947
2293:Harper's
2228:25750346
2135:Shivalli
2058:See also
2007:The Monk
1972:Mahavira
1944:Varanasi
1834:Tirupati
1799:Ramanuja
1742:Hinduism
1721:orders,
1687:Mirfield
1672:celibacy
1524:cenobium
1448:convento
1267:reform);
1265:Trappist
1210:Catholic
1204:medieval
1151:Compline
1079:Portugal
1004:Mar Saba
986:Nusaybin
972:Bulgaria
937:barracks
822:Jetavana
770:Thailand
668:Sanskrit
636:Buddhism
610:celibate
564:Hinduism
549:eremitic
547:and the
480:), or a
449:Thailand
441:Cambodia
416:Buddhist
410:Buddhism
353:and the
316:monazein
312:μονάζειν
211:balneary
199:cloister
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3224:Brother
3184:General
3171:Members
3055:Convent
2984:Poverty
2899:Chapter
2851:in the
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2427:3654409
2080:Khanqah
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1963:Jainism
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1498:ascetic
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1456:couvent
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1197:plagues
1186:pilgrim
1147:Vespers
1089:is the
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1047:at the
998:Armenia
968:Chirpan
939:of the
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915:hermits
832:Nalanda
828:(India)
818:, China
816:Jiangxi
774:Myanmar
741:and in
666:and in
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382:Chapter
251:convent
239:brewery
237:, or a
223:hospice
219:granges
207:library
186:oratory
170:hermits
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91:scholar
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3282:Oblate
3277:Master
3272:Novice
3260:Hermit
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3198:Abbess
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2779:130525
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994:Persia
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726:vinaya
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358:clergy
351:bishop
332:Jewish
282:, the
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178:church
174:chapel
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2775:JSTOR
2728:JSTOR
2689:JSTOR
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2423:JSTOR
2376:JSTOR
2269:JSTOR
2232:S2CID
2224:JSTOR
1919:Udupi
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1135:Terce
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1107:Abbey
1075:Spain
909:with
907:Egypt
854:Nepal
845:China
836:India
794:lamas
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703:vassa
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568:matha
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502:monks
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436:gompa
396:Terms
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320:μόνος
310:from
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296:Greek
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180:, or
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2767:ISSN
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2458:2012
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