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outside a set limit from the last transmitted value. Digital (status) values observe a similar technique and only transmit groups (bytes) when one included point (bit) changes. Another method used is where a subordinate unit initiates an update of data upon a predetermined change in analog or digital data. Complete data transmission must be performed periodically, with either method, to ensure full synchronization and eliminate stale data. Most communication protocols support both methods, programmable by the installer.
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system to simplify deployment and to provide redundancy for safety reasons. An RTU in a modern water management system will typically have code to modify its behavior when physical override switches on the RTU are toggled during maintenance by maintenance personnel. This is done for safety reasons;
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An RTU may consist of one complex circuit card consisting of various sections needed to do a custom-fitted function, or may consist of many circuit cards including a CPU or processing with communications interface(s), and one or more of the following: (AI) analog input, (DI) digital (status) input,
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Data transfer may be initiated from either end using various techniques to ensure synchronization with minimal data traffic. The master may poll its subordinate unit (Master to RTU or RTU to IED) for changes of data on a periodic basis. Analog value changes will usually be reported only on changes
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Most RTUs incorporate an input section or input status cards to acquire two state real-world information. This is usually accomplished by using an isolated voltage or current source to sense the position of a remote contact (open or closed) at the RTU site. This contact position may represent many
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project), they are required to operate under harsh conditions, and implement energy-saving measures (such as switching off IO modules when not in use). For example, it communicates via RS485 or wireless communication links in a multi-drop configuration. In this type of configuration it is a remote
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While not as commonly used, analog outputs may be included to control devices that require varying quantities, such as graphic recording instruments (strip charts). Summed or processed data quantities may be generated in a master SCADA system and output for display locally or remotely, wherever
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RTUs may drive high current capacity relays to a digital output (or "DO") board to switch power on and off to devices in the field. The DO board switches voltage to the coil in the relay, which closes the high current contacts, which completes the power circuit to the device.
234:, 0–10 V., ±2.5 V, ±5.0 V etc. Many RTU inputs buffer larger quantities via transducers to convert and isolate real-world quantities from sensitive RTU input levels. An RTU can also receive analog data via a communication system from a master or IED (
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An RTU monitors the field digital and analog parameters and transmits data to a SCADA Master
Station. It runs setup software to connect data input streams to data output streams, define communication protocols, and troubleshoot installation problems in the field.
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IED communications transfer data between the RTU and an IED (Intelligent
Electronic Devices) . This can eliminate the need for many hardware status inputs, analog inputs, and relay outputs in the RTU. Communications are accomplished by copper or
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Master communications usually occur between an RTU and a larger control system or a data collection system (incorporated into a larger system). Data may be moved using a copper, fibre optic or radio frequency communication system.
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A form of power supply will be included for operation from the AC mains for various CPU, status wetting voltages and other interface cards. This may consist of AC to DC converters where operated from a station battery system.
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The RTU or host system translates and scales this raw data into the appropriate units such as the quantity of water left, temperature degrees, or
Megawatts, before presenting the data to the user via the
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programming standard for programmable logic controllers. Since RTUs may be routinely deployed in pipeline and grid guarding systems, or in other hard-to-reach or extreme environments (for example in the
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a miscommunication between the system operators and the maintenance personnel could cause system operators to mistakenly enable power to a water pump when it is being replaced, for example.
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RTUs may include a battery and charger circuitry to continue operation in event of AC power failure for critical applications where a station battery is not available.
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different devices, including electrical breakers, liquid valve positions, alarm conditions, and mechanical positions of devices. Counter inputs are optional.
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An RTU might even be a small process control unit with a small database for PID, Alarming, Filtering, Trending and other functions complemented with some
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data to a master system, and by using messages from the master supervisory system to control connected objects. Other terms that may be used for RTU are
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unit that collects data and performs simple control tasks. It does not have moving parts and uses extremely low power and is often solar powered.
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Maintenance personnel should have any equipment they are working on disconnected from power and locked to prevent damage and/or injury.
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RTU outputs may also consist of driving a sensitive logic input on an electronic
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Oil and gas (offshore platforms, onshore oil wells, pumpstations on pipelines)
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An RTU can monitor analog inputs of different types including 0-1 mA,
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Networks of pump stations (wastewater collection, or for water supply)
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Practical modern SCADA Protocols: DNP3, 60870.5 and related systems
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Electrical power transmission networks and associated equipment
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An RTU may be interfaced to multiple master stations and IEDs (
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Multiple RTUs or IEDs may share a communications line, in a
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Hydro-graphic (water supply, reservoirs, sewage systems)
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Remote monitoring of functions and instrumentation for:
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systems (pollution, air quality, emissions monitoring)
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
477:Gordon R. Clarke, Deon Reynders, Edwin Wright,
416:Natural gas networks and associated equipment
339:etc.) to interface any third party software.
27:Computer peripheral to collect telemetry data
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120:Learn how and when to remove this message
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407:of functions and instrumentation for:
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58:adding citations to reliable sources
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250:Digital (control relay) outputs
45:needs additional citations for
301:Intelligent Electronic Devices
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503:Gemini 3 Remote Terminal Unit
405:Remote monitoring and control
238:) sending data values to it.
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275:Software and logic control
153:distributed control system
232:4–20 mA current loop
444:Digital protective relay
391:Environmental monitoring
244:human–machine interface
217:Digital (status) inputs
169:remote telecontrol unit
419:Outdoor warning sirens
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69:"Remote terminal unit"
367:Master communications
165:remote telemetry unit
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141:remote terminal unit
54:improve this article
18:Remote Terminal Unit
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110:December 2011
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65:Find sources:
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376:Applications
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52:Please help
47:verification
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489:pages 19-21
333:IEC 60870-6
325:IEC 60870-5
198:Biosphere 2
193:IEC 61131-3
512:Categories
465:References
439:Telemetric
396:Mine sites
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523:Telemetry
337:IEC 61850
161:telemetry
433:See also
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189:BASIC
157:SCADA
101:JSTOR
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422:The
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73:news
449:IED
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281:DCS
260:PLC
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