492:
433:
3865:
3840:
739:
2565:
1244:, is engaged in providing evidence based policy recommendations for policy formulation on science, technology and other fields ensuring the research/innovation eco-system of the country. Accordingly, the Division undertake science, technology and innovation policy research in the areas of importance to make recommendations for policy formulation.
970:. Research councils are funding bodies that are government-funded agencies engaged in the support of research in different disciplines and postgraduate funding. Funding from research councils is typically competitive. As a general rule, more funding is available in science and engineering disciplines than in the arts and social sciences.
448:
848:. Each X-project built an aircraft whose only purpose was to develop a particular technology. The plan was to build a few cheap aircraft of each type, fly a test series, often to the destruction of an aircraft, and never design an aircraft for a practical mission. The only mission was technology development.
1153:
Other funding authorities are the
Defence Research Development Organisation (DRDO), the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), the Department of Ocean Development (DOD), the Indian Council for Social Science Research (ICSSR), and the Ministry of
831:
In contrast, technology development is a policy in which engineering, the application of science, is supported rather than basic science. The emphasis is usually given to projects that increase important strategic or commercial engineering knowledge. The most extreme success story is undoubtedly the
598:
in China. General levies of labor and grain were collected to fund great public works in China, including the accumulation of grain for distribution in times of famine, for the building of levees to control flooding by the great rivers of China, for the building of canals and locks to connect rivers
562:, universities, and other research institutions. In addition, science policy is increasingly international as defined by the global operations of firms and research institutions as well as by the collaborative networks of non-governmental organizations and of the nature of scientific inquiry itself.
1149:
Research funding by the
Government of India comes from a number of sources. For basic science and technology research, these include the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Department of Science and Technology (DST), and University Grants Commission (UGC). For medical research,
614:
In Italy, Galileo noted that individual taxation of minute amounts could fund large sums to the State, which could then fund his research on the trajectory of cannonballs, noting that "each individual soldier was being paid from coin collected by a general tax of pennies and farthings, while even a
885:
In contrast, monumental science is a policy in which science is supported for the sake of a greater understanding of the universe, rather than for specific short-term practical goals. This designation covers both large projects, often with large facilities, and smaller research that does not have
914:
any existing knowledge, and to find new practical ways to apply the available knowledge. The classic success stories of this method occurred in the 19th century U.S. land-grant universities, which established a strong tradition of research in practical agricultural and engineering methods. More
881:
for larger numbers of people. This approach would mainly consider the numbers of people that can be helped by a research policy. Research is more likely to be supported when it costs less and has greater benefits. Utilitarian research often pursues incremental improvements rather than dramatic
815:
Basic science attempts to stimulate breakthroughs. Breakthroughs often lead to an explosion of new technologies and approaches. Once the basic result is developed, it is widely published; however conversion into a practical product is left for the free market. However, many governments have
553:
Science policy thus deals with the entire domain of issues that involve science. A large and complex web of factors influences the development of science and engineering that includes government science policymakers, private firms (including both national and multi-national firms),
886:
obvious practical applications and are often overlooked. While these projects may not always have obvious practical outcomes, they provide education of future scientists, and advancement of scientific knowledge of lasting worth about the basic building blocks of science.
530:. Science policy focuses on knowledge production and role of knowledge networks, collaborations, and the complex distributions of expertise, equipment, and know-how. Understanding the processes and organizational context of generating novel and innovative
889:
Practical outcomes do result from many of these "monumental" science programs. Sometimes these practical outcomes are foreseeable and sometimes they are not. A classic example of a monumental science program focused towards a practical outcome is the
902:. The breakthrough with the maser led to the creation of the laser in 1960 by Theodore Maiman. The delay between the theory of coherent light and the production of the laser was partially due to the assumption that it would be of no practical use.
1116:
addresses global challenges of pivotal importance for the well-being of
European citizens within the context of sustainable development and environmental protection. Research and innovation in Europe is financially supported by the programme
1295:, that decisions about what to spend research funds on should be made by researchers rather than politicians, is still influential in research policy. There are several university departments with a focus on science policy, such as the
948:). Much of this is not intended to provide concrete results that may be commercialisable, although research in scientific fields may lead to results that have such potential. Most university research is aimed at gaining publication in
843:
These exemplify two disparate approaches: The
Manhattan Project was huge, and spent freely on the most risky alternative approaches. The project members believed that failure would result in their enslavement or destruction by
1203:
The
Government of Pakistan has mandated that a certain percentage of gross revenue generated by all telecom service providers be allocated to development and research of information and communication technologies. The
1150:
these include the Indian
Council for Medical Research (ICMR), CSIR, DST and Department of Biotechnology (DBT). For applied research, these include the CSIR, DBT and Science and Engineering Research Council (SERC).
927:
Most developed countries usually have a specific national body overseeing national science (including technology and innovation) policy. Many developing countries follow the same fashion. Many governments of
866:. Many observers believe that the Japanese tried to force engineering beyond available science by brute investment. Half the amount spent on basic research rather might have produced ten times the result.
1377:. Further decisions are made by the various federal agencies which spend the funds allocated by Congress, either on in-house research or by granting funds to outside organizations and researchers.
693:, director of the office of scientific research and development for the U.S. government in July 1945, wrote "Science is a proper concern of government" Vannevar Bush directed the forerunner of the
1043:
855:
failed to meet its cost or flight schedule goals. Most observers explain the project as over constrained: the cost goals too aggressive, the technology and mission too underpowered and undefined.
664:, and State funding of universities of their respective nations. In the United States, a member of the National Academy of Sciences can sponsor a Direct Submission for publication in the
3067:
1046:(CNPq, Portuguese: Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientĂfico e TecnolĂłgico), an organization of the Brazilian federal government under the Ministry of Science and Technology, and
1179:
1313:
1071:
1113:
919:
prevented mass famine over the last thirty years. The focus, unsurprisingly, is usually on developing a robust curriculum and inexpensive practical methods to meet local needs.
3873:
910:
This policy approach prioritizes efficiently teaching all available science to those who can use it, rather than investing in new science. In particular, the goal is not to
1325:
1066:, a system which integrates the scientific resources of member nations and acts as a "common market" for research and innovation. The European Union's executive body, the
1007:
3883:
3878:
2597:
2422:
1621:
1365:
has a long history of government support for science and technology. Science policy in the United States is the responsibility of many organizations throughout the
2426:
1733:
1003:
666:
2418:
2239:
4285:
4305:
4020:
3060:
987:
4310:
1451:
4190:
657:
629:
had a formative effect on science policy with his identification of "experiments of ... light, more penetrating into nature ", which today we call the
4195:
4175:
3200:
1343:
1023:
859:
599:
of China, some of which flowed in opposite directions to each other, and for the building of bridges across these rivers. These projects required a
1237:
3868:
3053:
3034:
2745:
1476:
1366:
1217:
898:. Coherent light, the principle behind lasing, was first predicted by Einstein in 1916, but not created until 1954 by Charles H. Townes with the
502:
is concerned with the allocation of resources for the conduct of science towards the goal of best serving the public interest. Topics include the
4230:
3985:
2635:
1011:
495:
Graphical summary of a position paper on proposed changes to science policy in the
Netherlands around academic incentive and reward structures
4260:
4235:
4180:
4100:
3918:
2459:
2394:
2361:
2328:
2295:
2262:
2182:
1456:
2149:
4315:
4270:
4130:
4120:
4000:
3960:
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1952:
1337:
1319:
1307:
1050:(FAPESP, Portuguese: Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo), a public foundation located in the state of São Paulo, Brazil.
721:
have a commitment to public knowledge, access to this public knowledge in physics led directly to CERN's sponsorship of development of the
53:
4320:
4245:
4140:
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4015:
3990:
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1391:
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4300:
4215:
4165:
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3125:
3115:
3097:
2215:
1605:
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1504:
1264:
1192:
778:
476:
2034:
1170:(IRCSET) and the Irish Research Council for the Humanities and Social Sciences (IRCHSS) were merged to form the IRC in March 2012.
4295:
4290:
4265:
4255:
4220:
4200:
4160:
4145:
4125:
4115:
4090:
4060:
4045:
3995:
3975:
3497:
1220:. Now science in Russia is supported by state and private funds. From the state: the Russian Humanitarian Scientific Foundation (
1195:(SOFA), a novel method of distributing research funds which proponents believe may have advantages compared to the grant system.
1047:
1015:
4250:
4240:
4210:
4170:
4155:
4110:
4095:
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4005:
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2042:
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756:
90:
491:
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1102:
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developed risk-taking research and development organizations to take basic theoretical research over the edge into practical
760:
515:
58:
4355:
2630:
1827:
1397:
1331:
1205:
840:. Another remarkable success story was the "X-vehicle" studies that gave the US a lasting lead in aerospace technologies.
559:
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4370:
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3623:
3551:
3251:
3180:
1509:
1491:
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675:
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of science, begun in the nineteenth century, was partly enabled by the creation of scientific organizations such as the
1031:
2738:
2667:
2657:
1441:
1403:
1094:
983:
694:
136:
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3601:
2773:
1163:
591:
749:
3911:
3851:
3808:
3803:
3778:
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3683:
3678:
2951:
2569:
2079:
1496:
1486:
1446:
1083:
571:
3238:
3688:
3591:
3185:
1409:
805:
661:
547:
511:
308:
4375:
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3708:
3536:
3487:
2876:
1241:
863:
519:
94:
2175:
Science, the endless frontier : a report to the
President on a Program for Postwar Scientific Research
1380:
Research funding agencies in the United States are spread among many different departments, which include:
3718:
3703:
3663:
3435:
3258:
3004:
2731:
1063:
809:
273:
1078:
provides independent scientific and technical advice to the
European Commission and Member States of the
3815:
3783:
3758:
3643:
3596:
3492:
3470:
3460:
3445:
3385:
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3345:
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2712:
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1426:
1098:
1075:
595:
469:
384:
228:
73:
68:
1093:
There are also
European science agencies that operate independently of the European Union, such as the
641:
which exists to this day. British prizes for research spurred the development of an accurate, portable
3904:
3730:
3673:
3576:
3556:
3514:
3430:
3425:
3400:
3325:
3092:
3009:
2884:
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2113:
1918:
1760:
1300:
1282:
638:
527:
341:
323:
258:
3723:
3713:
3571:
3541:
3465:
3450:
3410:
3405:
3330:
3215:
2768:
1471:
1186:
1067:
718:
653:
604:
539:
253:
148:
86:
3839:
2257:. Smith, Tobin L., 1969-, McCormick, Jennifer B., 1966-. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
932:
provide considerable funds (primarily to universities) for scientific research (in fields such as
812:
is a newer concept that seeks to bridge the gap between basic science and practical applications.
3768:
3638:
3440:
3340:
3335:
3120:
2925:
2912:
2794:
2692:
2465:
2412:
2233:
1934:
1784:
1436:
1087:
642:
630:
503:
63:
43:
894:. An example of a monumental science program that produces unexpected practical outcome is the
4365:
3856:
3820:
3455:
3390:
3360:
2965:
2850:
2829:
2822:
2625:
2455:
2400:
2390:
2367:
2357:
2334:
2324:
2301:
2291:
2268:
2258:
2221:
2211:
2188:
2178:
2131:
1874:
1802:
1776:
1714:
1633:
1406:: fundamental research and education in all the non-medical fields of science and engineering.
1292:
929:
891:
833:
710:
682:
634:
626:
452:
399:
389:
313:
163:
105:
3773:
3748:
3648:
3509:
3504:
3285:
2999:
2930:
2858:
2702:
2687:
2647:
2445:
2121:
1926:
1864:
1768:
1224:), the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (www.rfbr.ru), the Russian Science Foundation (
959:
952:
916:
801:
462:
394:
263:
183:
124:
48:
2022:
882:
advancements in knowledge, or break-through solutions, which are more commercially viable.
645:, which directly enabled reliable navigation and sailing on the high seas, and also funded
3788:
3633:
3611:
3380:
3295:
3280:
3014:
2940:
2935:
2836:
2802:
2783:
2778:
2652:
2615:
1726:
1251:, the national experts, researchers, public universities and non-governmental bodies like
1106:
646:
623:
555:
523:
364:
359:
349:
238:
195:
131:
2521:
2117:
1922:
1764:
1695:
Howell, Elizabeth; April 30, Space com Contributor |; ET, 2015 12:46am (30 April 2015).
3846:
3753:
3546:
3482:
3395:
3355:
3195:
3155:
3029:
3019:
2920:
2894:
2815:
2697:
2662:
1650:
1600:
1288:
1079:
1059:
963:
874:
837:
797:
722:
702:
576:
437:
354:
114:
674:
serves as a channel to recognize research of importance to at least one member of the
4344:
3658:
3628:
3566:
3367:
3315:
3310:
3220:
2973:
2899:
2863:
2808:
2754:
2620:
2526:
2469:
1938:
1906:
1362:
1019:
852:
821:
690:
686:
619:
600:
318:
3896:
1788:
3618:
3477:
3415:
3150:
2958:
2682:
1638:
1431:
1267:(SNSF), the innovation promotion agency CTI (CTI/KTI), Ressortforschung des Bundes
1118:
845:
583:
432:
168:
141:
3045:
1772:
1696:
1661:
1546:
Dangerous Science: Science Policy and Risk Analysis for Scientists and Engineers
3653:
3350:
3320:
3305:
3170:
3165:
2889:
2788:
2442:
Dangerous Science Science: Policy and Risk Analysis for Scientists and Engineers
2008:
1466:
1461:
1421:
967:
949:
817:
738:
543:
535:
293:
200:
188:
178:
119:
2126:
2101:
1930:
1853:"The (ir)rational consideration of the cost of science in transition economies"
17:
3586:
3581:
3526:
3190:
3160:
3142:
3024:
2843:
2354:
Frontiers of illusion : science, technology, and the politics of progress
1869:
1852:
1138:
608:
419:
298:
288:
278:
248:
153:
2404:
2371:
2338:
2305:
2272:
2192:
3763:
3230:
3205:
3084:
2225:
1748:
1674:
979:
941:
878:
698:
507:
409:
173:
2135:
2056:
1878:
1780:
862:
met every technological goal, but failed to produce commercially important
796:
The programs that are funded are often divided into four basic categories:
2564:
2575:
1540:
Frontiers Of Illusion: Science, Technology, and the Politics of Progress
586:
and science for thousands of years, dating at least from the time of the
538:
ideas is a core concern of science policy. Science policy topics include
414:
303:
205:
158:
2547:
1268:
1162:
Irish funding councils include the Irish Research Council (IRC) and the
1082:(EU) in support of EU policies. There is also the recently established
1074:, which is responsible for the Union's science policy. In addition, the
3107:
2288:
The honest broker : making sense of science in policy and politics
1617:
1134:
945:
937:
933:
763: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
587:
531:
243:
33:
3740:
2385:
Marburger, John H., III (John Harmen), 1941-2011 (10 February 2015).
2255:
Beyond Sputnik : U.S. science policy in the twenty-first century
1481:
1167:
1027:
999:
579:
2208:
Pasteur's quadrant : basic science and technological innovation
685:, intellectual infrastructure for industrial research, by providing
2497:
1828:"Titanpointe: The NSA's Spy Hub in New York, Hidden in Plain Sight"
1255:, also provides expert advice on policy matters to the Government.
1240:, which was established as a statutory body, through an Act of the
2021:
See Horizon 2020 – the EU's new research and innovation programme
1534:
The Honest Broker: Making Sense of Science in Policy and Politics
1385:
1369:. Much of the large-scale policy is made through the legislative
899:
895:
877:
policies prioritize scientific projects that significantly reduce
851:
A number of high-profile technology developments have failed. The
825:
706:
490:
283:
233:
1248:
2723:
2450:
714:
223:
3900:
3049:
2727:
2579:
1995:"FAPESP - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo"
1528:
Pasteur's Quadrant: Basic Science and Technological Innovation
1271:
697:, and his writings directly inspired researchers to invent the
1189:
1168:
Irish Research Council for Science, Engineering and Technology
732:
268:
1044:
National Council for Scientific and Technological Development
1994:
1236:
Science and Technology Policy Research Division (STPRD) of
1002:, the three main research councils ("Tri-Council") are the
615:
million of gold would not suffice to pay the entire army."
590:, who inspired the study of logic during the period of the
2177:(Repr ed.). Washington: National Science Foundation.
1662:
Vannevar Bush (July 1945), "Science, the Endless Frontier"
1014:(CIHR). Additional research funding agencies include the
2023:
http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_MEMO-13-1085_en.htm
1976:
1531:
Beyond Sputnik: U.S. Science Policy in the 21st Century
940:) as well as social science research (in fields such as
713:
stack. In the same way that scientific consortiums like
709:
initiative to support computing was the impetus for the
2080:"NETHERLANDS: A radical new way do fund science | BIEN"
1180:
Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
594:, and the study of defensive fortifications during the
2483:
1314:
Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council
1252:
1114:
European environmental research and innovation policy
510:, and the translation of scientific discoveries into
1221:
1216:
Under the Soviet Union, much research was routinely
3739:
3525:
3294:
3229:
3141:
3106:
3083:
2982:
2761:
2150:"Science & Technology Policy Research Division"
1042:In Brazil, two important research agencies are the
1907:"Reform retractions to make them more transparent"
1326:Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council
1253:National Academy of Sciences of Sri Lanka (NASSL)
1225:
1183:
1121:, which is also open to participation worldwide.
1008:Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council
681:Public policy can directly affect the funding of
1090:set up to support investigator-driven research.
958:A funding body is an organisation that provides
1004:Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council
667:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
2389:. Crease, Robert P. Cambridge, Massachusetts.
2323:. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
1826:Gallagher, Ryan; Moltke, Henrik (2016-11-16).
3912:
3061:
2739:
2591:
2498:"Science and Public Policy | Oxford Academic"
1129:German research funding agencies include the
607:, some of whom demonstrated great mastery of
470:
8:
1263:Swiss research funding agencies include the
1191:. In 2016, the Netherlands began trials for
988:National Health and Medical Research Council
870:Utilitarian versus monumental science policy
2421:) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1675:"R&D in the President's FY 2011 Budget"
1452:List of books about the politics of science
1384:Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (
3919:
3905:
3897:
3068:
3054:
3046:
2746:
2732:
2724:
2598:
2584:
2576:
2548:"Journal of Science Policy and Governance"
2425:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
2417:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2238:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2210:. Brookings Institution. Washington, D.C.
689:to those organizations who fund research.
477:
463:
101:
29:
2449:
2356:. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
2290:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
2125:
1868:
1563:Journal of Science Policy and Governance
1344:Science and Technology Facilities Council
1024:Sustainable Development Technology Canada
982:, the two main research councils are the
860:fifth generation computer systems project
779:Learn how and when to remove this message
2102:"Who would you share your funding with?"
1732:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1178:Dutch research funding agencies include
1803:"Ground X-Vehicle Technologies (GXV-T)"
1571:
1477:Office of Science and Technology Policy
1270:, and Eidgenössische Stiftungsaufsicht
215:
104:
32:
2410:
2231:
2009:"EU Science Hub - European Commission"
1722:
1712:
1012:Canadian Institutes of Health Research
725:and standard Internet access for all.
2154:National Science Foundation Sri Lanka
1851:Vuong, Quan-Hoang (January 1, 2018).
1457:List of funding opportunity databases
1238:the National Science Foundation (NSF)
7:
1624:, Salviati, first day of the dialogs
1338:Natural Environment Research Council
1320:Economic and Social Research Council
1308:Arts and Humanities Research Council
761:adding citations to reliable sources
3562:Digital media use and mental health
3276:Sociology of the history of science
1357:Science policy of the United States
1154:Environment and Forests (MEF) etc.
2484:"Issues in Science and Technology"
1392:United States Department of Energy
1030:and several Tri-Council supported
25:
3927:Science and technology by country
3271:Sociology of scientific ignorance
3116:History and philosophy of science
3098:Economics of scientific knowledge
1606:Science and Civilisation in China
1581:Science and Civilisation in China
1554:Issues in Science and Technology
1505:Self-Organized Funding Allocation
1299:. There are seven grant-awarding
1265:Swiss National Science Foundation
1208:was established in January 2007.
1193:Self-Organized Funding Allocation
1032:Networks of Centres of Excellence
808:, and facilities and equipment.
3864:
3863:
3838:
2563:
2440:Rozell, Daniel J. (2020-02-04).
1072:Directorate-General for Research
1016:Canada Foundation for Innovation
824:, this function is performed by
737:
446:
431:
2100:Bollen, Johan (8 August 2018).
1131:Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
748:needs additional citations for
3077:Science and technology studies
2643:Patient and public involvement
1525:Science the Endless Frontier.
1103:European Higher Education Area
729:Philosophies of science policy
582:has influenced the funding of
560:non-governmental organizations
516:commercial product development
1:
2631:Participatory action research
2286:Pielke, Roger A. Jr. (2007).
2078:Coelho, Andre (16 May 2017).
1537:How Economics Shapes Science
1398:National Institutes of Health
1048:SĂŁo Paulo Research Foundation
792:Basic versus applied research
3624:Normalization process theory
3181:Philosophy of social science
2352:Sarewitz, Daniel R. (1996).
2321:How economics shapes science
1773:10.1126/science.220.4597.576
1510:Intellectual property policy
1492:Right to science and culture
1297:Science Policy Research Unit
676:National Academy of Sciences
658:National Academy of Sciences
633:. Governmental approval of
2668:Science by press conference
2658:Public awareness of science
2522:"Research Policy | Journal"
1895:Harry N. Abrams Inc, 58-63.
1893:Physics In The 20th Century
1442:History of military science
1404:National Science Foundation
1095:European Science Foundation
1086:, the first European Union
1062:is carried out through the
984:Australian Research Council
695:National Science Foundation
4397:
3247:construction of technology
2319:Stephan, Paula E. (2012).
2206:Stokes, Donald E. (1997).
2127:10.1038/d41586-018-05887-3
1931:10.1038/d41586-020-01694-x
1905:Vuong, Quan-Hoang (2020).
1651:PNAS Submission Guidelines
1557:Science and Public Policy
1354:
1280:
1164:Science Foundation Ireland
1058:The science policy of the
592:Hundred Schools of Thought
569:
254:Interdisciplinary sciences
3932:
3834:
3779:Politicization of science
2611:
1870:10.1038/s41562-017-0281-4
1497:Science of science policy
1487:Politicization of science
1447:History of science policy
1206:National ICT R&D Fund
1084:European Research Council
572:History of science policy
3186:Philosophy of technology
3035:Public policy by country
2173:Bush, Vannevar. (1960).
2059:. Irish Research Council
1749:"Technology Development"
1543:Science Policy Up Close
1410:Office of Naval Research
1332:Medical Research Council
662:Kaiser Wilhelm Institute
548:environmental monitoring
512:technological innovation
309:Research and development
2387:Science policy up close
2253:Neal, Homer A. (2008).
1953:"Public funding bodies"
1578:Francesca Bray (1984),
1373:of enacting the yearly
1242:Parliament of Sri Lanka
906:Scholastic conservation
864:artificial intelligence
3259:Sociology of knowledge
3005:Public policy doctrine
2606:Science and the public
1857:Nature Human Behaviour
1747:Gomory, Ralph (1983).
1064:European Research Area
810:Translational research
496:
216:Extrascientific fields
3826:Transition management
3816:Technology assessment
3784:Regulation of science
3759:Evidence-based policy
3644:Sociotechnical system
3493:Traditional knowledge
3373:Psychology of science
3346:Mapping controversies
3252:shaping of technology
3211:Social constructivism
3176:Philosophy of science
3133:History of technology
2995:Public administration
2990:Evidence-based policy
2713:The Amateur Scientist
2678:Science communication
1427:Evidence-based policy
1400:: biomedical research
1099:European Space Agency
1076:Joint Research Centre
596:Warring States period
494:
453:Philosophy portal
385:Science communication
229:Communication studies
4356:Innovation economics
3731:Women in engineering
3577:Financial technology
3557:Digital anthropology
3326:Criticism of science
3239:Actor–network theory
3201:Religion and science
3093:Economics of science
3010:Public policy school
2572:at Wikimedia Commons
1891:Suplee, Curt (1999)
1283:Research Councils UK
1133:, which covers both
757:improve this article
639:scientific community
528:economic development
342:Scientific integrity
324:Vocational education
259:Knowledge management
149:Behavioural sciences
4381:Research management
4371:Politics of science
4286:Trinidad and Tobago
3572:Engineering studies
3542:Cyborg anthropology
3331:Demarcation problem
3216:Social epistemology
2118:2018Natur.560..143B
2035:"Interdisciplinary"
1923:2020Natur.582..149V
1765:1983Sci...220..576G
1472:Operations research
1068:European Commission
930:developed countries
719:high-energy physics
654:professionalization
540:weapons development
3852:History of science
3769:Funding of science
3639:Skunkworks project
3336:Double hermeneutic
3121:History of science
2693:Science journalism
2444:. Ubiquity Press.
1957:Graduate Prospects
1725:has generic name (
1673:Clemins, Patrick.
1437:Funding of science
1367:federal government
631:crucial experiment
504:funding of science
497:
438:Science portal
4361:Politics by issue
4338:
4337:
3894:
3893:
3821:Technology policy
3552:Dematerialization
3361:black swan events
3043:
3042:
2968:
2961:
2954:
2915:
2908:
2879:
2872:
2853:
2846:
2839:
2832:
2825:
2818:
2811:
2797:
2721:
2720:
2626:March for Science
2568:Media related to
2461:978-1-911529-88-0
2396:978-0-674-41709-0
2363:978-1-4399-0372-8
2330:978-0-674-04971-0
2297:978-0-511-27948-5
2264:978-0-472-02745-3
2184:978-1-59740-026-8
1759:(4597): 576–580.
1634:Sir Francis Bacon
1394:Office of Science
1301:Research Councils
1293:Haldane principle
1222:http://www.rfh.ru
1105:, created by the
953:academic journals
892:Manhattan project
834:Manhattan Project
789:
788:
781:
711:Internet Protocol
683:capital equipment
635:the Royal Society
627:Sir Francis Bacon
506:, the careers of
487:
486:
400:Scientific method
390:Science education
331:
330:
314:Strategic studies
106:Scientific fields
16:(Redirected from
4388:
4191:Papua New Guinea
3921:
3914:
3907:
3898:
3867:
3866:
3842:
3794:Right to science
3774:Horizon scanning
3749:Academic freedom
3649:Technical change
3510:Women in science
3505:Unity of science
3286:Strong programme
3070:
3063:
3056:
3047:
3000:Public budgeting
2964:
2957:
2950:
2911:
2904:
2877:Renewable energy
2875:
2868:
2849:
2842:
2835:
2828:
2821:
2814:
2807:
2793:
2748:
2741:
2734:
2725:
2703:Science outreach
2688:Science festival
2648:Physics outreach
2600:
2593:
2586:
2577:
2567:
2552:
2551:
2544:
2538:
2537:
2535:
2534:
2518:
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2164:
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2090:
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2086:
2075:
2069:
2068:
2066:
2064:
2053:
2047:
2046:
2041:. Archived from
2031:
2025:
2019:
2013:
2012:
2011:. 12 March 2024.
2005:
1999:
1998:
1991:
1985:
1984:
1973:
1967:
1966:
1964:
1963:
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1792:
1744:
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1737:
1730:
1724:
1720:
1718:
1710:
1708:
1707:
1697:"What Is DARPA?"
1692:
1686:
1685:
1683:
1681:
1670:
1664:
1659:
1653:
1648:
1642:
1631:
1625:
1622:Two New Sciences
1615:
1609:
1598:
1592:
1576:
1560:Research Policy
1010:(NSERC) and the
960:research funding
917:Green Revolution
853:US Space Shuttle
802:applied research
784:
777:
773:
770:
764:
741:
733:
556:social movements
479:
472:
465:
451:
450:
449:
436:
435:
395:Research funding
264:Language studies
196:Applied sciences
132:Natural sciences
102:
30:
21:
4396:
4395:
4391:
4390:
4389:
4387:
4386:
4385:
4341:
4340:
4339:
4334:
3928:
3925:
3895:
3890:
3830:
3789:Research ethics
3735:
3634:Reverse salient
3528:
3521:
3297:
3290:
3281:Sociotechnology
3225:
3137:
3102:
3079:
3074:
3044:
3039:
3015:Policy analysis
2978:
2757:
2752:
2722:
2717:
2653:Popular science
2636:Community-based
2616:Citizen science
2607:
2604:
2560:
2555:
2546:
2545:
2541:
2532:
2530:
2520:
2519:
2515:
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2439:
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2298:
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2230:
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2077:
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2055:
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2020:
2016:
2007:
2006:
2002:
1993:
1992:
1988:
1975:
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1961:
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1628:
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1577:
1573:
1569:
1552:
1523:
1518:
1516:Further reading
1418:
1359:
1353:
1285:
1279:
1261:
1234:
1214:
1201:
1176:
1174:The Netherlands
1160:
1147:
1127:
1107:Bologna process
1056:
1040:
996:
976:
964:research grants
962:in the form of
925:
908:
872:
838:nuclear weapons
836:that developed
794:
785:
774:
768:
765:
754:
742:
731:
624:Lord Chancellor
574:
568:
524:economic growth
520:competitiveness
483:
447:
445:
430:
425:
424:
380:
379:
370:
369:
365:Research ethics
360:Logical fallacy
350:Reproducibility
345:
344:
333:
332:
169:Anthropological
115:Formal sciences
99:
98:
78:
54:Article indexes
28:
23:
22:
18:Research Policy
15:
12:
11:
5:
4394:
4392:
4384:
4383:
4378:
4376:Public finance
4373:
4368:
4363:
4358:
4353:
4351:Science policy
4343:
4342:
4336:
4335:
4333:
4328:
4323:
4318:
4313:
4308:
4306:United Kingdom
4303:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4258:
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4243:
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4218:
4213:
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4188:
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4178:
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4168:
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4158:
4153:
4148:
4143:
4138:
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4098:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4021:Czech Republic
4018:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3930:
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3926:
3924:
3923:
3916:
3909:
3901:
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3891:
3889:
3888:
3887:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3861:
3860:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3835:
3832:
3831:
3829:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3812:
3811:
3806:
3799:Science policy
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3754:Digital divide
3751:
3745:
3743:
3737:
3736:
3734:
3733:
3728:
3727:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3698:
3697:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3670:Technological
3668:
3667:
3666:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3615:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3547:Design studies
3544:
3539:
3533:
3531:
3523:
3522:
3520:
3519:
3518:
3517:
3507:
3502:
3501:
3500:
3490:
3485:
3483:Scientometrics
3480:
3475:
3474:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3420:
3419:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3364:
3363:
3356:Paradigm shift
3353:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3302:
3300:
3292:
3291:
3289:
3288:
3283:
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3273:
3268:
3267:
3266:
3256:
3255:
3254:
3249:
3241:
3235:
3233:
3227:
3226:
3224:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3196:Postpositivism
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3156:Antipositivism
3153:
3147:
3145:
3139:
3138:
3136:
3135:
3130:
3129:
3128:
3126:and technology
3118:
3112:
3110:
3104:
3103:
3101:
3100:
3095:
3089:
3087:
3081:
3080:
3075:
3073:
3072:
3065:
3058:
3050:
3041:
3040:
3038:
3037:
3032:
3030:Youth services
3027:
3022:
3020:Policy studies
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2986:
2984:
2980:
2979:
2977:
2976:
2971:
2970:
2969:
2962:
2955:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2917:
2916:
2909:
2906:Pharmaceutical
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2881:
2880:
2873:
2870:Nuclear energy
2861:
2856:
2855:
2854:
2847:
2840:
2833:
2826:
2819:
2812:
2800:
2799:
2798:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2774:Climate change
2771:
2765:
2763:
2759:
2758:
2753:
2751:
2750:
2743:
2736:
2728:
2719:
2718:
2716:
2715:
2710:
2708:Science policy
2705:
2700:
2698:Science museum
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2663:Public science
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2639:
2638:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2612:
2609:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2602:
2595:
2588:
2580:
2574:
2573:
2570:Science policy
2559:
2558:External links
2556:
2554:
2553:
2539:
2513:
2489:
2475:
2460:
2432:
2395:
2377:
2362:
2344:
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2245:
2216:
2198:
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2165:
2141:
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2070:
2048:
2045:on 2010-08-29.
2039:www.unom.ac.in
2026:
2014:
2000:
1986:
1968:
1944:
1897:
1884:
1843:
1818:
1794:
1739:
1687:
1665:
1654:
1643:
1626:
1610:
1601:Joseph Needham
1593:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1551:
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1479:
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1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1417:
1414:
1413:
1412:
1407:
1401:
1395:
1389:
1375:federal budget
1371:budget process
1355:Main article:
1352:
1349:
1348:
1347:
1341:
1335:
1329:
1323:
1317:
1311:
1289:United Kingdom
1281:Main article:
1278:
1277:United Kingdom
1275:
1260:
1257:
1233:
1230:
1226:http://rscf.ru
1213:
1210:
1200:
1197:
1175:
1172:
1159:
1156:
1146:
1143:
1126:
1123:
1080:European Union
1060:European Union
1055:
1054:European Union
1052:
1039:
1036:
995:
992:
975:
972:
924:
921:
915:recently, the
907:
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798:basic research
793:
790:
787:
786:
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743:
736:
730:
727:
723:World Wide Web
703:computer mouse
687:tax incentives
570:Main article:
567:
564:
500:Science policy
485:
484:
482:
481:
474:
467:
459:
456:
455:
427:
426:
423:
422:
417:
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405:Science policy
402:
397:
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355:Cognitive bias
352:
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40:
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27:Form of policy
26:
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14:
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10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4393:
4382:
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4319:
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4311:United States
4309:
4307:
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4164:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3931:
3922:
3917:
3915:
3910:
3908:
3903:
3902:
3899:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3871:
3870:
3862:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3844:
3841:
3837:
3836:
3833:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3801:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3746:
3744:
3742:
3738:
3732:
3729:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3701:
3699:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3671:
3669:
3665:
3662:
3661:
3660:
3659:Technoscience
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3629:Media studies
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3589:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3567:Early adopter
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3537:Co-production
3535:
3534:
3532:
3530:
3524:
3516:
3513:
3512:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3499:
3496:
3495:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3423:
3421:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3386:communication
3384:
3382:
3379:
3378:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3368:Pseudoscience
3366:
3362:
3359:
3358:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3316:Boundary-work
3314:
3312:
3311:Bibliometrics
3309:
3307:
3304:
3303:
3301:
3299:
3293:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3265:
3262:
3261:
3260:
3257:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3244:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3236:
3234:
3232:
3228:
3222:
3221:Transhumanism
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3148:
3146:
3144:
3140:
3134:
3131:
3127:
3124:
3123:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3113:
3111:
3109:
3105:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3090:
3088:
3086:
3082:
3078:
3071:
3066:
3064:
3059:
3057:
3052:
3051:
3048:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2987:
2985:
2981:
2975:
2972:
2967:
2963:
2960:
2956:
2953:
2949:
2948:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2914:
2910:
2907:
2903:
2902:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2885:Environmental
2883:
2878:
2874:
2871:
2867:
2866:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2852:
2848:
2845:
2841:
2838:
2834:
2831:
2827:
2824:
2820:
2817:
2813:
2810:
2806:
2805:
2804:
2801:
2796:
2792:
2791:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2766:
2764:
2760:
2756:
2755:Public policy
2749:
2744:
2742:
2737:
2735:
2730:
2729:
2726:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2637:
2634:
2633:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2621:Conversazione
2619:
2617:
2614:
2613:
2610:
2601:
2596:
2594:
2589:
2587:
2582:
2581:
2578:
2571:
2566:
2562:
2561:
2557:
2549:
2543:
2540:
2529:
2528:
2527:ScienceDirect
2523:
2517:
2514:
2503:
2499:
2493:
2490:
2485:
2479:
2476:
2471:
2467:
2463:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2443:
2436:
2433:
2428:
2424:
2420:
2414:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2392:
2388:
2381:
2378:
2373:
2369:
2365:
2359:
2355:
2348:
2345:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2326:
2322:
2315:
2312:
2307:
2303:
2299:
2293:
2289:
2282:
2279:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2260:
2256:
2249:
2246:
2241:
2235:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2217:0-8157-8178-4
2213:
2209:
2202:
2199:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2180:
2176:
2169:
2166:
2155:
2151:
2145:
2142:
2137:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2112:(7717): 143.
2111:
2107:
2103:
2096:
2093:
2081:
2074:
2071:
2058:
2052:
2049:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2030:
2027:
2024:
2018:
2015:
2010:
2004:
2001:
1996:
1990:
1987:
1982:
1978:
1972:
1969:
1958:
1954:
1948:
1945:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1917:(7811): 149.
1916:
1912:
1908:
1901:
1898:
1894:
1888:
1885:
1880:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1847:
1844:
1833:
1832:The Intercept
1829:
1822:
1819:
1808:
1807:www.darpa.mil
1804:
1798:
1795:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1743:
1740:
1735:
1728:
1723:|first2=
1716:
1702:
1698:
1691:
1688:
1676:
1669:
1666:
1663:
1658:
1655:
1652:
1647:
1644:
1641:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1614:
1611:
1608:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1594:
1591:
1590:
1586:
1583:
1582:
1575:
1572:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1558:
1555:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1541:
1538:
1535:
1532:
1529:
1526:
1520:
1515:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:Small Science
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1408:
1405:
1402:
1399:
1396:
1393:
1390:
1387:
1383:
1382:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1363:United States
1358:
1351:United States
1350:
1345:
1342:
1339:
1336:
1333:
1330:
1327:
1324:
1321:
1318:
1315:
1312:
1309:
1306:
1305:
1304:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1284:
1276:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1266:
1258:
1256:
1254:
1250:
1245:
1243:
1239:
1231:
1229:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1211:
1209:
1207:
1198:
1196:
1194:
1190:
1188:
1187:Agentschap NL
1184:
1181:
1173:
1171:
1169:
1165:
1157:
1155:
1151:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1091:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1045:
1037:
1035:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1020:Genome Canada
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
993:
991:
989:
985:
981:
973:
971:
969:
965:
961:
956:
954:
951:
950:peer reviewed
947:
943:
939:
935:
931:
922:
920:
918:
913:
905:
903:
901:
897:
893:
887:
883:
880:
876:
869:
867:
865:
861:
858:The Japanese
856:
854:
849:
847:
841:
839:
835:
829:
827:
823:
819:
813:
811:
807:
803:
799:
791:
783:
780:
772:
769:November 2010
762:
758:
752:
751:
746:This section
744:
740:
735:
734:
728:
726:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
691:Vannevar Bush
688:
684:
679:
677:
673:
669:
668:
663:
659:
655:
650:
649:'s computer.
648:
644:
640:
637:recognized a
636:
632:
628:
625:
621:
620:Great Britain
616:
612:
610:
606:
602:
601:civil service
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
578:
573:
565:
563:
561:
557:
551:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
493:
489:
480:
475:
473:
468:
466:
461:
460:
458:
457:
454:
443:
439:
434:
429:
428:
421:
418:
416:
413:
411:
408:
406:
403:
401:
398:
396:
393:
391:
388:
386:
383:
382:
374:
373:
366:
363:
361:
358:
356:
353:
351:
348:
347:
343:
337:
336:
325:
322:
320:
319:Urban studies
317:
315:
312:
310:
307:
305:
302:
300:
297:
295:
292:
290:
287:
285:
282:
280:
277:
275:
272:
270:
267:
265:
262:
260:
257:
255:
252:
250:
247:
245:
242:
240:
237:
235:
232:
230:
227:
225:
222:
221:
220:
219:
214:
207:
204:
202:
199:
198:
197:
194:
190:
187:
185:
182:
180:
177:
175:
172:
170:
167:
165:
162:
160:
157:
155:
154:Psychological
152:
151:
150:
147:
143:
142:Life sciences
140:
138:
135:
134:
133:
130:
126:
123:
121:
118:
117:
116:
113:
112:
111:
110:
107:
103:
96:
92:
88:
82:
81:
75:
72:
70:
67:
65:
62:
60:
57:
55:
52:
50:
47:
45:
42:
41:
39:
38:
35:
31:
19:
4231:South Africa
3986:Burkina Faso
3874:Associations
3798:
3709:criticism of
3619:Leapfrogging
3602:linear model
3488:Team science
3478:Scientocracy
3401:Neo-colonial
3151:Anthropocene
2983:Other topics
2945:
2769:Agricultural
2707:
2683:Science fair
2673:Science Café
2542:
2531:. Retrieved
2525:
2516:
2505:. Retrieved
2502:OUP Academic
2501:
2492:
2478:
2441:
2435:
2386:
2380:
2353:
2347:
2320:
2314:
2287:
2281:
2254:
2248:
2207:
2201:
2174:
2168:
2157:. Retrieved
2153:
2144:
2109:
2105:
2095:
2083:. Retrieved
2073:
2061:. Retrieved
2051:
2043:the original
2038:
2029:
2017:
2003:
1989:
1980:
1971:
1960:. Retrieved
1956:
1947:
1914:
1910:
1900:
1892:
1887:
1860:
1856:
1846:
1835:. Retrieved
1831:
1821:
1810:. Retrieved
1806:
1797:
1756:
1752:
1742:
1704:. Retrieved
1700:
1690:
1678:. Retrieved
1668:
1657:
1646:
1639:New Atlantis
1637:
1629:
1613:
1604:
1596:
1588:
1587:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1562:
1559:
1556:
1553:
1545:
1542:
1539:
1536:
1533:
1530:
1527:
1524:
1432:Funding bias
1379:
1360:
1286:
1262:
1246:
1235:
1215:
1202:
1177:
1166:. The prior
1161:
1152:
1148:
1128:
1119:Horizon 2020
1111:
1092:
1088:funding body
1057:
1041:
1006:(SSHRC) the
997:
977:
968:scholarships
957:
926:
911:
909:
888:
884:
873:
857:
850:
846:Nazi Germany
842:
830:
814:
795:
775:
766:
755:Please help
750:verification
747:
680:
671:
665:
651:
617:
613:
584:public works
575:
552:
499:
498:
488:
441:
404:
274:Liberal arts
174:Sociological
120:Mathematical
4261:Switzerland
4236:South Korea
4196:Philippines
4181:New Zealand
4176:Netherlands
4101:Ivory Coast
3719:theories of
3704:and society
3700:Technology
3694:transitions
3684:determinism
3679:convergence
3654:Technocracy
3436:controversy
3422:Scientific
3406:post-normal
3351:Metascience
3321:Consilience
3306:Antiscience
3171:Neo-Luddism
3166:Fuzzy logic
2926:Immigration
2913:Vaccination
2451:10.5334/bci
1589:Agriculture
1467:Open access
1462:Metascience
1422:Big Science
1259:Switzerland
875:Utilitarian
818:engineering
806:development
643:chronometer
544:health care
536:engineering
514:to promote
378:Instruments
299:Professions
294:War studies
201:Engineering
4345:Categories
4316:Uzbekistan
4271:Tajikistan
4131:Kyrgyzstan
4121:Kazakhstan
4001:Cape Verde
3961:Bangladesh
3951:Azerbaijan
3857:Technology
3809:science of
3804:history of
3689:revolution
3597:disruptive
3587:Innovation
3582:Hype cycle
3527:Technology
3498:ecological
3471:skepticism
3461:misconduct
3446:enterprise
3264:scientific
3191:Positivism
3161:Empiricism
3143:Philosophy
3025:Regulation
2966:Technology
2830:Investment
2823:Industrial
2533:2020-04-08
2507:2020-04-08
2159:2024-05-24
2063:16 January
2057:"About Us"
1962:2007-02-19
1837:2019-02-08
1812:2019-02-08
1706:2019-02-08
1567:References
1218:suppressed
1139:humanities
1101:, and the
923:By country
820:. In the
609:hydraulics
508:scientists
420:Technology
289:Philosophy
279:Literature
249:Humanities
239:Futurology
189:Linguistic
74:Philosophy
69:Literature
59:Glossaries
4321:Venezuela
4246:Sri Lanka
4141:Lithuania
4081:Indonesia
3941:Argentina
3764:Factor 10
3592:diffusion
3431:consensus
3426:community
3391:education
3231:Sociology
3206:Scientism
3085:Economics
2952:Stem cell
2931:Knowledge
2859:Education
2470:213952232
2413:cite book
2405:875999943
2372:646068257
2339:709670355
2306:162145073
2273:671654179
2234:cite book
2193:635336648
1981:nce.gc.ca
1939:219529301
1701:Space.com
1680:20 August
1232:Sri Lanka
980:Australia
974:Australia
942:economics
879:suffering
699:hyperlink
558:, media,
410:Scientist
164:Political
4366:Research
4331:Zimbabwe
4281:Thailand
4276:Tanzania
4226:Slovakia
4206:Portugal
4186:Pakistan
4151:Malaysia
4036:Ethiopia
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