1231:
1219:
86:
the invasion,” the Quenya word for “invasion” might appear in the respective/s-case. The seeming absence of any other case being used to translate this preposition lends support to this conjecture. Ales Bican has written an article exploring these and other possible functions for
Tolkien's
51:); Tolkien himself never named the case (at least, not in any of his published writings). Since the exact function of this noun case is unclear, a more neutral term for it is the "s-case", as it is formed by appending an
299:
569:
523:
308:
292:
531:
285:
562:
36:
1209:
1223:
905:
437:
82:
Another possible use is to translate expressions with the preposition “about.” For example, in translating “He told me
1251:
1235:
1144:
720:
555:
316:
1256:
616:
599:
589:
505:
1107:
772:
1191:
536:
834:
1181:
1161:
794:
705:
354:
41:
839:
814:
819:
762:
403:
201:
29:
1156:
1122:
998:
1186:
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1129:
1072:
968:
779:
1196:
1151:
1139:
973:
900:
715:
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181:
64:
21:
1171:
1166:
1134:
1102:
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1018:
1003:
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953:
859:
849:
844:
799:
578:
456:
197:
68:
47:
25:
1112:
1013:
885:
804:
789:
700:
649:
629:
624:
60:
257:
233:
185:
1117:
1008:
948:
932:
829:
824:
809:
784:
752:
742:
727:
695:
659:
476:
336:
1245:
1077:
1034:
980:
958:
927:
912:
895:
880:
875:
854:
767:
747:
737:
710:
690:
685:
680:
664:
639:
498:
330:
732:
654:
518:
481:
378:
1097:
963:
890:
757:
634:
56:
1056:
993:
922:
917:
594:
471:
466:
373:
55:
suffix to the noun it modifies. It is unclear whether this case is used with
1218:
1049:
1044:
277:
1230:
348:
72:
512:
421:
393:
388:
383:
220:
416:
324:
32:
547:
411:
67:, or whether it has a more general use. Based on a few examples,
551:
281:
71:
has inferred the possibility that it is used as a kind of
1207:
205:, “I sostantivi”, Gianluca Comastri, Italian trans.,
186:
http://tolklang.quettar.org/articles/Appleyard.Quenya
1090:
1065:
1027:
941:
868:
673:
615:
608:
490:
430:
402:
366:
315:
563:
293:
8:
94:(ship) including the respective is present:
612:
570:
556:
548:
300:
286:
278:
96:
1214:
174:
90:An example of inflection of the word
7:
258:"Eldamo : Quenya : cirya¹"
234:"Eldamo : Quenya : s-case"
221:http://www.elvish.org/elm/scase.html
532:Sound and language in Middle-earth
14:
869:Possession, companion, instrument
77:i coa i taures / i coa i tauressë
1229:
1217:
184:, "Quenya Grammar Reexamined",
1:
1073:Postpositional/Prepositional
438:Elvish Linguistic Fellowship
24:) is a noun case created by
219:Ales Bican, "the -s case",
1273:
79:the house in the forest).
674:Location, time, direction
617:Morphosyntactic alignment
600:Morphosyntactic alignment
585:
309:Languages of Middle-earth
209:. Accessed 16 April 2016.
202:'Quenya: L’antica lingua
537:Sundering of the Elves
1224:Constructed languages
526:The Lord of the Rings
524:Pseudotranslation in
355:A Elbereth Gilthoniel
42:The Lord of the Rings
223:, November 15, 2006.
150:Respective (s-case)
30:constructed language
1236:Speculative fiction
87:respective/s-case.
35:(one of two of the
446:Parma Eldalamberon
65:intransitive verbs
1252:Grammatical cases
1205:
1204:
1086:
1085:
579:Grammatical cases
545:
544:
462:Carl F. Hostetter
452:Anthony Appleyard
182:Anthony Appleyard
166:
165:
108:Partitive plural
39:which feature in
22:Anthony Appleyard
1264:
1257:J. R. R. Tolkien
1234:
1233:
1222:
1221:
1213:
1098:Classical Arabic
613:
572:
565:
558:
549:
457:Helge Fauskanger
317:Elvish languages
302:
295:
288:
279:
272:
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269:
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254:
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224:
217:
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198:Helge Fauskanger
195:
189:
188:, March 7, 1995.
179:
97:
69:Helge Fauskanger
48:The Silmarillion
26:J. R. R. Tolkien
1272:
1271:
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1263:
1262:
1261:
1242:
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1228:
1216:
1208:
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1201:
1145:Old High German
1082:
1061:
1023:
937:
864:
669:
604:
581:
576:
546:
541:
506:The Etymologies
486:
426:
398:
367:Other languages
362:
342:Respective case
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276:
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251:
242:
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196:
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37:elven languages
18:respective case
12:
11:
5:
1270:
1268:
1260:
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1254:
1244:
1243:
1239:
1238:
1226:
1203:
1202:
1200:
1199:
1194:
1192:Serbo-Croatian
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1148:
1147:
1137:
1132:
1127:
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1125:
1120:
1118:Middle English
1110:
1105:
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1094:
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1083:
1081:
1080:
1075:
1069:
1067:
1063:
1062:
1060:
1059:
1054:
1053:
1052:
1042:
1037:
1031:
1029:
1028:Cause, purpose
1025:
1024:
1022:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1001:
999:Multiplicative
996:
991:
986:
983:
978:
977:
976:
971:
961:
956:
951:
945:
943:
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935:
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888:
883:
878:
872:
870:
866:
865:
863:
862:
857:
852:
847:
842:
837:
835:Superdirective
832:
827:
822:
817:
812:
807:
802:
797:
792:
787:
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765:
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494:
492:
488:
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479:
477:Arden R. Smith
474:
469:
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442:Vinyar Tengwar
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346:
345:
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337:Quenya grammar
334:
321:
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307:
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304:
297:
290:
282:
274:
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249:
225:
212:
190:
173:
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167:
164:
163:
160:
157:
154:
151:
147:
146:
143:
142:ciryalisse(n)
140:
137:
134:
130:
129:
126:
123:
120:
117:
113:
112:
109:
106:
103:
100:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1269:
1258:
1255:
1253:
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1237:
1232:
1227:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1211:
1198:
1195:
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1190:
1188:
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1173:
1170:
1168:
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1158:
1155:
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1146:
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1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1115:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1108:Archaic Dutch
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1093:
1089:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1070:
1068:
1064:
1058:
1055:
1051:
1048:
1047:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1032:
1030:
1026:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
990:
987:
984:
982:
979:
975:
972:
970:
967:
966:
965:
962:
960:
957:
955:
952:
950:
947:
946:
944:
942:State, manner
940:
934:
931:
929:
926:
924:
921:
919:
916:
914:
911:
907:
904:
903:
902:
899:
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892:
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884:
882:
879:
877:
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873:
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867:
861:
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853:
851:
848:
846:
843:
841:
838:
836:
833:
831:
828:
826:
823:
821:
818:
816:
813:
811:
808:
806:
803:
801:
798:
796:
795:Postdirective
793:
791:
788:
786:
783:
781:
778:
774:
771:
770:
769:
766:
764:
761:
759:
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741:
739:
736:
734:
731:
729:
726:
722:
719:
718:
717:
714:
712:
709:
707:
706:Approximative
704:
702:
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694:
692:
689:
687:
684:
682:
679:
678:
676:
672:
666:
663:
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633:
631:
628:
626:
623:
622:
620:
618:
614:
611:
607:
601:
598:
596:
593:
591:
590:List of cases
588:
587:
584:
580:
573:
568:
566:
561:
559:
554:
553:
550:
538:
535:
533:
530:
528:
527:
522:
520:
517:
515:
514:
510:
508:
507:
503:
500:
499:A Secret Vice
496:
495:
493:
489:
483:
480:
478:
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473:
470:
468:
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463:
460:
458:
455:
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439:
436:
435:
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429:
423:
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418:
415:
413:
410:
409:
407:
405:
401:
395:
392:
390:
387:
385:
382:
380:
377:
375:
372:
371:
369:
365:
357:
356:
352:
351:
350:
347:
343:
340:
338:
335:
333:
332:
328:
327:
326:
323:
322:
320:
318:
314:
310:
303:
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296:
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283:
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263:
259:
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107:
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99:
98:
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93:
88:
85:
80:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
49:
44:
43:
38:
34:
31:
27:
23:
20:(so named by
19:
901:Instrumental
840:Superelative
815:Subdirective
773:-qualitative
716:Distributive
645:Intransitive
525:
519:Middle-earth
511:
504:
482:Allan Turner
445:
441:
379:Black Speech
353:
341:
329:
265:. Retrieved
261:
252:
241:. Retrieved
237:
228:
215:
208:
204:
193:
177:
91:
89:
83:
81:
76:
57:prepositions
52:
46:
40:
17:
15:
1123:Old English
1091:Declensions
1040:Benefactive
1019:Translative
1004:Orientative
989:Instructive
954:Comparative
906:-comitative
860:Terminative
850:Superlative
845:Superessive
800:Postelative
207:Ardalambion
116:Nominative
1246:Categories
1182:Lithuanian
1014:Semblative
923:Possessive
886:Comitative
820:Subelative
805:Postessive
790:Pertingent
763:Limitative
701:Apudessive
650:Nominative
630:Accusative
625:Absolutive
595:Declension
472:David Salo
467:Tom Loback
267:2023-12-16
262:eldamo.org
243:2023-12-17
238:eldamo.org
169:References
139:ciryassen
61:transitive
1162:Hungarian
1009:Revertive
949:Adverbial
933:Sociative
928:Privative
918:Possessed
830:Sublative
825:Subessive
810:Prolative
785:Perlative
753:Intrative
743:Inelative
728:Egressive
721:-temporal
696:Antessive
660:Partitive
431:Linguists
159:ciryalis
145:ciryatse
136:ciryasse
133:Locative
102:Singular
1135:Georgian
1078:Vocative
1035:Aversive
981:Exessive
959:Equative
913:Ornative
896:Genitive
881:Caritive
876:Abessive
855:Temporal
768:Locative
748:Inessive
738:Illative
711:Delative
691:Allative
686:Adessive
681:Ablative
665:Pegative
640:Ergative
349:Sindarin
156:ciryais
125:ciryali
73:locative
1210:Portals
1187:Russian
1177:Latvian
1130:Finnish
1113:English
969:-formal
733:Elative
655:Oblique
513:Lhammas
491:Related
422:Tengwar
404:Scripts
394:Westron
389:Valarin
384:Khuzdul
374:Adûnaic
331:Namárië
153:ciryas
128:ciryat
122:ciryar
105:Plural
75:(e.g.:
28:in his
1197:Slovak
1152:Gothic
1140:German
1050:-final
1045:Causal
985:Formal
974:-modal
964:Essive
891:Dative
780:Medial
758:Lative
635:Direct
417:Sarati
325:Quenya
119:cirya
33:Quenya
1172:Latin
1167:Irish
1157:Hindi
1103:Czech
1066:Other
1057:Final
994:Modal
609:Cases
412:Cirth
111:Dual
92:cirya
84:about
45:and
16:The
200:, "
63:or
1248::
444:,
260:.
236:.
162:-
59:,
53:-s
1212::
571:e
564:t
557:v
501:"
497:"
448:)
440:(
301:e
294:t
287:v
270:.
246:.
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