1369:
Lapuente-Brun, E.; Moreno-Loshuertos, R.; Acin-Perez, R.; Latorre-Pellicer, A.; Colas, C.; Balsa, E.; Perales-Clemente, E.; Quiros, P. M.; Calvo, E.; Rodriguez-Hernandez, M. A.; Navas, P.; Cruz, R.; Carracedo, A.; Lopez-Otin, C.; Perez-Martos, A.; Fernandez-Silva, P.; Fernandez-Vizarra, E.; Enriquez,
241:
of the other complexes to enhance catalytic activity. Evidence has also been accumulated to show that the presence of respirasomes is necessary for the stability and function of
Complex I. In 2013, Lapuente-Brun et al. demonstrated that supercomplex assembly is "dynamic and organizes electron flux to
161:
Supercomplex assembly appears to be dynamic and respiratory enzymes are able to alternate between participating in large respirasomes and existing in a free state. It is not known what triggers changes in complex assembly, but research has revealed that the formation of supercomplexes is heavily
327:
Reifschneider, Nicole H.; Goto, Sataro; Nakamoto, Hideko; Takahashi, Ryoya; Sugawa, Michiru; Dencher, Norbert A.; Krause, Frank (2006). "Defining the
Mitochondrial Proteomes from Five Rat Organs in a Physiologically Significant Context Using 2D Blue-Native/SDS-PAGE".
28:
371:
Lombardi, A.; Silvestri, E.; Cioffi, F.; Senese, R.; Lanni, A.; Goglia, F.; de Lange, P.; Moreno, M. (2009). "Defining the transcriptomic and proteomic profiles of rat ageing skeletal muscle by the use of a cDNA array, 2D- and Blue native-PAGE approach".
170:, a unique mitochondrial lipid. In yeast mitochondria lacking cardiolipin, the number of enzymes forming respiratory supercomplexes was significantly reduced. According to Wenz et al. (2009), cardiolipin stabilizes the supercomplex formation by
231:
The functional significance of respirasomes is not entirely clear but more recent research is beginning to shed some light on their purpose. It has been hypothesized that the organization of respiratory enzymes into supercomplexes reduces
46:
in purple. A, B, and E are side views of the complexes as they are oriented upright in the membrane. Horizontal lines on E indicate the position of the membrane. D is a view from the intermembrane space. C and F are viewed from inside the
828:"Resolution of the aerobic respiratory system of the thermoacidophilic archaeon, Sulfolobus sp. strain 7. I. The archaeal terminal oxidase supercomplex is a functional fusion of respiratory complexes III and IV with no c-type cytochromes"
113:
and G. R. Williams were the first to propose the idea that respiratory enzymes assemble into larger complexes, although the fluid state model remained the standard. However, as early as 1985, researchers had begun isolating
236:
and increases metabolism efficiency. SchÀfer et al. (2006) demonstrated that supercomplexes comprising
Complex IV had higher activities in Complex I and III, indicating that the presence of Complex IV modifies the
458:
RodrĂguez-HernĂĄndez, Ăngeles; Cordero, Mario D.; Salviati, Leonardo; Artuch, Rafael; Pineda, MercĂ©; Briones, Paz; GĂłmez
Izquierdo, Lourdes; Cotån, David; Navas, Plåcido; Sånchez-Alcåzar, José A. (2009).
2062:
1271:
Lenaz, Giorgio; Genova, Maria Luisa (2012). "Supramolecular
Organisation of the Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain: A New Challenge for the Mechanism and Control of Oxidative Phosphorylation".
415:
SchÀfer, Eva; Dencher, Norbert A.; Vonck, Janet; Parcej, David N. (2007). "Three-Dimensional
Structure of the Respiratory Chain Supercomplex I1III2IV1from Bovine Heart Mitochondriaâ ,âĄ".
955:
C. Bruel, R. Brasseur & B. L. Trumpower (February 1996). "Subunit 8 of the
Saccharomyces cerevisiae cytochrome bc1 complex interacts with succinate-ubiquinone reductase complex".
2401:
2055:
2335:
1590:
2048:
93:. Respirasomes have been found in a variety of species and tissues, including rat brain, liver, kidney, skeletal muscle, heart, bovine heart, human skin
871:"Identification and properties of a quinol oxidase super-complex composed of a bc1 complex and cytochrome oxidase in the thermophilic bacterium PS3"
2306:
1288:
577:
Eubel, Holger; Heinemeyer, Jesco; Sunderhaus, Stephanie; Braun, Hans-Peter (2004). "Respiratory chain supercomplexes in plant mitochondria".
1454:
2431:
918:
875:
832:
789:
2188:
2107:
1211:"Cardiolipin-dependent Reconstitution of Respiratory Supercomplexes from Purified Saccharomyces cerevisiae Complexes III and IV"
785:"Isolation of ubiquinol oxidase from Paracoccus denitrificans and resolution into cytochrome bc1 and cytochrome c-aa3 complexes"
1585:
1054:"Gluing the Respiratory Chain Together. CARDIOLIPIN IS REQUIRED FOR SUPERCOMPLEX FORMATION IN THE INNER MITOCHONDRIAL MEMBRANE"
131:
2345:
2175:
2163:
2112:
2426:
2184:
1988:
2171:
71:
518:
Krause, F. (2006). "OXPHOS Supercomplexes: Respiration and Life-Span
Control in the Aging Model Podospora anserina".
1103:"Cardiolipin Is Essential for Organization of Complexes III and IV into a Supercomplex in Intact Yeast Mitochondria"
1495:
216:
171:
2272:
1859:
1781:
1536:
724:
Chance, Britton; Williams, G. R. (1955). "A Method for the
Localization of Sites for Oxidative Phosphorylation".
2267:
2227:
2102:
1879:
1600:
1541:
1447:
238:
220:
196:
158:
can be found co-migrating as a dimer with other supercomplexes, but scarcely as part of the supercomplex unit.
55:
1370:
J. A. (2013). "Supercomplex
Assembly Determines Electron Flux in the Mitochondrial Electron Transport Chain".
1874:
2292:
2208:
2119:
1973:
1722:
1717:
1703:
1678:
2251:
2200:
2167:
2008:
1942:
1828:
1823:
1528:
1160:
Wenz, Tina; Hielscher, Ruth; Hellwig, Petra; SchÀgger, Hermann; Richers, Sebastian; Hunte, Carola (2009).
98:
1209:
Bazan, S.; Mileykovskaya, E.; Mallampalli, V. K. P. S.; Heacock, P.; Sparagna, G. C.; Dowhan, W. (2012).
667:
Suthammarak, Wichit; Somerlot, Benjamin H.; Opheim, Elyce; Sedensky, Margaret; Morgan, Philip G. (2013).
150:
The most common supercomplexes observed are Complex I/III, Complex I/III/IV, and Complex III/IV. Most of
2145:
2013:
1978:
1934:
1698:
1557:
74:. These supercomplexes are functionally active and necessary for forming stable respiratory complexes.
2316:
2246:
2134:
1952:
1657:
1633:
1595:
1379:
733:
527:
2396:
1897:
1516:
1440:
1162:"Role of phospholipids in respiratory cytochrome bc1 complex catalysis and supercomplex formation"
2287:
2020:
1693:
1662:
1638:
1625:
1419:
980:
765:
669:"Novel interactions between mitochondrial superoxide dismutases and the electron transport chain"
559:
212:
191:
2075:
1892:
1688:
1532:
1490:
1485:
1411:
1403:
1351:
1343:
1302:
1294:
1284:
1250:
1232:
1191:
1183:
1142:
1124:
1083:
1075:
1031:
972:
937:
894:
851:
808:
757:
749:
706:
688:
649:
641:
622:"Supramolecular structure of the OXPHOS system in highly thermogenic tissue of Arum maculatum"
602:
594:
551:
543:
500:
492:
440:
432:
397:
389:
353:
345:
300:
282:
2370:
2365:
2238:
2092:
1915:
1395:
1387:
1333:
1276:
1240:
1222:
1173:
1132:
1114:
1065:
1021:
1013:
1004:
964:
927:
884:
841:
798:
741:
696:
680:
633:
586:
535:
482:
472:
424:
381:
337:
290:
274:
233:
1869:
1751:
621:
27:
2040:
1383:
737:
531:
1946:
1864:
1854:
1803:
1791:
1764:
1245:
1210:
1137:
1102:
701:
668:
295:
262:
187:
183:
110:
59:
1026:
999:
889:
870:
803:
784:
166:
composition of the mitochondrial membrane, and in particular requires the presence of
2420:
1818:
1505:
1423:
620:
Sunderhaus, Stephanie; Klodmann, Jennifer; Lenz, Christof; Braun, Hans-Peter (2010).
1432:
984:
2311:
2297:
2219:
1798:
1768:
1573:
1545:
769:
563:
52:
1275:. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Vol. 748. pp. 107â144.
1178:
1161:
637:
590:
1924:
1786:
1280:
385:
167:
115:
82:
51:
Modern biological research has revealed strong evidence that the enzymes of the
39:
186:
of Complex III with Complex IV. In 2012, Bazan et al. was able to reconstitute
2155:
2071:
2025:
1747:
1668:
1649:
1581:
1524:
1467:
1463:
1017:
1000:"Supercomplexes in the respiratory chains of yeast and mammalian mitochondria"
278:
151:
119:
94:
86:
43:
1407:
1347:
1298:
1236:
1187:
1128:
1079:
846:
827:
753:
692:
645:
598:
547:
496:
436:
393:
349:
286:
2097:
1920:
1727:
1471:
1391:
1227:
539:
205:
201:
139:
78:
35:
17:
1415:
1355:
1338:
1321:
1306:
1254:
1195:
1146:
1119:
1087:
1070:
1053:
1035:
932:
913:
761:
710:
653:
606:
555:
504:
444:
401:
357:
304:
976:
941:
898:
855:
812:
477:
460:
2129:
123:
1399:
154:
is found in a free-floating form in both plant and animal mitochondria.
1983:
1968:
968:
684:
487:
67:
461:"Coenzyme Q deficiency triggers mitochondria degradation by mitophagy"
428:
341:
2078:
745:
179:
155:
135:
914:"The respiratory chain in yeast behaves as a single functional unit"
194:
Complex III/IV supercomplexes from purified complexes isolated from
1322:"Architecture of Active Mammalian Respiratory Chain Supercomplexes"
223:
interactions mediating the assembly/disassembly of supercomplexes.
2380:
2375:
163:
127:
261:
Vartak, Rasika; Porras, Christina Ann-Marie; Bai, Yidong (2013).
2360:
2355:
2350:
2340:
2330:
2123:
2044:
1436:
912:
H. Boumans, L. A. Grivell & J. A. Berden (February 1998).
263:"Respiratory supercomplexes: structure, function and assembly"
175:
130:. Finally, in 2000 Hermann SchÀgger and Kathy Pfeiffer used
826:
T. Iwasaki, K. Matsuura & T. Oshima (December 1995).
322:
320:
318:
316:
314:
1665:(amino acidâpyruvate, acetyl CoA, or TCA intermediate)
869:
N. Sone, M. Sekimachi & E. Kutoh (November 1987).
211:
Another hypothesis for respirasome formation is that
66:, instead of the traditional fluid model of discrete
2389:
2280:
2264:
2236:
2217:
2198:
2153:
2144:
2085:
2001:
1961:
1933:
1914:
1843:
1736:
1716:
1677:
1648:
1624:
1615:
1572:
1556:
1515:
1504:
1478:
1166:
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics
783:E. A. Berry & B. L. Trumpower (February 1985).
1266:
1264:
256:
254:
2402:Electron-transferring-flavoprotein dehydrogenase
2307:Complex III/Coenzyme Q - cytochrome c reductase
2056:
1448:
8:
1047:
1045:
998:H. Schagger & K. Pfeiffer (April 2000).
242:optimize the use of available substrates."
2277:
2150:
2063:
2049:
2041:
1930:
1847:
1740:
1733:
1645:
1621:
1512:
1455:
1441:
1433:
520:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
142:, III, and IV arranged in supercomplexes.
1337:
1244:
1226:
1177:
1136:
1118:
1069:
1025:
957:Journal of Bioenergetics and Biomembranes
931:
888:
845:
802:
700:
486:
476:
294:
138:mitochondrial membrane proteins, showing
26:
1273:Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation
250:
7:
1565:Electron acceptors other than oxygen
919:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
876:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
833:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
790:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
2293:Complex II/Succinate dehydrogenase
2189:Pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase
25:
626:Plant Physiology and Biochemistry
579:Plant Physiology and Biochemistry
2317:Complex IV/Cytochrome c oxidase
1586:Substrate-level phosphorylation
1326:Journal of Biological Chemistry
1215:Journal of Biological Chemistry
1107:Journal of Biological Chemistry
1058:Journal of Biological Chemistry
2164:Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
1:
2185:Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase
1989:Reverse cholesterol transport
890:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)47736-8
804:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)89576-X
2288:Complex I/NADH dehydrogenase
1641:(proteinâpeptideâamino acid)
1179:10.1016/j.bbabio.2009.02.012
638:10.1016/j.plaphy.2010.01.010
591:10.1016/j.plaphy.2004.09.010
330:Journal of Proteome Research
215:may initiate changes in the
182:residues in the interaction
72:inner mitochondrial membrane
1281:10.1007/978-1-4614-3573-0_5
386:10.1016/j.jprot.2009.02.007
2448:
2432:Integral membrane proteins
2108:Oxoglutarate dehydrogenase
2026:Phospagen system (ATP-PCr)
1496:Primary nutritional groups
89:make up a unit known as a
2273:oxidative phosphorylation
1888:
1860:Anoxygenic photosynthesis
1850:
1814:
1782:Pentose phosphate pathway
1777:
1760:
1743:
1537:Oxidative phosphorylation
279:10.1007/s13238-013-3032-y
146:Composition and formation
2268:electron transport chain
2228:Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase
2103:Isocitrate dehydrogenase
1880:Entner-Doudoroff pathway
1542:electron transport chain
1529:Pyruvate decarboxylation
847:10.1074/jbc.270.52.30881
197:Saccharomyces cerevisiae
2209:Glutamate dehydrogenase
2120:Succinate dehydrogenase
2113:Succinyl CoA synthetase
1974:Sphingolipid metabolism
1875:DeLey-Doudoroff pathway
1723:carbohydrate catabolism
1718:Carbohydrate metabolism
1704:Purine nucleotide cycle
1392:10.1126/science.1230381
1228:10.1074/jbc.M112.425876
1018:10.1093/emboj/19.8.1777
540:10.1196/annals.1354.013
227:Functional significance
2252:Aspartate transaminase
1943:Fatty acid degradation
1663:Amino acid degradation
1339:10.1074/jbc.M513525200
1120:10.1074/jbc.M504955200
1071:10.1074/jbc.C200551200
933:10.1074/jbc.273.9.4872
58:assemble into larger,
48:
1979:Eicosanoid metabolism
1935:Fatty acid metabolism
1699:Pyrimidine metabolism
1558:Anaerobic respiration
478:10.4161/auto.5.1.7174
374:Journal of Proteomics
97:, fungi, plants, and
32:I/III/IV Supercomplex
30:
2427:Cellular respiration
2247:Pyruvate carboxylase
2135:Malate dehydrogenase
1953:Fatty acid synthesis
1658:Amino acid synthesis
1320:Schafer, E. (2006).
122:supercomplexes from
109:In 1955, biologists
77:One supercomplex of
2397:Alternative oxidase
2201:α-ketoglutaric acid
1517:Aerobic respiration
1384:2013Sci...340.1567L
1378:(6140): 1567â1570.
1332:(22): 15370â15375.
1113:(33): 29403â29408.
1064:(46): 43553â43556.
883:(32): 15386â15391.
840:(52): 30881â30892.
738:1955Natur.176..250C
532:2006NYASA1067..106K
423:(44): 12579â12585.
162:dependent upon the
2021:Ethanol metabolism
1969:Steroid metabolism
1694:Nucleotide salvage
1626:Protein metabolism
1101:Zhang, M. (2005).
1052:Zhang, M. (2002).
969:10.1007/bf02109904
685:10.1111/acel.12144
267:Protein & Cell
213:membrane potential
62:structures called
49:
2414:
2413:
2410:
2409:
2260:
2259:
2076:Citric acid cycle
2038:
2037:
2034:
2033:
1997:
1996:
1910:
1909:
1906:
1905:
1893:Xylose metabolism
1839:
1838:
1712:
1711:
1689:Purine metabolism
1634:Protein synthesis
1611:
1610:
1533:Citric acid cycle
1491:Metabolic network
1486:Metabolic pathway
1290:978-1-4614-3572-3
732:(4475): 250â254.
429:10.1021/bi700983h
342:10.1021/pr0504440
70:dispersed in the
56:respiratory chain
16:(Redirected from
2439:
2278:
2239:oxaloacetic acid
2151:
2093:Citrate synthase
2065:
2058:
2051:
2042:
2009:Metal metabolism
1931:
1916:Lipid metabolism
1848:
1741:
1734:
1646:
1622:
1548:
1513:
1457:
1450:
1443:
1434:
1428:
1427:
1366:
1360:
1359:
1341:
1317:
1311:
1310:
1268:
1259:
1258:
1248:
1230:
1206:
1200:
1199:
1181:
1157:
1151:
1150:
1140:
1122:
1098:
1092:
1091:
1073:
1049:
1040:
1039:
1029:
1012:(8): 1777â1783.
1005:The EMBO Journal
995:
989:
988:
952:
946:
945:
935:
926:(9): 4872â4877.
909:
903:
902:
892:
866:
860:
859:
849:
823:
817:
816:
806:
797:(4): 2458â2467.
780:
774:
773:
746:10.1038/176250a0
721:
715:
714:
704:
679:(6): 1132â1140.
664:
658:
657:
617:
611:
610:
574:
568:
567:
515:
509:
508:
490:
480:
455:
449:
448:
412:
406:
405:
368:
362:
361:
336:(5): 1117â1132.
324:
309:
308:
298:
258:
234:oxidative damage
132:Blue Native PAGE
21:
2447:
2446:
2442:
2441:
2440:
2438:
2437:
2436:
2417:
2416:
2415:
2406:
2385:
2327:
2301:
2271:
2266:
2256:
2232:
2213:
2194:
2140:
2081:
2069:
2039:
2030:
2014:Iron metabolism
1993:
1957:
1918:
1902:
1884:
1870:Carbon fixation
1835:
1810:
1773:
1756:
1752:Gluconeogenesis
1725:
1720:
1708:
1680:
1673:
1644:
1617:
1607:
1568:
1552:
1540:
1507:
1500:
1474:
1461:
1431:
1368:
1367:
1363:
1319:
1318:
1314:
1291:
1270:
1269:
1262:
1208:
1207:
1203:
1159:
1158:
1154:
1100:
1099:
1095:
1051:
1050:
1043:
997:
996:
992:
954:
953:
949:
911:
910:
906:
868:
867:
863:
825:
824:
820:
782:
781:
777:
723:
722:
718:
666:
665:
661:
619:
618:
614:
585:(12): 937â942.
576:
575:
571:
517:
516:
512:
457:
456:
452:
414:
413:
409:
370:
369:
365:
326:
325:
312:
260:
259:
252:
248:
229:
148:
107:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2445:
2443:
2435:
2434:
2429:
2419:
2418:
2412:
2411:
2408:
2407:
2405:
2404:
2399:
2393:
2391:
2387:
2386:
2384:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2325:
2320:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2295:
2290:
2284:
2282:
2275:
2262:
2261:
2258:
2257:
2255:
2254:
2249:
2243:
2241:
2234:
2233:
2231:
2230:
2224:
2222:
2215:
2214:
2212:
2211:
2205:
2203:
2196:
2195:
2193:
2192:
2183:(regulated by
2180:
2179:
2160:
2158:
2148:
2142:
2141:
2139:
2138:
2132:
2127:
2116:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2089:
2087:
2083:
2082:
2070:
2068:
2067:
2060:
2053:
2045:
2036:
2035:
2032:
2031:
2029:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2017:
2016:
2005:
2003:
1999:
1998:
1995:
1994:
1992:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1965:
1963:
1959:
1958:
1956:
1955:
1950:
1947:Beta oxidation
1939:
1937:
1928:
1912:
1911:
1908:
1907:
1904:
1903:
1901:
1900:
1895:
1889:
1886:
1885:
1883:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1865:Chemosynthesis
1862:
1857:
1855:Photosynthesis
1851:
1845:
1841:
1840:
1837:
1836:
1834:
1833:
1832:
1831:
1826:
1815:
1812:
1811:
1809:
1808:
1807:
1806:
1804:Leloir pathway
1796:
1795:
1794:
1792:Polyol pathway
1784:
1778:
1775:
1774:
1772:
1771:
1765:Glycogenolysis
1761:
1758:
1757:
1755:
1754:
1744:
1738:
1731:
1714:
1713:
1710:
1709:
1707:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1685:
1683:
1675:
1674:
1672:
1671:
1666:
1660:
1654:
1652:
1643:
1642:
1636:
1630:
1628:
1619:
1613:
1612:
1609:
1608:
1606:
1605:
1604:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1578:
1576:
1570:
1569:
1567:
1566:
1562:
1560:
1554:
1553:
1551:
1550:
1521:
1519:
1510:
1502:
1501:
1499:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1482:
1480:
1476:
1475:
1462:
1460:
1459:
1452:
1445:
1437:
1430:
1429:
1361:
1312:
1289:
1260:
1221:(1): 401â411.
1201:
1172:(6): 609â616.
1152:
1093:
1041:
990:
947:
904:
861:
818:
775:
716:
659:
632:(4): 265â272.
612:
569:
526:(1): 106â115.
510:
450:
407:
380:(4): 708â721.
363:
310:
273:(8): 582â590.
249:
247:
244:
228:
225:
147:
144:
111:Britton Chance
106:
103:
64:supercomplexes
60:supramolecular
42:in green, and
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2444:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2424:
2422:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2394:
2392:
2388:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
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2328:
2322:
2321:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2285:
2283:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2269:
2265:Mitochondrial
2263:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2244:
2242:
2240:
2235:
2229:
2226:
2225:
2223:
2221:
2216:
2210:
2207:
2206:
2204:
2202:
2197:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2162:
2161:
2159:
2157:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2143:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2125:
2121:
2118:
2117:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2090:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2077:
2073:
2066:
2061:
2059:
2054:
2052:
2047:
2046:
2043:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2015:
2012:
2011:
2010:
2007:
2006:
2004:
2000:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1966:
1964:
1960:
1954:
1951:
1948:
1944:
1941:
1940:
1938:
1936:
1932:
1929:
1926:
1922:
1917:
1913:
1899:
1898:Radiotrophism
1896:
1894:
1891:
1890:
1887:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1852:
1849:
1846:
1842:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1821:
1820:
1819:Glycosylation
1817:
1816:
1813:
1805:
1802:
1801:
1800:
1797:
1793:
1790:
1789:
1788:
1785:
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1623:
1620:
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1497:
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1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
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1377:
1373:
1365:
1362:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1316:
1313:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1267:
1265:
1261:
1256:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1205:
1202:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1156:
1153:
1148:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1097:
1094:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1048:
1046:
1042:
1037:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1006:
1001:
994:
991:
986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
962:
958:
951:
948:
943:
939:
934:
929:
925:
921:
920:
915:
908:
905:
900:
896:
891:
886:
882:
878:
877:
872:
865:
862:
857:
853:
848:
843:
839:
835:
834:
829:
822:
819:
814:
810:
805:
800:
796:
792:
791:
786:
779:
776:
771:
767:
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
720:
717:
712:
708:
703:
698:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
663:
660:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
623:
616:
613:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
573:
570:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
514:
511:
506:
502:
498:
494:
489:
484:
479:
474:
470:
466:
462:
454:
451:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
411:
408:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
367:
364:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
323:
321:
319:
317:
315:
311:
306:
302:
297:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
257:
255:
251:
245:
243:
240:
235:
226:
224:
222:
218:
217:electrostatic
214:
209:
207:
203:
199:
198:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
159:
157:
153:
145:
143:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
112:
104:
102:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
75:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
54:
53:mitochondrial
45:
41:
37:
33:
29:
19:
2323:
2312:Cytochrome c
2220:succinyl-CoA
1799:Galactolysis
1769:Glycogenesis
1574:Fermentation
1546:ATP synthase
1400:10261/129138
1375:
1371:
1364:
1329:
1325:
1315:
1272:
1218:
1214:
1204:
1169:
1165:
1155:
1110:
1106:
1096:
1061:
1057:
1009:
1003:
993:
963:(1): 59â68.
960:
956:
950:
923:
917:
907:
880:
874:
864:
837:
831:
821:
794:
788:
778:
729:
725:
719:
676:
672:
662:
629:
625:
615:
582:
578:
572:
523:
519:
513:
471:(1): 19â33.
468:
464:
453:
420:
417:Biochemistry
416:
410:
377:
373:
366:
333:
329:
270:
266:
239:conformation
230:
210:
204:cardiolipin
195:
172:neutralizing
160:
149:
108:
90:
76:
63:
50:
31:
18:Respirasomes
2329:synthesis:
2146:Anaplerotic
1925:lipogenesis
1787:Fructolysis
1601:Lactic acid
488:10261/40287
221:hydrophobic
168:cardiolipin
134:to isolate
116:complex III
95:fibroblasts
91:respirasome
40:Complex III
38:in yellow,
2421:Categories
2324:Coenzyme Q
2298:Coenzyme Q
2156:acetyl-CoA
2072:Metabolism
1748:Glycolysis
1681:metabolism
1679:Nucleotide
1669:Urea cycle
1650:Amino acid
1639:Catabolism
1582:Glycolysis
1525:Glycolysis
1508:metabolism
1468:catabolism
1464:Metabolism
673:Aging Cell
246:References
152:Complex II
120:complex IV
99:C. elegans
44:Complex IV
2098:Aconitase
1921:lipolysis
1728:anabolism
1472:anabolism
1424:206545337
1408:0036-8075
1348:0021-9258
1299:0065-2598
1237:0021-9258
1188:0005-2728
1129:0021-9258
1080:0021-9258
754:0028-0836
693:1474-9718
646:0981-9428
599:0981-9428
548:0077-8923
497:1554-8627
465:Autophagy
437:0006-2960
394:1874-3919
350:1535-3893
287:1674-800X
206:liposomes
202:exogenous
156:Complex V
140:Complex I
79:complex I
36:Complex I
2130:Fumarase
1844:Nonhuman
1829:O-linked
1824:N-linked
1616:Specific
1416:23812712
1356:16551638
1307:22729856
1255:23172229
1196:19254687
1147:15972817
1088:12364341
1036:10775262
985:23909319
762:13244669
711:23895727
654:20144873
607:15707832
556:16803975
505:19115482
445:17927210
402:19268720
358:16674101
305:23828195
192:tetramer
124:bacteria
2302:(CoQ10)
2281:Primary
2137:and ETC
2079:enzymes
1984:Ketosis
1596:Ethanol
1479:General
1380:Bibcode
1372:Science
1246:3537037
1138:4113954
977:8786239
942:9478928
899:2824457
856:8537342
813:2982819
770:4184316
734:Bibcode
702:3838459
564:9939670
528:Bibcode
296:4708086
176:charges
105:History
68:enzymes
47:matrix.
2371:COQ10B
2366:COQ10A
1506:Energy
1422:
1414:
1406:
1354:
1346:
1305:
1297:
1287:
1253:
1243:
1235:
1194:
1186:
1145:
1135:
1127:
1086:
1078:
1034:
1027:302020
1024:
983:
975:
940:
897:
854:
811:
768:
760:
752:
726:Nature
709:
699:
691:
652:
644:
605:
597:
562:
554:
546:
503:
495:
443:
435:
400:
392:
356:
348:
303:
293:
285:
188:trimer
184:domain
180:lysine
136:bovine
85:, and
2390:Other
2381:PDSS2
2376:PDSS1
2086:Cycle
2002:Other
1962:Other
1737:Human
1618:paths
1420:S2CID
981:S2CID
766:S2CID
560:S2CID
164:lipid
128:yeast
2361:COQ9
2356:COQ7
2351:COQ6
2346:COQ5
2341:COQ4
2336:COQ3
2331:COQ2
2187:and
2124:SDHA
1726:and
1412:PMID
1404:ISSN
1352:PMID
1344:ISSN
1303:PMID
1295:ISSN
1285:ISBN
1251:PMID
1233:ISSN
1192:PMID
1184:ISSN
1170:1787
1143:PMID
1125:ISSN
1084:PMID
1076:ISSN
1032:PMID
973:PMID
938:PMID
895:PMID
852:PMID
809:PMID
758:PMID
750:ISSN
707:PMID
689:ISSN
650:PMID
642:ISSN
603:PMID
595:ISSN
552:PMID
544:ISSN
524:1067
501:PMID
493:ISSN
441:PMID
433:ISSN
398:PMID
390:ISSN
354:PMID
346:ISSN
301:PMID
283:ISSN
200:and
190:and
174:the
126:and
2237:to
2218:to
2199:to
2154:to
1750:â
1591:ABE
1396:hdl
1388:doi
1376:340
1334:doi
1330:281
1277:doi
1241:PMC
1223:doi
1219:288
1174:doi
1133:PMC
1115:doi
1111:280
1066:doi
1062:277
1022:PMC
1014:doi
965:doi
928:doi
924:273
885:doi
881:262
842:doi
838:270
799:doi
795:260
742:doi
730:176
697:PMC
681:doi
634:doi
587:doi
536:doi
483:hdl
473:doi
425:doi
382:doi
338:doi
291:PMC
275:doi
178:of
83:III
2423::
2326:10
2300:10
2176:E3
2174:,
2172:E2
2170:,
2168:E1
2074::
1923:,
1767:â
1584:â
1544:+
1535:â
1531:â
1527:â
1470:,
1466:,
1418:.
1410:.
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1350:.
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1328:.
1324:.
1301:.
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1263:^
1249:.
1239:.
1231:.
1217:.
1213:.
1190:.
1182:.
1168:.
1164:.
1141:.
1131:.
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1074:.
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1044:^
1030:.
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1010:19
1008:.
1002:.
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959:.
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640:.
630:48
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583:42
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550:.
542:.
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499:.
491:.
481:.
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439:.
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421:46
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396:.
388:.
378:72
376:.
352:.
344:.
332:.
313:^
299:.
289:.
281:.
269:.
265:.
253:^
208:.
101:.
87:IV
81:,
34:.
2270:/
2191:)
2178:)
2166:(
2126:)
2122:(
2064:e
2057:t
2050:v
1949:)
1945:(
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1919:(
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1721:(
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1539:(
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1426:.
1398::
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1358:.
1336::
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1198:.
1176::
1149:.
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1090:.
1068::
1038:.
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987:.
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930::
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656:.
636::
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538::
530::
507:.
485::
475::
469:5
447:.
427::
404:.
384::
360:.
340::
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307:.
277::
271:4
219:/
118:/
20:)
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