192:... striking that the major figures involved in the national movement who opposed absolute non-cooperation - Lajpat Rai, Madan Mohan Malaiviya and B. S. Moonje - were also important in the by then burgeoning and militant Hindu nationalist organisations that existed within and outside the Indian National Congress.
132:
who later popularised the idea, "to Tilak goes the credit of being the first to conceive its enormous potentialities." Tilak toned down his rhetoric from 1916, emphasising that his concern was the bureaucracy rather than the
British monarch, and seeking British citizenship for Indian people. Together
184:
From the fractured Swaraj Party emerged the
Responsive Cooperation Party, the Independent Congress Party and the Nationalist Party, all of which favoured responsivism. The first two of these were formed just prior to the 1926 elections and went on to rout the Swaraj Party and Congress in North India
82:
and from this held the view that people had a divine right to freedom because their souls were identical to that of God rather than distinct from it. If the spiritual potential of people is to be achieved then they must be free to seek it, express it and live it, and the colonial presence of the
141:
and then, in 1919, he voiced the idea of responsive cooperation - a term originally coined by Joseph
Baptista, and a concept that Tilak described as a "divine revelation" - whereby he thought that the Indian people would cooperate with British reforms if the British were willing to
175:
formed a Swaraj group that, between 1923 and 1927, existed as the Swaraj Party. This organisation was split almost from the outset, with the dispute reflecting the wider strategic differences regarding the choice between adopting a stance of non-cooperation or responsive cooperation.
93:
by noting that in India there was no social contract whereby the government and the governed shared mutual obligations, and where the former was accountable to the latter. His notion of
101: - the rule of the people rather than a bureaucracy — was also a prerequisite for any other changes, such as social reforms or the pursuit of economic adjustments.
150:, who reversed his own position to one of non-cooperation. In 1920, shortly before his death, Tilak proposed to contest elections through the vehicle of his newly formed
171:, as well as arresting numerous other activists within the nationalist movement. Amid the subsequent internal dissension within Congress, Motilal Nehru and
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and
Jayakar's move away from the Swaraj Party was evident by October 1925. The concept of responsive cooperation predates the party and was coined by
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British in India denied such freedom because it made them subservient to a bureaucracy. He wrote a newspaper article, published by
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was simultaneously a religious and a political concept that was intended to address these issues. Attainment of
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Politics and social conflict in South India: the non-Brahman movement and Tamil separatism, 1916-1929
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Bishop, Donald H. (1998). "Ranade, Gokhale, Tilak and the
Freedom Movement". In Abbasi, S. A. (ed.).
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Communications and Power: Propaganda and the Press in the Indian
Nationalist Struggle, 1920-1947
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and the
Nationalist Party. The Responsive Cooperationists had become opposed to the concept of
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124:. Adi Hormusji Doctor has noted of the last of these, which Tilak first proposed at the
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In 1921 the
British authorities tired of dealing with the demands of Congress and the
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163:: they classified Congress as an illegal body and imprisoned leaders such as Gandhi,
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cooperate with the
Indians in return. His point was made in relation to the proposed
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The Empire
Project: The Rise and Fall of the British World-System, 1830-1970
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was among the supporters of the Responsivists in the mid-1920s, as was the
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and this, too, had aims consistent with his previously stated philosophy.
120:(purchase of local goods rather than produce from abroad), education and
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Tilak and Gokhale: Revolution and Reform in the Making of Modern India
147:
539:
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It was proposed by Tilak that the practical implementation of
89:, that countered the argument that the British government was
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Moonje was particularly involved with the recently formed
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Hindu nationalism: origins, ideologies and modern myths
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would be achieved by adopting a four-point programme (
472:
India: Government and Politics in a Developing Nation
421:(Second ed.). New Delhi: New Age International.
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Hardgrave, Robert L.; Kochanek, Stanley A. (2008) .
475:(Seventh ed.). Boston, MA: Thomson Wadsworth.
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47:, which was further split by the formation of the
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505:(Tenth ed.). New Delhi: Orient Blackswan.
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210:and the Independent Congress Party, now led by
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618:. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press
67:, of whom Kelkar was a follower, around 1919.
39:and others. The party was a splinter from the
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534:. Berkeley. CA: University of California.
643:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
559:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
146:, which were also the tipping point for
243:Hardgrave & Kochanek (2007), p. 47.
227:
23:was a political party operating in the
365:. Hyderabad: ICFAI University Press.
7:
362:Glimpses of Indian National Movement
673:Defunct political parties in India
448:. New Delhi: Mittal Publications.
445:Political thinkers of modern India
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586:. New Delhi: Allied Publishers.
325:Pannu (2005), p. 414, 489, 501.
580:Pannu, Mohinder Singh (2005).
418:Thinkers Of Indian Renaissance
1:
442:Doctor, Adi Hormusji (1997).
668:Indian independence movement
526:Irschick, Eugene F. (1969).
25:Indian independence movement
21:Responsive Cooperation Party
198:Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh
63:, before being taken up by
55:with the government of the
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144:Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms
139:All India Home Rule League
137:and others, he formed the
49:Independent Congress Party
316:Abel (2005), pp. 185-186.
259:Doctor (1997), pp. 81-83.
152:Congress Democratic Party
16:Indian Independence Party
583:Partners of British Rule
307:Bhatt (2001), pp. 68-70.
289:Irschick (1969), p. 132.
553:Israel, Milton (1994).
271:Wolpert (1961), p. 291.
188:Bhatt notes that it is
128:, that although it was
27:and was established by
386:Bhatt, Chetan (2001).
346:Israel (1994), p. 135.
280:Kothari (2005), p. 48.
234:Abassi (1998), p. 128.
194:
637:Darwin, John (2009).
337:Bhatt (2001), p. 70.
298:Bhatt (2001), p. 68.
212:Madan Mohan Malaviya
185:in those elections.
608:Wolpert, Stanley A.
76:Bal Gangadhar Tilak
65:Bal Gangadhar Tilak
122:passive resistance
650:978-0-521-30208-1
593:978-8-177-64868-3
566:978-0-521-46763-6
502:Politics in India
359:Abel, M. (2005).
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37:N. C. Kelkar
33:B. S. Moonje
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160:satyagrahas
110:chatuhsutri
57:British Raj
662:Categories
622:2012-03-29
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518:2012-03-29
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218:References
169:Lajpat Rai
71:Background
499:(2005) .
223:Citations
180:Formation
80:Advaitism
610:(1961).
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95:swarajya
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