333:. In one case after another Hilton scored success, after all sorts of fantastic treatments had failed, because he recognised the value of rest in inflammation - particularly in osteomylitis and bone and joint tuberculosis which was then so prevalent. As so often happens, opinion swung to the opposite extreme, and rest came to be regarded as the universal healer. Another reason for undue emphasis on bed rest may be the tendency, since the 19th century, to treat illness in hospital, rather than at home. In most hospitals, even today, the patient is expected to be in bed: the whole organisation is geared to such a state, and there is little provision for the up patient. Furthermore, the routine of the bed bath and the bedpan is firmly established in nursing care. Indeed, many of our older hospitals - especially those for the chronic sick, with large inadequately heated wards and too few nurses - enforce bed rest as the only modus operandi.
275:
375:", a horror short-story based on her experience when placed under the rest cure by Dr. Silas W. Mitchell himself. She wasn't allowed to write in a journal, paint a picture, or release her imagination in any way, though she was artistically inclined. If she ever felt ill, she was simply told to return to bed. Her specific instructions from Dr. Mitchell were to "Live as domestic a life as possible. Have your child with you all the time... Lie down an hour after each meal. Have but two hours' intellectual life a day. And never touch pen, brush or pencil as long as you live." Gilman abided by Mitchell's instructions for several months before practically losing control of her sanity.
51:
386:
mental breakdown and frees a "woman behind the wall", metaphorically resembling Gilman's own mental break and release from female expectations. Gilman sent her short story to Dr. Mitchell, hoping that he might change his treatment of women with mental health and help save people from her own experience. The story became a symbol of feminism in the 1970s at the time of its rediscovery.
261:
is marked by the formation of a clot in a vein without prior inflammation of the wall of the vein. It is associated with prolonged bed rest, surgery, pregnancy, and other conditions in which blood flow becomes sluggish or the blood coagulates more readily than normal. The affected area, usually the
385:
The narrator in "The Yellow
Wallpaper" reflected her own authentic account. The narrator was advised by her husband to perform the rest cure and avoid creative activities while struggling with fits of depression. After becoming obsessed with the yellow wallpaper in her room, the narrator suffers a
337:
In addition to bed rest, patients were secluded from all family contact to reduce dependence on others. The only person whom bed-rest patients were allowed to see was the nurse who massaged, bathed, and clothed them. Not only were patients isolated in bed for an extended time, they were advised to
102:
treatment in which a person lies in bed for most of the time to try to cure an illness. Bed rest refers to voluntarily lying in bed as a treatment and not being confined to bed because of a health impairment which physically prevents leaving bed. The practice is still used although a 1999
150:
or higher-order multiples are at higher risk for pregnancy complications. Routine bed rest in twin pregnancies (bed rest in the absence of complications) does not improve outcomes. Bed rest is therefore not recommended routinely in those with a multiple pregnancy.
1476:
On Rest and Pain: a Course of
Lectures on the Influence of Mechanical and Physiological Rest in the Treatment of Accidents and Surgical Diseases, and the Diagnostic Value of Pain, delivered at the Royal College of Surgeons of England in the years 1860, 1861, and
399:(1925) with the description "you invoke proportion; order rest in bed; rest in solitude; silence and rest; rest without friends, without books, without messages; six months rest; until a man who went in weighing seven stone six comes out weighing twelve".
127:
Women who are pregnant and are experiencing early labor, vaginal bleeding, and cervix complications have been prescribed bed rest. This practice in 2013 was strongly discouraged due to no evidence of benefit and evidence of potential harm.
1291:
Millet, C.; Custaud, MA; Maillet, A; Allevard, AM; Duvareille, M; Gauquelin-Koch, G; Gharib, C; Fortrat, JO (March 2001). "Endocrine responses to 7 days of head-down bed rest and orthostatic tests in men and women".
110:
In the United States, nearly 20% of pregnant women have some degree of restricted activity prescribed despite the growing data showing it to be dangerous, causing some experts to call its use "unethical".
1569:
His creation of the rest cure to treat hysteria and neurasthenia originated in his treatment of Civil War soldiers who suffered from burning pain and phantom limbs, the latter a term he coined.
382:
that she could not be restrained to the domestic lifestyle without losing her sanity, and that "it was not a choice between going and staying, but between going, sane, and staying, insane."
274:
1102:
Bleeker MW, De Groot PC, Rongen GA, et al. (October 2005). "Vascular adaptation to deconditioning and the effect of an exercise countermeasure: results of the Berlin Bed Rest study".
317:
It has, of course always been recognised that rest is essential for the acutely ill person . But there is little mention of bed rest in the 18th and early 19th century by such authors as
174:
bed rest has previously been recommended. Bed rest, however, is less beneficial than staying active. As a treatment for low back pain, bed rest should not be used for more than 48 hours.
428:
1247:
Atsunori Kamiya; Satoshi Iwase; Daisaku
Michikami; Qi Fu; Tadaaki Mano (1 March 2000). "Head-down bed rest alters sympathetic and cardiovascular responses to mental stress".
345:
was prescribed. The food the patient was served usually consisted of fatty dairy products to revitalize the body. This "rest cure" as well as its name were created by Doctor
1321:
Edgell, Heather (December 2007). "WISE-2005: adrenergic responses of women following 56-days, 6° head-down bed rest with or without exercise countermeasures".
1404:
Meck, Janice V.; Dreyer, Sherlene A.; Warren, L. Elisabeth (May 2009). "Long-Duration Head-Down Bed Rest: Project
Overview, Vital Signs, and Fluid Balance".
1330:
Randa L. Shehab; Robert E. Schlegel (August–September 1998). "The NASA performance assessment workstation: Cognitive performance during head-down bed rest".
255:
Additionally, prolonged bed rest can lead to the formation of skin pressure ulcers. Even physical exercise in bed fails to address certain adverse effects.
546:
1181:
560:
McCall, Christina A.; Grimes, David A.; Lyerly, Anne
Drapkin (June 2013). ""Therapeutic" bed rest in pregnancy: unethical and unsupported by data".
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Eventually, Gilman divorced her husband and pursued a life as a writer and women's rights activist. She later explained in her 1935 autobiography
136:
282:
Complete bed rest refers to discouraging the person in treatment from sitting up for any reason, including daily activities like drinking water.
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As a treatment, bed rest is mentioned in the earliest medical writings. The rest cure, or bed rest cure, was a 19th-century treatment for many
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309:. "Taking to bed" and becoming an "invalid" for an indefinite period was a culturally accepted response to some of the adversities of life.
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To examine effects of microgravity on vasomotor sympathetic and peripheral vasodilator responses to mental stress, we performed 10 min of
521:
107:
found no benefits for any of the 17 conditions studied and no proven benefit for any conditions at all, beyond that imposed by symptoms.
909:
Hagen, KB; Jamtvedt, G; Hilde, G; Winnem, MF (1 March 2005). "The updated cochrane review of bed rest for low back pain and sciatica".
1555:
1550:. Penn State series in the history of the book. University Park, Pennsylvania: The Pennsylvania State University Press. p. 1.
1221:
1367:
Wilson, Thad (4 January 2003). "Effects of 14 days of head-down tilt bed rest on cutaneous vasoconstrictor responses in humans".
467:
Allen, C; Glasziou, P; Del Mar, C (9 October 1999). "Bed rest: a potentially harmful treatment needing more careful evaluation".
155:
346:
50:
1433:
Shibasaki, Manabu (November 1, 2003). "Exercise throughout 6° head-down tilt bed rest preserves thermoregulatory responses".
1646:
1139:"Ulcer." The Columbia Encyclopedia, Columbia University, and Paul Lagasse, Columbia University Press, 2016. Credo Reference
135:
and due to potential side effects the practice is not routinely recommended. It is also not recommended for routine use in
1154:
603:
McCall, CA; Grimes, DA; Lyerly, AD (June 2013). ""Therapeutic" bed rest in pregnancy: unethical and unsupported by data".
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349:(1829-1914), and it was almost always prescribed to women, many of whom were suffering from depression, especially
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This man in 1945 England has been prescribed complete bed rest and accepts assistance so as not to sit up to drink.
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leg, may become swollen and tender. The danger is that the clot may become dislodged and travel to the lungs (a
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Before the advent of effective antihypertension medications, bed rest was a standard treatment for markedly
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Extended bed rest has been proven to be a potentially harmful treatment needing more careful evaluation.
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1285:(MA) before and after 14 days of 6° head-down bed rest (HDBR), a ground-based simulation of spaceflight.
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The Oxford
English Dictionary quotes an example of the phrase "rest cure" in use as early as 1860 -
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353:. It was not effective and caused many to go insane, suffer complications of prostration, or die.
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Aleman, Alicia; Althabe, Fernando; Belizán, José M; Bergel, Eduardo; Althabe, Fernando (2005).
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Placing the head of a bed lower than the foot is sometimes used as a means of simulating the
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Some negative effects of bed rest were historically attributed to drugs taken in bed rest.
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noted the increased use of bed rest in late-19th and early-20th century medical practice:
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Prolonged bed rest has long been known to have deleterious physiological effects, such as
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avoid other activities that might mentally exhaust them - such as writing or drawing.
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American
Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology
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As of 2016 it is unclear if bed rest is useful for people in wheelchairs who have
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364:. Its popularity and perceived efficacy have varied greatly over the centuries.
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699:"Bed rest with or without hospitalisation for hypertension during pregnancy"
697:
Meher, Shireen; Abalos, Edgardo; Carroli, Guillermo; Meher, Shireen (2005).
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Sell, Rebecca; Rothenberg, Mikel; Chapman, Charles F. (November 1, 2012).
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Küçük, M (April 2013). "Bed rest after embryo transfer: Is it harmful?".
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cessation, expiration, halt, shutdown, stoppage surcease, and termination
17:
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237:
30:
This article is about a medical treatment. For the type of pillow, see
81:
225:
31:
849:
European
Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology
1682:(1. publ. in Great Britain ed.). London: Chatto & Windus.
798:
Crowther, Caroline A; Han, Shanshan; Crowther, Caroline A (2010).
273:
147:
1703:
Dock, William (1944). "The evil sequelae of complete bed rest".
640:"Bed rest in singleton pregnancies for preventing preterm birth"
1547:
S. Weir
Mitchell, 1829-1914: Philadelphia's Literary Physician
1159:. Hagerstwon: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 921.
638:
Sosa, CG; Althabe, F; Belizán, JM; Bergel, E (30 March 2015).
393:
was prescribed the rest cure, which she parodied in her novel
1063:"Early mobilization versus bed rest for deep vein thrombosis"
1632:
Women of the Asylum: Voices from Behind the Walls 1840-1945
1531:
Women of the Asylum: Voices from Behind the Walls 1840-1945
987:
Moore, ZE; van Etten, MT; Dumville, JC (17 October 2016).
989:"Bed rest for pressure ulcer healing in wheelchair users"
240:) acts anomalously, resulting in altered distribution of
425:, the historic term for enforced rest after giving birth
1186:(6th ed.). New York: Barron's Educational Series.
232:
it was shown that another important factor is that the
190:
Bed rest may be sufficient treatment for mild cases of
748:"Bed rest during pregnancy for preventing miscarriage"
429:
Reduced muscle mass, strength and performance in space
325:, and Stokes. The mid-19th century saw the impact of
957:"Five Things Physicians and Patients Should Question"
800:"Hospitalisation and bed rest for multiple pregnancy"
360:. It is still used in cases of carditis secondary to
244:. In other words, when getting up, this can cause an
201:
early movement rather than bed rest appears helpful.
1616:Gilman, Charlotte Perkins. "The Yellow Wallpaper".
70:
43:
1582:
1323:Environmental, Exercise and Respiratory Physiology
1197:
793:
791:
885:Pain management: a practical guide for clinicians
1061:Izcovich, A; Popoff, F; Rada, G (28 June 2016).
131:Evidence is unclear if it affects the risk of
8:
462:
460:
458:
451:. A&C Black – via Credo Reference.
1705:Journal of the American Medical Association
1665:"Feminist Gothic in "The Yellow Wallpaper""
1634:. New York: Anchor Books. pp. 161–167.
1533:. New York: Anchor Books. pp. 161–168.
1406:Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine
993:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
644:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1742:The Physiological Consequences of Bed Rest
1618:The Norton Anthology of English Literature
1222:"Bed rest during pregnancy: Get the facts"
49:
27:Medical treatment involving resting in bed
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804:Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
752:Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
703:Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
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212:Lying (position) § Long-term risks
137:pregnant women with high blood pressure
1620:. New York: Gale, 1996. 230-37. Print.
888:. Boca Raton: CRC Press. p. 741.
545:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
538:
380:The Living of Charlotte Perkins Gilman
40:
1647:""Why I Wrote "The Yellow Wallpaper""
7:
1603:participating institution membership
1480:(2 ed.). New York: William Wood
34:. For the horror thriller film, see
1473:(1879) . Jacobson, W. H. A. (ed.).
77:
923:10.1097/01.brs.0000154625.02586.95
25:
1717:10.1001/jama.1944.02850340009004
1306:10.1046/j.1365-2281.2001.00315.x
156:assisted reproductive technology
1748:online (June 2007) 10(3):32-41.
1447:10.1152/japplphysiol.00188.2003
1381:10.1152/japplphysiol.00067.2002
1261:10.1152/ajpregu.2000.279.2.R440
1116:10.1152/japplphysiol.00118.2005
419:, the period after giving birth
1746:Journal of Exercise Physiology
1740:Stuempfle, K., and D. Drury. "
1005:10.1002/14651858.CD011999.pub2
969:, North American Spine Society
816:10.1002/14651858.CD000110.pub2
764:10.1002/14651858.CD003576.pub2
715:10.1002/14651858.CD003514.pub2
656:10.1002/14651858.CD003581.pub3
228:constriction. Besides lack of
1:
1435:Journal of Applied Physiology
1369:Journal of Applied Physiology
1352:10.1016/s0094-5765(98)00156-8
1104:Journal of Applied Physiology
481:10.1016/s0140-6736(98)10063-6
953:North American Spine Society
861:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2012.11.017
617:10.1097/aog.0b013e318293f12f
574:10.1097/AOG.0b013e318293f12f
1630:Geller, Jeffery L. (1994).
1529:Geller, Jeffery L. (1994).
1183:Dictionary of Medical Terms
449:Dictionary of Medical Terms
1783:
209:
94:, also referred to as the
29:
1590:Oxford English Dictionary
1510:. London: J. Onwhyn: 1252
1080:10.5867/medwave.2016.6478
605:Obstetrics and Gynecology
562:Obstetrics and Gynecology
510:Bed Rest During Pregnancy
367:In 1892, feminist writer
248:, potentially inducing a
162:is also not recommended.
78:
48:
1651:Charlotte Perkins Gilman
1544:Cervetti, Nancy (2012).
1153:Woods, Susan L. (2005).
882:Weiner, Richard (2002).
369:Charlotte Perkins Gilman
246:orthostatic hypertension
154:Use in combination with
1595:Oxford University Press
1412:(Supplement 1): A1–A8.
964:: an initiative of the
58:(c. 1870), painting by
1678:Lee, Hermione (1996).
1418:10.3357/asem.br01.2009
417:Postpartum confinement
341:In some extreme cases
335:
279:
1506:. Original Articles.
351:postpartum depression
315:
277:
210:Further information:
373:The Yellow Wallpaper
234:hydrostatic pressure
199:deep vein thrombosis
146:Women pregnant with
1645:Gilman, Charlotte.
1593:(Online ed.).
1504:"The Abuse of Rest"
1500:Arnott, W. Melville
1344:1998AcAau..43..223S
1294:Clinical Physiology
358:high blood pressure
347:Silas Weir Mitchell
220:and other forms of
1762:Medical treatments
280:
264:pulmonary embolism
250:vasovagal response
1689:978-0-7011-6507-9
1601:(Subscription or
1332:Acta Astronautica
1283:mental arithmetic
1193:978-0-7641-4758-6
1166:978-0-7817-4718-9
1073:(Suppl2): e6478.
955:(February 2013),
895:978-0-8493-0926-7
475:(9186): 1229–33.
230:physical exercise
105:systematic review
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303:mental disorders
259:Phlebothrombosis
170:For people with
82:edit on Wikidata
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362:rheumatic fever
311:Melville Arnott
305:, particularly
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206:Adverse effects
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185:pressure ulcers
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1300:(2): 172–183.
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222:deconditioning
218:muscle atrophy
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