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our terms, not ready to accept an alien rule—and these either left the island or took up arms against us. Since there was now no government, some of the so-called patriots proclaimed a republic, one of the very few republics, (I say one of the very few because this is not the only case —we had a similar instance in Japan), that were started in Asia. Mr. Tang was elected president and the
Republic of Formosa lasted three or four months, leaving behind nothing but some post-stamps valuable for collectors. At this time the professional brigands took this opportunity of general disturbance to ply their trade. I dare say the peaceful inhabitants of the island suffered more from the hands of their own countrymen, that is, largely from Chinese troops and brigands, than they did from us. Evidence of this lies in the fact that several towns received our army with open arms as a deliverer from robbery and slaughter. Though the island was pacified no one knew what was to happen next. We did not understand the character of the people. Very few Japanese could speak Formosan and fewer Formosans could speak Japanese. There was naturally mutual distrust and suspicion. The bandits abounded everywhere. Under these conditions military rule was the only form of government that could be adopted until better assurance could be obtained of the disposition of the people. For this purpose it was calculated that some ten million yen, I may say five million dollars, was yearly needed for the pacification and government of Formosa.
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deliberations and decisions of
Officers publicly elected by us the People. But as in this new enterprise there is needed, as well for the resistance of Japanese aggression as for the organization of the new administration, a man to have chief control, in whom authority shall centre, and by whom the peace of our homesteads shall be assured—therefore, in view of the respect and admiration in which we have long held the Governor and Commander-in-Chief, Tang Ching Sung, we have in Council determined to raise him to the position of President of the Republic.
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considerably, claiming that he had under his command 150,000 soldiers, regulars and volunteers. Judicious observers believed that this figure should be halved. In all, they calculated, there were 75,000 soldiers scattered throughout the island, of whom 50,000 were in the northern half and 25,000 in the southern half. These troops included the regular soldiers of the Qing garrison, local volunteers, and Hakka militia units hastily raised on the orders of Qiu
Fengjia.
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1233:. Although nearly all the fighting took place in northern China, Japan had important territorial ambitions in southern China. As the war approached its end, the Japanese took steps to ensure that Taiwan would be ceded to Japan under the eventual peace treaty and that they were well placed militarily to occupy the island. In March 1895 peace negotiations between Japan and China opened in the Japanese city of
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technically breaching the terms of the treaty, and if they were successful Taiwan could return to
Chinese rule at some future date. (In this respect, it was significant that the nominally independent Republic acknowledged the suzerainty of China.) There was therefore little sympathy in Europe for the Republic, despite its impeccably 'Parisian' manifesto.
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There were at that time some
Imperial Chinese soldiers still remaining on the island, but on hearing of its cession to Japan they were required to disarm and leave the country. Many did so, but a few remained to oppose our army; and then also there were a few patriots who did not feel ready to accept
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The Qing garrison of
Formosa amounted to around 50,000 soldiers, armed for the most part with modern repeating rifles. Liu Yongfu commanded around 20,000 men down in the south, around Tainan, while Qiu Fengjia commanded the central garrisons, perhaps another 10,000 men. The 30,000 men of the northern
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The
Republic of Formosa survived for only five months. The Japanese landed near Keelung on the northern coast of Taiwan on 29 May 1895, and in a five-month campaign swept southwards to Tainan. During the night of 4 June, on the news that the Japanese had captured Keelung, President Tang and General
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Since the island had already been ceded to Japan in the Treaty of
Shimonoseki, Western powers were not in a position to recognize the Republic of Formosa as a legitimate government. Acting under the authority of the new Republic, Chinese troops would be able to resist the Japanese in Taiwan without
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If we suffer this, the land of our hearths and homes will become the land of savages and barbarians, but if we do not suffer it, our condition of comparative weakness will certainly not endure long. Frequent conferences have been held with the
Foreign Powers, who all aver that the People of Formosa
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Now, therefore, we, the People of
Formosa, are irrevocably resolved to die before we will serve the enemy. And we have in Council determined to convert the whole island of Formosa into a Republican state, and that the administration of all our State affairs shall be organized and carried on by the
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hour , it will be publicly presented with all respect by the notables and people of the whole of Formosa. At early dawn on that day, all of us, notables and people, farmers and merchants, artizans and tradesmen, must assemble at the Tuan Fang Meeting House, that we may in grave and solemn manner
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Following Tang's flight, Liu Yongfu assumed the mantle of leadership of the Republic in Tainan. He refused to serve as president, however, and stressed instead his role as commander-in-chief of the resistance against the Japanese. The capture of Tainan now became both a political and a military
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with a yellow tiger on a blue background, ordered a large silver state seal to be made, and began to issue paper money and postage stamps in the name of the Republic. The foreign minister Chen Jitong, who had lived in France for many years, was responsible for crafting much of this republican
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Knowing that a Japanese landing was imminent, the Republican leaders did what little they could in the short time given to them to prepare the island's defenses against invasion. Taiwan in May 1895 was not short of soldiers. Tang Jingsong, in order to raise morale, exaggerated their numbers
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against the French in northern Vietnam a decade earlier, was invited to serve as Grand General of the Army. Qiu was appointed Grand Commander of Militia, with the power to raise local militia units throughout the island to resist the Japanese. On the Chinese mainland
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Spurned by European public opinion and officially disavowed by China, the Republic of Formosa enjoyed only one week of uninterrupted existence. During this time it decked itself out with the conventional trappings of sovereignty. The Republicans adopted a
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were specifically excluded from the scope of the armistice. This exclusion allowed the Japanese to mount a military operation against the Pescadores Islands in March 1895 without imperilling the negotiations. The Pescadores, lying midway between
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The Japanese have affronted China by annexing our territory of Formosa, and the supplications of us, the People of Formosa, at the portals of the Throne have been made in vain. We now learn that the Japanese slaves are about to arrive.
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imperative for the Japanese. During the next three months, although their advance was slowed by guerilla activity, the Japanese defeated the Formosan forces whenever they attempted to make a stand. The Japanese victory at
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decided to resist the transfer of Taiwan to Japanese rule. On 23 May, in Taipei, these men declared independence, proclaiming the establishment of a free and democratic Republic of Formosa.
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The Island of Formosa, Past and Present : history, people, resources, and commercial prospects : tea, camphor, sugar, gold, coal, sulphur, economical plants, and other productions
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The Island of Formosa, Past and Present : history, people, resources, and commercial prospects : tea, camphor, sugar, gold, coal, sulphur, economical plants, and other productions
1945:
Chen, Liwei (November 2011). "「民主」と「共和」 ―近代日中概念の形成とその相互影響―" ["Democracy" and "Republic" : The Emergence of Modern Concepts in Chinese and Japanese and their Interdependence].
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confirms the statement made that a republican form of government was instituted, and says: 'This republic will pass into history as the most short-lived government that ever existed.'
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who call for the establishment of a Republic of Taiwan are wary of claiming that their own movement owes anything to the example of the 1895 Republic. The reason for this is that
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and its being taken over by Japanese troops. The Republic lasted 151 days; it was proclaimed on 23 May 1895 and extinguished on 21 October, when the Republican capital
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wrote, "Mr. Tang was elected president and the Republic of Formosa lasted three or four months, leaving behind nothing but some post-stamps valuable for collectors."
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garrisons were under the command of a Chinese admiral named Yang. Local volunteer and Hakka militia units seem to have accounted for a further 25,000 men.
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The declaration has not been preserved in its original Chinese version, although an English version of it was recorded by the American war correspondent
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was taken over by the Japanese. Though sometimes claimed as the first East Asian republic to have been proclaimed, it was predated by the
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eventually "replaced all others in European literature" and remained in common use among English speakers into the 20th century.
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to order all Qing civil officials and all officers and soldiers to leave Taiwan. Tang himself was ordered to return to Beijing.
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and Taiwan, were the key to a successful occupation of Taiwan. In a swift campaign in the last week of March the Japanese
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Let there be neither delay nor mistake. A Declaration of the whole of Formosa. An announcement by the whole of Formosa.
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on 27 August, the largest battle ever fought on Taiwanese soil, doomed the Formosan resistance to an early defeat. The
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Lamley, Harry J. (August 1968). "The 1895 Taiwan Republic: A Significant Episode in Modern Chinese History".
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When the news of the treaty's contents reached Taiwan, a number of notables from central Taiwan led by
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This article is about the 1895 historical republic. For the modern proposed nation-state, see
1363:, the Qing government's official stance was one of punctilious adherence to the terms of the
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Although there was considerable unofficial support for the Formosan resistance movement in
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596:ㄊㄞˊ ㄨㄢ ㄇㄧㄣˊ ㄓㄨˇ ㄍㄨㄛˊ
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1907:. Republic of China (Taiwan): Government Information Office. p. 46. Archived from
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Premises were found for the republican parliament and the republican ministries in the
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on 21 October ended organised resistance to Japanese occupation, and inaugurated
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came to mean "democratic country" instead. There was also a similar alternative,
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1311:, who was in Taipei when it was issued. Davidson's version reads as follows:
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An official seal has been cut, and on the second day of fifth moon, at the
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The Sino-Japanese War of 1894–1895 : perceptions, power and primacy
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Taiwan Under Japanese Colonial Rule, 1895–1945: History, Culture, Memory
1869:"Republic of Formosa. Most Short-Lived Government That Has Ever Existed"
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In spite of the similarities between their names, modern supporters of
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must establish their independence before the Powers will assist them.
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1502:' war aims which was accomplished shortly after his death with the
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2295:. London, New York, Bombay and Calcutta: Longmans, Green, and co.
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sailors sighted an uncharted island and noted it on their maps as
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Black Flags in Vietnam : The Story of a Chinese Intervention
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Official Declaration of Independence of the Republic of Formosa.
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National flag of the 1895 Republic of Formosa exhibited in the
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was appointed the first Japanese governor-general of Taiwan.
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2263:(1st ed.). Cambridge, England: Cambridge Univ. Press.
1136:) was an early Chinese translation of the English word
255:, on which the Republic of Formosa was established in 1895.
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In May 1895 a short-lived republic was declared in Taiwan
1506:. There are roads named after him throughout the island.
1154:. The Japanese equivalent during this time the time was
1379:, the nephew and adopted son of China's elder statesman
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commander who had become a national hero in China for
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Foundation broadcast the 20-episode historical drama
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in 1895 between the formal cession of Taiwan by the
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71:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1099:in Borneo, established in 1777, as well as by the
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1522:and his adherents continued to recognise Chinese
1217:. In a few months, the Japanese defeated China's
27:1895 short-lived republic on the island of Taiwan
1774:was released in 2008. It is based on the novel
1355:Postage stamp issued by the Republic of Formosa
1155:
1075:was a short-lived republic that existed on the
2318:"The rise and fall of the Republic of Formosa"
1486:One of the republic's resistance fighters was
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3940:States and territories disestablished in 1895
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1419:of the former Qing administration in Taipei.
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2082:PING-HUI, LIAO; WANG, DAVID DER-WEI (2006).
1169:, which became the standard translation for
2187:. London and New York: Macmillan & co.
3935:States and territories established in 1895
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131:Learn how and when to remove this message
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1834:Wright, David Curtis (1 January 2011).
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1481:five decades of Japanese rule in Taiwan
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2244:. London, England: Allen & Unwin.
2165:. London, England: Marshall Brothers.
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1898:Government Information Office (2011).
1111:The name Formosa dates from 1542 when
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3144:Opinion polling on Taiwanese identity
2009:
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3154:Special non-state-to-state relations
2316:van der Wees, Gerrit (4 June 2018).
69:adding citations to reliable sources
3890:Former countries in Chinese history
2574:Chinese and Taiwanese personalities
2482:Military and political developments
1901:The Republic of China Yearbook 2011
2413:Japanese invasion of Taiwan (1895)
1931:. London and New York: Macmillan.
1492:President of the Republic of China
1446:Japanese invasion of Taiwan (1895)
1193:Republic of China (1912–1949)#Name
25:
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3930:1895 disestablishments in Taiwan
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3073:List of administrative divisions
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2110:(1912). "Japan as a Colonizer".
1951:Seijo University economic papers
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1144:with his Chinese translation of
1142:William Alexander Parsons Martin
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2113:The Journal of Race Development
1221:, routed the Chinese armies in
1119:("beautiful island"). The name
1103:in Japan, established in 1869.
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56:needs additional citations for
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1:
3945:Former unrecognized countries
3925:1895 establishments in Taiwan
3895:Former countries in East Asia
2666:Timeline of Taiwanese history
2358:"As the last resistance fell"
2086:. Columbia University Press.
2012:, page numbers to be supplied
1874:Sacramento Daily Record-Union
1151:Elements of International Law
34:. For the current state, see
3431:Taiwanese indigenous peoples
3169:Taiwan independence movement
2202:The Journal of Asian Studies
1744:
1680:
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1654:
1585:
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1335:inaugurate this undertaking
1266:Proclamation of the Republic
32:Taiwan independence movement
3326:Water supply and sanitation
2356:Han Cheung (19 June 2016).
1881:. 20 July 1895. p. 8.
1411:Administrative organisation
1303:Declaration of Independence
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189:
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167:
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3920:Taiwan under Japanese rule
3644:Inventions and discoveries
3149:Political status of Taiwan
2718:Taiwan under Japanese rule
1443:
1202:
554:Democratic State of Taiwan
491:Republic of China (Taiwan)
459:Taiwan under Japanese rule
394:Occupied by Imperial Japan
29:
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2437:Taiwan Expedition of 1874
1840:. ABC-CLIO. p. 113.
1759:Public Television Service
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1343:International recognition
1213:In 1894, China and Japan
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18:Republic of Taiwan (1895)
3139:One Country on Each Side
3051:Administrative divisions
2292:Japanese rule in Formosa
1778:(情歸大地) by Li Chiao (李喬).
1763:The War of Betrayal 1895
516:Traditional Chinese
3910:First Sino-Japanese War
3321:Uniform Invoice lottery
3236:State-owned enterprises
3009:Office of the President
2545:Kitashirakawa Yoshihisa
2447:First Sino-Japanese War
1510:Historical significance
1205:First Sino-Japanese War
538:Simplified Chinese
3915:Taiwan under Qing rule
3281:Semiconductor industry
3099:Cross-Strait relations
3056:Special municipalities
2708:Taiwan under Qing rule
2538:Japanese personalities
2259:Paine, S.C.M. (2003).
1776:Love Back to the Earth
1459:
1454:Japanese troops enter
1398:
1396:National Taiwan Museum
1356:
1340:
1309:James Wheeler Davidson
916:Republic of China rule
446:Taiwan under Qing rule
3164:Taiwanese nationalism
2683:Early Chinese contact
2452:Treaty of Shimonoseki
2162:Sketches from Formosa
1453:
1393:
1365:Treaty of Shimonoseki
1354:
1313:
1256:Treaty of Shimonoseki
1209:Treaty of Shimonoseki
1089:Treaty of Shimonoseki
645:Thòi-vân Mìn-chú-koet
377:Independence declared
287:Common languages
282:(June – October 1895)
190:Thòi-vân Mìn-chú-koet
80:"Republic of Formosa"
2676:archaeological sites
2565:Takashima Tomonosuke
2352:at Wikimedia Commons
1953:] (in Japanese).
1837:The History of China
1768:The Taiwanese movie
1248:captured the islands
1227:captured Port Arthur
1187:), pioneered by
1173:in East Asia, while
1019:Archaeological sites
65:improve this article
3814:Tourist attractions
3271:Maritime industries
3204:Automotive industry
3109:Chinese nationalism
3104:Chinese unification
2948:Additional Articles
2713:Republic of Formosa
2703:Kingdom of Tungning
2457:Republic of Formosa
2350:Republic of Formosa
2287:Takekoshi, Yosaburō
1757:In 2007 the Taiwan
1604:Thòng Kín-chhiùng (
1516:Taiwan independence
1373:Triple Intervention
1073:Republic of Formosa
896:Republic of Formosa
876:Kingdom of Tungning
683:Tâi-uân Bîn-tsú-kok
669:Tâi-oân Bîn-chú-kok
501:Republic of Formosa
179:Tâi-oân Bîn-chú-kok
149:Republic of Formosa
3478:Formosan languages
3301:Telecommunications
3134:North–South divide
3078:Metropolitan areas
2179:Davidson, James W.
2060:, pp. 299–306
1925:Davidson, James W.
1752:In popular culture
1707:Commander-in-chief
1460:
1399:
1369:Liaodong Peninsula
1357:
265:Unrecognized state
3870:
3869:
3822:
3821:
3600:
3599:
3570:Taiwanese Hokkien
3334:
3333:
3129:Foreign relations
3042:Regions of Taiwan
3026:Political parties
3014:Secretary-General
2871:
2870:
2818:Protected species
2758:
2757:
2728:Retreat to Taiwan
2723:Republic of China
2688:Kingdom of Middag
2604:
2603:
2555:Kabayama Sukenori
2348:Media related to
2157:Campbell, William
2093:978-0-231-51081-3
1981:, pp. 279–80
1805:History of Taiwan
1749:
1748:
1598:Tn̂g Kéng-siông (
1504:Cairo Declaration
1260:Kabayama Sukenori
1069:
1068:
1035:Taiwan portal
993:Kingdom of Middag
924:
923:
799:
798:
791:
790:
785:Taiwan Minsyukoku
771:Taiwan Minshukoku
689:
688:
569:Standard Mandarin
496:
495:
475:
474:
471:
470:
451:
450:
295:Taiwanese Hokkien
277:(May – June 1895)
141:
140:
133:
115:
16:(Redirected from
3952:
3905:Island countries
3900:Former republics
3858:
3857:
3846:
3834:
3833:
3722:Cultural history
3674:Waste management
3426:Taiwanese people
3414:
3368:National symbols
3347:National Symbols
3340:
3256:Economic history
3251:
3243:Defense industry
3087:Political issues
2992:Military history
2877:
2764:
2650:
2631:
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2617:
2608:
2550:Arichi Shinanojo
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2104:
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2049:
2048:, pp. 284–9
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1996:, p. 280;
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1965:
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1914:on 14 May 2012.
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1203:Main articles:
1201:
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1140:, pioneered by
1109:
1101:Republic of Ezo
1085:Empire of Japan
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866:Spanish Formosa
817:
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618:Tongyong Pinyin
551:Literal meaning
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3291:Taiwan Miracle
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3286:Stock exchange
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3114:Chinese Taipei
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2338:External links
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2251:978-0049510142
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2208:(4): 739–762.
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1477:fall of Tainan
1458:, 11 June 1895
1444:Main article:
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1244:mainland China
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3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3373:
3371:
3369:
3365:
3358:
3355:
3352:
3349:
3346:
3345:
3341:
3337:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
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3284:
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3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3228:
3227:
3224:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3214:List of banks
3212:
3211:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3189:
3188:
3185:
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3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
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3079:
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3067:
3064:
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3024:
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3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3006:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2993:
2990:
2989:
2988:
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2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2966:
2963:
2962:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2949:
2946:
2945:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2938:Civil defense
2936:
2934:
2931:
2927:
2924:
2923:
2922:
2919:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2882:
2878:
2874:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2804:Deforestation
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2786:
2784:
2780:
2773:
2770:
2769:
2765:
2761:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2733:Guanbi policy
2731:
2729:
2726:
2725:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2693:Dutch Formosa
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2677:
2674:
2673:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2663:
2660:
2656:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2639:
2632:
2627:
2625:
2620:
2618:
2613:
2612:
2609:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2586:Tang Jingsong
2584:
2582:
2579:
2578:
2576:
2572:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2560:Nogi Maresuke
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2542:
2540:
2536:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2509:Yunlin-Chiayi
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2486:
2484:
2480:
2475:
2468:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2429:
2427:
2423:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2402:
2397:
2395:
2390:
2388:
2383:
2382:
2379:
2363:
2359:
2354:
2351:
2346:
2342:
2341:
2337:
2323:
2319:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2293:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2266:
2262:
2257:
2253:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2185:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2163:
2158:
2154:
2153:
2148:
2140:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2114:
2109:
2108:Nitobe, Inazo
2103:
2100:
2095:
2089:
2085:
2078:
2075:
2072:, p. 755
2071:
2066:
2063:
2059:
2058:Davidson 1903
2054:
2051:
2047:
2046:Davidson 1903
2042:
2039:
2036:, p. 280
2035:
2034:Davidson 1903
2030:
2027:
2023:
2018:
2015:
2011:
2006:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1994:Davidson 1903
1990:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1979:Davidson 1903
1975:
1972:
1968:
1963:
1961:
1957:
1952:
1948:
1941:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1921:
1918:
1910:
1903:
1902:
1894:
1891:
1887:
1885:
1880:
1876:
1875:
1870:
1864:
1861:
1857:
1849:
1847:9780313377488
1843:
1839:
1838:
1830:
1827:
1820:
1815:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1802:
1798:
1797:Taiwan portal
1787:
1782:
1777:
1773:
1772:
1767:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1755:
1751:
1740:
1732:
1728:
1720:
1717:
1713:
1710:
1702:
1699:Liû Yún-fuk (
1696:
1693:Lâu Éng-hok (
1690:
1676:
1675:
1668:
1664:
1662:
1658:
1650:
1642:
1638:
1633:
1625:
1622:
1618:
1615:
1607:
1601:
1595:
1581:
1580:
1579:Tang Jingsong
1573:
1569:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1553:
1550:(Birth–Death)
1543:
1540:
1539:
1533:
1531:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1520:Tang Jingsong
1517:
1509:
1507:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1484:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1468:
1466:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1439:
1437:
1433:
1426:
1424:
1422:
1421:Tang Jingsong
1418:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1404:national flag
1397:
1392:
1388:
1386:
1385:Tang Jingsong
1382:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1353:
1349:
1342:
1339:
1336:
1333:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1310:
1302:
1300:
1298:
1294:
1293:Zhang Zhidong
1289:
1288:his victories
1285:
1281:
1277:
1276:Tang Jingsong
1273:
1265:
1263:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1252:fait accompli
1249:
1245:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1219:Beiyang fleet
1216:
1210:
1206:
1198:
1196:
1194:
1190:
1182:
1176:
1172:
1158:
1153:
1152:
1147:
1146:Henry Wheaton
1143:
1139:
1131:
1124:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1062:
1057:
1055:
1050:
1048:
1043:
1042:
1040:
1039:
1036:
1026:
1025:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1006:
1005:
1004:
999:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
980:
979:
978:
973:
968:
965:
963:
960:
958:
955:
953:
950:
948:
945:
943:
940:
938:
935:
934:
933:
932:
927:
919:
917:
914:
913:
909:
907:
906:Japanese rule
904:
903:
899:
897:
894:
893:
889:
887:
884:
883:
879:
877:
874:
873:
869:
867:
864:
863:
859:
857:
856:Dutch Formosa
854:
853:
849:
847:
844:
843:
840:
839:
836:
835:Chronological
832:
828:
824:
823:
820:
813:
808:
802:
794:
782:
780:
776:
768:
766:
762:
757:
753:
745:
743:
739:
731:
729:
725:
717:
715:
711:
703:
701:
697:
694:Japanese name
692:
680:
678:
674:
666:
664:
661:
657:
654:
650:
642:
640:
636:
633:
629:
621:
619:
615:
607:
605:
601:
593:
591:
587:
579:
577:
573:
570:
566:
561:
557:
553:
549:
541:
539:
535:
530:
527:
524:
519:
517:
513:
508:
504:
499:
492:
487:
482:
480:Today part of
478:
462:
460:
457:
456:
453:
447:
444:
437:
436:
433:
432:
429:
426:
424:
421:
420:
416:
413:
410:
406:
402:
398:
395:
385:
382:
378:
365:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
343:
334:
333:Tang Jingsong
331:
317:
310:
307:
303:
300:
296:
292:
289:
285:
281:
276:
273:
269:
266:
263:
259:
254:
248:
243:
239:
228:
224:
220:
213:
206:
201:
196:
191:
185:
180:
174:
169:
162:
146:
143:
135:
132:
124:
113:
110:
106:
103:
99:
96:
92:
89:
85:
82: –
81:
77:
76:Find sources:
70:
66:
60:
59:
54:This article
52:
48:
43:
42:
37:
33:
19:
3872:
3859:
3847:
3835:
3664:Superlatives
3649:Prostitution
3612:Architecture
3418:Demographics
3219:Central bank
3197:Floriculture
3094:Conscription
2972:Intelligence
2960:Human rights
2943:Constitution
2858:Superlatives
2853:Scenic areas
2738:White Terror
2712:
2596:Lin Shao-mao
2456:
2366:. Retrieved
2364:. p. 12
2362:Taipei Times
2361:
2325:. Retrieved
2322:Taipei Times
2321:
2291:
2260:
2241:
2205:
2201:
2183:
2161:
2137:
2117:
2111:
2102:
2083:
2077:
2065:
2053:
2041:
2029:
2024:, p. 81
2017:
2005:
2000:, p. 83
1974:
1950:
1946:
1940:
1928:
1920:
1909:the original
1900:
1893:
1882:
1872:
1863:
1851:
1836:
1829:
1810:Gotō Shinpei
1775:
1769:
1762:
1687:Liú Yǒngfú (
1672:
1660:
1577:
1565:
1528:Nitobe Inazō
1513:
1496:World War II
1485:
1469:
1463:Qiu fled to
1461:
1434:
1430:
1414:
1400:
1381:Li Hongzhang
1358:
1346:
1337:
1331:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1314:
1306:
1269:
1251:
1212:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1149:
1137:
1127:
1125:
1120:
1117:Ilha Formosa
1116:
1110:
1081:Qing dynasty
1072:
1070:
920:1945–present
895:
779:Kunrei-shiki
765:Romanization
653:Southern Min
639:Romanization
576:Hanyu Pinyin
510:Chinese name
428:Succeeded by
427:
422:
381:Qing dynasty
348:
340:• 1895
328:• 1895
226:
142:
127:
118:
108:
101:
94:
87:
75:
63:Please help
58:verification
55:
3807:tea culture
3772:Photography
3458:Waishengren
3192:Aquaculture
3187:Agriculture
2965:LGBT rights
2823:Hot springs
2809:Earthquakes
2743:Martial law
2591:Qiu Fengjia
2070:Lamley 1968
1721:5 June 1895
1705:(1837–1917)
1643:5 June 1895
1626:25 May 1895
1610:(1841–1903)
1407:symbolism.
1377:Li Jingfang
1297:Chen Jitong
1272:Qiu Fengjia
1235:Shimonoseki
1215:went to war
1189:Sun Yat-sen
947:Educational
816:History of
423:Preceded by
386:23 May 1895
3879:Categories
3767:Philosophy
3742:Literature
3639:Healthcare
3498:Kanakanavu
3250:(currency)
3159:Two Chinas
3031:Propaganda
2999:Parliament
2933:Censorship
2907:Government
2885:Government
2671:Prehistory
2581:Liu Yongfu
2529:Changhsing
2489:Pescadores
2425:Background
2270:0521817145
2120:(4): 351.
2010:Paine 2003
1879:Sacramento
1816:References
1674:Liu Yongfu
1524:suzerainty
1280:Liu Yongfu
1239:Pescadores
1199:Background
1113:Portuguese
967:Television
846:Prehistory
720:タイワンミンシュコク
706:たいわんみんしゅこく
604:Wade–Giles
345:Liu Yongfu
305:Government
91:newspapers
3697:Animation
3659:Squatting
3634:Education
3470:Languages
3226:Companies
3004:President
2955:Elections
2863:Volcanoes
2838:Mountains
2782:Overviews
2772:Geography
2504:Baguashan
2279:22020888M
2230:162833818
1821:Citations
1695:Taiwanese
1612:President
1600:Taiwanese
1494:. During
1490:, future
1473:Baguashan
1231:Weihaiwei
1223:Manchuria
1175:mínzhǔguó
1157:kyōkakoku
1129:mínzhǔguó
1126:The term
1107:Etymology
983:Kaohsiung
910:1895–1945
890:1683–1895
886:Qing rule
880:1662–1683
870:1626–1642
860:1624–1662
742:Shinjitai
412:Qing Tael
315:President
184:Taiwanese
3837:Category
3792:T-Beauty
3777:Religion
3732:Gambling
3565:Mandarin
3533:Sakizaya
3528:Saisiyat
3390:proposed
3296:Taxation
3266:Forestry
3119:Dang Guo
3061:Counties
2987:Military
2912:politics
2890:Politics
2642:articles
2519:Chiatung
2309:6986981M
2289:(1907).
2240:(1968).
2193:6931635M
2181:(1903).
2171:7051071M
2159:(1915).
2134:29737924
1947:成城大学経済研究
1935:6931635M
1927:(1903).
1783:See also
1741:28-10-21
1718:, China
1689:Mandarin
1623:, China
1594:Mandarin
1544:Portrait
1440:Collapse
1171:republic
1138:republic
1009:Timeline
962:Military
942:Economic
937:Cultural
807:a series
805:Part of
728:Kyūjitai
714:Katakana
700:Hiragana
590:Bopomofo
408:Currency
349:de facto
309:Republic
291:Mandarin
173:Mandarin
121:May 2017
3861:Outline
3782:Smoking
3712:Cuisine
3689:Culture
3605:Society
3592:Braille
3560:Sinitic
3503:Kavalan
3357:Culture
3353:Society
3311:Tourism
3306:Textile
3248:Dollar
3231:Largest
3209:Banking
3179:Economy
2926:Premier
2921:Cabinet
2895:Economy
2828:Islands
2799:Climate
2789:Beaches
2655:History
2499:Hsinchu
2494:Keelung
2368:19 June
2222:2051577
2149:Sources
1765:(亂世豪門).
1716:Guangxi
1712:Qinzhou
1639:28-5-25
1632:Guangxu
1621:Guangxi
1534:Leaders
1488:Lin Sen
1427:Defense
1361:Beijing
1121:Formosa
1087:in the
929:Topical
850:to 1624
660:Hokkien
392:•
375:•
271:Capital
161:Chinese
105:scholar
3849:Portal
3787:Sports
3707:Cinema
3538:Seediq
3523:Saaroa
3513:Puyuma
3508:Paiwan
3488:Atayal
3453:Hakkas
3448:Hoklos
3410:People
3396:Flower
3381:Emblem
3376:Anthem
3350:People
3276:Mining
3261:Energy
3066:Cities
2848:Rivers
2794:Cities
2640:
2638:Taiwan
2524:Tainan
2514:Chiayi
2327:4 June
2307:
2301:753129
2299:
2277:
2267:
2248:
2228:
2220:
2191:
2169:
2132:
2090:
1854:
1844:
1729:28-6-5
1651:28-6-5
1634:21-5-2
1617:Guilin
1500:Allies
1465:Tamsui
1456:Taipei
1417:yamens
1225:, and
1180:mínguó
1093:Tainan
1014:Rulers
988:Taipei
818:Taiwan
809:on the
677:Tâi-lô
318:
280:Tainan
275:Taipei
261:Status
232:民主國之寶印
157:
107:
100:
93:
86:
78:
36:Taiwan
3757:Opera
3752:Music
3747:Media
3727:Drama
3679:Women
3617:Crime
3575:Hakka
3518:Rukai
3493:Bunun
3401:Seals
2833:Lakes
2226:S2CID
2218:JSTOR
2130:JSTOR
1949:[
1912:(PDF)
1905:(PDF)
1884:Denby
1739:Meiji
1727:Meiji
1701:Hakka
1649:Meiji
1637:Meiji
1606:Hakka
1560:Days
1191:(see
1001:Lists
975:Local
748:台湾民主国
734:臺灣民主國
632:Hakka
544:台湾民主国
379:from
299:Hakka
195:Hakka
154:臺灣民主國
112:JSTOR
98:books
3716:wine
3553:Yami
3548:Tsou
3543:Thao
3483:Amis
3443:Hans
3386:Flag
2910:and
2370:2016
2329:2018
2297:OCLC
2265:ISBN
2246:ISBN
2088:ISBN
1842:ISBN
1771:1895
1745:138
1547:Name
1229:and
1207:and
1071:The
957:LGBT
900:1895
251:The
219:Flag
203:1895
84:news
3802:Tea
3702:Art
2977:Law
2210:doi
2122:doi
1856:...
1681:劉永福
1655:13
1586:唐景崧
1541:No.
1332:ssu
1195:).
1164:共和國
1148:'s
1134:民主國
663:POJ
67:by
3881::
2816:/
2360:.
2320:.
2305:OL
2303:.
2275:OL
2273:.
2224:.
2216:.
2206:27
2204:.
2189:OL
2167:OL
2136:.
2128:.
2116:.
1986:^
1959:^
1933:OL
1877:.
1871:.
1850:.
1714:,
1619:,
1483:.
1185:民國
526:民主
523:臺灣
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