643:
628:
952:
only specimen known to Wolfe and Wehr, there are eight secondary veins on one side of the primary, and nine secondaries on the opposite side. The thinner basal seconday pair both branch from the primary at an angle of around 50° before taking rather irregular paths towards the leaf margin, curving upwards and merging with tertiary veins below the next secondary apical. The middle secondaries fork from the primary vein at increasing degrees of angle basally to apically, shifting from 45° up to 55°. The tertiary veins form a reticulate vein structure between the secondaries, the quaternaries are similarly reticulate, typically forming into quadrangular and pentagonal shapes with quinternary veinlets forming
933:
The middle and more basal secondary veins have a broad upward curving path as they approach the margin, while the upper secondaries have a more pronounced and quicker upturn. The veins loop upwards towards the next secondary up, before joining with a fork from the next secondary up or with a tertiary vein. There are typically no interseconday veins forking from the primary vein, but the secondaries typically have several branches that fork at low angles from the lower sides. The tertiary veins can run the full space between two secondaries, branch, or form orthogonal junctions and polygonal
526:
121:
590:
142:
1351:
597:
533:
561:
547:
1014:. The apex is usually acutely pointed, while the bases range between cordate and wedge like cuneate. The stout 4–5 cm (1.6–2.0 in) petiole transitions into a thick primary vein running up the center of the leave blade. The leaves typically have ten to twelve pairs of secondaries, 1-3 more than seen in
983:
are most frequently broadly rounded in shape, with rare specimens showing a more cordate base. Where they are known, the petioles are between 3.0–3.3 cm (1.2–1.3 in) in length. The secondaries branch from the primary at irregularly spaced intervals with departure angles between 40°-60°, a
932:
are smooth margined, with a symmetrical outline and simple pinnate venation. The secondary veins fork from the midvein with a transition from a high fork angle near the apex though a low fork angle in the middle region of the leaf and then back to a high angle on the basal most pair of secondaries.
951:
are a wide elliptic in outline with an apparently thick leathery texture in life. The leaf base is an narrow v-shape in outline while the apex is broad and slightly pointed. The petiole is thick transitioning into the base of the primary vein which gradually narrows from leaf base to apex. In the
703:
In 1968 Wolfe finished his monograph on the fossil plants of the Puget Groups Green River gorge, among which were a series of leaves which he deemed the same as the Ione fossils. However, he disagreed with MacGinities placement of the species in
Lauraceae and opted to follow
427:
age often being reported. However other authors suggest the age may be mistaken, based on anomalously low mean annual temperature estimates compared to other sites purported to be the same age located north and inland of the Chalk Bluffs site, with a possible
784:
and heart shaped base surrounding are found in lauraceous genera, and the distinct quaternary and quintery veins are seen in
Moraceous genera, all those characters combined are not seen in either family. As such MacGinitie moved the species to
1018:, which fork from the primary vein irregularly lower in the leaves then transitioning into sub-opposite forking in the upper portion of the leaves. The branch angle for secondaries in middle section of the leaves is around 50°. The
765:. As with MacGinities species, Wolfe did not give an etymological explanation for the species, though the paper does discuss the Kummer sandstone bed being the base of the Kummerian section at the type locality for the stage.
978:
is more than 2:1. The general size range reported by Wolfe is between 7.5–11.0 cm (3.0–4.3 in) long and 3.0–5.3 cm (1.2–2.1 in) wide with between 9 and 10 pairs of secondaries. The bases of
864:
Wolfe and Wehr again discussed the possible taxonomic affinities for the genus, noting it to be rather uncertain. They again discounted a placement within
Lauraceae, despite superficial similarity to
1047:
Wolfe, J.A.; Wehr, W.C. (1987). Middle Eocene dicotyledonous plants from
Republic, northeastern Washington (Report). Bulletin. Vol. 1597. United States Geological Survey. pp. 1–25.
662:
species to be named was initially studied and described by Harry MacGinitie in 1941 based on fossils from the Ione
Formations Chalk Bluff and Buckeye Flat sites. Based on a series of five
1022:
also have distinct and well developed branch veins forking off the external or basal sides of the secondaries before curving out towards the margin and then upwards to the next secondary.
1304:
Archibald, S. B.; Cannings, R. A. (2021). "A new genus and species of
Euphaeidae (Odonata, Zygoptera) from the early Eocene Okanagan Highlands locality at Republic, Washington, U.S.A.".
1118:
Wolfe, J.A. (1968). Paleogene
Biostratigraphy of nonmarine rocks in King County, Washington (Report). Professional Paper. Vol. 571. United States Geological Survey. pp. 1–29.
757:. Found at five sites in the Green River gorge area, Wolfe states that the two species form a gradual series, with the leaves having less than a 2:1 length/width ratio being placed in
1393:
675:
1182:
1160:
Wolfe, J.A. (1977). Paleogene floras from the Gulf of Alaska region (Report). Professional Paper. Vol. 997. United States
Geological Survey. pp. 1–108.
888:
seem to exlcude a family relationship. As such Wolfe and Wehr were still uncertain regarding the taxons higher affiliation and suggested placement into subclass
1413:
1010:
range between 20–22 cm (7.9–8.7 in) long and 8–10 cm (3.1–3.9 in) wide, with an obovate outline different from the elliptical outline of
574:
525:
1398:
1408:
1383:
1187:
452:
511:
1403:
502:(as the "Kushtaka formation"), in the panhandle of southeast Alaska. The formation was reported by Wolfe 1977 as early Oligocene and of the
1418:
1092:
Prothero, D.; Thompson, A.; DeSantis, S. (2011). "Magnetic stratigraphy of the late Eocene La Porte flora, northern
Sierras, California".
589:
1433:
1378:
610:
911:
In 2021, a new genus of damselflies was described from the
Klondike Mountain Formation at Republic, and the genus was named the
776:
which he and Wolfe had talked over after Wolfes 1968 paper. Both paleobotanists were of the same opinion that placement within
120:
141:
808:, he also maintained that it was closely related to the leaved from Alaska and the Puget Group. So he moved the species to
490:
on the other hand first appears in the Puget groups late Ravenian and is found frequently in the Kummerian age sites. The
1355:
953:
934:
398:
897:
405:
858:
804:
while reporting it from the "Kushtaka formation" in Alaska. While he acknowledged and backed the 1969 move to
1428:
514:. The Kummerian has subsequently been revised to spanning between 40 mya and the Eocene-Oligocene boundary.
456:
833:
of unique venation and uncertain placement but bearing a similarity with both the species then included in
415:
has been identified from its type locality at the "Chalk bluffs" site in the northern area of California's
1388:
916:
1423:
1373:
1270:
1196:
822:
793:
769:
495:
444:
219:
20:
416:
837:. They chose to erect a new genus, named for Republic, which encompassed the two older species as
714:
499:
475:
686:
1329:
1243:
754:
370:
253:
136:
845:
respectively, along with the new species from Republic. Wolfe and Wehr named their new species
768:
The next year, while discussing general taxonomic changes in western fossil floras, MacGinitie (
510:
coming from two sites outcropping along the southern slopes of Carbon Mountain above Berg Lake,
1321:
1286:
912:
377:
are uncertain, with the most recent placement being tentatively in the now broken up subclass
1181:
Retallack, G.J.; Orr, W.N.; Prothero, D.R.; Duncan, R.A.; Kester, P.R.; Ambers, C.P. (2004).
1313:
1278:
1235:
1204:
1161:
1119:
1048:
893:
781:
684:. He did not give specific details on the etymology, but chose to place the new species in
420:
705:
179:
970:
are obovate in general outline, with a more elongate outline then the proposed ancestral
1274:
1200:
797:
being a form genus for angiosperm leaf fossils of uncertain family or higher affinity.
996:
has frequent intersecondary veins branching from the primary between the secondaries.
663:
189:
166:
1367:
1333:
901:
889:
460:
440:
378:
211:
78:
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937:. Similarly the quaternary veins are branched and also form a polygonal reticulum.
870:, based on the lack of branches along the lower sides of the secondaries as seen in
905:
821:
During the study of fossil angiosperms from the Klondike Mountain Formation around
709:
1073:
MacGinitie, H. D. (1941). "A Middle Eocene Flora from the Central Sierra Nevada".
956:
enclosing a freely ending veinlet that may be unbranched or singularly branched.
1261:
Larsson, S. (2007). "The "new" chemosystematics: Phylogeny and phytochemistry".
1223:
826:
696:
448:
215:
53:
1317:
884:, as superficially similar, but the numerous and well developed secondaries in
876:
344:
98:
63:
694:-like leaves, while noting that he considered the most similar species to be
691:
503:
479:
103:
47:
41:
1325:
1290:
1144:
The Eocene green River flora of northwestern Colorado and northeastern Utah
1350:
1183:"Eocene–Oligocene extinction and paleoclimatic change near Eugene, Oregon"
881:
854:
739:
725:
483:
435:
age begin suggested by Donald Prothero et al. (2011). Leaves assigned to
424:
402:
93:
88:
73:
68:
58:
37:
423:, based on attempted correlation to the Ione type strata resulting in a
1247:
866:
108:
83:
19:
This article is about the fossil plant. For the fossil damselfly, see
1208:
366:
1239:
430:
1166:
1124:
1053:
853:
as the holotype and noted that the species epithet as coined as a
153:
1224:"An ordinal classification for the families of flowering plants"
419:. The site has been variously assigned to the early Eocene by
373:
along the Pacific coast of North America. The affiliations of
974:, which typically has a length:width of less than 2:1, while
761:
and those with a length/width greater than 2:1 considered as
900:
broke up the subclass in the late 1990's, with at least one
393:
are all known from western North America. The type species
466:
Similar looking leaves were assigned to the third species
861:
for his work on angiosperm leaf morphology comparison.
904:, Sonny Larsson, describing Hamamelididae as "grossly
780:
and thus Moraceae was wrong. While the thick and long
712:. As such the species was moved to the form genus
678:paleobotany collection, he named the new species
1137:
1135:
1068:
1066:
1064:
676:University of California Museum of Paleontology
1075:Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication
1094:New Mexico Museum of Natural History Bulletin
8:
708:choice of genus for similar leaves from the
1155:
1153:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1107:
896:. Molecular phylogenetics published by the
482:stages before becoming scarce in the early
119:
27:
1165:
1123:
1052:
1042:
1040:
1038:
1036:
1034:
728:. Wolfe also described a second species
470:with the two separated by geochronology.
389:The three species currently assigned to
1394:Flora of the Northwestern United States
1228:Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden
1222:The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (1998).
1030:
724:, with suggested family affiliation in
303:
271:
1188:Geological Society of America Bulletin
7:
347:which includes three known species:
1414:Prehistoric plants of North America
596:
532:
984:greater range than seen in either
812:as well under the new combination
14:
1146:. University of California Press.
408:of northwest central Washington.
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641:
626:
595:
588:
560:
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545:
531:
524:
140:
1283:10.1016/j.phytochem.2007.09.015
131:holotype, Republic, Washington
1399:Extinct flora of North America
474:is most frequent in the older
365:. The genus has been found in
328:(MacGinitie) MacGinitie, 18 69
1:
1409:Prehistoric angiosperm genera
1384:Fossil taxa described in 1987
874:. Likewise, they considered
546:
494:range was expanded by Wolfe (
1404:Eocene life of North America
829:identified a leaf, specimen
1419:Klondike Mountain Formation
815:Dicotylophyllum kummerensis
788:Dicotylophyllum litseafolia
504:Kummerian paleofloral stage
399:Klondike Mountain Formation
324:Dicotylophyllum litseafolia
283:Dicotylophyllum kummerensis
1450:
1318:10.11646/zootaxa.4966.3.11
898:Angiosperm Phylogeny Group
697:Cryptocary multipaniculata
518:History and classification
18:
1434:Enigmatic angiosperm taxa
774:Artocarpoides litseafolia
731:Artocarpoides kummerensis
721:Artocarpoides litseafolia
512:Hoonah–Angoon Census Area
411:The first named species,
406:Eocene Okanagan Highlands
343:is an enigmatic genus of
315:Artocarpoides litseafolia
274:Artocarpoides kummerensis
259:
252:
231:
226:
137:Scientific classification
135:
127:
118:
30:
1379:Plants described in 1987
681:Laurophyllum litseafolia
319:(MacGinitie) Wolfe, 1968
306:Laurophyllum litseafolia
1142:MacGinitie, H. (1969).
718:as the new combination
457:King County, Washington
439:were later reported by
433: million years ago
800:Wolfe again addressed
636:cotype; Ione Formation
16:Genus of fossil plants
1008:Republica litseafolia
968:Republica kummerensis
892:of the now abandoned
843:Republica litseafolia
839:Republica kummerensis
651:holotype; Puget Group
649:Republica kummerensis
634:Republica litseafolia
362:Republica litseafolia
356:Republica kummerensis
1360:at Wikimedia Commons
1269:(22–24): 2904–2908.
928:Leaves of the genus
823:Republic, Washington
611:class=notpageimage|
575:class=notpageimage|
21:Republica weatbrooki
1275:2007PChem..68.2904L
1201:2004GSAB..116..817R
500:Kulthieth Formation
397:is isolated to the
371:geologic formations
287:(Wolfe) Wolfe, 1977
772:) again discussed
755:US National Museum
753:, all part of the
447:) from the Eocene
1354:Media related to
949:Republica hickeyi
880:, then placed in
847:Republica hickeyi
825:, Jack Wolfe and
690:a form genus for
498:) to include the
453:Green River gorge
350:Republica hickeyi
336:
335:
222:
129:Republica hickeyi
1441:
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1195:(7–8): 817–839.
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894:Cronquist system
802:"A." kummerensis
706:Edward W. Berrys
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345:flowering plants
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310:MacGinitie, 1941
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36:Temporal range:
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992:. Additionally
964:
945:
926:
902:pharmacognosist
851:USNM 32697A, B.
835:Dicotylophyllum
831:USNM 32697A, B.
810:Dicotylophyllum
794:Dicotylophyllum
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1429:Ione Formation
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1344:External links
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1312:(3): 392–400.
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1263:Phytochemistry
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1234:(4): 531–553.
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1020:R. litseafolia
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1001:R. litseafolia
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994:R. kummerensis
990:R. litseafolia
981:R. kummerensis
976:R. kummerensis
972:R. litseafolia
966:The leaves of
963:
961:R. kummerensis
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806:D. litseafolia
763:A. kummerensis
759:A. litseafolia
734:from holotype
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417:Ione Formation
413:R. litseafolia
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22:
1356:
1309:
1305:
1299:
1266:
1262:
1256:
1231:
1227:
1217:
1192:
1186:
1176:
1143:
1097:
1093:
1087:
1078:
1074:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1005:
1000:
993:
989:
985:
980:
975:
971:
967:
965:
960:
948:
946:
941:
929:
927:
915:
910:
906:polyphyletic
885:
875:
871:
865:
863:
850:
846:
842:
838:
834:
830:
820:
814:
813:
809:
805:
801:
799:
792:
787:
786:
777:
773:
767:
762:
758:
750:
746:
742:
735:
730:
729:
720:
719:
713:
710:Wilcox Group
702:
695:
687:Laurophyllum
685:
680:
679:
671:
667:
659:
657:
648:
633:
617:distribution
614:
581:distribution
578:
507:
491:
487:
486:localities.
471:
467:
465:
436:
412:
410:
394:
390:
388:
385:Distribution
374:
361:
360:
355:
354:
349:
348:
339:
338:
337:
323:
314:
305:
296:
282:
273:
264:
244:
239:
234:
205:
204:
190:
173:
160:
128:
31:
25:
1424:Puget Group
1374:Angiosperms
924:Description
913:hemihomonym
827:Wesley Wehr
603:Carbon Mtn.
539:Chalk Bluff
476:Franklinian
449:Puget Group
278:Wolfe, 1968
180:Angiosperms
46:51–33
1368:Categories
1100:: 629–635.
1026:References
1016:R. hickeyi
1012:R. hickeyi
1006:Leaves of
986:R. hickeyi
947:Leaves of
942:R. hickeyi
877:Gironniera
859:Leo Hickey
751:USNM 42159
747:USNM 42158
743:USNM 42105
736:USNM 42104
666:, numbers
658:The first
461:Jack Wolfe
441:Jack Wolfe
395:R. hickeyi
235:R. hickeyi
1357:Republica
1334:235557114
930:Republica
917:Republica
886:Republica
872:Republica
740:paratypes
692:Lauraceae
660:Republica
615:Republica
579:Republica
480:Fultonian
391:Republica
375:Republica
340:Republica
206:Republica
150:Kingdom:
42:Kummerian
32:Republica
1326:34186607
1291:17977566
1081:: 1–178.
882:Ulmaceae
855:patronym
726:Moraceae
567:Republic
484:Ravenian
425:Ypresian
403:Ypresian
299:synonymy
267:synonymy
254:Synonyms
227:Species
38:Ypresian
1306:Zootaxa
1271:Bibcode
1248:2992015
1197:Bibcode
954:areolea
935:areolae
867:Clethra
849:, with
782:petiole
674:in the
664:cotypes
401:in the
198:Genus:
186:Order:
154:Plantae
1332:
1324:
1289:
1246:
749:, and
367:Eocene
359:, and
214:&
1330:S2CID
1244:JSTOR
553:Puget
506:with
212:Wolfe
174:Clade
161:Clade
1322:PMID
1310:4966
1287:PMID
857:for
841:and
770:1969
738:and
672:2203
668:2199
496:1977
478:and
445:1968
369:age
220:1987
216:Wehr
54:PreꞒ
1314:doi
1279:doi
1236:doi
1205:doi
1193:116
1162:doi
1120:doi
1079:534
1049:doi
988:or
908:".
818:.
463:.
459:by
455:in
1370::
1328:.
1320:.
1308:.
1285:.
1277:.
1267:68
1265:.
1242:.
1232:85
1230:.
1226:.
1203:.
1191:.
1185:.
1152:^
1134:^
1106:^
1098:53
1096:.
1077:.
1063:^
1033:^
920:.
791:,
745:,
700:.
670:-
431:37
381:.
353:,
218:,
176::
163::
104:Pg
48:Ma
1336:.
1316::
1293:.
1281::
1273::
1250:.
1238::
1211:.
1207::
1199::
1170:.
1164::
1128:.
1122::
1057:.
1051::
443:(
202:†
109:N
99:K
94:J
89:T
84:P
79:C
74:D
69:S
64:O
59:Ꞓ
40:-
23:.
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