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single-family houses that were to form a separate estate, bringing the total envisaged number of residents in
Retkinia down to c. 70-80,000. The estate was originally designed with an adequate number of green spaces, shops and other services, but public pressure and the demand for living quarters led to streamlining the construction effort to focus on blocks of flats only, resulting in a three-shift school system due to a shortage of school buildings coupled with a period of baby boom, and forcing many local residents to do their shopping in the city centre. The situation gradually improved in the 1980s. The quality of the blocks of flats also left much to be desired, with numerous complaints about flooded cellars and faulty heaters (which had to be replaced in more than 400 buildings) prompting the local authorities to undertake a massive program of repairs. Because of this situation the word ‘Retkinia’ accreted negative associations and was sometimes used in the 1980s as a generic term for an unwelcoming and ugly block housing estate. High-pressure gas installation in Retkinia proved to be dangerous, and in 1982 there was a gas explosion that led to two deaths. In 1983 another gas explosion demolished one of the buildings, leading to 8 casualties. This led to a complete remodelling of the gas network in Retkinia.
259:
292:. On 1 January 1940 Retkinia was incorporated into the city of Łódź by the German administration under the name of Erzhausen. The Polish population was evicted from their land in 1942-1943, and the total number of wartime casualties among the residents of Retkinia amounted to 144. The decision of the occupant regime to make Retkinia part of Łódź was reversed after the end of World War II, but not for long, and in 1946 the Polish authorities reincorporated the village into the city.
94:, an expression glossed as "cast the net." This could either refer to the act of throwing fishing nets (which would suggest that the area was rich in fish) or to casting away hunting nets and settling down, which would account for the origin of farming in the area. Neither "ret" nor "kiń" are in use in contemporary Polish, and the etymology is a matter of guesswork. Another theory suggests that the name of the district derives from the personal name
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176:. The year 1875 saw a reparceling of land, which led to the creation of six areas of settlement (Długa Kolonia, Mała Kolonia, Działy, Brzózki, Piaski and Zagrodniki) that were to form the structure of Retkinia until the construction of the housing estate in the 1970s. According to official statistics from 1827, the village of Retkinia (then located in
326:
Retkinia bus and tram terminus, located at the western end of the housing estate, serves as a major public transport hub for the south-western part of the city of Łódź. Tram connections provide easy access to the city centre, and " centrally laid tram line makes it one of the best served districts in
73:, Retkinia was incorporated into Łódź in 1946. According to information provided by Łódź city council, the district has a population of around 60,000 people. Retkinia is one of 56 districts recognized by the Urban Information System in Łódź, but in terms of municipal administration it is divided into
410:
To the north-west of
Retkinia, an open field and woodland area leads to the nearby district of Brus. The Brus Tram Depot, transformed into a public transport museum, and a World War II bomb shelter open to visitors are only 0.6 km (0.37 mi) away from Retkinia’s northern end. Both the depot
406:
Las
Lublinek, the city’s second largest municipal forest (with an area of 90,43 hectares), is located 2 km (1.2 mi) south of Retkinia (on the south side of the Warsaw-Kalisz railway), and its woodland area and ponds attract many residents of the district. The area between the forest and
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By 1956 Retkinia had a population of more than 5500, retaining much of its rural character. A tram link to the city centre was established in 1955. Tram no. 19 had its terminus by the fire station next to the church. The significance of the connection for the local community was commemorated by a
203:
Information about folk culture in
Retkinia comes from a historical survey written by the local priest Paweł Załuska and his brother Leonard. Writing in 1914, four years after the establishment of the local parish, they point to a high degree of superstition among the local population in the 19th
171:
in
Congress Poland in 1864. Nencki tried to force the local peasants back into serfdom in 1864 but met with resistance and failed. In 1851 the eastern part of the village (later known as Zagrodniki) was struck by a devastating fire, and in 1855 the area experienced a famine caused by protracted
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both the German and the
Russian armies requisitioned food, horses, machinery and precious metals from the village. In 1916 a hailstorm struck Retkinia, causing massive damage in the fields, and further worsening the difficult wartime economic situation of the population. In the interwar period
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century, possibly a result of the distance between the village of
Retkinia and the parish church in Pabianice, which contributed to low levels of participation in religious services. Among local customs Załuska and Załuska mention throwing peas into the air at Christmas Eve dinner as a form of
370:, located about 1.5 km (0.93 mi) south of Retkinia. Despite the short distance, no direct tram or bus connections provide access to the airport from Retkinia, but route 65, which serves the airport, allows for an easy interchange with buses that reach the inner core of the district.
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Following the construction of the housing district, the church, which by the late 1970s was too small for the growing congregation, was expanded. Construction work began in 1978 and continued well into the 1980s, although the main phase of construction finished by 1982. The building lost its
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In the 1960s a decision was made to construct a large housing estate of concrete panel buildings in
Retkinia. Construction work began in 1971. According to initial plans, it was to accommodate as many as 120,000 people, but the area south of the railway tracks was eventually designated for
390:Łódź Botanical Garden is adjacent to Retkinia from the north-east. One of the largest botanical gardens in Poland, it has an area of 67 hectares. There are twelve artificial hillocks in the garden, covered with granite, limestone and sandstone blocks. The highest of these host an
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directed against witchcraft, wrapping straw from the
Christmas table around orchard trees to secure a good harvest, and dashing home from the church in carts to make the horses sweat, which was supposed to save them from sweating during labour in the fields. Local celebrations of
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rather than the fledgling town of Łódź. First mentioned in an ecclesiastical document in 1398, the village was administratively part of the Roman
Catholic parish of St. Matthew in Pabianice from the late Middle Ages until 1910, and together with Pabianice it belonged to the
476:
artist INTI, painted on one of the many blocks of flats in Retkinia. The painting was executed in 2013 and sparked a great deal of controversy due to its religious connotations. The mural is almost 35 metres high and presents the figure of a traveller surrounded by
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Retkinia has been transformed into a woodland park in recent years, forming a continuous green area of more than 140 hectares, with a stretch of green land north of the railway also turned into a park, further extending the recreational area south of the district.
342:, one of the two main stations in Łódź, is located only 1.5 km (0.93 mi) north-east of the housing estate’s eastern end and is served by a number of bus and tram routes that run between Retkinia and the city centre. The area is also served directly by
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whose beaks face one another. The sculpture stands at the eastern end of the housing estate, at the point of entry to Retkinia from the city centre, and it is considered to be a symbol of the district. Gałkiewicz is also the author of another sculpture,
143:. After negotiations between the Chapter and the Prussian government following the second partition of Poland, the Chapter was compensated for the loss of lands, which became a property of the Prussian state, later to be incorporated into the
402:
and Polish flora section. Łódź Zoo and Zdrowie Park (the largest in the city) are located on the far end of the Botanical Garden and together they comprise a vast green area serving the needs of not only Retkinia but the entire
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Following the fall of communism in 1989, a number of new shopping centres, cafes and restaurants opened in Retkinia, and the district is now considered to be one of the most attractive places of residence in Łódź.
77:
Karolew-Retkinia Wschód (Eastern Retkinia, including the district of Karolew) and Osiedle Retkinia Zachód-Smulsko (Western Retkinia, including the district of Smulsko). The dominant type of housing in Retkinia is
163:. In 1839 the State Treasury sold the forest in Retkinia to brothers Konstanty and Jan Sięmiątkowski, and in 1841 the village was transferred into the ownership of Mateusz Lubowidzki, a member of the
504:
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280:(1918-1939) the social structure of the village changed, accommodating many new craftsmen. In 1934 Retkinia was electrified (though some households were electrified as late as in 1951).
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style, was consecrated. The village cemetery, surviving to this day, was also established in 1910. In 1914 Retkinia had a population of 1576, of which 63% were literate. During
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were particularly unrestrained, with incidents of young girls being thrown into troughs and poured with water sometimes leading to death of exposure. The village had its own
367:
507:. The figure provided (37497+26767=64264) includes Karolew and Smulsko, so it is reasonable to assume the population of Retkinia proper to be around 60,000.
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the city for public transport." There are also direct bus connections to the Nowy Józefów industrial area, Port Łódź mall, as well as the nearby town of
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A Catholic parish was established in Retkinia in 1910, and after three years of construction work (on 17 August 1913), the new church, built in the
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named Jan Chrzciciel Szer, a settler from Rheinland, who practised folk-medicine with the help of herbal remedies as well as charms and prayers.
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There are no municipal parks in Retkinia, but recreational green areas are to be found around the district, contiguous with its outer rim.
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There are a few notable public sculptures in Retkinia, and a large-scale mural that is part of the Urban Forms Gallery of murals in Łódź.
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monument erected in 2006, featuring tram wheels on a surviving section of the historical rails. The population reached 6000 by 1961.
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346:, which is located on the south-eastern edge of the housing estate. The station was opened on 13 March 2021. Following the
114:. A major discovery in Retkinia was the excavation of a rich skeletal grave of a woman from the 3rd century C.E. in 1935.
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in Łódź. The piece was constructed in 1975. Its name refers not to apricots but to the surname of the French artist
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county) had 33 houses and a population of 300. By 1881, Retkinia had 50 houses and a population of 560. In 1902 the
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167:. The latter sold the village to Wilhelm Nencki in 1854, whose family was compensated by the state following the
453:) is a sculpture by Michał Gałkiewicz, professor at Strzemiński Academy of Art in Łódź. The piece presents five
1412:
90:
The origin and meaning of the name Retkinia is uncertain. It has been suggested that the name originates from
1457:
Szafrańska, Ewa. “Residential Attractiveness of the Inner City of Lodz in the Opinion of City Inhabitants.”
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1393:
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331:. Another bus terminus (Kusocińskiego) is located nearby, on the northwestern edge of the housing estate.
258:
1546:
192:
1324:
Residential Change and Demographic Challenge: The Inner City of East Central Europe in the 21st Century
110:
The earliest archeological records in Retkinia date back to c. 800-250 B.C.E and are representative of
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Neogothic elements, but elements of the old belfry are still recognizable within the new structure.
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516:
152:
1423:
1444:
1437:
Stępniewski, Mariusz; Szambelan, Zdzisław (2019). "Łódź: Territorial Expansion (Table 9.11)".
1419:
557:
132:
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Sacred Heart of Jesus Church - constructed in the Neogothic style in 1910, rebuilt 1978-1982
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1304:“Wybuchowe osiedle. W ciągu dwóch lat na skutek wybuchu gazu, na Retkini zginęło 10 osób.”
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Rozwój przestrzenny a współczesne funkcjonowanie miejskiego transportu szynowego w Polsce
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brought administrative change, as Łódź and the surrounding area were incorporated in the
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rains. Poor sanitation and poverty contributed to disease, including two outbreaks of
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391:
1475:
Tabella Miast, Wsi, Osad, Królestwa Polskiego, z wyrażeniem ich położenia i ludności
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in 1946, Retkinia was for many centuries closely associated with the nearby town of
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and the shelter are open to the public on selected days during the summer season.
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1228:. Kompanja Brus is a non-profit organization maintaining the shelter museum.
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155:, Retkinia, alongside Łódź and Pabianice, became part of the newly created
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24:
184:
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admit that "these are just our conjectures... and nothing more" (p. 13).
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inspired Popow. The sculpture is an example of geometrical abstract art.
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7/1986, p. 7. (‘Olsztyn obudowano takimi Retkiniami, że aż żęby bolą’)
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69:), located in the south-western part of the city. Formerly a suburban
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454:
377:
1484:“Mieszkańcy wieżowca na Retkini nie chcą muralu na swoim bloku.”
1426:. Online version archived from uml.lodz.pl on 18 February 2013.
1438:
1413:“Geo-Metro struktury. Twórcze poszukiwania Ryszarda Popowa.”
1314:“Autor słynnych ‘Bocianów’ skończył osiemdziesiąt pięć lat.”
431:) is a sculpture designed by Ryszard Popow, a graduate of
556:. Łódź: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego. p. 138.
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line was opened, its tracks cutting the village in two.
505:
Podział środków z budżetu obywatelskiego między osiedla
16:
Panel block housing estate and district in Łódź, Poland
47:- a sculpture that has become a symbol of the district
1429:
Sipowicz, Kasper, Edyta Najbert and Tadeusz Pietras.
1199:
Behind the Water Tower: The Two Faces of Polish Rail
552:
Bieńkowska, Danuta; Umińska-Tytoń, Elżbieta (2012).
466:), which presents a mother embracing her children.
1431:Wielowymiarowy aspekt kryzysu w teorii i praktyce
61:block housing estate and district in the city of
1352:Challenges of Sustainable Development in Poland
1129:"Wakacyjna korekta rozkładu jazdy pociągów ŁKA"
1350:Kronenberg, Jakub, and Tomasz Bergier (eds).
517:Map of Urban Information System areas in Łódź
354:stations, it will enable quick access to the
264:Block 214 - damaged in the 1983 gas explosion
8:
122:Before being incorporated into the city of
1064:Sipowicz, Najbert and Pietras, pp. 121-22.
1493:Załuska, Paweł; Załuska, Leonard (1914).
1212:Klub Miłośników Starych Tramwajów w Łodzi
165:Council of State of the Kingdom of Poland
914:Łódzkie Tramwaje i Autobusy: Kalendarium
416:Other attractions and places of interest
394:, and the remainder can be found in the
1274:“INTI, the Good Goat Shepherd in Lodz.”
1146:“Łódź railway tunnel tender announced.”
486:
382:Rocky hillock in Łódź Botanical Garden
1443:. Łódź: Łódzkie Towarzystwo Naukowe.
1354:. Kraków: Sendzimir Foundation, 2010.
7:
1294:“Łódź to zielone miasto, nie szare.”
1499:. Włocławek: Księgarnia Powszechna.
1496:Retkinia: Rys historyczno-społeczny
250:Retkinia Tram Route Monument (2006)
14:
1196:“New Municipal Transport Museum.”
889:Dziennik Ustaw 1946 nr 4 poz. 35
257:
243:
229:
37:
23:
1479:. Vol. 2 (M–Z). Warszawa: 1827.
1322:Haase, Annegret et al. (eds.).
1161:Łódź Botanical Garden Home Page
1118:Kronenberg and Bergier, p. 269.
82:, built from the year 1972 on.
30:Retkinia, Armii Krajowej Street
1440:Atlas historyczny miasta Łodzi
368:Łódź Władysław Reymont Airport
366:The city of Łódź is served by
1:
1552:Planned communities in Poland
358:complex and the city centre.
340:Łódź Kaliska railway station
1568:
1465:Szlązak, Wojciech (2016).
1433:. Będzin: e-bookowo, 2017.
1214:: "Historia zajezdni Brus"
554:Nazewnictwo miejskie Łodzi
433:Strzemiński Academy of Art
1523:51.7462417°N 19.3980778°E
1330:Kołoś, Arkadiusz (2006).
1326:. Farnham: Ashgate, 2011.
1174:Spacery po zielonej Łodzi
1135:(in Polish). 9 June 2021.
494:Stępniewski and Szambelan
350:between Łódź Kaliska and
141:Prussian invasion of 1793
348:construction of a tunnel
159:, a client state of the
1226:Kompanja Brus Home Page
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429:The Apricot of Retkinia
147:(1807-1815) during the
1528:51.7462417; 19.3980778
1467:Śladami starej Retkini
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1340:Kowalewska, Justyna.
974:Haase et al., p. 261.
381:
344:Łódź Retkinia station
193:Warsaw-Kalisz railway
1489:. 17 September 2013.
1482:Witkowska, Matylda.
1469:. Łódź: Księży Młyn.
1418:45.1 (2009): 67-71.
1416:Kronika Miasta Łodzi
1411:Romanowski, Gustaw.
1342:“Bezpańskie rzeźby.”
1279:. 30 September 2013.
374:Parks and recreation
169:abolition of serfdom
1519: /
1397:. 15 February 1986.
1388:. 17 December 1983.
1347:. 27 February 2006.
1312:Gronczewska, Anna.
1302:Gronczewska, Anna.
1292:Gronczewska, Anna.
1277:Brooklyn Street Art
1216:. 17 November 2016.
1201:. 24 November 2013.
1176:: "Zieleń w Łodzi."
1076:51/1983, pp. 10-11.
805:Załuska and Załuska
781:Załuska and Załuska
769:Załuska and Załuska
757:Załuska and Załuska
745:Załuska and Załuska
733:Załuska and Załuska
697:Załuska and Załuska
685:Załuska and Załuska
661:Załuska and Załuska
649:Załuska and Załuska
637:Załuska and Załuska
625:Załuska and Załuska
613:Załuska and Załuska
601:Załuska and Załuska
540:Załuska and Załuska
528:Załuska and Załuska
329:Konstantynów Łódzki
1370:. 1 November 1973.
1309:. 1 February 2016.
1151:. 6 December 2016.
1109:Szafrańska, p. 14.
998:51/1983, pp. 1, 7.
472:is a mural by the
470:I believe in goats
384:
178:Kalisz Voivodeship
153:Congress of Vienna
1459:Studia Regionalia
1299:. 26 August 2012.
1255:Gronczewska 2017.
1186:Gronczewska 2012.
1133:kolejowyportal.pl
1055:Gronczewska 2016.
437:François Morellet
133:Cathedral Chapter
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1461:45 (2016): 8-21.
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1336:. Kraków: IGiGP.
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1379:. 16 July 1978.
1361:. 23 July 1961.
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1406:. 24 May 1986.
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1319:. 28 May 2017.
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1120:
1111:
1102:
1090:
1088:21/1986, p. 4.
1078:
1066:
1057:
1048:
1036:
1034:21/1986, p. 4.
1024:
1022:21/1986, p. 4.
1012:
1010:21/1986, p. 4.
1000:
988:
986:21/1986, p. 4.
976:
967:
965:44/1973, p. 6.
955:
953:29/1978, p. 6.
943:
931:
929:29/1961, p. 4.
919:
905:
893:
881:
869:
857:
845:
833:
821:
809:
797:
785:
773:
761:
749:
737:
725:
713:
701:
689:
677:
665:
653:
641:
629:
617:
605:
593:
581:
569:
562:
544:
532:
520:
509:
497:
485:
483:
480:
479:
478:
467:
444:
417:
414:
413:
412:
408:
404:
375:
372:
363:
360:
352:Łódź Fabryczna
336:
333:
323:
320:
318:
315:
297:
294:
263:
256:
255:
254:
249:
242:
241:
240:
235:
228:
227:
226:
225:
224:
222:
219:
200:
197:
161:Russian Empire
119:
116:
107:
104:
87:
84:
43:
36:
35:
34:
29:
22:
21:
20:
19:
18:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1564:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1544:
1542:
1535:
1532:
1514:19°23′53.08″E
1511:51°44′46.47″N
1498:
1497:
1491:
1488:
1485:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1463:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1450:9788360655931
1446:
1442:
1441:
1435:
1432:
1428:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1414:
1410:
1408:Nr 21 (1469).
1407:
1405:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1392:
1390:Nr 51 (1342).
1389:
1387:
1383:
1381:Nr 29 (1075).
1380:
1378:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1356:
1353:
1349:
1346:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1334:
1328:
1325:
1321:
1318:
1315:
1311:
1308:
1305:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1291:
1290:
1285:
1278:
1275:
1270:
1267:
1261:
1258:
1252:
1249:
1243:
1240:
1234:
1231:
1227:
1222:
1219:
1215:
1213:
1207:
1204:
1200:
1197:
1192:
1189:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1169:
1166:
1162:
1157:
1154:
1150:
1147:
1142:
1139:
1134:
1130:
1124:
1121:
1115:
1112:
1106:
1103:
1099:
1094:
1091:
1087:
1082:
1079:
1075:
1070:
1067:
1061:
1058:
1052:
1049:
1045:
1040:
1037:
1033:
1028:
1025:
1021:
1016:
1013:
1009:
1004:
1001:
997:
992:
989:
985:
980:
977:
971:
968:
964:
959:
956:
952:
947:
944:
940:
935:
932:
928:
923:
920:
916:
915:
909:
906:
902:
897:
894:
890:
885:
882:
878:
873:
870:
866:
861:
858:
854:
849:
846:
842:
837:
834:
830:
825:
822:
818:
813:
810:
806:
801:
798:
794:
789:
786:
782:
777:
774:
770:
765:
762:
758:
753:
750:
746:
741:
738:
734:
729:
726:
722:
717:
714:
710:
705:
702:
698:
693:
690:
686:
681:
678:
674:
669:
666:
662:
657:
654:
650:
645:
642:
638:
633:
630:
626:
621:
618:
614:
609:
606:
602:
597:
594:
590:
585:
582:
578:
573:
570:
565:
563:9788375257519
559:
555:
548:
545:
541:
536:
533:
529:
524:
521:
518:
513:
510:
506:
501:
498:
495:
490:
487:
481:
475:
471:
468:
465:
461:
460:Macierzyństwo
456:
452:
448:
445:
442:
439:, whose work
438:
434:
430:
426:
423:
422:
421:
415:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
392:alpine garden
389:
388:
387:
380:
373:
371:
369:
361:
359:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
334:
332:
330:
321:
316:
314:
310:
306:
302:
295:
293:
291:
287:
283:
278:
274:
260:
246:
232:
220:
218:
216:
212:
207:
198:
196:
194:
190:
186:
183:
179:
175:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
129:
125:
117:
115:
113:
105:
103:
101:
97:
93:
85:
83:
81:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
46:
40:
26:
1504:
1495:
1486:
1474:
1466:
1458:
1439:
1430:
1415:
1403:
1399:Nr 7 (1455).
1394:
1385:
1376:
1372:Nr 44 (834).
1367:
1363:Nr 29 (177).
1358:
1351:
1344:
1332:
1323:
1316:
1306:
1296:
1276:
1269:
1260:
1251:
1242:
1233:
1221:
1211:
1206:
1198:
1191:
1182:
1173:
1168:
1156:
1148:
1141:
1132:
1123:
1114:
1105:
1093:
1085:
1081:
1073:
1069:
1060:
1051:
1043:
1039:
1031:
1027:
1019:
1015:
1007:
1003:
995:
991:
983:
979:
970:
962:
958:
950:
946:
934:
926:
922:
913:
908:
896:
884:
879:, pp. 20-21.
872:
860:
848:
836:
824:
812:
800:
788:
783:, pp. 60-61.
776:
764:
759:, pp. 64-66.
752:
740:
728:
720:
716:
711:, pp. 14-15.
704:
692:
680:
668:
656:
644:
639:, pp. 28-29.
632:
627:, pp. 22-23.
620:
615:, pp. 11-22.
608:
596:
584:
572:
553:
547:
535:
523:
512:
500:
489:
469:
463:
459:
450:
446:
441:Sphère-Trame
440:
428:
424:
419:
385:
365:
338:
325:
311:
307:
303:
299:
296:1946–present
282:World War II
270:
202:
199:Folk culture
151:. After the
121:
109:
99:
95:
91:
89:
54:
53:
44:
1526: /
1246:Kowalewska.
1237:Romanowski.
807:, pp.219-20
427:(literally
356:Manufaktura
286:Third Reich
277:World War I
215:cunning man
1541:Categories
1286:References
1264:Witkowska.
1149:RailwayPro
451:The Storks
290:Wartheland
139:until the
45:The Storks
1424:1231-5354
723:, p. 137.
482:Footnotes
464:Maternity
400:arboretum
317:Transport
273:Neogothic
221:1910–1946
128:Pabianice
118:1398–1910
1100:, p. 79.
941:, p. 71.
903:, p. 77.
867:, p. 20.
855:, p. 39.
843:, p. 20.
831:, p. 20.
819:, p. 17.
795:, p. 28.
771:, p. 66.
747:, p. 72.
735:, p. 32.
699:, p. 59.
687:, p. 57.
675:, p. 14.
663:, p. 62.
651:, p. 29.
603:, p. 13.
530:, p. 13.
55:Retkinia
1404:Odgłosy
1395:Odgłosy
1386:Odgłosy
1377:Odgłosy
1368:Odgłosy
1359:Odgłosy
1098:Szlązak
1086:Odgłosy
1074:Odgłosy
1044:Odgłosy
1032:Odgłosy
1020:Odgłosy
1008:Odgłosy
996:Odgłosy
984:Odgłosy
963:Odgłosy
951:Odgłosy
927:Odgłosy
901:Szlązak
877:Szlązak
865:Szlązak
853:Szlązak
841:Szlązak
829:Szlązak
817:Szlązak
793:Szlązak
721:Tabella
709:Szlązak
673:Szlązak
591:, p. 6.
589:Szlązak
579:, p. 6.
577:Szlązak
474:Chilean
447:Bociany
182:Sieradz
174:cholera
106:History
92:ret kiń
80:Panelák
75:Osiedle
71:village
1447:
1422:
560:
477:goats.
455:storks
211:Dyngus
189:Szadek
137:Kraków
67:Poland
939:Kołoś
403:city.
185:obwód
100:Retka
96:Retko
59:panel
57:is a
1547:Łódź
1445:ISBN
1420:ISSN
558:ISBN
335:Rail
124:Łódź
98:(or
86:Name
63:Łódź
362:Air
288:as
135:of
102:).
1543::
1131:.
398:,
187:,
180:,
1477:.
1453:.
1163:.
917:.
891:.
566:.
462:(
449:(
65:(
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