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and politics, while the Old Guard referred to the many leaders who had spent multiple decades in their positions. Members of the group wore orange hats and carried walkie-talkies on the floor of the convention. Carter's group succeeded in unseating members of the incumbent leadership, producing a subsequent removal of leadership members and a change in organizational focus.
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At the
Cincinnati convention, Carter and Knox led a grassroots movement with a focus on preventing the construction of an Outdoor Center in Colorado Springs and unseating the "Old Guard" leadership. The Outdoor Center would have served as new headquarters for the organization away from Washington DC
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Preceding the 1977 convention, the NRA's leadership had made plans to move the group's headquarters from
Washington, D.C., to an Outdoor Center in Colorado Springs focused on conservation and recreational shooting. The new facility had an estimated cost of $ 30 million. The proposal for this Center
103:
In
November 1976, Maxwell Rich fired most of Carter's staff, disturbed by his growing influence and no-compromise attitude to legislation. Carter resigned in protest and concentrated on winning the support of the NRA's Life Members ahead of the 1977 annual meeting, assisted by Neal Knox's editorial
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Carter replaced Rich as executive vice president. The executive vice president position was changed to become a member-elected office. Knox was elected as head of the NRA-ILA, with the position of vice president for finance, held by Thomas
Billings, eliminated; the management committee of the
88:(NRA-ILA). With only a small amount of funding from the NRA this was expected to quietly limit Carter's activism. However, he adopted modern and cost-effective direct-mail marketing techniques and quickly started to build political power. The NRA's Political Action Committee - the
55:
as executive vice-president of the NRA and introduced new organizational bylaws. The Revolt at
Cincinnati has been cited as a turning point in the NRA's history, marking a move away from the group's focus on "hunting, conservation, and marksmanship" and towards defending the
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The new leadership increased funding for its lobbying arm, the NRA-ILA, by an undisclosed amount. The NRA-ILA was given freedom to support the rights to "keep and bear arms". The NRA redefined its stance on gun control, defending protections provided by the
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The NRA was a dynamic political presence by the 1920s and campaigned furiously against early versions of the
National Firearms Act which would have required a permit to purchase a pistol. Following the passage of the
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139:. Moving away from prior support for "incremental forms of gun control regulation," new leadership made the "protection of gun rights the NRA's primary cause."
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reach. This membership class, consisting of over 2 million individuals, had voted along with existing leaders in the preceding annual conventions.
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was included as an item for discussion in the 1977 meeting, and was rejected following the change in leadership.
35:'s (NRA) leadership and organizational policy which took place at the group's 1977 annual convention in
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organization, consisting of
Merrill Right, Irvine Reynolds, and Alonzo Garcelon, was also eliminated.
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Sunstein, Cass; Siegel, Reva; Amar, Akhil; Guinier, Lani (2008). "The
Supreme Court 2007 Term".
361:"Rifles and Reinforcement: The National Rifle Association's Partisan Approach to Gun Ownership"
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In 1975, NRA management allowed Carter to form the NRA's registered lobbying arm - the
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158:"How NRA's true believers converted a marksmanship group into a mighty gun lobby"
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and the NRA's abstention from the "Citizens
Against Tydings" campaign to unseat
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began advocating for a renewed focus on the defense of gun ownership.
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1977 change in leadership of the
National Rifle Association of America
92:- was formed in time for the 1976 elections. Carter found an ally in
427:"Rifle Group Ousts Most Leaders In Move to Bolster Stand on Guns"
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magazine, who increasingly called readers to political action.
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CUREJ: College Undergraduate Research Electronic Journal
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Enough: Our Fight to Keep America Safe from Gun Violence
333:
National Rifle Association: Money, Firepower & Fear
184:Under Fire: the NRA and the Battle for Gun Control
490:Gun control advocacy groups in the United States
261:(First ed.). New York: Crown. p. 112.
236:(First ed.). New York: Crown. p. 99.
156:Achenbach, Joel; Higham, Scott; Horwitz, Sari.
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389:Elena Saavedra Buckley (November 17, 2021).
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186:. University of Iowa Press. pp. 28–36.
359:Gebhard-Koenigstein, August (March 2019).
207:Giffords, Gabrielle; Kelly, Mark (2014).
371:from the original on September 15, 2023.
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168:from the original on January 13, 2013.
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51:, the movement ended the tenure of
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425:Stuart, Reginald (May 23, 1977).
301:from the original on July 4, 2018
126:Resulting organizational changes
86:Institute for Legislative Action
43:. Led by former NRA president
1:
289:Kohn, Howard (14 May 1981).
182:Davidson, Osha Gray (1998).
117:Resulting leadership changes
58:right to keep and bear arms
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257:Erdozain, Dominic (2024).
232:Erdozain, Dominic (2024).
90:NRA Political Victory Fund
485:Conventions in Cincinnati
335:. National Press Books.
331:Sugarmann, Josh (2010).
47:and gun rights activist
291:"Inside the Gun Lobby"
211:. Simon and Schuster.
31:) was a change in the
259:One Nation Under Guns
234:One Nation Under Guns
29:Cincinnati Revolution
71:1968 Gun Control Act
21:Revolt at Cincinnati
397:. Epic (magazine).
23:(also known as the
453:Harvard Law Review
297:. Rolling Stone.
268:978-0-593-59432-2
243:978-0-593-59432-2
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479:Categories
395:medium.com
193:0877456461
143:References
108:The revolt
64:Background
37:Cincinnati
94:Neal Knox
49:Neal Knox
465:40042818
435:Archived
399:Archived
369:Archived
305:30 April
299:Archived
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367:(225).
27:or the
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98:Rifle
407:2023
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307:2020
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41:Ohio
19:The
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