176:
120:
527:
132:
671:, and 60,000 to 105,000 Ingrians would be victims of deportation and imprisonment from the 1920s to the 1970s. In 1926, the population of Ingrian Finns was estimated to be at 115,000. From 1929–1931, 18,000 Ingrian Finns were be deported, in 1935 about 7,000 Ingrian Finns were deported, and in 1935–1936, a total of 26,000–27,000 Ingrian Finns were be deported. Most deported Ingrians ended up in
149:
576:
161:
39:
430:
The regiment led by
Elfvengren began its offensive from the Finnish border on 28 July 1919, having previously served as Border Guardsmen prior to the offensive. The unit captured Kirjasalo, later capturing Perämäki and Putkelovo on 30 July, killing twenty-five Bolshevik troops in the process. The
594:
Before the defeat at
Koporje the unit held the strength of around 241 men, the unit expanded into a regiment in June, reaching around 2,200 men in size. The regiment began to recapture coastal villages, capturing the Yhinmäki Fort, however it was unable to the defend to fort from the
352:, the uprising began as small pockets of resistance in 1918, with organized resistance efforts beginning in January 1919 with the establishment of both the Temporary Caretaker Committee of Northern and Western Ingria, and lasting until the collapse of the
507:
were sung. The flag of the
Kirjasalo Republic was saluted and lowered on 6 December 1920. The North Ingria Regiment crossed the border into Finland to be disarmed, and Elfvengren soon resigned from his station in the Finnish military to fight with the
472:
and a group of armed workers led by
Anarchist I.P. Zhuk at Gruzino railway station. Elfvengren's regiment won the battle, however was forced to retreat to Kirjasalo, due to the complete lack of artillery and trains, which the Bolsheviks had.
629:
Following the reassembly of the unit in
Estonia, the unit took part in military engagements in Western Ingria between July and August, travelling towards Soikkola village. In October, the unit took part in the attempted capture of
368:
ended in 1721, Russia acquired the large region of Ingria. There were a large number of
Ingrian Finns in the region, and by 1917 there were more than 140,000. However, tensions were high under the
449:. Rihtiniemi served as the leader of the unit for two months, having only really built fortifications during his tenure and later resigning, Elfvengren was re-hired. Elfvengren was approached by
1046:
656:
It is thought that a small number of the North
Ingrians involved with the rebellion never reached Finland, and decades later appeals were put out in newspapers asking after them.
415:
In
January 1919, the Temporary Caretaker Committee of Ingria was established by Ingrian refugees who fled to Finland following expulsion of Ingrian Finns from their homes in
259:
489:
369:
181:
1036:
572:, the unit captured coastal villages and eventually reaching Soikkolanniemi. On 19 May 1919, the unit experienced its first defeat in battle at Koporje.
1026:
96:
493:
91:
964:
883:
818:
788:
438:
Elfvengren was sacked by the Finns due to having performed the offensive without permission on 2 August 1919, he was replaced by a
Finnish
252:
457:, who gave the regiment much needed weaponry, ammunition and money however on the condition to join Yudenich on a planned attack towards
389:
419:. The Temporary Caretaker Committee of Ingria established the North Ingria Regiment in July 1919. The North Ingria Regiment was led by
913:
710:
245:
903:
988:
668:
651:
540:
393:
281:
876:
Ingermanlandskij izlom: borʹba ingermanlandskich finnov v graždanskoj vojne na Severo-Zapade Rossii (1918 - 1920 gg.)
834:
1031:
504:
1016:
435:, a settlement in the far north-east of Ingria, however the partisans were later defeated by the Bolsheviks.
626:. The result of the internal conflicts within the regiment was the disbandment of the regiment in June 1919.
1021:
1041:
381:
301:
568:
and was purposed to fight in
Western Ingria. The unit began its first activity in May 1919, crossing the
468:, which was the most important location in Northern Ingria. The regiment would encounter a detachment of
124:
929:
580:
554:
565:
469:
678:, and by 1938, 60,000 Ingrian Finns, roughly half the Ingrian Finnish population had been deported.
439:
423:
and trained by Jaeger Colonel Eero Kuussaari. The Regiment was originally sized 580 men strong. The
197:
675:
296:
208:
530:
Georg Elfengren with the North Ingrian Regiment in Kirjasalo, shortly after capturing the village
373:
365:
353:
165:
702:
696:
427:
was established following the declaration of independence from Bolshevik Russia on 9 July 1919.
960:
909:
879:
814:
784:
706:
600:
464:
The North Ingria Regiment began its second offensive on 21/22 October 1919, this time towards
385:
345:
631:
596:
458:
450:
420:
377:
325:
291:
286:
585:
559:
193:
639:
619:
526:
509:
500:
503:
held a speech in Kirjasalo, the anthem of the Kirjasalo Republic, 'Nouse, Inkeri' and
1010:
660:
550:
444:
337:
202:
485:
424:
410:
384:
immediately began preparing to declare its independence. On December 6, 1917, the
954:
778:
980:
813:(Izd. 2-oe, ispr. i dopol ed.). Sankt-Peterburg: Izdat. Nestor-Istorija.
635:
605:
575:
569:
454:
349:
269:
30:
730:
698:
From Grand Duchy to a Modern State: A Political History of Finland Since 1809
549:
made an agreement to establish a volunteer unit based in Estonia made up of
416:
496:
with the Bolsheviks, Kirjasalo was handed over and affirmed to be Russian.
638:. Following the failure at St. Petersburg, the unit guarded the border at
846:
520:
523:
moved into the four villages controlled by the Republic and retook them.
615:
546:
481:
465:
153:
136:
131:
623:
513:
341:
75:
48:
672:
611:
574:
525:
38:
622:
in the regiment would not tolerate the separation of Ingria from
610:, internal conflict within the regiment grew. The Ingrians and
545:
In March 1919, the Temporary Caretaker Committee of Ingria and
241:
431:
unit was also assisted by independent partisans, who captured
614:
wished for the independence of Ingria or the autonomy within
237:
811:
Političeskaja istorija Ingermanlandii v konce XIX - XX veka
905:
Historical Dictionary of the Russian Civil Wars, 1916-1926
488:, not wanting to sabotage its peace negotiations with the
519:
Kirjasalo was practically abandoned, after which the
843:Ингрия в огне. Малоизвестный эпизод Белого движения"
396:, inspired many Ingrians to thoughts of rebellion.
783:(in Finnish). Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura.
392:by a vote of 100 to 88. This, combined with the
956:The Finno-Ugric Republics and the Russian State
23:
253:
8:
1047:Battles involving Soviet Russia (1917–1922)
484:had not offered significant support to the
260:
246:
238:
37:
20:
687:
642:, later being disbanded in June 1920.
43:Territory controlled by the rebellion
772:
770:
869:
867:
865:
863:
768:
766:
764:
762:
760:
758:
756:
754:
752:
750:
7:
897:
895:
804:
802:
800:
729:Alexandr Smirnov says (2014-02-02).
724:
722:
16:Rebellion of Ingrian Finns in Russia
1037:Uprisings of the Russian Civil War
809:Musaev, Vadim Ibragimovič (2004).
47:, within the historical region of
14:
902:Smele, Jonathan D. (2015-11-19).
735:Dead Country Stamps and Banknotes
1027:Finland in the Russian Civil War
991:from the original on 19 May 2021
987:(in Finnish). 28 February 2016.
174:
159:
147:
130:
118:
874:Targiajnen, Michail A. (2001).
953:Taagepera, Rein (2013-11-26).
780:Heimosotien historia 1918-1922
535:Ingria Battalion & Estonia
1:
669:Genocide of the Ingrian Finns
652:Genocide of the Ingrian Finns
908:. Rowman & Littlefield.
564:was formed as a part of the
541:Estonian War of Independence
394:Estonian War of Independence
282:Estonian War of Independence
390:Declaration of Independence
322:Revolt of the Ingrian Finns
307:Revolt of the Ingrian Finns
24:Revolt of the Ingrian Finns
1063:
649:
599:. Following the defeat at
590:in 1919 in Western Ingria.
538:
408:
97:Treaty of Tartu (Estonian)
878:. S.-Peterburg: Bulanin.
330:Inkeriläisten kansannousu
277:
214:
192:
187:
108:
92:Treaty of Tartu (Finnish)
58:
36:
28:
841:Сыров А. А. (Тиайнен А.)
777:Niinistö, Jussi (2016).
405:Republic of North Ingria
981:"Historia ja kulttuuri"
934:www.conflicts.rem33.com
695:Jussila, Osmo (1999).
591:
531:
382:Grand Duchy of Finland
334:Inkerin vapaustaistelu
329:
302:East Karelian uprising
188:Commanders and leaders
66:1918 - 5 December 1920
731:"North Ingria (1920)"
634:, spearheaded by the
578:
529:
492:. When it signed the
425:Republic of Kirjasalo
336:) was an uprising of
223:1,700+ North Ingrians
125:Republic of Kirjasalo
566:Estonian Land Forces
499:On 5 December 1920,
372:rule. Following the
356:on 5 December 1920.
226:2,200+ West Ingrians
676:forced labour camps
659:Later up to 18,800
297:Petsamo expeditions
209:Alexander Rodzyanko
592:
532:
505:Porilaisten Marssi
486:Kirjasalo Republic
374:October Revolution
366:Great Northern War
354:Kirjasalo Republic
87:Bolshevik victory
1032:Conflicts in 1920
966:978-1-136-67808-0
885:978-5-86007-269-5
820:978-5-98187-031-6
790:978-952-222-846-8
346:Russian Civil War
315:
314:
236:
235:
104:
103:
1054:
1001:
1000:
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996:
977:
971:
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950:
944:
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941:
940:
926:
920:
919:
899:
890:
889:
871:
858:
857:
855:
854:
845:. Archived from
831:
825:
824:
806:
795:
794:
774:
745:
744:
742:
741:
726:
717:
716:
692:
667:murdered in the
609:
589:
581:Ingria Battalion
563:
555:Ingria Battalion
490:Bolshevik Russia
451:Nikolai Yudenich
448:
421:Georg Elfvengren
332:, also known as
292:Aunus expedition
287:Viena expedition
272:
262:
255:
248:
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206:
180:
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177:
164:
163:
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123:
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121:
60:
59:
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52:(in light beige)
46:
41:
21:
1062:
1061:
1057:
1056:
1055:
1053:
1052:
1051:
1017:1920 in Finland
1007:
1006:
1005:
1004:
994:
992:
979:
978:
974:
967:
952:
951:
947:
938:
936:
928:
927:
923:
916:
901:
900:
893:
886:
873:
872:
861:
852:
850:
833:
832:
828:
821:
808:
807:
798:
791:
776:
775:
748:
739:
737:
728:
727:
720:
713:
694:
693:
689:
684:
654:
648:
603:
583:
557:
543:
537:
494:Treaty of Tartu
479:
442:
413:
407:
402:
362:
318:
317:
316:
311:
273:
268:
266:
229:
207:
200:
196:
194:Georg Elfengren
175:
173:
170:
160:
158:
148:
146:
129:
119:
117:
78:
51:
44:
42:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1060:
1058:
1050:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1022:1920 in Russia
1019:
1009:
1008:
1003:
1002:
972:
965:
945:
921:
914:
891:
884:
859:
837:Пюккенен А. Ю.
826:
819:
796:
789:
746:
718:
711:
686:
685:
683:
680:
647:
644:
632:St. Petersburg
620:White Russians
536:
533:
510:White Russians
501:Erik Heinrichs
478:
475:
459:St. Petersburg
440:Elja Rihtniemi
409:Main article:
406:
403:
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361:
358:
313:
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310:
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198:Elja Rihtniemi
190:
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185:
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171:
169:
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166:White Movement
156:
144:
139:
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56:
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34:
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26:
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19:
18:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1059:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1042:Ingrian Finns
1040:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1014:
1012:
990:
986:
982:
976:
973:
968:
962:
959:. Routledge.
958:
957:
949:
946:
935:
931:
925:
922:
917:
915:9781442252813
911:
907:
906:
898:
896:
892:
887:
881:
877:
870:
868:
866:
864:
860:
849:on 2016-08-16
848:
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827:
822:
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805:
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797:
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736:
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723:
719:
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712:0-8093-9112-0
708:
704:
700:
699:
691:
688:
681:
679:
677:
674:
670:
666:
662:
661:Ingrian Finns
657:
653:
645:
643:
641:
637:
633:
627:
625:
621:
617:
613:
607:
602:
598:
587:
582:
577:
573:
571:
567:
561:
556:
552:
551:Ingrian Finns
548:
542:
534:
528:
524:
522:
517:
515:
511:
506:
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497:
495:
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487:
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436:
434:
428:
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412:
404:
399:
397:
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391:
387:
383:
379:
378:St Petersburg
375:
371:
367:
359:
357:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
338:Ingrian Finns
335:
331:
327:
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142:Supported by:
140:
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61:
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50:
40:
35:
32:
27:
22:
993:. Retrieved
984:
975:
955:
948:
937:. Retrieved
933:
924:
904:
875:
851:. Retrieved
847:the original
840:
836:
829:
810:
779:
738:. Retrieved
734:
697:
690:
664:
658:
655:
640:Narva-Jõesuu
628:
618:, while the
593:
544:
518:
498:
480:
463:
437:
433:Miikkulainen
432:
429:
414:
411:North Ingria
388:adopted the
363:
333:
321:
319:
306:
182:Russian SFSR
141:
109:Belligerents
86:
701:. pp.
604: [
584: [
579:Men of the
558: [
443: [
344:during the
201: [
1011:Categories
995:24 October
939:2019-09-20
853:2013-01-14
740:2019-09-20
682:References
650:See also:
636:White Army
570:Luga River
539:See also:
455:White Army
364:After the
350:Heimosodat
270:Heimosodat
31:Heimosodat
663:would be
646:Aftermath
470:Red Finns
400:Rebellion
370:Bolshevik
989:Archived
930:"Inkeri"
665:directly
601:Yhinmäki
597:Red Army
521:Red Army
477:Collapse
417:Lempaala
215:Strength
71:Location
45:(in red)
29:Part of
616:Finland
547:Estonia
482:Finland
466:Toksova
453:of the
360:Prelude
326:Finnish
232:Unknown
154:Finland
137:Estonia
985:Inkeri
963:
912:
882:
817:
787:
709:
624:Russia
553:. The
514:Crimea
386:Senate
380:, the
342:Ingria
179:
83:Result
76:Ingria
49:Ingria
673:GULAG
612:Finns
608:]
588:]
562:]
447:]
205:]
997:2020
961:ISBN
910:ISBN
880:ISBN
815:ISBN
785:ISBN
707:ISBN
348:and
320:The
63:Date
703:103
512:in
376:in
340:in
1013::
983:.
932:.
894:^
862:^
839:,
799:^
749:^
733:.
721:^
705:.
606:fi
586:fi
560:fi
516:.
461:.
445:fi
328::
203:fi
999:.
969:.
942:.
918:.
888:.
856:.
835:"
823:.
793:.
743:.
715:.
324:(
261:e
254:t
247:v
54:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
