129:, but Reynolds, realizing how much Hamilton had to lose if the activity came into public view, insisted on monetary compensation instead. After Hamilton had shown unequivocal signs that he wanted to end the affair in autumn 1791, Hamilton received two letters on December 15, 1791, one each from Mrs. and Mr. Reynolds. The first letter, from Maria, warned of her husband's knowledge and of James' attempting to blackmail Hamilton. By then, Hamilton discontinued the affair and briefly ceased to visit, but both James and Maria were apparently involved in the blackmailing scheme, as both sent letters inviting Hamilton to continue his visits. After extorting $ 1000 in exchange for secrecy over Hamilton's adultery, James Reynolds rethought his request for Hamilton to cease his relationship with Maria and wrote inviting him to renew his visits "as a friend," only to extort forced "loans" after each visit, which the most-likely-colluding Maria solicited with her letters. By May 2, 1792, James changed his mind again and requested for Hamilton to stop seeing his wife but not before James had received additional payment. In the end, the blackmail payments totaled over $ 1,300 including the initial extortion (equivalent to $ 31,000 in 2023).
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83:, about a third of his annual income. In 1797, Hamilton publicly admitted to the affair after his political enemies attacked and accused him of financial corruption during his time as the Treasury Secretary. Hamilton responded by writing, "The charge against me is a connection with one James Reynolds for purposes of improper pecuniary speculation. My real crime is an amorous connection with his wife, for a considerable time with his privity and connivance."
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him into her bedroom. He later recounted, "I took the bill out of my pocket and gave it to her. Some conversation ensued from which it was quickly apparent that other than pecuniary consolation would be acceptable." The two began an illicit affair that would last, with varying frequency, until approximately June 1792.
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While his candor was admired, the affair severely damaged his reputation. While
Hamilton's admitted affair served to confirm rival Jefferson's conviction that he was untrustworthy, it did nothing to change Washington's opinion of him, who still held him in "very high esteem" and still viewed him as
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to request his help and financial aid by claiming that her husband, James, had abandoned her. Hamilton did not have any money on him, so he retrieved her address to deliver the funds in person. Once
Hamilton arrived at the boarding house at which Maria was lodging, she brought him upstairs and led
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In
November 1792, after James Reynolds was jailed for participation in a scheme involving unpaid back wages intended for Revolutionary War veterans, he used his own knowledge about Hamilton's sex affair to bargain his way out of his own troubles. Reynolds knew that Hamilton would have to choose
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Hamilton confronted Monroe over the leakage of the supposedly-confidential documents. Monroe denied any responsibility. Hamilton came very close to calling Monroe a liar, and Monroe retorted that
Hamilton was a scoundrel and challenged him to a duel. The duel was averted by the intercession of
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Apparently convinced that
Hamilton was not guilty of the charge of public misconduct, Monroe, Venable, and Muhlenberg agreed not to make public the information and documents on the Reynolds Affair. Monroe and his colleagues assured Hamilton that the matter was settled. However, Monroe sent the
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were the first men to hear of this possible corruption within the nation's new government, and on
December 15, 1792, they decided to confront Hamilton personally with the information that they had received, supported by the notes of Hamilton's payments to Reynolds that Maria had given them to
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Observations on
Certain Documents Contained in No. V & VI of "The History of the United States for the Year 1796," In which the Charge of Speculation Against Alexander Hamilton, Late Secretary of the Treasury, is Fully
125:, Hamilton goes as far as to argue that James Reynolds, along with his wife, had conspired the scheme to "extort money from me." The common practice in the day was for the wronged husband to seek retribution in a pistol
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Over the course of those months, while the affair took place, James
Reynolds was well aware of his wife's unfaithfulness. He continually supported their relationship to gain regular blackmail money from Hamilton.
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Also in 1797, when
Hamilton no longer held the post of Secretary of the Treasury, the details of his relationship with Maria and James Reynolds came to light in a series of pamphlets authored by the journalist
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Denying any financial impropriety, Hamilton revealed the true nature of his relationship with the
Reynoldses in all of its unsavory details. He turned over the letters from both of them.
903:
Cerniglia, Keith A. "An Indelicate Amor: Alexander Hamilton and the First American Political Sex Scandal," Master's Thesis, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, 2002.
200:, later known as the "Reynolds Pamphlet," in which he denied all charges of corruption. However, he openly admitted his relationship with Maria Reynolds and apologized for it.
180:. Jefferson and Hamilton were self-described nemeses, and five years after receiving the letters, Jefferson used the knowledge to start rumors about Hamilton's private life.
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Hamilton had possibly become aware of both Reynoldses being involved in the blackmail and both welcomed and strictly complied with James' request to end the affair.
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playing Maria Reynolds, and Sydney-James Harcourt playing James Reynolds. All three actors were part of the Original Broadway Cast.
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In the summer of 1791, 23-year-old Maria Reynolds allegedly approached the married 34-year-old Alexander Hamilton in
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was among the first men to be informed of this scandal, and he leaked information about it to
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Letters of James Monroe regarding the Reynolds affair in 1792 and other related archives
558:“Printed Version of the “Reynolds Pamphlet,”, 1797, Founders Online, National Archives,
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This early sex scandal in American history has received multiple fictional portrayals.
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between revealing his affair with Maria or falsely admitting complicity to the charges.
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Eliza Hamilton: The Extraordinary Life and Times of the Wife of Alexander Hamilton
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667:"Letter to Alexander Hamilton from Maria Reynolds [15 December 1791]"
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Hamilton, Alexander, “Printed Version of the ‘Reynolds Pamphlet,’“ 1797,
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Cogan, Jacob Katz. "The Reynolds Affair and the Politics of Character."
694:"Letter from James Reynolds to Alexander Hamilton, December 19th, 1791"
713:"Letter from James Reynolds to Alexander Hamilton, January 17th, 1792"
408:"Hurricane", in which Hamilton decides to write the Reynolds Pamphlet.
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Delegate to the Congress of the Confederation (1782–1783, 1788–1789)
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https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Hamilton/01-21-02-0138-0002
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https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Hamilton/01-21-02-0138-0002
521:, a 1986 television miniseries, includes the events of the affair.
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the dominant force in establishing the federal law and government.
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732:"Letter from James Reynolds to Alexander Hamilton, May 2nd, 1792"
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over this incident. The duel was averted by the intercession of
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1198:"Report on a Plan for the Further Support of Public Credit"
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List of federal political sex scandals in the United States
30:"The Reynolds Pamphlet" redirects here. For the song, see
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8th Senior Officer of the United States Army (1799–1800)
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Jefferson and Hamilton: the rivalry that forged a nation
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Affairs of Honor: National Politics in the New Republic
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Hamilton over the affair, who paid him over $ 1,300 in
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Federal political sex scandals in the United States
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Color scan of The Reynolds Pamphlet at Google Books
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781:"Printed Version of the "Reynolds Pamphlet", 1797"
579:"Printed Version of the "Reynolds Pamphlet," 1797"
962:Printed Version of the “Reynolds Pamphlet”, 1797
655:Schachner, Alexander Hamilton, 1946, pp. 366-369
56:in United States political history. It involved
1051:A Full Vindication of the Measures of Congress
393:"We Know", in which Hamilton is confronted by
1317:Advisor, George Washington's Farewell Address
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636:"Draft of the "Reynolds Pamphlet," July 1797"
518:George Washington II: The Forging of a Nation
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1205:Society for Establishing Useful Manufactures
748:Schachner, Alexander Hamilton, 1946, p. 366
496:(2018), by Stephanie Dray and Laura Kamoie.
246:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
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27:Sex scandal in early United States history
1022:1st Secretary of the Treasury (1789–1795)
310:Learn how and when to remove this message
1221:New York Provincial Company of Artillery
1071:Delegate, 1787 Constitutional Convention
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957:Original Draft of The Reynolds Pamphlet
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154:corroborate her husband's accusations.
44:at around the time of the scandal, 1792
860:Fallen Founder: The Life of Aaron Burr
176:letters to his close personal friend,
610:; Internet, accessed 15 October 2018.
7:
1442:Alexander Hamilton U.S. Custom House
244:adding citations to reliable sources
1183:"First Report on the Public Credit"
1066:Delegate, 1786 Annapolis Convention
422:", which depicts Hamilton's wife,
345:, who also played the title role.
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1463:Hamilton Grange National Memorial
1106:Revenue Marine (U.S. Coast Guard)
198:Observations on Certain Documents
1808:1792 crimes in the United States
1803:1791 crimes in the United States
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1188:"Second Report on Public Credit"
882:. New York: Carroll & Graf.
490:(2017), by Susan Holloway Scott.
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1833:Presidency of George Washington
1650:"American System" economic plan
1101:First Bank of the United States
870:New York: Simon & Schuster.
73:presidency of George Washington
1627:American Philosophical Society
1452:Alexander Hamilton High School
390:", in which the affair begins.
71:from 1791 to 1792, during the
50:Hamilton–Reynolds affair
1:
932:Journal of the Early Republic
366:portrayed Maria Reynolds and
349:portrayed Maria Reynolds and
1638:New York Manumission Society
1116:Hamiltonian economic program
800:, pp. 283–284, 301–302.
32:The Reynolds Pamphlet (song)
1687:Elizabeth Schuyler Hamilton
1480:Hamilton Heights, Manhattan
1312:Pacificus-Helvidius Debates
934:16, no. 3 (1996): 389–417,
835:Freeman, Joanne B. (2002).
341:in 1917, was co-written by
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1394:Columbia University statue
529:portraying Maria Reynolds.
259:"Hamilton–Reynolds affair"
168:, commonly referred to as
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1798:1792 in American politics
1793:1791 in American politics
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1549:(1997 documentary series)
1447:Alexander Hamilton Bridge
1353:Relationship with slavery
1323:Society of the Cincinnati
1321:President General of the
1302:Founder, Bank of New York
1290:Founder, Federalist Party
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525:portrayed Hamilton, with
370:portrayed James Reynolds.
58:Secretary of the Treasury
1818:History of New York City
1711:James Alexander Hamilton
1341:Hamilton–Reynolds affair
1193:"Report On Manufactures"
1083:New York Circular Letter
874:Wheelan, Joseph (2005).
858:Isenberg, Nancy (2007).
1511:Trinity Church Cemetery
1437:Boyhood home and museum
186:James Thomson Callender
1747:Alexander Hamilton Jr.
1705:Alexander Hamilton Jr.
1622:American Enlightenment
1557:(2002 animated series)
866:Mazzeo, Tilar (2018).
814:Ferling, John (2013).
356:The biographical film
353:played James Reynolds.
172:
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1753:Allan McLane Hamilton
1470:(Columbia University)
1347:Rutgers v. Waddington
1330:New-York Evening Post
1307:Bank of North America
1077:The Federalist Papers
841:Yale University Press
779:Hamilton, Alexander.
634:Hamilton, Alexander.
577:Hamilton, Alexander.
413:The Reynolds Pamphlet
170:The Reynolds Pamphlet
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1729:Eliza Hamilton Holly
1717:John Church Hamilton
1617:Age of Enlightenment
1389:U.S. Treasury statue
1111:U.S. Customs Service
878:Jefferson's Vendetta
862:. New York: Penguin.
820:. Bloomsbury Press.
443:Jasmine Cephas Jones
373:In the 2015 musical
240:improve this section
151:Frederick Muhlenberg
52:was the first major
1813:American fraudsters
1723:William S. Hamilton
1662:American Revolution
1643:African Free School
1409:U.S. postage stamps
1384:Central Park statue
1158:Coinage Act of 1792
1133:Funding Act of 1790
673:. National Archives
478:The Hamilton Affair
63:, who conducted an
1823:Alexander Hamilton
1562:Alexander Hamilton
1538:Alexander Hamilton
1505:Alexander Hamilton
1497:Alexander Hamilton
1358:Burr–Hamilton duel
1126:Compromise of 1790
1059:The Farmer Refuted
1003:Alexander Hamilton
913:Alexander Hamilton
910:(April 26, 2004).
769:, pp. 120–121
467:The Whiskey Rebels
435:released the film
381:Lin-Manuel Miranda
359:Alexander Hamilton
208:In popular culture
173:
61:Alexander Hamilton
46:
42:Alexander Hamilton
1780:
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1741:Schuyler Hamilton
1699:Angelica Hamilton
1597:(2020 miniseries)
1573:(2008 miniseries)
1374:Trumbull portrait
1272:Siege of Yorktown
1170:Whiskey Rebellion
1143:Bank Bill of 1791
916:. Penguin Press.
730:Reynolds, James.
711:Reynolds, James.
692:Reynolds, James.
665:Reynolds, Maria.
606:, available from
488:I, Eliza Hamilton
431:On July 3, 2020,
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123:Reynolds Pamphlet
18:Reynolds Pamphlet
16:(Redirected from
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1283:Other events
1242:White Plains
1228:aide-de-camp
1227:
1094:the Treasury
1092:Secretary of
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364:June Collyer
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238:Please help
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143:James Monroe
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111:Philadelphia
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87:James Monroe
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47:
1565:(2004 book)
1541:(1931 film)
1533:(1917 play)
502:(2018), by
480:(2016), by
470:(2008), by
458:(2000), by
77:blackmailed
54:sex scandal
1787:Categories
1755:(grandson)
1749:(grandson)
1743:(grandson)
1731:(daughter)
1701:(daughter)
1594:Washington
1570:John Adams
1414:Greenbacks
1367:Depictions
1262:Germantown
1257:Brandywine
1175:Jay Treaty
546:References
511:Television
472:David Liss
450:Literature
395:Aaron Burr
270:newspapers
194:Aaron Burr
105:Background
99:Aaron Burr
81:hush money
1587:2020 film
1429:Memorials
1328:Founder,
1252:Princeton
1163:U.S. Mint
337:, ran on
227:does not
1772:Category
1667:patriots
1578:Hamilton
1546:Liberty!
1530:Hamilton
1267:Monmouth
1233:Battles
1179:Reports
534:See also
438:Hamilton
376:Hamilton
339:Broadway
334:Hamilton
1605:Related
1476:(Salem)
1247:Trenton
808:Sources
677:30 June
588:17 July
433:Disney+
284:scholar
248:removed
233:sources
166:Refuted
136:Scandal
121:In the
1689:(wife)
1679:Family
1634:(N.J.)
1061:(1775)
1053:(1774)
920:
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401:, and
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149:, and
65:affair
1737:(son)
1725:(son)
1719:(son)
1713:(son)
1707:(son)
1695:(son)
424:Eliza
291:JSTOR
277:books
67:with
1495:USS
918:ISBN
884:ISBN
845:ISBN
822:ISBN
679:2016
590:2016
420:Burn
263:news
231:any
229:cite
127:duel
95:duel
48:The
1503:PS
936:doi
242:by
1789::
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34:.
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