442:
rhinitis were recognized. Vasomotor rhinitis is now included among these under the more general classification of nonallergic rhinitis. The diagnosis is made upon excluding allergic causes. It is an umbrella term of rhinitis of multiple causes, such as occupational (chemical), smoking, gustatory, hormonal, senile (rhinitis of the elderly), atrophic, medication-induced (including rhinitis medicamentosa), local allergic rhinitis, non-allergic rhinitis with eosinophilia syndrome (NARES) and idiopathic (vasomotor or non-allergic, non-infectious perennial allergic rhinitis (NANIPER), or non-infectious non-allergic rhinitis (NINAR).
473:). In certain populations, particularly those of East Asian countries such as Japan, these reactions have a nonallergic basis. In other populations, particularly those of European descent, a genetic variant in the gene that metabolizes ethanol to acetaldehyde, ADH1B, is associated with alcohol-induced rhinitis. It is suggested that this variant metabolizes ethanol to acetaldehyde too quickly for further processing by ALDH2 and thereby leads to the accumulation of acetaldehyde and rhinitis symptoms. In these cases, alcohol-induced rhinitis may be of the
734:
724:
58:
449:, or weather), airborne irritants (odors, fumes), dietary factors (spicy food, alcohol), sexual arousal, exercise, and emotional factors trigger rhinitis. There is still much to be learned about this, but it is thought that these non-allergic triggers cause dilation of the blood vessels in the lining of the nose, which results in swelling and drainage.
4781:
441:
Nonallergic rhinitis refers to rhinitis that is not due to an allergy. The category was formerly referred to as vasomotor rhinitis, as the first cause discovered was vasodilation due to an overactive parasympathetic nerve response. As additional causes were identified, additional types of nonallergic
756:
in the nasal mucous membrane. This results in mucin hypersecretion by goblet cells and decreased mucociliary activity. Nasal secretion are not adequately cleared with clinical manifestation of nasal congestion, sinus pressure, post-nasal dripping, and headache. Over-expression of transient receptor
477:
type and, it seems likely, most cases of alcohol-induced rhinitis in non-Asian populations reflect true allergic response to the non-ethanol and/or contaminants in alcoholic beverages, particularly when these beverages are wines or beers. Alcohol-exacerbated rhinitis is more frequent in individuals
1815:
Hellings PW, Klimek L, Cingi C, Agache I, Akdis C, Bachert C, Bousquet J, Demoly P, Gevaert P, Hox V, Hupin C, Kalogjera L, Manole F, Mösges R, Mullol J, Muluk NB, Muraro A, Papadopoulos N, Pawankar R, Rondon C, Rundenko M, Seys SF, Toskala E, Van Gerven L, Zhang L, Zhang N, Fokkens WJ (November
269:
Rhinitis is very common. Allergic rhinitis is more common in some countries than others; in the United States, about 10–30% of adults are affected annually. Mixed rhinitis (MR) refers to patients with nonallergic rhinitis and allergic rhinitis. MR is a specific rhinitis subtype. It may represent
461:
imbalance plays a role. In general, age of onset occurs after 20 years of age, in contrast to allergic rhinitis which can be developed at any age. Individuals with vasomotor rhinitis typically experience symptoms year-round, though symptoms may be exacerbated in the spring and autumn when rapid
456:
and is as yet not very well understood. The role of transient receptor potential ion channels on the non-neuronal nasal epithelial cells has also been suggested. Overexpression of these receptors have influence the nasal airway hyper-responsiveness to non-allergic irritant environmental stimuli
769:
Neurogenic inflammation produced by neuropeptides released from sensory nerve endings to the airways is a proposed common mechanism of association between both allergic and non-allergic rhinitis with asthma. This may explain higher association of rhinitis with asthma developing later in life.
787:
The different forms of rhinitis are essentially diagnosed clinically. Vasomotor rhinitis is differentiated from viral and bacterial infections by the lack of purulent exudate and crusting. It can be differentiated from allergic rhinitis because of the absence of an identifiable allergen.
795:
that show potential to assist in the diagnosis of rhinitis and rhinosinusitis and to evaluate management and treatment adherence. While this shows promise for clinical management, as of 2022 few had been validated in the scientific literature, and even fewer included considerations for
2721:
2698:
774:
is often preceded by occupational rhinitis. Among the causative agents are flours, enzymes used in processing food, latex, isocyanates, welding fumes, epoxy resins, and formaldehyde. Accordingly, prognosis of
278:
Rhinitis is categorized into three types (although infectious rhinitis is typically regarded as a separate clinical entity due to its transient nature): (i) infectious rhinitis includes acute and chronic
4441:
457:(e.g., extremes of temperature, changes in osmotic or barometric pressure). Vasomotor rhinitis appears to be significantly more common in women than men, leading some researchers to believe that
3224:
254:
and other chemicals, starting an inflammatory process that can cause symptoms outside the nose, such as fatigue and malaise. In the case of infectious rhinitis, it may occasionally lead to
2459:
1993:
Rajan JP, Wineinger NE, Stevenson DD, White AA (March 2015). "Prevalence of aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease among asthmatic patients: A meta-analysis of the literature".
238:. The allergens may also affect the eyes, causing watery, reddened, or itchy eyes and puffiness around the eyes. The inflammation results in the generation of large amounts of
4434:
2843:
4487:
3688:
3938:
1089:
4427:
452:
Non-allergic rhinitis can co-exist with allergic rhinitis, and is referred to as "mixed rhinitis". The pathology of vasomotor rhinitis appears to involve
565:. When the mast cells are stimulated by an allergen, histamine (and other chemicals) are released. This causes itching, swelling, and mucus production.
493:), can worsen rhinitis and asthma symptoms in individuals with a history of either one of these diseases. These exacerbations most often appear due to
3443:
242:, commonly producing a runny nose, as well as a stuffy nose and post-nasal drip. In the case of allergic rhinitis, the inflammation is caused by the
4806:
4492:
3467:
3239:
1332:"Classification of Nonallergic Rhinitis Syndromes With a Focus on Vasomotor Rhinitis, Proposed to be Known henceforth as Nonallergic Rhinopathy"
1627:
Silvers WS, Poole JA (February 2006). "Exercise-induced rhinitis: a common disorder that adversely affects allergic and nonallergic athletes".
140:
4385:
3214:
1073:
482:
470:
2028:
Choi JH, Kim MA, Park HS (February 2014). "An update on the pathogenesis of the upper airways in aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease".
758:
2197:
2071:
Bernstein JA (October 2007). "Azelastine hydrochloride: a review of pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy and tolerability".
3900:
3683:
3438:
2836:
2740:
2273:
Rondón C, Fernandez J, Canto G, Blanca M (2010). "Local allergic rhinitis: concept, clinical manifestations, and diagnostic approach".
1895:
Macgregor S, Lind PA, Bucholz KK, Hansell NK, Madden PA, Richter MM, Montgomery GW, Martin NG, Heath AC, Whitfield JB (February 2009).
4358:
3693:
3489:
1897:"Associations of ADH and ALDH2 gene variation with self report alcohol reactions, consumption and dependence: an integrated analysis"
3890:
3670:
3170:
2865:
2860:
2174:
1671:
370:
2566:"Pharmacologic Treatment of Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis: Synopsis of Guidance From the 2017 Joint Task Force on Practice Parameters"
3931:
2164:
494:
3634:
1484:
Brown KR, Bernstein JA (June 2015). "Clinically relevant outcome measures of novel pharmacotherapy for nonallergic rhinitis".
3905:
2829:
737:
Mechanism of non-allergic rhinitis: Imbalance between sympathetic and parasympathetic components in the nasal mucous membrane
3371:
2230:
Rondón C, Canto G, Blanca M (February 2010). "Local allergic rhinitis: a new entity, characterization and further studies".
4350:
3479:
1193:
Marshall PS, O'Hara C, Steinberg P (April 2000). "Effects of seasonal allergic rhinitis on selected cognitive abilities".
4821:
4599:
4477:
4362:
4242:
3678:
3629:
3462:
3400:
997:. According to physician Andrew Wylie, "we use the term for a cold in the head, but the two are really synonymous. The
1242:
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366:
4771:
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4354:
4160:
3825:
1093:
4502:
4346:
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3323:
3297:
3022:
2923:
686:
621:. Many people who were previously diagnosed with nonallergic rhinitis may actually have local allergic rhinitis.
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3302:
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3280:
3185:
3146:
3093:
3071:
3029:
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391:
3453:
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Environmental irritants acts as modulators of airway inflammation in these contiguous airways. Development of
445:
In vasomotor rhinitis, certain nonspecific stimuli, including changes in environment (temperature, humidity,
4816:
4748:
4709:
4390:
4221:
3602:
3244:
3160:
3035:
453:
164:
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Sousa-Pinto, Bernardo; Anto, Aram; Berger, Markus; Dramburg, Stephanie; Pfaar, Oliver; et al. (2022).
4811:
4727:
4586:
4482:
4303:
4195:
3728:
3581:
3542:
3457:
3410:
3109:
2952:
1946:"Alcohol-induced respiratory symptoms are common in patients with aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease"
1287:
Bernstein, Jonathan A. (September 2010). "Allergic and mixed rhinitis: Epidemiology and natural history".
637:
527:
A systematic review on non-allergic rhinitis reports improvement of overall function after treatment with
505:
397:
300:
462:
weather changes are more common. An estimated 17 million United States citizens have vasomotor rhinitis.
2990:
2962:
647:
403:
266:. Sneezing also occurs in infectious rhinitis to expel bacteria and viruses from the respiratory tract.
1944:
Cardet JC, White AA, Barrett NA, Feldweg AM, Wickner PG, Savage J, Bhattacharyya N, Laidlaw TM (2014).
617:
for allergies, they may still have allergic rhinitis, from a local allergy in the nose. This is called
2385:"Rhinitis phenotypes correlate with different symptom presentation and risk factor patterns of asthma"
4801:
4512:
4116:
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3607:
3559:
3547:
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829:
655:
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436:
284:
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3916:
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3588:
3537:
3165:
2985:
2852:
2725:
776:
771:
733:
446:
280:
263:
1818:"Non-allergic rhinitis: Position paper of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology"
1152:
270:
between 50 and 70% of all AR patients. However, true prevalence of MR has not been confirmed yet.
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4535:
4458:
4201:
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1771:
1721:
1509:
841:
817:
809:
296:
2605:
1018:
642:
Rhinitis medicamentosa is a form of drug-induced nonallergic rhinitis which is associated with
4758:
4674:
4647:
4530:
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4287:
3855:
3099:
2928:
2889:
2791:
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2627:
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2506:
2441:
2406:
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Eriksson J, Bjerg A, Lötvall J, Wennergren G, Rönmark E, Torén K, Lundbäck B (November 2011).
2365:
2316:
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2010:
1975:
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135:
69:
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2002:
1965:
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1705:
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1202:
921:
886:
845:
813:
643:
486:
420:
358:
342:
172:
89:
2485:"Real-world data using mHealth apps in rhinitis, rhinosinusitis and their multimorbidities"
1860:
Adams KE, Rans TS (December 2013). "Adverse reactions to alcohol and alcoholic beverages".
4785:
4642:
4594:
4342:
4319:
4038:
4013:
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3820:
3772:
3660:
3611:
3532:
3448:
3256:
378:
259:
184:
31:
761:, such as TRPA1 and TRPV1, may be involved in the pathogenesis of non-allergic rhinitis.
568:
Symptoms vary in severity between individuals. Very sensitive individuals can experience
2140:
2115:
1387:
4719:
4701:
4669:
4659:
4634:
4558:
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4152:
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4053:
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2519:
2484:
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1970:
1945:
1921:
1896:
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1429:
1402:
1364:
1331:
868:
797:
779:
is contingent on early diagnosis and the adoption of protective measures for rhinitis.
667:
550:
517:
320:
218:. Allergic rhinitis may cause additional symptoms, such as sneezing and nasal itching,
2730:
1640:
1206:
580:
and detergents, which can normally be tolerated, can greatly aggravate the condition.
516:) in nostril spray form may also be used for symptomatic treatment. The antihistamine
4795:
4753:
4689:
4629:
4332:
4216:
4180:
4165:
4097:
4033:
4028:
3850:
3564:
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2821:
2057:
1403:"Common cold symptoms in children: results of an Internet-based surveillance program"
957:
872:
663:
659:
651:
592:
382:
312:
243:
2734:
2670:
2100:
1775:
1746:
Bernstein JA, Singh U (April 2015). "Neural
Abnormalities in Nonallergic Rhinitis".
1725:
1513:
723:
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4654:
4624:
4614:
4609:
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4121:
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3998:
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3740:
3125:
3077:
2946:
2259:
2131:
1529:"Up-date on neuro-immune mechanisms involved in allergic and non-allergic rhinitis"
1166:
Quillen DM, Feller DB (May 2006). "Diagnosing rhinitis: allergic vs. nonallergic".
998:
584:
583:
Characteristic physical findings in individuals who have allergic rhinitis include
362:
160:
17:
2802:
2351:
531:(the active component of chili peppers). The quality of evidence is low, however.
2756:
2301:
2243:
2041:
1497:
1347:
4679:
4619:
4576:
4185:
4175:
4136:
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1001:
advised their patients to clean their nostrils and thereby sharpen their wits."
835:
749:
712:
674:
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412:
374:
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332:
2809:
2767:
2401:
2384:
2006:
1961:
1873:
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1228:
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1709:
792:
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558:
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408:
350:
176:
144:
2564:
Wallace DV, Dykewicz MS, Oppenheimer J, Portnoy JM, Lang DM (December 2017).
2510:
2084:
1355:
1308:
1300:
1274:"Economic Impact and Quality-of-Life Burden of Allergic Rhinitis: Prevalence"
4525:
4327:
4272:
4237:
3988:
3880:
3512:
3381:
3376:
3346:
2897:
2797:
2711:
2707:
628:
may be used to determine if a particular substance is causing the rhinitis.
614:
596:
562:
528:
386:
346:
336:
255:
251:
247:
2591:
2528:
2445:
2410:
2369:
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2014:
1979:
1930:
1881:
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1585:
1554:
1505:
1470:
1438:
1373:
1316:
1214:
1179:
1120:
2114:
Gevorgyan A, Segboer C, Gorissen R, van Drunen CM, Fokkens W (July 2015).
4073:
3895:
3780:
3180:
2649:
Wylie A (1927). "Rhinology and laryngology in literature and Folk-Lore".
1912:
603:
588:
577:
554:
424:
292:
288:
223:
207:
199:
195:
1545:
1528:
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is inhaled by an individual with a sensitized immune system, triggering
57:
4450:
4277:
3133:
3009:
2501:
825:
821:
692:
513:
458:
231:
4419:
2690:
2336:"TRP channels and temperature in airway disease-clinical significance"
1834:
1817:
1419:
4472:
3230:
3043:
2972:
2702:
2582:
2565:
2424:
Scherer
Hofmeier K, Bircher A, Tamm M, Miedinger D (April 2012). "".
753:
546:
504:, applied as a nasal spray, may be effective for vasomotor rhinitis.
466:
316:
308:
215:
211:
180:
65:
1107:
Settipane RA (2003). "Rhinitis: a dose of epidemiological reality".
1696:
Knipping S, Holzhausen HJ, Riederer A, Schrom T (August 2008). "".
545:
Allergic rhinitis or hay fever may follow when an allergen such as
3051:
2544:"Study Finds 7 Apps for Rhinitis and Rhinosinusitis With Evidence"
732:
722:
569:
416:
239:
219:
191:
27:
Irritation and inflammation of the mucous membrane inside the nose
3000:
2745:
2606:"rhinitis | Definition, meaning & more | Collins Dictionary"
2309:
2275:
1019:"rhinitis | Definition, meaning & more | Collins Dictionary"
573:
490:
168:
4423:
3920:
2825:
1686:(Middleton's Allergy Principles and Practice, seventh edition.)
1457:
Wheeler PW, Wheeler SF (September 2005). "Vasomotor rhinitis".
2628:"coryza | Definition, meaning & more | Collins Dictionary"
1041:"coryza | Definition, meaning & more | Collins Dictionary"
741:
Most prominent pathological changes observed are nasal airway
677:) that constrict the blood vessels in the lining of the nose.
991:
976:
961:
646:
brought on by the use of certain oral medications (primarily
864:
The management of rhinitis depends on the underlying cause.
1950:
The
Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. In Practice
1527:
Van Gerven L, Boeckxstaens G, Hellings P (September 2012).
1229:"Inflammatory Nature of Allergic Rhinitis: Pathophysiology"
942:
936:
927:
901:
892:
576:. Particulate matter in polluted air and chemicals such as
104:
95:
1065:
Ear, nose, and throat diseases: with head and neck surgery
907:
349:
infection, including the common cold, which is caused by
110:
2460:"Nonallergic Rhinitis - Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders"
808:
In the case of infectious rhinitis, vaccination against
1664:
Manual of
Allergy and Immunology: Diagnosis and Therapy
250:
in the nose. When mast cells degranulate, they release
30:"Coryza" redirects here. For the genus of beetles, see
465:
Drinking alcohol may cause rhinitis as well as worsen
4769:
1452:
1450:
1448:
939:
924:
910:
898:
113:
101:
2680:
933:
904:
889:
107:
92:
4736:
4718:
4700:
4585:
4567:
4549:
4511:
4457:
4316:
4296:
4230:
4151:
4117:
mast cell stabilizer (some are also antihistamines)
4072:
3968:
3959:
3868:
3841:
3771:
3757:
3711:
3669:
3648:
3622:
3525:
3511:
3502:
3431:
3316:
3296:
3179:
3159:
2999:
2879:
2859:
2777:
2684:
930:
895:
478:with a history of rhinitis exacerbated by aspirin.
134:
98:
76:
47:
42:
2232:Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology
2030:Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology
1486:Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology
1741:
1739:
1737:
1735:
1666:. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 66.
1136:Clinical environmental health and toxic exposures
703:Chronic form of dryness of the mucous membranes.
68:grains from a variety of common plants can cause
2166:The Daily Telegraph: Complete Guide to Allergies
1401:Troullos E, Baird L, Jayawardena S (June 2014).
1068:(3rd ed.). Stuttgart: Thieme. p. 150.
871:are recommended. For severe symptoms intranasal
695:of the mucous membrane and glands of the nose.
1995:The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
791:Evidence has been published from a few health
497:rather than NSAID-induced allergic reactions.
4488:Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis
4435:
3932:
2837:
728:Pathological changes in non-allergic rhinitis
8:
595:, lateral crease on the nose, swollen nasal
557:production. These antibodies mostly bind to
2120:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1568:Wheeler, P. W.; Wheeler, S. F. (Sep 2005).
4442:
4428:
4420:
3965:
3939:
3925:
3917:
3768:
3522:
3508:
3313:
3176:
2876:
2844:
2830:
2822:
2681:
2559:
2557:
1862:Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology
1629:Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology
1195:Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology
485:(NSAIDs), particularly those that inhibit
56:
39:
3444:Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema
2581:
2518:
2500:
2400:
2359:
2139:
1969:
1920:
1855:
1853:
1833:
1544:
1428:
1418:
1363:
1243:"Immunopathogenesis of allergic rhinitis"
206:, which is usually triggered by airborne
2651:The Journal of Laryngology & Otology
2198:"Allergic rhinitis: update on diagnosis"
1062:Pfaltz CR, Becker W, Naumann HH (2009).
4776:
4493:Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
3468:Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
1010:
989:comes through Latin from Ancient Greek
765:Association between rhinitis and asthma
520:is also effective, probably due to its
2300:Ramey JT, Bailen E, Lockey RF (2006).
1336:The World Allergy Organization Journal
407:. Symptoms of the common cold include
202:. The most common kind of rhinitis is
2281:(5): 364–71, quiz 2 p following 371.
2116:"Capsaicin for non-allergic rhinitis"
1147:
1145:
483:non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
471:alcohol-induced respiratory reactions
7:
2073:Current Medical Research and Opinion
1790:"What causes non-allergic rhinitis?"
1407:Journal of Medical Internet Research
3901:Idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis
3490:Vaping-associated pulmonary injury
2853:Diseases of the respiratory system
2489:Clinical and Translational Allergy
1748:Current Allergy and Asthma Reports
867:For allergic rhinitis, intranasal
754:ciliated columnar epithelial cells
25:
1330:Kaliner, Michael A (2009-06-15).
711:Chronic rhinitis associated with
371:human respiratory syncytial virus
341:Rhinitis is commonly caused by a
4779:
2542:May, Brandon (6 December 2022).
2196:Valet RS, Fahrenholz JM (2009).
1134:Sullivan JB, Krieger GR (2001).
920:
885:
591:, eyelid swelling, lower eyelid
495:NSAID hypersensitivity reactions
287:includes vasomotor, idiopathic,
88:
4807:Enterovirus-associated diseases
2464:MSD Manual Professional Edition
323:, and other inhaled allergens.
3950:and other nasal preparations (
3906:Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis
2132:10.1002/14651858.CD010591.pub2
1289:Allergy and Asthma Proceedings
691:Chronic rhinitis is a form of
609:Even if a person has negative
389:, which is commonly caused by
190:The inflammation is caused by
1:
3480:Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
2352:10.1080/23328940.2015.1012979
1641:10.1016/s1081-1206(10)61244-6
1207:10.1016/S1081-1206(10)62273-9
918:, while coryza is pronounced
4728:Acute interstitial nephritis
4600:Eosinophilic gastroenteritis
4478:Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
4243:Calcium hexamine thiocyanate
3463:Respiratory hypersensitivity
3401:Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
2244:10.1097/ACI.0b013e328334f5fb
2042:10.1097/aci.0000000000000021
1498:10.1097/ACI.0000000000000166
1348:10.1097/WOX.0b013e3181a9d55b
303:(rebound congestion); (iii)
4541:Hypersensitivity vasculitis
4536:Allergic contact dermatitis
3372:Coalworker's pneumoconiosis
2630:. www.collinsdictionary.com
2608:. www.collinsdictionary.com
2570:Annals of Internal Medicine
1043:. www.collinsdictionary.com
1021:. www.collinsdictionary.com
879:Pronunciation and etymology
367:human parainfluenza viruses
4838:
4161:Beclometasone dipropionate
3225:Acute exacerbation of COPD
2402:10.1016/j.rmed.2011.06.004
2334:Millqvist E (April 2015).
2007:10.1016/j.jaci.2014.08.020
1962:10.1016/j.jaip.2013.12.003
1874:10.1016/j.anai.2013.09.016
992:
977:
962:
713:polyps in the nasal cavity
684:
635:
538:
434:
330:
29:
4503:Laboratory animal allergy
4380:
4078:excluding corticosteroids
2663:10.1017/S0022215100029959
2438:10.1024/0040-5930/a000283
2208:: 610–613. Archived from
1760:10.1007/s11882-015-0511-7
1710:10.1007/s00106-008-1764-4
1459:American Family Physician
1168:American Family Physician
687:Chronic atrophic rhinitis
681:Chronic atrophic rhinitis
411:, sneezing, sore throat (
377:other than rhinoviruses,
64:
55:
4605:Eosinophilic esophagitis
4231:Other nasal preparations
3288:Diffuse panbronchiolitis
3281:Bronchiolitis obliterans
3147:Laryngotracheal stenosis
3094:Laryngopharyngeal reflux
3072:Laryngopharyngeal reflux
3030:Laryngopharyngeal reflux
2958:Nasal septum perforation
2302:"Rhinitis medicamentosa"
2085:10.1185/030079907X226302
1901:Human Molecular Genetics
1301:10.2500/aap.2010.31.3380
831:Streptococcus pneumoniae
392:Streptococcus pneumoniae
171:. Common symptoms are a
4749:Allergic conjunctivitis
4710:Eosinophilic meningitis
4551:Blood and immune system
4222:Triamcinolone acetonide
3036:Retropharyngeal abscess
2163:Brooks P (2012-10-25).
883:Rhinitis is pronounced
793:apps for mobile devices
619:local allergic rhinitis
611:skin-prick, intradermal
454:neurogenic inflammation
4483:Eosinophilic pneumonia
4304:Olopatadine/mometasone
4196:Fluticasone propionate
3729:Pulmonary hypertension
3458:Eosinophilic pneumonia
3110:Vocal cord dysfunction
2953:Nasal septum deviation
2426:Therapeutische Umschau
2169:. Little, Brown Book.
1090:"Nonallergic rhinitis"
837:Haemophilus influenzae
738:
730:
638:Rhinitis medicamentosa
632:Rhinitis medicamentosa
506:Fluticasone propionate
398:Haemophilus influenzae
301:rhinitis medicamentosa
4093:histamine antagonists
3856:Mediastinal emphysema
3635:Healthcare-associated
3565:Legionnaires' disease
2991:Peritonsillar abscess
2963:Nasal septal hematoma
2495:(11). Wiley: e12208.
856:may help prevent it.
736:
726:
656:topical decongestants
648:sympathomimetic amine
404:Moraxella catarrhalis
4720:Genitourinary system
4297:Combination products
3603:Mendelson's syndrome
3475:Hamman–Rich syndrome
2389:Respiratory Medicine
1796:. Gov.uk. 2018-09-07
1600:"Vasomotor rhinitis
1570:"Vasomotor rhinitis"
853:Bordetella pertussis
437:Nonallergic rhinitis
431:Nonallergic rhinitis
295:, occupational, and
285:nonallergic rhinitis
281:bacterial infections
236:cognitive impairment
159:, is irritation and
4822:Otorhinolaryngology
4451:Allergic conditions
4359:+dexbrompheniramine
4338:Phenylpropanolamine
4268:Ipratropium bromide
4192:Fluticasone furoate
3876:Respiratory failure
3843:Mediastinal disease
3411:Bird fancier's lung
2986:Adenoid hypertrophy
1546:10.4193/Rhino11.152
1388:"Allergic rhinitis"
1153:"Allergic rhinitis"
1109:Allergy Asthma Proc
777:occupational asthma
772:occupational asthma
447:barometric pressure
361:, others caused by
18:Rhinoconjunctivitis
4569:Circulatory system
4459:Respiratory system
4407:Never to phase III
4202:Mometasone furoate
3781:Pleuritis/pleurisy
3734:Pulmonary embolism
3630:Community-acquired
3555:Atypical bacterial
3454:Löffler's syndrome
3235:Status asthmaticus
3220:Chronic bronchitis
3105:Vocal fold paresis
2919:Vasomotor rhinitis
2778:External resources
2502:10.1002/clt2.12208
1913:10.1093/hmg/ddn372
1662:Adelman D (2002).
847:Bacillus anthracis
759:(TRP) ion channels
739:
731:
500:The antihistamine
481:Aspirin and other
297:gustatory rhinitis
141:Infectious disease
4767:
4766:
4759:Dust mite allergy
4531:Atopic dermatitis
4467:Allergic rhinitis
4417:
4416:
4312:
4311:
3914:
3913:
3864:
3863:
3821:Empyema/pyothorax
3753:
3752:
3749:
3748:
3707:
3706:
3640:Hospital-acquired
3498:
3497:
3362:Caplan's syndrome
3155:
3154:
3100:Vocal fold nodule
2924:Atrophic rhinitis
2819:
2818:
1835:10.1111/all.13200
1828:(11): 1657–1665.
1420:10.2196/jmir.2868
1075:978-3-13-671203-0
810:influenza viruses
707:Polypous rhinitis
654:derivatives) and
541:Allergic rhinitis
359:influenza viruses
305:allergic rhinitis
204:allergic rhinitis
150:
149:
123:coryza /kəˈraɪzə/
37:Medical condition
16:(Redirected from
4829:
4784:
4783:
4782:
4775:
4737:Other conditions
4587:Digestive system
4444:
4437:
4430:
4421:
4320:Sympathomimetics
4122:Cromoglicic acid
4009:Levmetamfetamine
3970:Sympathomimetics
3966:
3941:
3934:
3927:
3918:
3799:Pleural effusion
3792:Hemopneumothorax
3769:
3523:
3509:
3352:Bauxite fibrosis
3317:External agents/
3314:
3245:Exercise-induced
3201:Acute bronchitis
3177:
2877:
2846:
2839:
2832:
2823:
2682:
2675:
2674:
2646:
2640:
2639:
2637:
2635:
2624:
2618:
2617:
2615:
2613:
2602:
2596:
2595:
2585:
2583:10.7326/M17-2203
2561:
2552:
2551:
2539:
2533:
2532:
2522:
2504:
2480:
2474:
2473:
2471:
2470:
2456:
2450:
2449:
2421:
2415:
2414:
2404:
2380:
2374:
2373:
2363:
2331:
2325:
2324:
2306:
2297:
2291:
2290:
2270:
2264:
2263:
2227:
2221:
2220:
2218:
2217:
2193:
2187:
2186:
2184:
2183:
2160:
2154:
2153:
2143:
2111:
2105:
2104:
2068:
2062:
2061:
2025:
2019:
2018:
2001:(3): 676–81.e1.
1990:
1984:
1983:
1973:
1941:
1935:
1934:
1924:
1892:
1886:
1885:
1857:
1848:
1847:
1837:
1812:
1806:
1805:
1803:
1801:
1786:
1780:
1779:
1743:
1730:
1729:
1693:
1687:
1684:
1678:
1677:
1659:
1653:
1652:
1624:
1618:
1615:
1612:
1611:
1596:
1590:
1589:
1574:Am Fam Physician
1565:
1559:
1558:
1548:
1524:
1518:
1517:
1481:
1475:
1474:
1454:
1443:
1442:
1432:
1422:
1398:
1392:
1391:
1384:
1378:
1377:
1367:
1327:
1321:
1320:
1284:
1278:
1277:
1270:
1264:
1263:
1261:
1260:
1254:
1248:. Archived from
1247:
1239:
1233:
1232:
1225:
1219:
1218:
1190:
1184:
1183:
1163:
1157:
1156:
1149:
1140:
1139:
1131:
1125:
1124:
1104:
1098:
1097:
1092:. Archived from
1086:
1080:
1079:
1059:
1053:
1052:
1050:
1048:
1037:
1031:
1030:
1028:
1026:
1015:
996:
995:
994:
981:
980:
979:
966:
965:
964:
949:
948:
945:
944:
941:
938:
935:
932:
929:
926:
917:
916:
913:
912:
909:
906:
903:
900:
897:
894:
891:
644:nasal congestion
561:, which contain
522:antiserotonergic
487:cyclooxygenase 1
155:, also known as
120:
119:
116:
115:
112:
109:
106:
103:
100:
97:
94:
60:
40:
21:
4837:
4836:
4832:
4831:
4830:
4828:
4827:
4826:
4792:
4791:
4790:
4780:
4778:
4770:
4768:
4763:
4732:
4714:
4696:
4595:Coeliac disease
4581:
4563:
4545:
4507:
4453:
4448:
4418:
4413:
4412:
4397:Clinical trials
4376:
4343:Pseudoephedrine
4318:
4308:
4292:
4226:
4153:Corticosteroids
4147:
4077:
4068:
4039:Propylhexedrine
4014:Methylephedrine
3955:
3945:
3915:
3910:
3860:
3837:
3773:Pleural disease
3762:
3745:
3703:
3665:
3649:By distribution
3644:
3623:By vector/route
3618:
3516:
3504:
3494:
3449:Pulmonary edema
3427:
3322:
3318:
3305:
3301:
3292:
3257:Cystic fibrosis
3184:
3168:
3164:
3151:
2995:
2869:
2863:
2855:
2850:
2820:
2815:
2814:
2773:
2772:
2693:
2679:
2678:
2648:
2647:
2643:
2633:
2631:
2626:
2625:
2621:
2611:
2609:
2604:
2603:
2599:
2576:(12): 876–881.
2563:
2562:
2555:
2541:
2540:
2536:
2482:
2481:
2477:
2468:
2466:
2458:
2457:
2453:
2423:
2422:
2418:
2395:(11): 1611–21.
2382:
2381:
2377:
2333:
2332:
2328:
2304:
2299:
2298:
2294:
2272:
2271:
2267:
2229:
2228:
2224:
2215:
2213:
2195:
2194:
2190:
2181:
2179:
2177:
2162:
2161:
2157:
2126:(7): CD010591.
2113:
2112:
2108:
2079:(10): 2441–52.
2070:
2069:
2065:
2027:
2026:
2022:
1992:
1991:
1987:
1943:
1942:
1938:
1894:
1893:
1889:
1859:
1858:
1851:
1814:
1813:
1809:
1799:
1797:
1788:
1787:
1783:
1745:
1744:
1733:
1695:
1694:
1690:
1685:
1681:
1674:
1661:
1660:
1656:
1626:
1625:
1621:
1609:
1607:
1598:
1597:
1593:
1567:
1566:
1562:
1526:
1525:
1521:
1483:
1482:
1478:
1456:
1455:
1446:
1400:
1399:
1395:
1386:
1385:
1381:
1329:
1328:
1324:
1286:
1285:
1281:
1272:
1271:
1267:
1258:
1256:
1252:
1245:
1241:
1240:
1236:
1227:
1226:
1222:
1192:
1191:
1187:
1165:
1164:
1160:
1151:
1150:
1143:
1133:
1132:
1128:
1106:
1105:
1101:
1088:
1087:
1083:
1076:
1061:
1060:
1056:
1046:
1044:
1039:
1038:
1034:
1024:
1022:
1017:
1016:
1012:
1007:
990:
975:
960:
956:comes from the
923:
919:
888:
884:
881:
869:corticosteroids
862:
806:
785:
767:
721:
719:Pathophysiology
709:
701:
689:
683:
640:
634:
543:
537:
439:
433:
385:, or bacterial
379:metapneumovirus
339:
329:
307:, triggered by
276:
198:, irritants or
185:post-nasal drip
165:mucous membrane
130:
126:
91:
87:
38:
35:
32:Coryza (beetle)
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4835:
4833:
4825:
4824:
4819:
4817:Nose disorders
4814:
4809:
4804:
4794:
4793:
4789:
4788:
4765:
4764:
4762:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4740:
4738:
4734:
4733:
4731:
4730:
4724:
4722:
4716:
4715:
4713:
4712:
4706:
4704:
4702:Nervous system
4698:
4697:
4695:
4694:
4693:
4692:
4687:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4651:
4650:
4645:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4591:
4589:
4583:
4582:
4580:
4579:
4573:
4571:
4565:
4564:
4562:
4561:
4559:Serum sickness
4555:
4553:
4547:
4546:
4544:
4543:
4538:
4533:
4528:
4523:
4517:
4515:
4509:
4508:
4506:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4475:
4470:
4463:
4461:
4455:
4454:
4449:
4447:
4446:
4439:
4432:
4424:
4415:
4414:
4411:
4410:
4409:
4408:
4405:
4394:
4388:
4382:
4381:
4378:
4377:
4375:
4374:
4351:+carbinoxamine
4340:
4335:
4330:
4324:
4322:
4314:
4313:
4310:
4309:
4307:
4306:
4300:
4298:
4294:
4293:
4291:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4265:
4260:
4255:
4250:
4248:Eucalyptus oil
4245:
4240:
4234:
4232:
4228:
4227:
4225:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4188:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4163:
4157:
4155:
4149:
4148:
4146:
4145:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4112:
4111:
4105:
4100:
4088:
4087:
4085:Spaglumic acid
4081:
4079:
4070:
4069:
4067:
4066:
4064:Xylometazoline
4061:
4056:
4054:Tuaminoheptane
4051:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4031:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3984:Cyclopentamine
3981:
3975:
3973:
3963:
3957:
3956:
3946:
3944:
3943:
3936:
3929:
3921:
3912:
3911:
3909:
3908:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3872:
3870:
3866:
3865:
3862:
3861:
3859:
3858:
3853:
3847:
3845:
3839:
3838:
3836:
3835:
3829:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3801:
3795:
3794:
3784:
3783:
3777:
3775:
3766:
3759:Pleural cavity
3755:
3754:
3751:
3750:
3747:
3746:
3744:
3743:
3738:
3737:
3736:
3731:
3721:
3715:
3713:
3709:
3708:
3705:
3704:
3702:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3675:
3673:
3667:
3666:
3664:
3663:
3658:
3652:
3650:
3646:
3645:
3643:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3626:
3624:
3620:
3619:
3617:
3616:
3615:
3614:
3605:
3591:
3586:
3585:
3584:
3574:
3573:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3552:
3551:
3550:
3545:
3535:
3529:
3527:
3520:
3506:
3500:
3499:
3496:
3495:
3493:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3471:
3470:
3460:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3435:
3433:
3429:
3428:
3426:
3425:
3424:
3423:
3421:Lycoperdonosis
3418:
3413:
3408:
3397:
3396:
3395:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3332:Pneumoconiosis
3328:
3326:
3311:
3294:
3293:
3291:
3290:
3285:
3284:
3283:
3273:
3268:
3266:
3260:
3259:
3254:
3252:Bronchiectasis
3249:
3248:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3228:
3222:
3212:
3210:
3204:
3203:
3198:
3196:
3190:
3188:
3174:
3157:
3156:
3153:
3152:
3150:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3137:
3129:
3128:
3123:
3121:
3113:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3091:
3089:
3081:
3080:
3075:
3069:
3064:
3062:Laryngeal cyst
3059:
3057:Laryngomalacia
3054:
3049:
3047:
3039:
3038:
3033:
3027:
3026:
3025:
3015:
3013:
3005:
3003:
2997:
2996:
2994:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2976:
2968:
2967:
2966:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2932:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2911:
2909:
2901:
2900:
2895:
2893:
2885:
2883:
2874:
2857:
2856:
2851:
2849:
2848:
2841:
2834:
2826:
2817:
2816:
2813:
2812:
2794:
2782:
2781:
2779:
2775:
2774:
2771:
2770:
2759:
2748:
2737:
2718:
2694:
2689:
2688:
2686:
2685:Classification
2677:
2676:
2641:
2619:
2597:
2553:
2534:
2475:
2451:
2416:
2375:
2326:
2292:
2265:
2222:
2188:
2175:
2155:
2106:
2063:
2020:
1985:
1936:
1887:
1849:
1807:
1781:
1731:
1704:(8): 799–807.
1688:
1679:
1672:
1654:
1619:
1591:
1580:(6): 1057–62.
1560:
1519:
1476:
1465:(6): 1057–62.
1444:
1393:
1379:
1322:
1295:(5): 365–369.
1279:
1265:
1234:
1220:
1185:
1174:(9): 1583–90.
1158:
1141:
1138:. p. 341.
1126:
1099:
1096:on 2008-09-24.
1081:
1074:
1054:
1032:
1009:
1008:
1006:
1003:
999:ancient Romans
880:
877:
875:may be added.
873:antihistamines
861:
858:
814:COVID-19 virus
805:
802:
798:multimorbidity
784:
781:
766:
763:
720:
717:
708:
705:
700:
699:Rhinitis sicca
697:
685:Main article:
682:
679:
668:xylometazoline
636:Main article:
633:
630:
551:Balsam of Peru
539:Main article:
536:
533:
518:cyproheptadine
475:mixed rhinitis
435:Main article:
432:
429:
328:
325:
321:Balsam of Peru
275:
272:
148:
147:
143:, allergy and
138:
132:
131:
129:
128:
125:
124:
121:
83:
80:
78:
74:
73:
62:
61:
53:
52:
49:
45:
44:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4834:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4812:Inflammations
4810:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4799:
4797:
4787:
4777:
4773:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4754:Latex allergy
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4741:
4739:
4735:
4729:
4726:
4725:
4723:
4721:
4717:
4711:
4708:
4707:
4705:
4703:
4699:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4640:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4612:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4592:
4590:
4588:
4584:
4578:
4575:
4574:
4572:
4570:
4566:
4560:
4557:
4556:
4554:
4552:
4548:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4518:
4516:
4514:
4510:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4498:Farmer's lung
4496:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4468:
4465:
4464:
4462:
4460:
4456:
4452:
4445:
4440:
4438:
4433:
4431:
4426:
4425:
4422:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4383:
4379:
4372:
4368:
4364:
4363:+fexofenadine
4360:
4356:
4352:
4348:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4333:Phenylephrine
4331:
4329:
4326:
4325:
4323:
4321:
4317:Systemic use:
4315:
4305:
4302:
4301:
4299:
4295:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4235:
4233:
4229:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4217:Triamcinolone
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4197:
4193:
4190:Fluticasone (
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4181:Dexamethasone
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4166:Betamethasone
4164:
4162:
4159:
4158:
4156:
4154:
4150:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4119:
4118:
4114:
4113:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4098:Levocabastine
4095:
4094:
4090:
4089:
4086:
4083:
4082:
4080:
4075:
4071:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4034:Phenylephrine
4032:
4030:
4029:Oxymetazoline
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3958:
3953:
3949:
3948:Decongestants
3942:
3937:
3935:
3930:
3928:
3923:
3922:
3919:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3873:
3871:
3869:Other/general
3867:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3851:Mediastinitis
3849:
3848:
3846:
3844:
3840:
3834:
3831:
3830:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3796:
3793:
3789:
3786:
3785:
3782:
3779:
3778:
3776:
3774:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3760:
3756:
3742:
3739:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3726:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3716:
3714:
3710:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3676:
3674:
3672:
3668:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3653:
3651:
3647:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3627:
3625:
3621:
3613:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3600:
3597:
3596:
3595:
3594:noninfectious
3592:
3590:
3587:
3583:
3580:
3579:
3578:
3575:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3557:
3556:
3553:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3540:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3530:
3528:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3514:
3510:
3507:
3503:Obstructive /
3501:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3469:
3466:
3465:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3436:
3434:
3430:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3416:Farmer's lung
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3403:
3402:
3399:
3398:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3334:
3333:
3330:
3329:
3327:
3325:
3321:
3315:
3312:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3295:
3289:
3286:
3282:
3279:
3278:
3277:
3276:Bronchiolitis
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3261:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3232:
3229:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3217:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3205:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3191:
3189:
3187:
3182:
3178:
3175:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3158:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3136:
3135:
3131:
3130:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3120:
3119:
3115:
3114:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3088:
3087:
3083:
3082:
3079:
3076:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3046:
3045:
3041:
3040:
3037:
3034:
3031:
3028:
3024:
3021:
3020:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3012:
3011:
3007:
3006:
3004:
3002:
2998:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2975:
2974:
2970:
2969:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2950:
2949:
2948:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2916:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2908:
2907:
2903:
2902:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2892:
2891:
2887:
2886:
2884:
2882:
2878:
2875:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2858:
2854:
2847:
2842:
2840:
2835:
2833:
2828:
2827:
2824:
2811:
2807:
2804:
2800:
2799:
2795:
2793:
2789:
2788:
2784:
2783:
2780:
2776:
2769:
2765:
2764:
2760:
2758:
2754:
2753:
2749:
2747:
2743:
2742:
2738:
2736:
2732:
2728:
2727:
2723:
2719:
2717:
2713:
2709:
2705:
2704:
2700:
2696:
2695:
2692:
2687:
2683:
2672:
2668:
2664:
2660:
2656:
2652:
2645:
2642:
2629:
2623:
2620:
2607:
2601:
2598:
2593:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2567:
2560:
2558:
2554:
2549:
2545:
2538:
2535:
2530:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2479:
2476:
2465:
2461:
2455:
2452:
2447:
2443:
2439:
2435:
2431:
2427:
2420:
2417:
2412:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2394:
2390:
2386:
2379:
2376:
2371:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2330:
2327:
2322:
2318:
2315:(3): 148–55.
2314:
2310:
2303:
2296:
2293:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2269:
2266:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2226:
2223:
2212:on 2010-01-14
2211:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2192:
2189:
2178:
2176:9781472103949
2172:
2168:
2167:
2159:
2156:
2151:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2110:
2107:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2067:
2064:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2024:
2021:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1989:
1986:
1981:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1956:(2): 208–13.
1955:
1951:
1947:
1940:
1937:
1932:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1907:(3): 580–93.
1906:
1902:
1898:
1891:
1888:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1868:(6): 439–45.
1867:
1863:
1856:
1854:
1850:
1845:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1811:
1808:
1795:
1791:
1785:
1782:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1742:
1740:
1738:
1736:
1732:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1692:
1689:
1683:
1680:
1675:
1673:9780781730525
1669:
1665:
1658:
1655:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1635:(2): 334–40.
1634:
1630:
1623:
1620:
1617:
1614:
1606:. Nlm.nih.gov
1604:
1603:
1602:Medline Plus"
1595:
1592:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1564:
1561:
1556:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1539:(3): 227–35.
1538:
1534:
1530:
1523:
1520:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1492:(3): 204–12.
1491:
1487:
1480:
1477:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1453:
1451:
1449:
1445:
1440:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1397:
1394:
1390:. 2018-12-26.
1389:
1383:
1380:
1375:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1342:(6): 98–101.
1341:
1337:
1333:
1326:
1323:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1283:
1280:
1275:
1269:
1266:
1255:on 2017-08-09
1251:
1244:
1238:
1235:
1230:
1224:
1221:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1201:(4): 403–10.
1200:
1196:
1189:
1186:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1162:
1159:
1154:
1148:
1146:
1142:
1137:
1130:
1127:
1122:
1118:
1115:(3): 147–54.
1114:
1110:
1103:
1100:
1095:
1091:
1085:
1082:
1077:
1071:
1067:
1066:
1058:
1055:
1042:
1036:
1033:
1020:
1014:
1011:
1004:
1002:
1000:
988:
984:
973:
969:
959:
958:Ancient Greek
955:
951:
947:
915:
878:
876:
874:
870:
865:
859:
857:
855:
854:
849:
848:
843:
839:
838:
833:
832:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
803:
801:
799:
794:
789:
782:
780:
778:
773:
764:
762:
760:
755:
751:
747:
746:
735:
729:
725:
718:
716:
714:
706:
704:
698:
696:
694:
688:
680:
678:
676:
673:
669:
665:
664:phenylephrine
661:
660:oxymetazoline
657:
653:
652:2-imidazoline
649:
645:
639:
631:
629:
627:
622:
620:
616:
612:
607:
605:
602:
598:
594:
593:venous stasis
590:
587:swelling and
586:
581:
579:
575:
571:
566:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
542:
534:
532:
530:
525:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
498:
496:
492:
488:
484:
479:
476:
472:
468:
463:
460:
455:
450:
448:
443:
438:
430:
428:
426:
423:, and slight
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
405:
400:
399:
394:
393:
388:
384:
383:measles virus
380:
376:
375:enteroviruses
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
355:Coronaviruses
352:
348:
344:
338:
334:
326:
324:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
299:, as well as
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
273:
271:
267:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
244:degranulation
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
188:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
146:
142:
139:
137:
133:
122:
118:
85:
84:
82:
81:
79:
77:Pronunciation
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
54:
50:
46:
41:
33:
19:
4744:Drug allergy
4610:Food allergy
4288:Saline water
4207:Prednisolone
4115:
4108:Thonzylamine
4091:
4074:Antiallergic
3999:Fenoxazoline
3788:Pneumothorax
3741:Lung abscess
3723:
3593:
3582:Pneumocystis
3543:Pneumococcal
3324:lung disease
3320:occupational
3298:Interstitial
3263:
3207:
3193:
3166:lung disease
3132:
3126:Epiglottitis
3116:
3084:
3078:Laryngospasm
3042:
3023:Strep throat
3008:
2971:
2947:nasal septum
2945:
2913:
2904:
2888:
2796:
2785:
2761:
2750:
2739:
2720:
2697:
2657:(2): 81–87.
2654:
2650:
2644:
2632:. Retrieved
2622:
2610:. Retrieved
2600:
2573:
2569:
2547:
2537:
2492:
2488:
2478:
2467:. Retrieved
2463:
2454:
2432:(4): 261–7.
2429:
2425:
2419:
2392:
2388:
2378:
2346:(2): 172–7.
2343:
2339:
2329:
2312:
2308:
2295:
2278:
2274:
2268:
2235:
2231:
2225:
2214:. Retrieved
2210:the original
2205:
2201:
2191:
2180:. Retrieved
2165:
2158:
2123:
2119:
2109:
2076:
2072:
2066:
2033:
2029:
2023:
1998:
1994:
1988:
1953:
1949:
1939:
1904:
1900:
1890:
1865:
1861:
1825:
1821:
1810:
1800:December 18,
1798:. Retrieved
1793:
1784:
1751:
1747:
1701:
1697:
1691:
1682:
1663:
1657:
1632:
1628:
1622:
1616:
1608:. Retrieved
1605:
1601:
1594:
1577:
1573:
1563:
1536:
1532:
1522:
1489:
1485:
1479:
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1250:the original
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1013:
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830:
818:adenoviruses
807:
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786:
768:
750:goblet cells
742:
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727:
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690:
675:nasal sprays
641:
623:
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585:conjunctival
582:
567:
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464:
451:
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396:
390:
363:adenoviruses
351:Rhinoviruses
340:
277:
268:
189:
161:inflammation
156:
152:
151:
4802:Allergology
4577:Anaphylaxis
4469:(hay fever)
4393:from market
4367:+loratadine
4355:+cetirizine
4186:Flunisolide
4176:Ciclesonide
4137:Olopatadine
4049:Tramazoline
4044:Tetryzoline
4024:Naphazoline
4004:Iproheptine
3994:Epinephrine
3979:Amidephrine
3886:Common cold
3833:Fibrothorax
3816:Chylothorax
3811:Hydrothorax
3764:mediastinum
3724:circulatory
3719:Atelectasis
3526:By pathogen
3518:pneumonitis
3505:Restrictive
3485:Sarcoidosis
3357:Berylliosis
3303:restrictive
3264:unspecified
3186:obstructive
3169:(including
3086:vocal cords
3018:Pharyngitis
2981:Tonsillitis
2936:Nasal polyp
2871:common cold
2864:(including
2787:MedlinePlus
2340:Temperature
1413:(6): e144.
743:epithelial
672:naphazoline
615:blood tests
549:, dust, or
413:pharyngitis
333:Common cold
173:stuffy nose
167:inside the
48:Other names
4796:Categories
4521:Angioedema
4347:+azatadine
4283:Ritiometan
4263:Hyaluronan
4258:Hexamidine
4253:Framycetin
4212:Tixocortol
4171:Budesonide
4142:Lodoxamide
4132:Azelastine
4127:Nedocromil
4103:Antazoline
4059:Tymazoline
4019:Metizoline
3806:Hemothorax
3608:Aspiration
3570:Chlamydiae
3560:Mycoplasma
3548:Klebsiella
3406:Bagassosis
3392:Byssinosis
3367:Chalicosis
3342:Asbestosis
3337:Aluminosis
3271:Bronchitis
3142:Tracheitis
3118:epiglottis
3067:Laryngitis
2941:Rhinorrhea
2763:DiseasesDB
2469:2019-03-07
2238:(1): 1–7.
2216:2010-02-22
2202:Consultant
2182:2014-04-23
2036:(1): 1–6.
1610:2014-04-23
1259:2012-01-11
1005:References
985:, "nose".
860:Management
842:diphtheria
804:Prevention
757:potential
745:metaplasia
626:patch test
601:middle ear
597:turbinates
559:mast cells
512:(both are
510:budesonide
502:azelastine
421:congestion
409:rhinorrhea
331:See also:
327:Infectious
248:mast cells
177:runny nose
145:immunology
4685:tree nuts
4675:shellfish
4526:Urticaria
4403:Phase III
4391:Withdrawn
4371:+naproxen
4328:Ephedrine
4273:Mupirocin
4238:Cafaminol
3989:Ephedrine
3881:Influenza
3826:Malignant
3589:Parasitic
3538:Bacterial
3513:Pneumonia
3382:Silicosis
3377:Siderosis
3347:Baritosis
3181:Bronchial
2929:Hay fever
2898:Sinusitis
2798:eMedicine
2634:4 January
2612:4 January
2511:2045-7022
2058:205433452
1754:(4): 18.
1533:Rhinology
1356:1939-4551
1309:1539-6304
1047:4 January
1025:4 January
783:Diagnosis
748:in which
572:or other
563:histamine
529:capsaicin
524:effects.
387:sinusitis
347:bacterial
337:Sinusitis
315:, animal
264:bacterial
258:, either
256:pneumonia
252:histamine
208:allergens
200:allergens
136:Specialty
86:rhinitis
70:hay fever
4786:Medicine
4648:red meat
3896:COVID-19
3689:BOOP-COP
3656:Broncho-
3599:Chemical
3387:Talcosis
3308:fibrosis
3161:Lower RT
2914:Rhinitis
2861:Upper RT
2810:ped/2560
2671:71281077
2592:29181536
2548:Medscape
2529:36434742
2446:22477666
2411:21764573
2370:27227021
2321:16784007
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1317:20929601
1215:10795648
1180:16719251
1121:12866316
954:Rhinitis
752:replace
604:effusion
589:erythema
578:chlorine
555:antibody
535:Allergic
514:steroids
425:headache
319:, dust,
293:atrophic
289:hormonal
224:headache
220:coughing
210:such as
196:bacteria
181:sneezing
153:Rhinitis
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4660:peanuts
4643:poultry
4278:Retinol
4076:agents,
3972:, plain
3961:Topical
3208:chronic
3134:trachea
3010:pharynx
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2806:med/104
2803:ent/194
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192:viruses
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4772:Portal
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3694:NSIP
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3240:AERD
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2906:nose
2881:Head
2752:MeSH
2741:OMIM
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2636:2017
2614:2017
2588:PMID
2525:PMID
2507:ISSN
2442:PMID
2407:PMID
2366:PMID
2317:PMID
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2171:ISBN
2146:PMID
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2011:PMID
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1840:PMID
1802:2018
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