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RhoG

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and this relocalisation, together with an ELMO-dependent conformational change in Dock180, is sufficient to promote GTP-loading of Rac. RhoG-mediated Rac signalling has been shown to promote neurite outgrowth and cell migration in mammalian cells as well as phagocytosis of apoptotic cells in
1179:. RhoG belongs to the Rac subgroup and emerged as a consequence of retroposition in early vertebrates. RhoG shares a subset of common binding partners with Rac, Cdc42 and RhoU/V members but a major specificity is its inability to bind to CRIB domain proteins such as PAKs. 1265:
which also prevents their activation. The dynamic regulation of G protein signalling is necessarily complex and the 130 or more GEFs, GAPs and GDIs described thus far for the Rho family are considered to be the primary determinants of their spatiotemporal activity.
1367:). The extent to which RhoG regulates these pathways is poorly understood thus far, however, one specific pathway downstream of RhoG has received much attention and is therefore well characterised. This pathway involves RhoG-dependent activation of 2638:
Lu M, Kinchen JM, Rossman KL, Grimsley C, deBakker C, Brugnera E, Tosello-Trampont AC, Haney LB, Klingele D, Sondek J, Hengartner MO, Ravichandran KS (August 2004). "PH domain of ELMO functions in trans to regulate Rac activation via Dock180".
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There are a number of GEFs reported to interact with RhoG, although in some cases the physiological significance of these interactions has yet to be proven. Well characterised examples include the dual specificity GEF
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Brugnera E, Haney L, Grimsley C, Lu M, Walk SF, Tosello-Trampont AC, Macara IG, Madhani H, Fink GR, Ravichandran KS (August 2002). "Unconventional Rac-GEF activity is mediated through the Dock180-ELMO complex".
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Gumienny TL, Brugnera E, Tosello-Trampont AC, Kinchen JM, Haney LB, Nishiwaki K, Walk SF, Nemergut ME, Macara IG, Francis R, Schedl T, Qin Y, Van Aelst L, Hengartner MO, Ravichandran KS (October 2001).
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Blangy A, Vignal E, Schmidt S, Debant A, Gauthier-Rouvière C, Fort P (February 2000). "TrioGEF1 controls Rac- and Cdc42-dependent cell structures through the direct activation of rhoG".
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Taviaux SA, Vincent S, Fort P, Demaille JG (June 1993). "Localization of ARHG, a member of the RAS homolog gene family, to 11p15.5-11p15.4 by fluorescence in situ hybridization".
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deBakker CD, Haney LB, Kinchen JM, Grimsley C, Lu M, Klingele D, Hsu PK, Chou BK, Cheng LC, Blangy A, Sondek J, Hengartner MO, Wu YC, Ravichandran KS (December 2004).
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Activated G proteins are able to couple to multiple downstream effectors and can therefore control a number of distinct signalling pathways (a characteristic known as
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Jankowski A, Zhu P, Marshall JG (September 2008). "Capture of an activated receptor complex from the surface of live cells by affinity receptor chromatography".
2506:"RhoGDI-3 is a new GDP dissociation inhibitor (GDI). Identification of a non-cytosolic GDI protein interacting with the small GTP-binding proteins RhoB and RhoG" 1387:
inesis)-family of GEFs. This family is divided into four subfamilies (A-D) and it is subfamilies A and B that are involved in the pathway described here.
1258: 823: 79: 804: 4260: 1391:, the archetypal member of this family, is seen as an atypical GEF in that efficient GEF activity requires the presence of the DOCK-binding protein 3560: 3790: 3303:"Critical but distinct roles for the pleckstrin homology and cysteine-rich domains as positive modulators of Vav2 signaling and transformation" 4447: 3527: 2951: 1534: 3759: 1245:(GEFs) and these facilitate the exchange of GDP for GTP so as to promote subsequent RhoG-mediated signalling. The second class are known as 1516: 1849:"RhoG regulates endothelial apical cup assembly downstream from ICAM1 engagement and is involved in leukocyte trans-endothelial migration" 2782:
Neudauer CL, Joberty G, Macara IG (January 2001). "PIST: a novel PDZ/coiled-coil domain binding partner for the rho-family GTPase TC10".
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Kunisaki Y, Nishikimi A, Tanaka Y, Takii R, Noda M, Inayoshi A, Watanabe K, Sanematsu F, Sasazuki T, Sasaki T, Fukui Y (August 2006).
3410: 2041:"Rac1 and RhoG promote cell survival by the activation of PI3K and Akt, independently of their ability to stimulate JNK and NF-kappaB" 1030: 1023: 1705:
Condliffe AM, Webb LM, Ferguson GJ, Davidson K, Turner M, Vigorito E, Manifava M, Chilvers ER, Stephens LR, Hawkins PT (May 2006).
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Yamaki N, Negishi M, Katoh H (August 2007). "RhoG regulates anoikis through a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent mechanism".
1410:. The proposed model for RhoG-dependent Rac activation involves recruitment of the ELMO/Dock180 complex to activated RhoG at the 1261:(GDIs), inhibit dissociation of GDP and thus lock the G protein in its inactive state. GDIs can also sequester G proteins in the 2302:"Phagocytosis of apoptotic cells is regulated by a UNC-73/TRIO-MIG-2/RhoG signaling module and armadillo repeats of CED-12/ELMO" 1587: 4350: 1503: 1482: 4345: 142: 117: 1499: 1347:
There have been very few interactions reported between RhoG and negative regulators of G protein function. Examples include
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Hiramoto K, Negishi M, Katoh H (December 2006). "Dock4 is regulated by RhoG and promotes Rac-dependent cell migration".
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Patel JC, Galán JE (2008). "Investigating the function of Rho family GTPases during Salmonella/host cell interactions".
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Lu M, Kinchen JM, Rossman KL, Grimsley C, Hall M, Sondek J, Hengartner MO, Yajnik V, Ravichandran KS (February 2005).
1451: 256: 155: 3346:"The C-terminal basic tail of RhoG assists the guanine nucleotide exchange factor trio in binding to phospholipids" 2682:
Katoh H, Negishi M (July 2003). "RhoG activates Rac1 by direct interaction with the Dock180-binding protein Elmo".
3182:"Endogenous RhoG is dispensable for integrin-mediated cell spreading but contributes to Rac-independent migration" 4396: 3937: 3835: 3660: 3656: 3633: 3606: 3593: 3580: 2242:"The Human Rho-GEF trio and its target GTPase RhoG are involved in the NGF pathway, leading to neurite outgrowth" 1246: 249: 148: 1163:. Expression of RhoG in mammals is widespread and studies of its function have been carried out in fibroblasts, 3951: 3646: 3611: 3584: 3411:"CED-12/ELMO, a novel member of the CrkII/Dock180/Rac pathway, is required for phagocytosis and cell migration" 868: 67: 4321: 4284: 3623: 1552:
Ridley AJ (October 2006). "Rho GTPases and actin dynamics in membrane protrusions and vesicle trafficking".
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Le Gallic L, Fort P (May 1997). "Structure of the human ARHG locus encoding the Rho/Rac-like RhoG GTPase".
4051: 3691: 1296: 1234: 1106: 4181: 4089: 2408:"Phosphorylation-dependent and constitutive activation of Rho proteins by wild-type and oncogenic Vav-2" 2201:"The two guanine nucleotide exchange factor domains of Trio link the Rac1 and the RhoA pathways in vivo" 1238: 131: 2357:
Ellerbroek SM, Wennerberg K, Arthur WT, Dunty JM, Bowman DR, DeMali KA, Der C, Burridge K (July 2004).
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Zalcman G, Closson V, Camonis J, Honoré N, Rousseau-Merck MF, Tavitian A, Olofsson B (November 1996).
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van Buul JD, Allingham MJ, Samson T, Meller J, Boulter E, García-Mata R, Burridge K (September 2007).
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Vigorito E, Bell S, Hebeis BJ, Reynolds H, McAdam S, Emson PC, McKenzie A, Turner M (January 2004).
4386: 1325: 1279: 1241:). Three classes of protein interact with RhoG to regulate GTP/GDP loading. The first are known as 1188: 46: 4401: 3967: 3545: 3441: 3260: 3096: 2715: 2664: 2620: 2339: 2279: 1203: 1121: 91: 3059:"A Steric-inhibition model for regulation of nucleotide exchange via the Dock180 family of GEFs" 1274:
which is able to promote nucleotide exchange on RhoG and Rac (via its GEFD1 domain) and also on
1006: 985: 959: 938: 2457:"Biological and regulatory properties of Vav-3, a new member of the Vav family of oncoproteins" 1233:
As with all small G proteins RhoG is able to signal to downstream effectors when bound to GTP (
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activity of the G protein) thus terminating RhoG-mediated signalling. A third group, known as
1172: 39: 4031: 3977: 3959: 3825: 3815: 3769: 3515: 3488: 3480: 3469:"DOCK2 is a Rac activator that regulates motility and polarity during neutrophil chemotaxis" 3425: 3388: 3357: 3322: 3314: 3281: 3244: 3201: 3193: 3158: 3150: 3117: 3078: 3035: 3000: 2992: 2957: 2939: 2912: 2879: 2838: 2830: 2791: 2754: 2746: 2699: 2648: 2604: 2566: 2558: 2517: 2476: 2468: 2427: 2419: 2378: 2370: 2321: 2261: 2212: 2173: 2138: 2101: 2093: 2052: 2011: 1963: 1955: 1914: 1868: 1860: 1816: 1808: 1762: 1718: 1674: 1666: 1622: 1614: 1561: 1431: 1321: 336: 267: 211: 166: 3844: 3449: 4378: 4267: 4081: 3781: 3601: 1411: 1152: 494: 311: 87: 3240: 3074: 2695: 2317: 2257: 1278:
via a separate GEF domain (GEFD2). Activation of RhoG by TRIO has been shown to promote
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Estrach S, Schmidt S, Diriong S, Penna A, Blangy A, Fort P, Debant A (February 2002).
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Vigorito E, Billadeu DD, Savoy D, McAdam S, Doody G, Fort P, Turner M (January 2003).
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Wennerberg K, Ellerbroek SM, Liu RY, Karnoub AE, Burridge K, Der CJ (December 2002).
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Gauthier-Rouvière C, Vignal E, Mériane M, Roux P, Montcourier P, Fort P (June 1998).
1328:) in fibroblasts and apical cup assembly in endothelial cells (an important stage in 1222: 1192: 1118: 523: 3445: 3318: 3100: 2624: 2283: 71: 4230: 4203: 4132: 4125: 4108: 4103: 4077: 2719: 2343: 1795:
Katoh H, Yasui H, Yamaguchi Y, Aoki J, Fujita H, Mori K, Negishi M (October 2000).
1368: 1287: 1199: 329: 108: 3264: 3154: 2668: 2359:"SGEF, a RhoG guanine nucleotide exchange factor that stimulates macropinocytosis" 2199:
Bellanger JM, Lazaro JB, Diriong S, Fernandez A, Lamb N, Debant A (January 1998).
1603:"Growth-regulated expression of rhoG, a new member of the ras homolog gene family" 95: 4326: 3392: 2142: 1723: 1706: 1539:
National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine
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National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine
1423: 1271: 1207: 1160: 1156: 1125: 2547:"GEF what? Dock180 and related proteins help Rac to polarize cells in new ways" 2423: 412: 4311: 4000: 3083: 3058: 2562: 2326: 2301: 1655:"RhoG GTPase controls a pathway that independently activates Rac1 and Cdc42Hs" 1565: 1435: 1407: 1364: 1283: 1250: 1219: 1176: 1164: 1133: 1129: 228: 125: 75: 3121: 2522: 2505: 4017: 3576: 3510:
Lu M, Ravichandran KS (2006). "Dock180–ELMO Cooperation in Rac Activation".
2819:"Kinectin is a key effector of RhoG microtubule-dependent cellular activity" 2735:"Kinectin is a key effector of RhoG microtubule-dependent cellular activity" 2374: 1959: 1291: 1114: 768: 472: 350: 295: 282: 194: 181: 83: 3537: 3502: 3437: 3400: 3371: 3362: 3345: 3336: 3285: 3215: 3172: 3129: 3092: 3049: 3014: 2971: 2926: 2917: 2900: 2883: 2852: 2817:
Vignal E, Blangy A, Martin M, Gauthier-Rouvière C, Fort P (December 2001).
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Vignal E, Blangy A, Martin M, Gauthier-Rouvière C, Fort P (December 2001).
2711: 2660: 2616: 2580: 2490: 2472: 2392: 2335: 2275: 2217: 2200: 2185: 2150: 2115: 2097: 2066: 2057: 2040: 2025: 2016: 1999: 1977: 1928: 1882: 1830: 1776: 1767: 1750: 1732: 1573: 3484: 3293: 3256: 2996: 2891: 2531: 2441: 2226: 2177: 1864: 1797:"Small GTPase RhoG is a key regulator for neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells" 1751:"RhoG regulates gene expression and the actin cytoskeleton in lymphocytes" 1688: 1636: 1618: 1320:
actor), is thought to be RhoG-specific and has been reported to stimulate
1070: 1065: 2901:"Structural basis for the signaling specificity of RhoG and Rac1 GTPases" 1670: 1168: 1054: 913: 894: 2703: 4422: 4391: 4169: 4164: 3923: 3913: 3888: 3883: 3618: 3197: 2082:"Involvement of the Rho/Rac family member RhoG in caveolar endocytosis" 1388: 1352: 1262: 1215: 1211: 1110: 880: 835: 3225:"Oncogene ect2 is related to regulators of small GTP-binding proteins" 3040: 3023: 1919: 1902: 4299: 3941: 3918: 3908: 3878: 3873: 3868: 3863: 3820: 3810: 3805: 3800: 3795: 3764: 3752: 3747: 3742: 3737: 3725: 3720: 3715: 3664: 3248: 1422:
Other proteins known to bind RhoG in its GTP-bound state include the
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Like most small G proteins RhoG is involved in a diverse set of
1137: 63: 3549: 1944:"Evolution of the Rho family of ras-like GTPases in eukaryotes" 4410: 4406: 1102: 704:
positive regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane
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Schuebel KE, Movilla N, Rosa JL, Bustelo XR (November 1998).
1588:"Entrez Gene: RHOG ras homolog gene family, member G (rho G)" 3223:
Miki T, Smith CL, Long JE, Eva A, Fleming TP (April 1993).
3514:. Methods in Enzymology. Vol. 406. pp. 388–402. 1332:). Other GEFs reported to interact with RhoG include Dbs, 3344:
Skowronek KR, Guo F, Zheng Y, Nassar N (September 2004).
2938:. Methods in Enzymology. Vol. 439. pp. 145–58. 2039:
Murga C, Zohar M, Teramoto H, Gutkind JS (January 2002).
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Prieto-Sánchez RM, Berenjeno IM, Bustelo XR (May 2006).
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regulation of small GTPase mediated signal transduction
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phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase activity
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Regulators and Effectors of Small GTPases: Rho Family
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Boureux A, Vignal E, Faure S, Fort P (January 2007).
1903:"Activation of Rac1 by RhoG regulates cell migration" 484: 664:
positive regulation of cell population proliferation
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Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications
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phosphatidylinositol phosphate biosynthetic process
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positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
1993: 1991: 1989: 1987: 1495: 1493: 1491: 1474: 1472: 1470: 739:positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling 266: 165: 2899:Prieto-Sánchez RM, Bustelo XR (September 2003). 2295: 2293: 1842: 1840: 1744: 1742: 1700: 1698: 1901:Katoh H, Hiramoto K, Negishi M (January 2006). 16:Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens 2000:"RhoG signals in parallel with Rac1 and Cdc42" 1500:GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000073982 3561: 3301:Booden MA, Campbell SL, Der CJ (April 2002). 3180:Meller J, Vidali L, Schwartz MA (June 2008). 1896: 1894: 1892: 1790: 1788: 1786: 1707:"RhoG regulates the neutrophil NADPH oxidase" 1191:mechanisms. In mammalian cells these include 729:regulation of actin cytoskeleton organization 719:establishment or maintenance of cell polarity 8: 3022:Meller N, Merlot S, Guda C (November 2005). 709:G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway 1601:Vincent S, Jeanteur P, Fort P (July 1992). 1479:GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000177105 3946: 3676: 3669: 3568: 3554: 3546: 1259:Guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitors 1237:) and unable to signal when bound to GDP ( 764: 519: 307: 206: 103: 3492: 3361: 3326: 3205: 3162: 3082: 3039: 3004: 2961: 2916: 2842: 2758: 2641:Nature Structural & Molecular Biology 2570: 2521: 2480: 2431: 2382: 2325: 2265: 2216: 2105: 2056: 2015: 1967: 1918: 1872: 1820: 1766: 1722: 1678: 1626: 1117:), and is an important component of many 694:small GTPase mediated signal transduction 50:, ARHG, RhoG, ras homolog family member G 3024:"CZH proteins: a new family of Rho-GEFs" 2455:Movilla N, Bustelo XR (November 1999). 1466: 20: 1330:leukocyte trans-endothelial migration 271: 232: 227: 170: 129: 124: 7: 2979:Patel JC, Galán JE (November 2006). 3350:The Journal of Biological Chemistry 2905:The Journal of Biological Chemistry 2510:The Journal of Biological Chemistry 2004:The Journal of Biological Chemistry 1243:Guanine nucleotide exchange factors 996: 975: 949: 928: 904: 885: 859: 840: 814: 795: 613:intracellular anatomical structure 489: 407: 345: 324: 14: 1253:of GTP to GDP (via the intrinsic 2936:Small GTPases in Disease, Part B 2835:10.1128/MCB.21.23.8022-8034.2001 2751:10.1128/MCB.21.23.8022-8034.2001 2545:Côté JF, Vuori K (August 2007). 1813:10.1128/MCB.20.19.7378-7387.2000 1406:tility) which binds RhoG at its 1308:rc homology 3 domain-containing 493: 255: 248: 242: 219: 154: 147: 141: 116: 3319:10.1128/MCB.22.8.2487-2497.2002 1948:Molecular Biology and Evolution 1151:RhoG was first identified as a 689:actin cytoskeleton organization 679:Rac protein signal transduction 659:Rho protein signal transduction 3307:Molecular and Cellular Biology 3143:Molecular and Cellular Biology 2823:Molecular and Cellular Biology 2739:Molecular and Cellular Biology 2461:Molecular and Cellular Biology 1801:Molecular and Cellular Biology 1607:Molecular and Cellular Biology 1282:-induced neurite outgrowth in 583:endoplasmic reticulum membrane 504:More reference expression data 473:More reference expression data 1: 3520:10.1016/S0076-6879(06)06028-9 3430:10.1016/S0092-8674(01)00520-7 3155:10.1128/MCB.24.2.719-729.2004 2944:10.1016/S0076-6879(07)00411-9 2363:Molecular Biology of the Cell 2267:10.1016/S0960-9822(02)00658-9 1659:Molecular Biology of the Cell 1359:Signalling downstream of RhoG 669:regulation of ruffle assembly 644:activation of GTPase activity 240: 139: 4448:Genes on human chromosome 11 1155:upregulated in hamster lung 4338:Protein-synthesizing GTPase 3473:The Journal of Cell Biology 3393:10.1016/j.yexcr.2006.09.006 2985:The Journal of Cell Biology 2143:10.1016/j.yexcr.2007.05.010 1853:The Journal of Cell Biology 1724:10.4049/jimmunol.176.9.5314 1229:Regulation of RhoG activity 1214:outgrowth, protection from 1195:(through regulation of the 714:actin filament organization 4464: 3381:Experimental Cell Research 2131:Experimental Cell Research 1247:GTPase activating proteins 608:secretory granule membrane 4397:Guanylate-binding protein 3581:acid anhydride hydrolases 3084:10.1016/j.cub.2005.01.050 2563:10.1016/j.tcb.2007.05.001 2327:10.1016/j.cub.2004.12.029 1566:10.1016/j.tcb.2006.08.006 1535:"Mouse PubMed Reference:" 1517:"Human PubMed Reference:" 1249:(GAPs) and these promote 1069: 1064: 1060: 1053: 1037: 1031:Chr 7: 101.89 – 101.91 Mb 1018: 1003: 982: 971: 956: 935: 924: 911: 907: 892: 888: 879: 866: 862: 847: 843: 834: 821: 817: 802: 798: 789: 774: 767: 763: 747: 522: 518: 501: 492: 483: 470: 419: 410: 357: 348: 318: 310: 306: 289: 276: 239: 218: 209: 205: 188: 175: 138: 115: 106: 102: 57: 54: 44: 37: 32: 28: 23: 3952:Heterotrimeric G protein 3647:Phosphoadenylylsulfatase 3122:10.1016/j.ab.2008.05.047 2523:10.1074/jbc.271.48.30366 2424:10.1093/emboj/17.22.6608 1300:. Another GEF, known as 1124:. It is a member of the 724:regulation of cell shape 699:neutrophil degranulation 3624:Thiamine-triphosphatase 3186:Journal of Cell Science 3110:Analytical Biochemistry 3028:Journal of Cell Science 2375:10.1091/mbc.E04-02-0146 2166:Journal of Cell Science 1907:Journal of Cell Science 1450:RhoG has been shown to 3363:10.1074/jbc.M312677200 3286:10.1006/geno.1997.4703 2918:10.1074/jbc.M301437200 2884:10.1006/geno.1993.1271 2796:10.1006/bbrc.2000.4160 2551:Trends in Cell Biology 2473:10.1128/mcb.19.11.7870 2218:10.1038/sj.onc.1201532 2098:10.1038/sj.onc.1209333 2058:10.1038/sj.onc.1205036 2017:10.1074/jbc.M203816200 1768:10.1038/sj.onc.1206116 1554:Trends in Cell Biology 1235:Guanosine triphosphate 1218:and regulation of the 1159:upon stimulation with 1136:and is encoded by the 1024:Chr 11: 3.83 – 3.84 Mb 557:protein kinase binding 4379:Polymerization motors 4090:Rho family of GTPases 3485:10.1083/jcb.200602142 2997:10.1083/jcb.200605144 2178:10.1242/jcs.113.4.729 1960:10.1093/molbev/msl145 1865:10.1083/jcb.200612053 1711:Journal of Immunology 1619:10.1128/mcb.12.7.3138 1239:Guanosine diphosphate 603:extracellular exosome 439:stroma of bone marrow 132:Chromosome 11 (human) 1671:10.1091/mbc.9.6.1379 1426:-associated protein 1324:(internalisation of 234:Chromosome 7 (mouse) 4387:dynamin superfamily 3241:1993Natur.362..462M 3075:2005CBio...15..371L 2704:10.1038/nature01817 2696:2003Natur.424..461K 2597:Nature Cell Biology 2318:2004CBio...14.2208D 2258:2002CBio...12..307E 1326:extracellular fluid 1189:cellular signalling 1122:signalling pathways 1097:rowth-related) (or 649:platelet activation 3198:10.1242/jcs.025130 3034:(Pt 21): 4937–46. 1312:uanine nucleotide 1204:gene transcription 1101:) is a small (~21 869:ENSMUSG00000073982 637:Biological process 571:Cellular component 537:nucleotide binding 530:Molecular function 427:tibiofemoral joint 4435: 4434: 4431: 4430: 3932: 3931: 3897: 3896: 3642:Adenylylsulfatase 3529:978-0-12-182811-0 3356:(36): 37895–907. 3235:(6419): 462–465. 3192:(Pt 12): 1981–9. 3041:10.1242/jcs.02671 2953:978-0-12-374311-4 1920:10.1242/jcs.02720 1399:ngulfment and cel 1173:endothelial cells 1080: 1079: 1076: 1075: 1049: 1048: 1014: 1013: 993: 992: 967: 966: 946: 945: 920: 919: 901: 900: 875: 874: 856: 855: 830: 829: 811: 810: 759: 758: 514: 513: 510: 509: 479: 478: 466: 465: 404: 403: 393:bone marrow cells 302: 301: 201: 200: 4455: 3947: 3677: 3670: 3570: 3563: 3556: 3547: 3541: 3506: 3496: 3463: 3461: 3460: 3454: 3448:. Archived from 3415: 3404: 3375: 3365: 3340: 3330: 3297: 3268: 3249:10.1038/362462a0 3219: 3209: 3176: 3166: 3133: 3104: 3086: 3053: 3043: 3018: 3008: 2975: 2965: 2930: 2920: 2911:(39): 37916–25. 2895: 2857: 2856: 2846: 2814: 2808: 2807: 2779: 2773: 2772: 2762: 2730: 2724: 2723: 2679: 2673: 2672: 2635: 2629: 2628: 2591: 2585: 2584: 2574: 2542: 2536: 2535: 2525: 2516:(48): 30366–74. 2501: 2495: 2494: 2484: 2452: 2446: 2445: 2435: 2412:The EMBO Journal 2403: 2397: 2396: 2386: 2354: 2348: 2347: 2329: 2297: 2288: 2287: 2269: 2237: 2231: 2230: 2220: 2196: 2190: 2189: 2172:(Pt 4): 729–39. 2161: 2155: 2154: 2126: 2120: 2119: 2109: 2077: 2071: 2070: 2060: 2036: 2030: 2029: 2019: 1995: 1982: 1981: 1971: 1939: 1933: 1932: 1922: 1898: 1887: 1886: 1876: 1844: 1835: 1834: 1824: 1792: 1781: 1780: 1770: 1746: 1737: 1736: 1726: 1702: 1693: 1692: 1682: 1650: 1641: 1640: 1630: 1598: 1592: 1591: 1584: 1578: 1577: 1549: 1543: 1542: 1531: 1525: 1524: 1513: 1507: 1497: 1486: 1476: 1432:Phospholipase D1 1322:macropinocytosis 1062: 1061: 1033: 1026: 1009: 997: 988: 976: 972:RefSeq (protein) 962: 950: 941: 929: 905: 886: 860: 841: 815: 796: 765: 520: 506: 497: 490: 475: 415: 413:Top expressed in 408: 353: 351:Top expressed in 346: 325: 308: 298: 285: 274: 259: 252: 246: 235: 223: 207: 197: 184: 173: 158: 151: 145: 134: 120: 104: 98: 96:RHOG - orthologs 49: 42: 21: 4463: 4462: 4458: 4457: 4456: 4454: 4453: 4452: 4438: 4437: 4436: 4427: 4372: 4331: 4082:Ras superfamily 4071: 4055: 4035: 3981: 3971: 3963: 3928: 3893: 3849: 3830: 3776: 3733:Plasma membrane 3696: 3651: 3628: 3602:Pyrophosphatase 3588: 3574: 3544: 3530: 3509: 3466: 3458: 3456: 3452: 3413: 3407: 3387:(20): 4205–16. 3378: 3343: 3300: 3271: 3222: 3179: 3136: 3107: 3063:Current Biology 3056: 3021: 2978: 2954: 2933: 2898: 2869: 2865: 2863:Further reading 2860: 2829:(23): 8022–34. 2816: 2815: 2811: 2781: 2780: 2776: 2745:(23): 8022–34. 2732: 2731: 2727: 2690:(6947): 461–4. 2681: 2680: 2676: 2653:10.1038/nsmb800 2637: 2636: 2632: 2593: 2592: 2588: 2544: 2543: 2539: 2503: 2502: 2498: 2467:(11): 7870–85. 2454: 2453: 2449: 2418:(22): 6608–21. 2405: 2404: 2400: 2356: 2355: 2351: 2312:(24): 2208–16. 2306:Current Biology 2299: 2298: 2291: 2246:Current Biology 2239: 2238: 2234: 2198: 2197: 2193: 2163: 2162: 2158: 2137:(13): 2821–32. 2128: 2127: 2123: 2092:(21): 2961–73. 2079: 2078: 2074: 2038: 2037: 2033: 2010:(49): 47810–7. 1997: 1996: 1985: 1941: 1940: 1936: 1913:(Pt 1): 56–65. 1900: 1899: 1890: 1846: 1845: 1838: 1807:(19): 7378–87. 1794: 1793: 1784: 1748: 1747: 1740: 1704: 1703: 1696: 1652: 1651: 1644: 1600: 1599: 1595: 1586: 1585: 1581: 1551: 1550: 1546: 1533: 1532: 1528: 1515: 1514: 1510: 1498: 1489: 1477: 1468: 1464: 1448: 1412:plasma membrane 1361: 1231: 1185: 1153:coding sequence 1149: 1071:View/Edit Mouse 1066:View/Edit Human 1029: 1022: 1019:Location (UCSC) 1005: 984: 958: 937: 850:ENSG00000177105 743: 674:cell chemotaxis 632: 628:cell projection 598:plasma membrane 566: 552:GTPase activity 547:protein binding 502: 471: 462: 457: 453: 449: 445: 441: 437: 433: 429: 425: 411: 400: 395: 391: 387: 383: 379: 375: 371: 367: 363: 349: 293: 280: 272: 262: 261: 260: 253: 233: 210:Gene location ( 192: 179: 171: 161: 160: 159: 152: 130: 107:Gene location ( 58: 45: 38: 17: 12: 11: 5: 4461: 4459: 4451: 4450: 4440: 4439: 4433: 4432: 4429: 4428: 4426: 4425: 4420: 4419: 4418: 4413: 4404: 4399: 4394: 4383: 4381: 4374: 4373: 4371: 4370: 4365: 4364: 4363: 4358: 4353: 4342: 4340: 4333: 4332: 4330: 4329: 4324: 4319: 4314: 4309: 4308: 4307: 4302: 4297: 4292: 4282: 4281: 4280: 4275: 4265: 4264: 4263: 4258: 4253: 4241: 4240: 4239: 4238: 4233: 4223: 4222: 4221: 4216: 4211: 4201: 4200: 4199: 4194: 4189: 4179: 4174: 4173: 4172: 4167: 4157: 4156: 4155: 4150: 4145: 4140: 4130: 4129: 4128: 4123: 4113: 4112: 4111: 4106: 4101: 4086: 4084: 4073: 4072: 4070: 4069: 4068: 4067: 4062: 4053: 4049: 4048: 4047: 4042: 4033: 4029: 4028: 4027: 4026: 4025: 4015: 4014: 4013: 4008: 3998: 3993: 3988: 3979: 3975: 3974: 3973: 3969: 3961: 3956: 3954: 3944: 3934: 3933: 3930: 3929: 3927: 3926: 3921: 3916: 3911: 3905: 3903: 3899: 3898: 3895: 3894: 3892: 3891: 3886: 3881: 3876: 3871: 3866: 3860: 3858: 3851: 3850: 3848: 3847: 3841: 3839: 3832: 3831: 3829: 3828: 3823: 3818: 3813: 3808: 3803: 3798: 3793: 3787: 3785: 3778: 3777: 3775: 3774: 3773: 3772: 3767: 3757: 3756: 3755: 3750: 3745: 3740: 3730: 3729: 3728: 3723: 3718: 3707: 3705: 3698: 3697: 3695: 3694: 3689: 3683: 3681: 3680:Cu++ (3.6.3.4) 3674: 3667: 3653: 3652: 3650: 3649: 3644: 3638: 3636: 3630: 3629: 3627: 3626: 3621: 3616: 3615: 3614: 3609: 3598: 3596: 3590: 3589: 3575: 3573: 3572: 3565: 3558: 3550: 3543: 3542: 3528: 3507: 3464: 3405: 3376: 3341: 3313:(8): 2487–97. 3298: 3269: 3220: 3177: 3134: 3105: 3054: 3019: 2976: 2952: 2931: 2896: 2866: 2864: 2861: 2859: 2858: 2809: 2774: 2725: 2674: 2630: 2609:10.1038/ncb824 2586: 2537: 2496: 2447: 2398: 2369:(7): 3309–19. 2349: 2289: 2232: 2191: 2156: 2121: 2072: 2031: 1983: 1934: 1888: 1859:(7): 1279–93. 1836: 1782: 1738: 1717:(9): 5314–20. 1694: 1665:(6): 1379–94. 1642: 1613:(7): 3138–48. 1593: 1579: 1544: 1526: 1508: 1487: 1465: 1463: 1460: 1447: 1444: 1371:via the DOCK ( 1360: 1357: 1230: 1227: 1184: 1181: 1148: 1145: 1078: 1077: 1074: 1073: 1068: 1058: 1057: 1051: 1050: 1047: 1046: 1044: 1042: 1035: 1034: 1027: 1020: 1016: 1015: 1012: 1011: 1001: 1000: 994: 991: 990: 980: 979: 973: 969: 968: 965: 964: 954: 953: 947: 944: 943: 933: 932: 926: 922: 921: 918: 917: 909: 908: 902: 899: 898: 890: 889: 883: 877: 876: 873: 872: 864: 863: 857: 854: 853: 845: 844: 838: 832: 831: 828: 827: 819: 818: 812: 809: 808: 800: 799: 793: 787: 786: 781: 776: 772: 771: 761: 760: 757: 756: 745: 744: 742: 741: 736: 731: 726: 721: 716: 711: 706: 701: 696: 691: 686: 681: 676: 671: 666: 661: 656: 651: 646: 640: 638: 634: 633: 631: 630: 625: 620: 615: 610: 605: 600: 595: 593:focal adhesion 590: 585: 580: 574: 572: 568: 567: 565: 564: 559: 554: 549: 544: 539: 533: 531: 527: 526: 516: 515: 512: 511: 508: 507: 499: 498: 487: 481: 480: 477: 476: 468: 467: 464: 463: 461: 460: 459:pyloric antrum 456: 452: 448: 444: 440: 436: 432: 428: 424: 420: 417: 416: 405: 402: 401: 399: 398: 394: 390: 389:olfactory bulb 386: 382: 378: 374: 370: 366: 362: 358: 355: 354: 342: 341: 333: 322: 316: 315: 312:RNA expression 304: 303: 300: 299: 291: 287: 286: 278: 275: 270: 264: 263: 254: 247: 241: 237: 236: 231: 225: 224: 216: 215: 203: 202: 199: 198: 190: 186: 185: 177: 174: 169: 163: 162: 153: 146: 140: 136: 135: 128: 122: 121: 113: 112: 100: 99: 56: 52: 51: 43: 35: 34: 30: 29: 26: 25: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4460: 4449: 4446: 4445: 4443: 4424: 4421: 4417: 4414: 4412: 4408: 4405: 4403: 4400: 4398: 4395: 4393: 4390: 4389: 4388: 4385: 4384: 4382: 4380: 4375: 4369: 4366: 4362: 4359: 4357: 4354: 4352: 4349: 4348: 4347: 4344: 4343: 4341: 4339: 4334: 4328: 4325: 4323: 4320: 4318: 4315: 4313: 4310: 4306: 4303: 4301: 4298: 4296: 4293: 4291: 4288: 4287: 4286: 4283: 4279: 4276: 4274: 4271: 4270: 4269: 4266: 4262: 4259: 4257: 4254: 4252: 4249: 4248: 4247: 4243: 4242: 4237: 4234: 4232: 4229: 4228: 4227: 4224: 4220: 4217: 4215: 4212: 4210: 4207: 4206: 4205: 4202: 4198: 4195: 4193: 4190: 4188: 4185: 4184: 4183: 4180: 4178: 4175: 4171: 4168: 4166: 4163: 4162: 4161: 4158: 4154: 4151: 4149: 4146: 4144: 4141: 4139: 4136: 4135: 4134: 4131: 4127: 4124: 4122: 4119: 4118: 4117: 4114: 4110: 4107: 4105: 4102: 4100: 4097: 4096: 4095: 4091: 4088: 4087: 4085: 4083: 4079: 4074: 4066: 4063: 4061: 4058: 4057: 4056: 4050: 4046: 4043: 4041: 4038: 4037: 4036: 4030: 4024: 4021: 4020: 4019: 4016: 4012: 4009: 4007: 4004: 4003: 4002: 3999: 3997: 3994: 3992: 3989: 3987: 3984: 3983: 3982: 3976: 3972: 3966: 3965: 3964: 3958: 3957: 3955: 3953: 3948: 3945: 3943: 3939: 3935: 3925: 3922: 3920: 3917: 3915: 3912: 3910: 3907: 3906: 3904: 3900: 3890: 3887: 3885: 3882: 3880: 3877: 3875: 3872: 3870: 3867: 3865: 3862: 3861: 3859: 3857: 3856:P-type ATPase 3852: 3846: 3843: 3842: 3840: 3837: 3833: 3827: 3824: 3822: 3819: 3817: 3814: 3812: 3809: 3807: 3804: 3802: 3799: 3797: 3794: 3792: 3789: 3788: 3786: 3783: 3779: 3771: 3768: 3766: 3763: 3762: 3761: 3758: 3754: 3751: 3749: 3746: 3744: 3741: 3739: 3736: 3735: 3734: 3731: 3727: 3724: 3722: 3719: 3717: 3714: 3713: 3712: 3709: 3708: 3706: 3703: 3699: 3693: 3690: 3688: 3685: 3684: 3682: 3678: 3675: 3671: 3668: 3666: 3662: 3658: 3654: 3648: 3645: 3643: 3640: 3639: 3637: 3635: 3631: 3625: 3622: 3620: 3617: 3613: 3610: 3608: 3605: 3604: 3603: 3600: 3599: 3597: 3595: 3591: 3586: 3582: 3578: 3571: 3566: 3564: 3559: 3557: 3552: 3551: 3548: 3539: 3535: 3531: 3525: 3521: 3517: 3513: 3508: 3504: 3500: 3495: 3490: 3486: 3482: 3479:(5): 647–52. 3478: 3474: 3470: 3465: 3455:on 2018-07-19 3451: 3447: 3443: 3439: 3435: 3431: 3427: 3423: 3419: 3412: 3406: 3402: 3398: 3394: 3390: 3386: 3382: 3377: 3373: 3369: 3364: 3359: 3355: 3351: 3347: 3342: 3338: 3334: 3329: 3324: 3320: 3316: 3312: 3308: 3304: 3299: 3295: 3291: 3287: 3283: 3280:(1): 157–60. 3279: 3275: 3270: 3266: 3262: 3258: 3254: 3250: 3246: 3242: 3238: 3234: 3230: 3226: 3221: 3217: 3213: 3208: 3203: 3199: 3195: 3191: 3187: 3183: 3178: 3174: 3170: 3165: 3160: 3156: 3152: 3149:(2): 719–29. 3148: 3144: 3140: 3135: 3131: 3127: 3123: 3119: 3116:(2): 235–48. 3115: 3111: 3106: 3102: 3098: 3094: 3090: 3085: 3080: 3076: 3072: 3068: 3064: 3060: 3055: 3051: 3047: 3042: 3037: 3033: 3029: 3025: 3020: 3016: 3012: 3007: 3002: 2998: 2994: 2991:(3): 453–63. 2990: 2986: 2982: 2977: 2973: 2969: 2964: 2959: 2955: 2949: 2945: 2941: 2937: 2932: 2928: 2924: 2919: 2914: 2910: 2906: 2902: 2897: 2893: 2889: 2885: 2881: 2878:(3): 788–90. 2877: 2873: 2868: 2867: 2862: 2854: 2850: 2845: 2840: 2836: 2832: 2828: 2824: 2820: 2813: 2810: 2805: 2801: 2797: 2793: 2789: 2785: 2778: 2775: 2770: 2766: 2761: 2756: 2752: 2748: 2744: 2740: 2736: 2729: 2726: 2721: 2717: 2713: 2709: 2705: 2701: 2697: 2693: 2689: 2685: 2678: 2675: 2670: 2666: 2662: 2658: 2654: 2650: 2647:(8): 756–62. 2646: 2642: 2634: 2631: 2626: 2622: 2618: 2614: 2610: 2606: 2603:(8): 574–82. 2602: 2598: 2590: 2587: 2582: 2578: 2573: 2568: 2564: 2560: 2557:(8): 383–93. 2556: 2552: 2548: 2541: 2538: 2533: 2529: 2524: 2519: 2515: 2511: 2507: 2500: 2497: 2492: 2488: 2483: 2478: 2474: 2470: 2466: 2462: 2458: 2451: 2448: 2443: 2439: 2434: 2429: 2425: 2421: 2417: 2413: 2409: 2402: 2399: 2394: 2390: 2385: 2380: 2376: 2372: 2368: 2364: 2360: 2353: 2350: 2345: 2341: 2337: 2333: 2328: 2323: 2319: 2315: 2311: 2307: 2303: 2296: 2294: 2290: 2285: 2281: 2277: 2273: 2268: 2263: 2259: 2255: 2252:(4): 307–12. 2251: 2247: 2243: 2236: 2233: 2228: 2224: 2219: 2214: 2211:(2): 147–52. 2210: 2206: 2202: 2195: 2192: 2187: 2183: 2179: 2175: 2171: 2167: 2160: 2157: 2152: 2148: 2144: 2140: 2136: 2132: 2125: 2122: 2117: 2113: 2108: 2103: 2099: 2095: 2091: 2087: 2083: 2076: 2073: 2068: 2064: 2059: 2054: 2051:(2): 207–16. 2050: 2046: 2042: 2035: 2032: 2027: 2023: 2018: 2013: 2009: 2005: 2001: 1994: 1992: 1990: 1988: 1984: 1979: 1975: 1970: 1965: 1961: 1957: 1954:(1): 203–16. 1953: 1949: 1945: 1938: 1935: 1930: 1926: 1921: 1916: 1912: 1908: 1904: 1897: 1895: 1893: 1889: 1884: 1880: 1875: 1870: 1866: 1862: 1858: 1854: 1850: 1843: 1841: 1837: 1832: 1828: 1823: 1818: 1814: 1810: 1806: 1802: 1798: 1791: 1789: 1787: 1783: 1778: 1774: 1769: 1764: 1761:(3): 330–42. 1760: 1756: 1752: 1745: 1743: 1739: 1734: 1730: 1725: 1720: 1716: 1712: 1708: 1701: 1699: 1695: 1690: 1686: 1681: 1676: 1672: 1668: 1664: 1660: 1656: 1649: 1647: 1643: 1638: 1634: 1629: 1624: 1620: 1616: 1612: 1608: 1604: 1597: 1594: 1589: 1583: 1580: 1575: 1571: 1567: 1563: 1560:(10): 522–9. 1559: 1555: 1548: 1545: 1540: 1536: 1530: 1527: 1522: 1518: 1512: 1509: 1505: 1501: 1496: 1494: 1492: 1488: 1484: 1480: 1475: 1473: 1471: 1467: 1461: 1459: 1457: 1453: 1445: 1443: 1441: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1425: 1420: 1418: 1413: 1409: 1405: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1386: 1382: 1378: 1374: 1370: 1366: 1358: 1356: 1354: 1350: 1345: 1343: 1339: 1335: 1331: 1327: 1323: 1319: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1303: 1299: 1298: 1293: 1289: 1285: 1281: 1277: 1273: 1267: 1264: 1260: 1256: 1252: 1248: 1244: 1240: 1236: 1228: 1226: 1224: 1223:NADPH oxidase 1221: 1217: 1213: 1209: 1205: 1201: 1198: 1194: 1193:cell motility 1190: 1182: 1180: 1178: 1174: 1170: 1166: 1162: 1158: 1154: 1146: 1144: 1142: 1139: 1135: 1131: 1127: 1126:Rac subfamily 1123: 1120: 1119:intracellular 1116: 1112: 1108: 1104: 1100: 1096: 1092: 1088: 1084: 1072: 1067: 1063: 1059: 1056: 1052: 1045: 1043: 1040: 1036: 1032: 1028: 1025: 1021: 1017: 1010: 1008: 1002: 998: 995: 989: 987: 981: 977: 974: 970: 963: 961: 955: 951: 948: 942: 940: 934: 930: 927: 925:RefSeq (mRNA) 923: 916: 915: 910: 906: 903: 897: 896: 891: 887: 884: 882: 878: 871: 870: 865: 861: 858: 852: 851: 846: 842: 839: 837: 833: 826: 825: 820: 816: 813: 807: 806: 801: 797: 794: 792: 788: 785: 782: 780: 777: 773: 770: 766: 762: 755: 751: 746: 740: 737: 735: 732: 730: 727: 725: 722: 720: 717: 715: 712: 710: 707: 705: 702: 700: 697: 695: 692: 690: 687: 685: 682: 680: 677: 675: 672: 670: 667: 665: 662: 660: 657: 655: 652: 650: 647: 645: 642: 641: 639: 636: 635: 629: 626: 624: 621: 619: 616: 614: 611: 609: 606: 604: 601: 599: 596: 594: 591: 589: 586: 584: 581: 579: 576: 575: 573: 570: 569: 563: 560: 558: 555: 553: 550: 548: 545: 543: 540: 538: 535: 534: 532: 529: 528: 525: 524:Gene ontology 521: 517: 505: 500: 496: 491: 488: 486: 482: 474: 469: 458: 454: 450: 446: 442: 438: 434: 430: 426: 422: 421: 418: 414: 409: 406: 396: 392: 388: 384: 380: 376: 372: 368: 364: 360: 359: 356: 352: 347: 344: 343: 340: 338: 334: 332: 331: 327: 326: 323: 321: 317: 313: 309: 305: 297: 292: 288: 284: 279: 269: 265: 258: 251: 245: 238: 230: 226: 222: 217: 213: 208: 204: 196: 191: 187: 183: 178: 168: 164: 157: 150: 144: 137: 133: 127: 123: 119: 114: 110: 105: 101: 97: 93: 89: 85: 81: 77: 73: 69: 65: 61: 53: 48: 41: 36: 31: 27: 22: 19: 4225: 4159: 4152: 4115: 4093: 4078:Small GTPase 3692:Wilson/ATP7B 3687:Menkes/ATP7A 3511: 3476: 3472: 3457:. Retrieved 3450:the original 3424:(1): 27–41. 3421: 3417: 3384: 3380: 3353: 3349: 3310: 3306: 3277: 3273: 3232: 3228: 3189: 3185: 3146: 3142: 3113: 3109: 3069:(4): 371–7. 3066: 3062: 3031: 3027: 2988: 2984: 2935: 2908: 2904: 2875: 2871: 2826: 2822: 2812: 2790:(2): 541–7. 2787: 2783: 2777: 2742: 2738: 2728: 2687: 2683: 2677: 2644: 2640: 2633: 2600: 2596: 2589: 2554: 2550: 2540: 2513: 2509: 2499: 2464: 2460: 2450: 2415: 2411: 2401: 2366: 2362: 2352: 2309: 2305: 2249: 2245: 2235: 2208: 2204: 2194: 2169: 2165: 2159: 2134: 2130: 2124: 2089: 2085: 2075: 2048: 2044: 2034: 2007: 2003: 1951: 1947: 1937: 1910: 1906: 1856: 1852: 1804: 1800: 1758: 1754: 1714: 1710: 1662: 1658: 1610: 1606: 1596: 1582: 1557: 1553: 1547: 1538: 1529: 1520: 1511: 1449: 1446:Interactions 1421: 1416: 1403: 1400: 1396: 1384: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1362: 1346: 1317: 1313: 1309: 1305: 1295: 1288:phagocytosis 1268: 1232: 1200:cytoskeleton 1186: 1150: 1140: 1105:) monomeric 1098: 1094: 1090: 1086: 1082: 1081: 1004: 983: 957: 936: 912: 893: 867: 848: 822: 803: 783: 778: 335: 328: 294:101,905,261 281:101,888,330 55:External IDs 18: 4402:Mitofusin-1 4377:3.6.5.5-6: 4346:Prokaryotic 1424:microtubule 1208:endocytosis 1157:fibroblasts 623:cell cortex 542:GTP binding 435:bone marrow 423:granulocyte 381:bone marrow 361:granulocyte 273:7|7 E2 33:Identifiers 4368:Eukaryotic 4001:Transducin 3838:(3.6.3.10) 3577:Hydrolases 3459:2019-08-18 1506:, May 2017 1485:, May 2017 1462:References 1438:activator 1436:MAP Kinase 1417:C. elegans 1408:N-terminus 1365:pleiotropy 1297:C. elegans 1284:PC12 cells 1251:hydrolysis 1220:neutrophil 1177:HeLa cells 1165:leukocytes 1134:G proteins 1130:Rho family 397:right lung 385:lymph node 377:C1 segment 339:(ortholog) 193:3,840,959 180:3,826,978 76:HomoloGene 4336:3.6.5.3: 4076:3.6.5.2: 4018:Gustducin 3950:3.6.5.1: 3784:(3.6.3.9) 3704:(3.6.3.8) 3607:Inorganic 1375:edicator 1294:cells in 1292:apoptotic 1147:Discovery 1132:of small 1115:G protein 1109:-binding 1007:NP_062512 986:NP_001656 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Index

Aliases
RHOG
OMIM
179505
MGI
1928370
HomoloGene
68196
GeneCards
RHOG
OMA
RHOG - orthologs
Human
Chromosome 11 (human)
Chr.
Chromosome 11 (human)
Chromosome 11 (human)
Genomic location for RHOG
Genomic location for RHOG
Band
bp
bp
Mouse
Chromosome 7 (mouse)
Chr.
Chromosome 7 (mouse)
Genomic location for RHOG
Genomic location for RHOG
Band
bp

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