1805:
122:
442:
1792:
1799:
104:
901:
OSBORN, H. F. (1936): Proboscidea: a monograph of the discovery, evolution, migration, and extinction of the mastodonts and elephants of the world, vol. 1: Moeritherioidea, Deinotherioidea, Mastodontoidea. New York (The
American Museum
874:
C. Frick. 1921. Extinct vertebrate faunas of the badlands of
Bautista Creek and San Timoteo Canyon, southern California. University of California Publications in Geology 12(5):277-424
985:
LUCAS, S.G. & MORGAN, G.S., 2008. Taxonomy of
Rhynchotherium (Mammalia, Proboscidea) from the Miocene-Pliocene of North America.- New Mex. Mus. Nat. Hist. Sci. Bull. 44: 71-87.
1013:"OPINION 2295 (Case 3515) Rhynchotherium Falconer, 1868 (Mammalia; Proboscidea): usage conserved by designation of Rhynchotherium falconeri Osborn, 1923 as the type species"
1914:
1044:
831:
Arroyo-Cabrales, J.; Polaco, O. J.; Laurito, C.; Johnson, E.; Alberdi, M. T.; Zamora, A. L. V. (2007). "The proboscideans (Mammalia) from
Mesoamerica".
1012:
1970:
1901:
926:"The Dance of Tusks: Rediscovery of Lower Incisors in the Pan-American Proboscidean Cuvieronius hyodon Revises Incisor Evolution in Elephantimorpha"
1980:
1975:
892:
OSBORN, H. F. (1923): New subfamily, generic and specific stages in the evolution of the proboscidea. – American Museum
Novitates, 99: 1– 4.
883:
FRICK, C. (1933): New
Remains of Trilophodont-Tetralophodont mastodons. – Bulletin American Museum of Natural History, 59: 505 – 652.
815:
1037:
1965:
1960:
911:
OLSEN, S. J. (1957): A new beak-jawed mastodont from
Florida. – Journal of the Palaeontological Society of India, 2: 131–135.
1804:
121:
1030:
353:
in 1918. In 1921, a gomphothere skull from the Mt. Eden area of southern
California was described as a subspecies of
1791:
1854:
350:
1955:
1927:
1817:
1798:
937:
840:
1892:
1414:
1405:
1444:
1159:
116:
1932:
1919:
1767:
1636:
965:
1493:
955:
945:
848:
1827:
1822:
1435:
1283:
1267:
524:
441:
287:
998:
Falconer, 1868 (Mammalia; Proboscidea): proposed conservation of usage by designation of
941:
844:
1757:
1465:
1421:
1330:
1300:
1244:
1190:
960:
925:
1002:
OSBORN, 1923 as the type species. – Bulletin of
Zoological Nomenclature, 67: 158 –162.
1949:
1837:
1747:
1727:
1680:
1664:
1650:
1643:
1603:
1582:
1575:
1568:
1547:
1521:
1458:
1253:
1214:
1180:
1129:
679:
625:
570:
543:
470:
322:
283:
206:
61:
865:
FALCONER, H. (1868): Paleontological
Memoirs. Volume II: 74 –75; London (Hardwicke).
1691:
1596:
1514:
1486:
1391:
1320:
1260:
1230:
1170:
1139:
652:
215:
1022:
950:
852:
1886:
1832:
1737:
1619:
1554:
1537:
1500:
1479:
1472:
1370:
1223:
1108:
1093:
1054:
724:
391:
313:
279:
186:
173:
36:
1877:
1507:
1451:
1384:
1354:
1149:
1084:
81:
46:
1717:
1707:
1561:
1363:
597:
337:
was first described in 1868 on the basis of a lower jaw from the Miocene of
133:
103:
86:
969:
924:
Mothé, Dimila; Ferretti, Marco P.; Avilla, Leonardo S. (12 January 2016).
304:
1871:
1673:
1310:
1200:
1072:
836:
338:
295:
153:
76:
71:
56:
51:
41:
1906:
1700:
1629:
1340:
291:
91:
66:
1377:
1078:
1066:
342:
163:
143:
1848:
440:
299:
317:
1852:
1026:
434:, the ICZN was petitioned to conserve the genus by designating
513:
Phylogenetic position according to Mothé et al. (2016)
1763:
1753:
1743:
1733:
1723:
1713:
1661:
1614:
1532:
1432:
1402:
1351:
1336:
1326:
1316:
1306:
1296:
1241:
1211:
1196:
1186:
1176:
1166:
1155:
1145:
1135:
1125:
720:
702:
675:
648:
622:
593:
566:
539:
521:
1861:
1690:
1660:
1613:
1531:
1431:
1401:
1350:
1281:
1240:
1210:
1106:
919:
917:
398:Lucas and Morgan (2008) reviewed the taxonomy of
1038:
8:
1849:
1289:
1118:
1114:
1103:
1045:
1031:
1023:
102:
20:
981:
979:
959:
949:
369:. Other species subsequently assigned to
449:, a North American species of the genus.
808:
365:, but was subsequently reassigned to
7:
695:
668:
641:
614:
586:
559:
532:
516:
438:as the type species, which it did.
345:. Later, the type species epithet
14:
468:Cope, 1884 - likely a species of
422:could be confidently referred to
389:. It was the closest relative to
1971:Neogene mammals of North America
1803:
1797:
1790:
120:
357:(a now-defunct combination for
395:, and may be ancestral to it.
1:
1981:Fossil taxa described in 1868
1976:Prehistoric placental genera
951:10.1371/journal.pone.0147009
853:10.1016/j.quaint.2006.12.017
349:was erected for the jaw by
302:, living for approximately
1997:
507:Rhynchotherium anguirivale
426:. Because the genotype of
320:and may have evolved from
16:Extinct genus of proboscid
1812:
1787:
1292:
1121:
1117:
1102:
1061:
718:
700:
693:
673:
666:
646:
639:
619:
612:
610:Brevirostrine clade
591:
584:
564:
557:
537:
530:
240:
235:
221:
214:
117:Scientific classification
115:
110:
101:
23:
1000:Rhynchotherium falconeri
833:Quaternary International
489:Rhynchotherium rectidens
447:Rhynchotherium falconeri
402:and concluded that only
225:Rhynchotherium falconeri
816:Paleobiology database:
278:is an extinct genus of
1966:Pliocene proboscideans
477:Tetrabelodon brevidens
450:
351:Henry Fairfield Osborn
1961:Miocene proboscideans
1928:Paleobiology Database
994:LUCAS, S. G. (2010):
495:Aybelodon hondurensis
444:
1818:Plesielephantiformes
1053:Genera of the order
501:Blickotherium blicki
483:Dibelodon praecursor
445:Life restoration of
355:Trilophodon shepardi
1406:Choerolophodontidae
942:2016PLoSO..1147009M
845:2007QuInt.169...17A
454:Misassigned species
298:from 13.650 to 3.6
466:Mastodon euhypodon
451:
1943:
1942:
1855:Taxon identifiers
1846:
1845:
1785:
1784:
1781:
1780:
1777:
1776:
1768:Stegotetrabelodon
1637:Paratetralophodon
1277:
1276:
799:
798:
790:
789:
781:
780:
772:
771:
763:
762:
754:
753:
745:
744:
736:
735:
460:Mastodon shepardi
359:Mastodon shepardi
271:
270:
210:
1988:
1936:
1935:
1923:
1922:
1910:
1909:
1897:
1896:
1895:
1882:
1881:
1880:
1850:
1807:
1801:
1795:
1794:
1765:
1755:
1745:
1735:
1725:
1715:
1663:
1616:
1534:
1494:Progomphotherium
1434:
1404:
1353:
1338:
1328:
1318:
1308:
1298:
1290:
1243:
1213:
1198:
1188:
1178:
1168:
1157:
1147:
1137:
1127:
1119:
1115:
1104:
1047:
1040:
1033:
1024:
1017:
1016:
1009:
1003:
992:
986:
983:
974:
973:
963:
953:
921:
912:
909:
903:
899:
893:
890:
884:
881:
875:
872:
866:
863:
857:
856:
828:
822:
813:
722:
704:
696:
677:
669:
650:
642:
624:
615:
595:
587:
568:
560:
541:
533:
523:
517:
430:is referable to
308:
205:
198:
185:
125:
124:
106:
96:
33:
32:Miocene–Pliocene
29:Temporal range:
21:
1996:
1995:
1991:
1990:
1989:
1987:
1986:
1985:
1946:
1945:
1944:
1939:
1931:
1926:
1918:
1913:
1905:
1900:
1891:
1890:
1885:
1876:
1875:
1870:
1857:
1847:
1842:
1828:Elephantimorpha
1823:Numidotheriidae
1808:
1789:
1773:
1686:
1656:
1618:
1617:"Tetralophodont
1609:
1536:
1527:
1436:Amebelodontidae
1427:
1397:
1346:
1286:
1284:Elephantiformes
1273:
1268:Prodeinotherium
1236:
1206:
1111:
1098:
1057:
1051:
1021:
1020:
1011:
1010:
1006:
993:
989:
984:
977:
936:(1): e0147009.
923:
922:
915:
910:
906:
900:
896:
891:
887:
882:
878:
873:
869:
864:
860:
830:
829:
825:
814:
810:
805:
800:
791:
782:
773:
764:
755:
746:
737:
528:
525:Gomphotheriidae
456:
332:
303:
288:Central America
231:
228:
204:
196:
187:Gomphotheriidae
183:
119:
97:
95:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
44:
39:
31:
30:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1994:
1992:
1984:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1948:
1947:
1941:
1940:
1938:
1937:
1924:
1911:
1898:
1893:Rhynchotherium
1883:
1867:
1865:
1863:Rhynchotherium
1859:
1858:
1853:
1844:
1843:
1841:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1813:
1810:
1809:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1782:
1779:
1778:
1775:
1774:
1772:
1771:
1761:
1758:Stegodibelodon
1751:
1741:
1731:
1721:
1711:
1704:
1696:
1694:
1688:
1687:
1685:
1684:
1677:
1669:
1667:
1658:
1657:
1655:
1654:
1647:
1640:
1633:
1625:
1623:
1611:
1610:
1608:
1607:
1600:
1593:
1590:Rhynchotherium
1586:
1579:
1572:
1565:
1558:
1551:
1543:
1541:
1529:
1528:
1526:
1525:
1518:
1511:
1504:
1497:
1490:
1483:
1476:
1469:
1466:Archaeobelodon
1462:
1455:
1448:
1440:
1438:
1429:
1428:
1426:
1425:
1422:Choerolophodon
1418:
1410:
1408:
1399:
1398:
1396:
1395:
1388:
1381:
1374:
1367:
1359:
1357:
1348:
1347:
1345:
1344:
1334:
1331:Palaeomastodon
1324:
1314:
1304:
1301:Dagbatitherium
1293:
1287:
1282:
1279:
1278:
1275:
1274:
1272:
1271:
1264:
1257:
1249:
1247:
1245:Deinotheriidae
1238:
1237:
1235:
1234:
1227:
1219:
1217:
1208:
1207:
1205:
1204:
1194:
1191:Phosphatherium
1184:
1174:
1164:
1153:
1143:
1133:
1122:
1112:
1107:
1100:
1099:
1097:
1096:
1087:
1081:
1075:
1069:
1062:
1059:
1058:
1052:
1050:
1049:
1042:
1035:
1027:
1019:
1018:
1004:
996:Rhynchotherium
987:
975:
913:
904:
894:
885:
876:
867:
858:
823:
818:Rhynchotherium
807:
806:
804:
801:
797:
796:
793:
792:
788:
787:
784:
783:
779:
778:
775:
774:
770:
769:
766:
765:
761:
760:
757:
756:
752:
751:
748:
747:
743:
742:
739:
738:
734:
733:
730:
729:
717:
714:
713:
710:
709:
706:Rhynchotherium
699:
694:
692:
689:
688:
685:
684:
672:
667:
665:
662:
661:
658:
657:
645:
640:
638:
635:
634:
631:
630:
618:
613:
611:
607:
606:
603:
602:
590:
585:
583:
580:
579:
576:
575:
563:
558:
556:
553:
552:
549:
548:
536:
531:
529:
527:(Gomphotheres)
520:
515:
511:
510:
504:
498:
492:
486:
480:
474:
463:
455:
452:
428:Rhynchotherium
424:Rhynchotherium
400:Rhynchotherium
371:Rhynchotherium
367:Rhynchotherium
335:Rhynchotherium
331:
328:
275:Rhynchotherium
269:
268:
267:
266:
261:
256:
251:
246:
238:
237:
233:
232:
229:
219:
218:
212:
211:
201:Rhynchotherium
194:
190:
189:
181:
177:
176:
171:
167:
166:
161:
157:
156:
151:
147:
146:
141:
137:
136:
131:
127:
126:
113:
112:
108:
107:
99:
98:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
45:
40:
35:
34:
28:
25:Rhynchotherium
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1993:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1953:
1951:
1934:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1903:
1899:
1894:
1888:
1884:
1879:
1873:
1869:
1868:
1866:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1851:
1839:
1838:Elephantoidea
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1815:
1814:
1811:
1806:
1802:
1800:
1793:
1770:
1769:
1762:
1760:
1759:
1752:
1750:
1749:
1748:Selenetherium
1742:
1740:
1739:
1732:
1730:
1729:
1728:Palaeoloxodon
1722:
1720:
1719:
1712:
1710:
1709:
1705:
1703:
1702:
1698:
1697:
1695:
1693:
1689:
1683:
1682:
1681:Stegolophodon
1678:
1676:
1675:
1671:
1670:
1668:
1666:
1665:Stegodontidae
1659:
1653:
1652:
1651:Tetralophodon
1648:
1646:
1645:
1644:Pediolophodon
1641:
1639:
1638:
1634:
1632:
1631:
1627:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1612:
1606:
1605:
1604:Stegomastodon
1601:
1599:
1598:
1594:
1592:
1591:
1587:
1585:
1584:
1583:Notiomastodon
1580:
1578:
1577:
1576:Gomphotherium
1573:
1571:
1570:
1569:Gnathabelodon
1566:
1564:
1563:
1559:
1557:
1556:
1552:
1550:
1549:
1548:Blancotherium
1545:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1535:"Trilophodont
1530:
1524:
1523:
1522:Torynobelodon
1519:
1517:
1516:
1512:
1510:
1509:
1505:
1503:
1502:
1498:
1496:
1495:
1491:
1489:
1488:
1484:
1482:
1481:
1477:
1475:
1474:
1470:
1468:
1467:
1463:
1461:
1460:
1459:Aphanobelodon
1456:
1454:
1453:
1449:
1447:
1446:
1442:
1441:
1439:
1437:
1430:
1424:
1423:
1419:
1417:
1416:
1415:Afrochoerodon
1412:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1400:
1394:
1393:
1389:
1387:
1386:
1382:
1380:
1379:
1375:
1373:
1372:
1368:
1366:
1365:
1361:
1360:
1358:
1356:
1349:
1343:
1342:
1335:
1333:
1332:
1325:
1323:
1322:
1315:
1313:
1312:
1305:
1303:
1302:
1295:
1294:
1291:
1288:
1285:
1280:
1270:
1269:
1265:
1263:
1262:
1258:
1256:
1255:
1254:Chilgatherium
1251:
1250:
1248:
1246:
1239:
1233:
1232:
1228:
1226:
1225:
1221:
1220:
1218:
1216:
1215:Barytheriidae
1209:
1203:
1202:
1195:
1193:
1192:
1185:
1183:
1182:
1181:Numidotherium
1175:
1173:
1172:
1165:
1162:
1161:
1154:
1152:
1151:
1144:
1142:
1141:
1134:
1132:
1131:
1130:Arcanotherium
1124:
1123:
1120:
1116:
1113:
1110:
1105:
1101:
1095:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1082:
1080:
1076:
1074:
1070:
1068:
1064:
1063:
1060:
1056:
1048:
1043:
1041:
1036:
1034:
1029:
1028:
1025:
1015:. March 2012.
1014:
1008:
1005:
1001:
997:
991:
988:
982:
980:
976:
971:
967:
962:
957:
952:
947:
943:
939:
935:
931:
927:
920:
918:
914:
908:
905:
898:
895:
889:
886:
880:
877:
871:
868:
862:
859:
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
834:
827:
824:
821:
819:
812:
809:
802:
795:
794:
786:
785:
777:
776:
768:
767:
759:
758:
750:
749:
741:
740:
732:
731:
728:
727:
726:
716:
715:
712:
711:
708:
707:
698:
697:
691:
690:
687:
686:
683:
682:
681:
680:Notiomastodon
671:
670:
664:
663:
660:
659:
656:
655:
654:
644:
643:
637:
636:
633:
632:
629:
628:
627:
626:Stegomastodon
617:
616:
609:
608:
605:
604:
601:
600:
599:
589:
588:
582:
581:
578:
577:
574:
573:
572:
571:Gnathabelodon
562:
561:
555:
554:
551:
550:
547:
546:
545:
544:Gomphotherium
535:
534:
526:
519:
518:
514:
508:
505:
502:
499:
496:
493:
490:
487:
484:
481:
478:
475:
473:
472:
471:Gomphotherium
467:
464:
461:
458:
457:
453:
448:
443:
439:
437:
433:
432:Gomphotherium
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
412:R. paredensis
409:
405:
401:
396:
394:
393:
388:
384:
380:
379:R. paredensis
376:
372:
368:
364:
363:T. s. edensis
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
329:
327:
325:
324:
323:Gomphotherium
319:
315:
310:
307:million years
306:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
284:North America
281:
277:
276:
265:
262:
260:
259:R. paredensis
257:
255:
252:
250:
247:
245:
242:
241:
239:
234:
227:
226:
220:
217:
213:
208:
203:
202:
195:
192:
191:
188:
182:
179:
178:
175:
172:
169:
168:
165:
162:
159:
158:
155:
152:
149:
148:
145:
142:
139:
138:
135:
132:
129:
128:
123:
118:
114:
109:
105:
100:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
43:
38:
26:
22:
19:
1956:Gomphotheres
1862:
1796:
1766:
1756:
1746:
1736:
1726:
1716:
1706:
1699:
1692:Elephantidae
1679:
1672:
1649:
1642:
1635:
1628:
1620:gomphotheres
1602:
1597:Sinomastodon
1595:
1589:
1588:
1581:
1574:
1567:
1560:
1553:
1546:
1538:gomphotheres
1520:
1515:Stenobelodon
1513:
1506:
1499:
1492:
1487:Platybelodon
1485:
1478:
1471:
1464:
1457:
1450:
1445:Afromastodon
1443:
1420:
1413:
1392:Zygolophodon
1390:
1383:
1376:
1369:
1362:
1339:
1329:
1321:Hemimastodon
1319:
1309:
1299:
1266:
1261:Deinotherium
1259:
1252:
1231:Omanitherium
1229:
1222:
1199:
1189:
1179:
1171:Moeritherium
1169:
1158:
1148:
1140:Daouitherium
1138:
1128:
1089:
1083:Superorder:
1007:
999:
995:
990:
933:
929:
907:
897:
888:
879:
870:
861:
832:
826:
817:
811:
723:
719:
705:
701:
678:
674:
653:Sinomastodon
651:
647:
621:
620:
596:
592:
569:
565:
542:
538:
512:
509:Osborn, 1936
506:
500:
494:
491:Osborn, 1923
488:
482:
476:
469:
465:
459:
446:
436:R. falconeri
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
408:R. falconeri
407:
403:
399:
397:
390:
386:
382:
378:
375:R. falconeri
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
347:R. tlascalae
346:
334:
333:
321:
311:
274:
273:
272:
263:
258:
254:R. falconeri
253:
248:
243:
230:Osborn, 1923
224:
223:
216:Type species
200:
199:
111:Restoration
24:
18:
1887:Wikispecies
1833:Elephantida
1738:Primelephas
1555:Cuvieronius
1501:Protanancus
1480:Konobelodon
1473:Eurybelodon
1371:Losodokodon
1224:Barytherium
1160:Khamsaconus
1109:Proboscidea
1094:Tethytheria
1055:Proboscidea
835:. 169–170.
725:Cuvieronius
503:Frick, 1933
497:Frick, 1933
462:Leidy, 1871
420:R. simpsoni
392:Cuvieronius
387:R. simpsoni
314:gomphothere
290:during the
282:endemic to
280:proboscidea
264:R. simpsoni
174:Proboscidea
1950:Categories
1816:See also:
1508:Serbelodon
1452:Amebelodon
1385:Sinomammut
1355:Mammutidae
1150:Eritherium
1085:Afrotheria
820:basic info
803:References
485:Cope, 1893
479:Cope, 1889
404:R. edensis
249:R. edensis
1718:Mammuthus
1708:Loxodonta
1562:Eubelodon
1364:Eozygodon
1065:Kingdom:
839:: 17–23.
598:Eubelodon
416:R. browni
383:R. browni
373:included
244:R. browni
140:Kingdom:
134:Eukaryota
1878:Q2353831
1872:Wikidata
1674:Stegodon
1311:Eritreum
1201:Saloumia
1079:Mammalia
1073:Chordata
1071:Phylum:
1067:Animalia
970:26756209
930:PLOS ONE
837:Elsevier
339:Tlaxcala
330:Taxonomy
316:had two
296:Pliocene
294:through
236:Species
207:Falconer
180:Family:
164:Mammalia
154:Chordata
150:Phylum:
144:Animalia
130:Domain:
1920:1188021
1907:4825860
1701:Elephas
1630:Anancus
1341:Phiomia
1077:Class:
961:4710528
938:Bibcode
902:Press).
841:Bibcode
292:Miocene
193:Genus:
170:Order:
160:Class:
1378:Mammut
968:
958:
418:, and
385:, and
343:Mexico
209:, 1868
1933:43256
1915:IRMNG
1090:Clade
318:tusks
312:This
1902:GBIF
966:PMID
286:and
37:PreꞒ
956:PMC
946:doi
849:doi
361:),
1952::
1930::
1917::
1904::
1889::
1874::
1092::
978:^
964:.
954:.
944:.
934:11
932:.
928:.
916:^
847:.
414:,
410:,
406:,
381:,
377:,
341:,
326:.
309:.
305:10
300:Ma
87:Pg
1764:†
1754:†
1744:†
1734:†
1724:†
1714:†
1662:†
1622:"
1615:†
1540:"
1533:†
1433:†
1403:†
1352:†
1337:†
1327:†
1317:†
1307:†
1297:†
1242:†
1212:†
1197:†
1187:†
1177:†
1167:†
1163:?
1156:†
1146:†
1136:†
1126:†
1046:e
1039:t
1032:v
972:.
948::
940::
855:.
851::
843::
721:†
703:†
676:†
649:†
623:†
594:†
567:†
540:†
522:†
222:†
197:†
184:†
92:N
82:K
77:J
72:T
67:P
62:C
57:D
52:S
47:O
42:Ꞓ
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