812:
1006:
1018:
27:
178:
311:
The output of each channel is mixed non-linearly in their respective APU before being combined. On
Famicom and Dendy systems, expansion sound chips may add their own sound to the output via a pin on the game cartridge. Expansion audio capabilities were removed from international NES systems, but can
339:
used in the PAL television standard. However, most developers lacked the resources to properly adjust their games' music from NTSC to PAL, leading to many PAL games sounding slower, slightly lower-pitched, and in some cases, out-of-tune compared to their original NTSC releases.
307:
uses it for sampled basslines. An interesting quirk of the DPCM channel is that the bit order is reversed compared to what is normally expected for 1-bit PCM. Many developers were unaware of this detail, causing samples to be distorted during playback.
286:
The Ricoh 2A03's sound hardware has 5 channels, separated into two APUs (Audio
Processing Units). The first APU contains two general purpose pulse channels with 4 duty cycles, and the second APU contains a
1264:
299:-encoded PCM (DPCM) channel. While a majority of the NES library uses only 4 channels, later games use the 5th DPCM channel due to cartridge memory expansions becoming cheaper. For example,
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288:
246:
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be restored by modifying the expansion port located on the bottom of the system.
1974:
1889:
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2121:
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processor, which is a 2A03 with modifications to better suit the 50
232:
130:
71:
2095:
1943:
1212:
266:
mode (possibly to avoid a MOS Technology patent). It also integrates a
2005:
1874:
1151:
793:
26:
1508:
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333:
217:
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177:
176:
75:
1795:
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1419:
1038:
731:
512:
1503:
206:
727:
258:
The Ricoh 2A03 contains an unlicensed derivative of the
350:
303:
uses the DPCM channel for simple drum sounds, while
2114:
2039:
2018:
1988:
1962:
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320:PAL versions of the NES (sold in Europe, Asia, and
157:
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136:
124:
111:
106:
89:
84:
64:
56:
38:
33:
407:"Sound generators of the 1980s home computers"
1431:
1357:Atari Games Corp. v. Nintendo of America Inc.
1050:
743:
524:
8:
19:
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25:
462:"Voice Samples in 'Double Dribble (NES)'"
270:(also known as APU, featuring twenty two
361:
18:
16:CPU made by Ricoh for the Nintendo NES
442:from the original on October 17, 2018
262:core, modified to disable the 6502's
7:
1017:
295:-based Noise generator, and a 1-bit
1406:Super Nintendo Entertainment System
578:(and 6510T, 6512, 6513, 6514, 6515)
488:"NES Expanded Audio: 100k Pot Mod"
164:Through-hole Dual Inline Package (
14:
2074:GameCube technical specifications
1016:
1005:
1004:
810:
486:Burke, Kevin (24 January 2017).
977:Refined Printing Command Stream
430:Taylor, Brad (April 23, 2004).
278:, and game controller polling.
107:Architecture and classification
1970:Family Computer Network System
1:
1066:Nintendo Entertainment System
661:Interrupts in 65xx processors
222:Nintendo Entertainment System
1980:Nintendo Wi-Fi USB Connector
1447:Nintendo video game hardware
557:(and 6501, 6503, 6504, 6505)
371:"Nintendo RP2A03 and RP2A07"
268:programmable sound generator
2062:Super NES enhancement chips
44:; 41 years ago
2216:
432:"2A03 technical reference"
1645:Super NES Classic Edition
1395:
1270:Famicom Disk System games
1072:
1000:
808:
24:
961:Tanjong Pagar Ricoh Park
859:Ricoh GR digital cameras
274:registers), rudimentary
227:. It was also used as a
137:Physical specifications
20:Ricoh 2A03 / Ricoh 2A07
2159:Nintendo optical discs
2149:Game Boy Advance Video
1380:Nintendo Cereal System
834:Ricoh Caplio 400G Wide
584:(and 7501, 8500, 8501)
492:The Curriculum Crasher
466:The Cutting Room Floor
182:
1750:Famicom Data Recorder
1168:Aladdin Deck Enhancer
1107:Famicom Data Recorder
890:Ricoh GR film cameras
820:Products and services
778:Ikon Office Solutions
599:Western Design Center
337:vertical refresh rate
231:and secondary CPU by
180:
2195:65xx microprocessors
1847:GBA Wireless Adapter
1842:GCN – GBA Link Cable
369:Sattler, Christian.
264:binary-coded decimal
126:Instruction set
113:Technology node
2040:Integrated circuits
1949:Nintendo Switch Pro
1755:Famicom Disk System
1640:NES Classic Edition
1363:Nintendo VS. System
1301:NES Classic Edition
1102:Famicom Disk System
931:Ricoh RP2C02/RP2C07
316:Regional variations
301:Super Mario Bros. 3
260:MOS Technology 6502
65:Common manufacturer
34:General information
21:
2164:Nintendo Game Card
1917:Classic Controller
839:Ricoh Caplio 500SE
225:video game console
183:
2172:
2171:
2014:
2013:
1929:Wii Balance Board
1905:WaveBird Wireless
1760:Famicom 3D System
1685:
1684:
1681:
1680:
1413:
1412:
1260:List of NES games
1221:
1220:
1122:Famicom 3D System
1032:
1031:
944:
943:
725:
724:
411:www.atkinsoft.com
305:Journey to Silius
272:memory-mapped I/O
254:Technical details
175:
174:
2207:
1786:Game Boy Printer
1765:Super NES CD-ROM
1694:
1661:Game & Watch
1625:
1535:Game Boy Advance
1460:
1440:
1433:
1426:
1417:
1328:Analogue Nt Mini
1092:
1059:
1052:
1045:
1036:
1020:
1019:
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1007:
992:Ricoh Xinxiu Cup
982:Ricoh Black Rams
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395:Patent US3991307
392:
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366:
297:Delta modulation
216:manufactured by
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2110:
2035:
2010:
1984:
1958:
1885:Super NES Mouse
1851:
1837:Game Link Cable
1815:
1806:Game Boy Player
1781:Game Boy Camera
1738:
1677:
1673:Pokémon Pikachu
1649:
1616:
1595:
1513:
1475:official models
1449:
1444:
1414:
1409:
1403:• Succeeded by
1391:
1344:
1296:Official models
1288:hardware clones
1286:Variations and
1281:
1248:
1217:
1203:Turbo Touch 360
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1081:
1068:
1063:
1033:
1028:
996:
965:
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854:Ricoh Caplio RX
849:Ricoh Caplio R3
844:Ricoh Caplio G3
827:Digital cameras
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209:version) is an
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17:
12:
11:
5:
2213:
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2197:
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2190:Ricoh products
2187:
2185:Nintendo chips
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2015:
2012:
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1996:Nintendo Power
1992:
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1832:NES Four Score
1829:
1823:
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1813:
1811:Wii MotionPlus
1808:
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1374:Nintendo Quest
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1198:Teleplay Modem
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1178:Homework First
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1132:NES Four Score
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956:Ricoh Coliseum
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794:Pentax Imaging
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681:Hudson HuC6280
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546:MOS Technology
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375:visual6502.org
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291:generator, an
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282:Sound hardware
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2031:PlayChoice-10
2029:
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2017:
2007:
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1880:NES Advantage
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1827:NES Satellite
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1666:Mini Classics
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1635:Color TV-Game
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1400:Color TV-Game
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1368:Nintendo hard
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1870:Family BASIC
1820:Connectivity
1791:Transfer Pak
1767:(unreleased)
1574:Nintendo 3DS
1552:Pokémon Mini
1404:
1398:
1397:Preceded by
1384:
1372:
1355:
1335:Terminator 2
1308:Micro Genius
1265:best-selling
1232:
1117:Family BASIC
1021:
1009:
936:Ricoh RF5c68
920:
878:Film cameras
766:Acquisitions
717:Chuck Peddle
690:
654:Architecture
624:(and 65C802)
495:. Retrieved
491:
481:
469:. Retrieved
465:
456:
444:. Retrieved
435:
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414:. Retrieved
410:
401:
390:
378:. Retrieved
374:
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257:
245:
239:
237:arcade games
202:
198:
190:
186:
184:
57:Discontinued
2200:Sound chips
1975:Satellaview
1895:Nintendo 64
1890:Super Scope
1857:Controllers
1690:Peripherals
1607:Virtual Boy
1591:Switch Lite
1557:Nintendo DS
1492:iQue Player
1487:Nintendo 64
1323:Analogue Nt
1208:Turbotronic
1193:Power Glove
1161:Third-party
1087:Accessories
895:Ricoh Mirai
869:Ricoh Theta
712:Bill Mensch
241:Punch-Out!!
197:version) /
85:Performance
2179:Categories
2026:VS. System
1963:Networking
1922:Wii Zapper
1912:Wii Remote
1865:NES Zapper
1776:Rumble Pak
1734:Wii Remote
1233:Ricoh 2A03
1183:LaserScope
1173:Game Genie
1142:NES Zapper
926:Ricoh 5A22
921:Ricoh 2A03
900:Ricoh XR-P
798:Rex-Rotary
696:Ricoh 5A22
691:Ricoh 2A03
645:740 family
633:Mitsubishi
590:(and 4510)
436:NesDev.com
416:2019-12-02
380:2020-08-12
356:References
326:Ricoh 2A07
324:) use the
229:sound chip
199:Ricoh 2A07
187:Ricoh 2A03
99:1.79
95:clock rate
2132:Super NES
2091:Hollywood
2001:Wii Speak
1939:Wii U Pro
1709:Super NES
1621:Dedicated
1482:Super NES
1386:NES Remix
1277:Cancelled
1147:Power Pad
987:Ricoh Cup
885:Ricoh 500
864:Ricoh GXR
789:Nashuatec
773:Gestetner
705:Designers
497:9 October
322:Australia
2154:Play-Yan
2137:Game Boy
2122:Game Pak
2106:Tegra X1
2101:Espresso
2086:Broadway
2067:Super FX
1900:GameCube
1801:e-Reader
1719:Game Boy
1654:Handheld
1600:Portable
1525:Game Boy
1518:Handheld
1499:GameCube
1455:Consoles
1340:Game Axe
1253:Software
1239:Game Pak
1226:Hardware
1095:Nintendo
1011:Category
674:machines
440:Archived
344:See also
233:Nintendo
220:for the
131:MOS 6502
72:Nintendo
39:Launched
2096:PICA200
1944:Joy-Con
1743:Add-ons
1584:New 3DS
1349:Related
1318:Pegasus
1213:U-Force
1077:History
1023:Commons
637:Renesas
471:5 April
446:June 6,
47: (
2019:Arcade
2006:Amiibo
1875:R.O.B.
1612:Switch
1152:R.O.B.
949:Places
916:Katana
785:Monroe
782:Lanier
622:65C816
617:65C265
612:65C134
588:65CE02
330:RP2A07
203:RP2A07
191:RP2A03
181:RP2A07
158:Socket
2115:Media
2079:Gekko
1989:Other
1697:Lists
1545:Micro
1509:Wii U
1313:Dendy
970:Other
909:Other
802:Savin
759:Ricoh
607:65C02
548:, CSG
218:Ricoh
211:8-bit
143:Cores
90:Max.
76:Ricoh
2052:5A22
2047:2A03
1796:64DD
1628:Home
1562:Lite
1463:Home
672:game
670:For
582:8502
576:6510
571:6509
566:6508
561:6507
555:6502
499:2021
473:2023
448:2008
293:LFSR
244:and
195:NTSC
185:The
60:2003
49:1983
42:1983
2142:N64
2127:NES
2057:CIC
1724:GCN
1714:N64
1704:NES
1579:2DS
1567:DSi
1504:Wii
1470:NES
1244:CIC
328:or
276:DMA
235:'s
207:PAL
201:or
189:or
166:DIP
101:MHz
92:CPU
2181::
1729:DS
1540:SP
635:,
490:.
464:.
438:.
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409:.
373:.
334:Hz
250:.
119:μm
117:6
74:,
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205:(
193:(
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150:1
51:)
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