145:
163:
299:
The PAI was conceived by
Maraffa as an organization with a military organization but with a civilian structure, organized on the model of the British colonial police. The police force was made up of Italian and African personnel, equipped with uniforms, vehicles and weapons of higher quality than
28:
390:
559:
742:
732:
727:
530:
439:
386:
551:
737:
722:
611:
615:
686:
339:; he welcomed hundreds of officers and soldiers of the dissolved Royal Italian Army units into his police force, thus preventing their deportation to
316:, the personnel of the Italian Africa Police in Italy, made up exclusively of Italian personnel, passed under the control of the Italian police chief
628:
411:
522:
443:
473:
501:
680:
277:
648:
670:
344:
273:
203:
363:
331:
After the German takeover, on 13 September 1943 General
Maraffa assumed command of all the police forces of the
629:
https://poliziamoderna.poliziadistato.it/articolo/56c4911b56f00780978205&usg=AOvVaw0xtFBrIKwpc64hSIYZ88X4
348:
245:
241:
107:
325:
301:
221:
40:
289:
280:, and later assigned to sections 1st and 3rd of the High Colonial Council. In 1936, after promotion to
717:
712:
415:
324:, participating in the fighting in defense of the capital against the German troops following the
257:
168:
220:(20 December 1890 β 11 December 1943) was an Italian soldier and civil servant, founder of the
676:
605:
590:
469:
309:
261:
75:
249:
150:
497:
265:
317:
313:
288:, but in January 1937 he left the Army and was given command of the newly established
706:
293:
367:
366:, where he died less than two months later, on 11 December 1943, after suffering a
355:
336:
269:
127:
640:
198:
552:"Occupazione e terrore nazista Nove mesi nella CittΓ aperta - la Repubblica.it"
27:
305:
332:
237:
359:
352:
340:
281:
233:
186:
103:
498:"Biography of Brigadier-General Riccardo Maraffa (1890 β 1943), Italy"
304:
of the time. He was probably one of the first to study the use of the
272:, he commanded the 10th Siege Artillery Regiment; in 1935, during the
123:
285:
253:
579:
Marco
Patricelli, Settembre 1943: I giorni della vergogna, p. 37
321:
743:
Italian military personnel of the Second Italo-Ethiopian War
672:
Il partigiano
Montezemolo - Mario Avagliano - Google Libri
244:), on December 20, 1890, the son of career soldier and
276:, he was appointed head of the Military Office of the
434:
432:
733:
Italian people who died in Dachau concentration camp
320:
and was placed at the disposal of the Army Corps of
464:
462:
460:
192:
182:
174:
156:
138:
133:
113:
90:
85:
69:
57:
38:
18:
728:Italian police officers killed in the line of duty
412:"Augusto - Automazione Gazzetta Ufficiale Storica"
351:, however, he refused to swear loyalty to the new
335:of Rome, with full powers for the maintenance of
308:for police tasks. In 1943, after the end of the
8:
610:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
591:"Maraffa Riccardo β’ Caduti Polizia di Stato"
492:
490:
614:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
284:, he was assigned to the Royal Academy of
26:
15:
738:Italian military personnel of World War I
589:di Administrator · 7 Febbraio 2017.
723:Italian civilians killed in World War II
264:, on October 16, 1911. He fought in the
224:, which he commanded from 1936 to 1943.
378:
252:, and Carlotta Giuseppina Gallin, from
603:
256:. He began his military career in the
7:
669:Avagliano, Mario (10 October 2013).
389:. Dl.antenati.san.beniculturali.it.
268:and after the war, with the rank of
358:and was therefore arrested by the
14:
347:. After the establishment of the
248:entrepreneur Cataldo Rocco, from
53:January 1937 β July 1943
161:
143:
689:from the original on 2022-02-26
651:from the original on 2021-08-26
562:from the original on 2021-08-26
533:from the original on 2021-08-26
504:from the original on 2021-08-26
476:from the original on 2016-03-05
393:from the original on 2021-08-26
387:"Immagine 332 | Antenati"
1:
523:"ROMA 8 SETTEMBRE 1943: Home"
556:Archivio - la Repubblica.it
500:. Generals.dk. 1938-07-31.
260:with the rank of artillery
759:
345:Italian Military Internees
314:Italian colonies in Africa
274:Second Italo-Ethiopian War
204:Second Italo-Ethiopian War
641:"il tramonto di un regno"
593:. Cadutipoliziadistato.it
527:www.roma8settembre1943.it
364:Dachau concentration camp
211:
81:
46:
34:
25:
302:law enforcement agencies
292:(PAI), with the rank of
470:"1943 Maraffa Riccardo"
349:Italian Social Republic
300:those of other Italian
242:Austro-Hungarian Empire
108:Austro-Hungarian Empire
440:"Polizia e Democrazia"
326:Armistice of Cassibile
222:Italian African Police
41:Italian African Police
290:Italian Africa Police
175:Years of service
472:. Cadutipolizia.it.
312:and the loss of all
278:Ministry of Colonies
232:Maraffa was born in
645:www.ilpostalista.it
258:Royal Italian Army
240:(then part of the
169:Royal Italian Army
310:Tunisian campaign
262:second lieutenant
218:Riccardo Marraffa
215:
214:
76:Quirino Armellini
20:Riccardo Marraffa
750:
698:
697:
695:
694:
666:
660:
659:
657:
656:
637:
631:
626:
620:
619:
609:
601:
599:
598:
586:
580:
577:
571:
570:
568:
567:
548:
542:
541:
539:
538:
519:
513:
512:
510:
509:
494:
485:
484:
482:
481:
466:
455:
454:
452:
451:
442:. Archived from
436:
427:
426:
424:
423:
414:. Archived from
408:
402:
401:
399:
398:
383:
362:and sent to the
250:Ceglie Messapica
167:
165:
164:
151:Kingdom of Italy
149:
147:
146:
134:Military service
120:
117:11 December 1943
101:20 December 1890
100:
98:
86:Personal details
72:
60:
51:
30:
16:
758:
757:
753:
752:
751:
749:
748:
747:
703:
702:
701:
692:
690:
683:
668:
667:
663:
654:
652:
639:
638:
634:
627:
623:
602:
596:
594:
588:
587:
583:
578:
574:
565:
563:
550:
549:
545:
536:
534:
521:
520:
516:
507:
505:
496:
495:
488:
479:
477:
468:
467:
458:
449:
447:
438:
437:
430:
421:
419:
410:
409:
405:
396:
394:
385:
384:
380:
376:
266:First World War
246:oil prospection
230:
162:
160:
144:
142:
122:
118:
102:
96:
94:
70:
58:
52:
47:
21:
12:
11:
5:
756:
754:
746:
745:
740:
735:
730:
725:
720:
715:
705:
704:
700:
699:
681:
661:
632:
621:
581:
572:
543:
514:
486:
456:
428:
403:
377:
375:
372:
318:Carmine Senise
236:, present-day
229:
226:
213:
212:
209:
208:
207:
206:
201:
194:
190:
189:
184:
180:
179:
176:
172:
171:
158:
157:Branch/service
154:
153:
140:
136:
135:
131:
130:
121:(aged 52)
115:
111:
110:
92:
88:
87:
83:
82:
79:
78:
73:
67:
66:
64:Office created
61:
55:
54:
44:
43:
36:
35:
32:
31:
23:
22:
19:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
755:
744:
741:
739:
736:
734:
731:
729:
726:
724:
721:
719:
716:
714:
711:
710:
708:
688:
684:
682:9788868654245
678:
674:
673:
665:
662:
650:
646:
642:
636:
633:
630:
625:
622:
617:
613:
607:
592:
585:
582:
576:
573:
561:
557:
553:
547:
544:
532:
528:
524:
518:
515:
503:
499:
493:
491:
487:
475:
471:
465:
463:
461:
457:
446:on 2019-02-12
445:
441:
435:
433:
429:
418:on 2016-10-31
417:
413:
407:
404:
392:
388:
382:
379:
373:
371:
369:
365:
361:
357:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
329:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
297:
295:
294:Major General
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
227:
225:
223:
219:
210:
205:
202:
200:
197:
196:
195:
191:
188:
185:
181:
177:
173:
170:
159:
155:
152:
141:
137:
132:
129:
125:
116:
112:
109:
105:
93:
89:
84:
80:
77:
74:
68:
65:
62:
56:
50:
45:
42:
39:Chief of the
37:
33:
29:
24:
17:
691:. Retrieved
671:
664:
653:. Retrieved
644:
635:
624:
595:. Retrieved
584:
575:
564:. Retrieved
555:
546:
535:. Retrieved
526:
517:
506:. Retrieved
478:. Retrieved
448:. Retrieved
444:the original
420:. Retrieved
416:the original
406:
395:. Retrieved
381:
368:heart attack
356:puppet state
337:public order
330:
298:
231:
217:
216:
193:Battles/wars
128:Nazi Germany
119:(1943-12-11)
71:Succeeded by
63:
48:
718:1943 deaths
713:1890 births
199:World War I
59:Preceded by
707:Categories
693:2021-08-26
655:2021-08-26
597:2021-08-26
566:2021-08-26
537:2021-08-26
508:2021-08-26
480:2021-08-26
450:2021-08-26
422:2021-08-26
397:2021-08-26
374:References
306:helicopter
139:Allegiance
97:1890-12-20
333:Open City
228:Biography
178:1911β1937
49:In office
687:Archived
649:Archived
606:cite web
560:Archived
531:Archived
502:Archived
474:Archived
391:Archived
238:Slovenia
360:Gestapo
353:Fascist
341:Germany
282:Colonel
234:Biljana
187:Colonel
104:Biljana
679:
166:
148:
124:Dachau
286:Turin
270:Major
254:Udine
677:ISBN
616:link
612:link
322:Rome
183:Rank
114:Died
91:Born
343:as
709::
685:.
675:.
647:.
643:.
608:}}
604:{{
558:.
554:.
529:.
525:.
489:^
459:^
431:^
370:.
328:.
296:.
126:,
106:,
696:.
658:.
618:)
600:.
569:.
540:.
511:.
483:.
453:.
425:.
400:.
99:)
95:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.