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over the pastoral care of these
Catholics after a new road link between Empangeni and Richards Bay had been completed at the end of 1974. He introduced a weekly Mass, which was held in the Methodist Church in Meerensee and later in the Primary School in Arboretum. The Diocese of Eshowe had in the meanwhile bought a church site in Meerensee. The site was offered to the Nardini Sisters who built a convent and a primary school there in 1977/78. Reg Sommerville, an architect from Empangeni, drew up the plans. O'Connell Brothers, an Empangeni company, began the building operations in June 1977. They finished the first phase within one year so that Archabbot Notker Wolf of St. Ottilien (Germany), who was at that time in South Africa on a visit, could bless the chapel and kindergarten on 12 August 1978. The second phase which involved the construction of a convent was completed in January 1979. Two Nardini Sisters took up residence in the new convent in February 1979. The convent chapel was used by the Catholic community of Richards Bay for Sunday Mass from June 1978 until August 1986 when the new church in Veld-en-Vlei was opened.
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period, all parishioners were invited to make suggestions for the new
Catholic centre. For months the sketches and plans were displayed after Sunday Mass so that everyone could contribute ideas. The Diocese of Eshowe eventually accepted the proposal to build a church together with a hall and a caretaker's flat in Veld en Vlei because of the central position of this suburb. The turning of the sod service took place on 12 September 1985. LTA Construction, one of the largest building companies in South Africa was awarded the contract. Work was completed in June 1986. Bishop Mansuet Biyase consecrated the new church on 31 August 1986. The patron saint of the church and the parish is St. Francis of Assisi. Attached to the church are a sacristy, a small kitchen and a caretaker's flat. In 1992, another building was added. It contains a meeting room and several classrooms for catechism children. The St. Francis Parish in Richards Bay had about 600 Catholics in 1992.
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run (an
Olympic-distance triathlon). Alongside a prize purse, points were awarded at each race contributing towards the overall World Cup for which an additional prize purse was awarded. The 2008 World Cup was sponsored by BG Group. The 2008 World Cup series marked the final year of this race and championship format as the ITU shifted its focus to developing the World Championship Series.
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from
January to March at 29 °C (84 °F), and the minimum is 21 °C (70 °F), dropping to daytime highs from June to August of 23 °C (73 °F) and a minimum of 12 °C (53 °F). Sunrise is at 4:45 AM and sunset at 7:00 PM in summer. In winter sunrise is at 6:20 AM and sunset at 5:00 PM. Richards Bay is a popular
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cent of such households being house or brick structures. According to household income, the wealthiest suburb is
Meerensee, with an average household income of more than R153,601 per annum. The unemployment rate in Richards Bay alone is 19 per cent, compared with 55 per cent in surrounding rural areas.
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All the additional buildings were constructed and paid for by Father Pious Paul from a legacy left to him. He gave to the
Richards Bay Parish a memorial for the benefit of all Catholics in Zululand. After Father Pious several priests ran the parish namely Fathers Alousios, Eugene, Hemmie, Peter Blue,
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The parish priest of
Kwambonambi celebrated Mass twice a month in a private home and, starting in 1973, in the Meerensee Primary School. There were few Catholics in Richards Bay in the beginning, but their number increased steadily with the development of the town. The parish priest of Empangeni took
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as only two months have an average temperature of below 18 °C There are warm wet summers and mild moist to dry frost-free winters. The town has an average annual rainfall of 1228 millimetres (48.3 in). The average annual temperature is 21.5 °C (71 °F), with daytime maxima peaking
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championship for single and double surf ski formats. This was achieved on 17 and 18 September 2011. This race brought in professional and amateur surf ski racers alike from Durban, East London, Port
Elizabeth, Cape Town and Johannesburg. The race was sponsored by Rio Tinto-Richards Bay Minerals and
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Richards Bay hosted the ITU World Cup. ITU Triathlon World Cup was a series of triathlon races organised by the
International Triathlon Union (ITU) for elite-level triathletes. There were twelve races held in twelve countries, each held over a distance of 1500 m swim, 40 km cycle, 10 km
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However, like most of South Africa, the
Richards Bay area is plagued by unemployment and poverty. Unemployment has been estimated at forty per cent and an undefined number of people live below the poverty line. The local government have not made enough efforts to implement projects aimed at poverty
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All three suburbs catered exclusively for whites by the existing laws of Apartheid. A township for blacks was developed at Esikhaweni, fifteen kilometres south of Richards Bay. Residential areas for Indians and coloureds (Brackenham and Aquadene) were opened after 1985 west of Veldenvlei. The three
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The various racial makeups of the seven different suburbs are still along the Apartheid-era segregation lines, with Meerensee a mostly white area, while suburbs such as Brackenham and Aquadene are predominantly Indian/Asian and Ngwelezane home to the black community. However, in recent years there
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at 3.8 per cent. 74.19 per cent of the population is under the age of 34 years, with 2.73 per cent over the age of 65. For every 100 females, there are 93 males. The population density has been estimated to be 526–1,192 persons/km squared. There are 12,433 households in Richards Bay, with 66.4 per
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The influx of people to Richards Bay in the early eighties brought about a marked increase in the number of Catholics. This in turn made it necessary to think of building a proper church. Duvenhage and Fischer, architects from Richards Bay, were approached to submit designs. During this planning
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In 2015 Richards Bay was selected by the governing body of South African surfing, Surfing South Africa (SSA), to host the South African Surf Championships. South Africa's top provincial surfers gathered to compete at Alkantstrand during the week-long event in August. The contest was handled and
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decided to build a deep water harbour at Richards Bay. Construction work began in 1972 and lasted four years. In January 1976, there was a forced removal of local inhabitants of the Mthiyane Zulu clan. On 1 April 1976, the new deep water harbour was opened with a
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The Richards Bay Industrial Development Zone is one of two Industrial Development Zones within the province of KwaZulu-Natal. It is a fully serviced industrial land comprising heavy, medium and light industries linked to the adjacent Port of Richards Bay.
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In 1935 the Richards Bay Game Sanctuary was created to protect the ecology around the lagoon and by 1943 it expanded into Richards Bay Park. The town was laid out on the shores of the lagoon in 1954 and proclaimed a town in 1969.
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22 per cent of the population have completed school only. A further 8.45 per cent have a tertiary education. 16.7 per cent have received no schooling at all. However, this data reflects the uMhlathuze municipality as a whole.
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Apart from the mining industry, tourism is a major part of the economy, with Richards Bay seen as a gateway to Zululand, an area popular with foreign tourists because of its large game parks and the diverse wildlife on offer.
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contains what was once the largest coal export facility in the world, with a planned capacity of 91 million tons per year by the first half of 2009. In 2007 annual throughput was 66.12 million tons. The Australian port of
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Due to its regional airport, its proximity to Durban (3-hour drive) and its status as the gateway to Zululand, Richards Bay was identified as a possible training base for the World Cup. A small stadium aimed at achieving
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paddling, and competing in many races on the KNCU calendar. This is a local club that caters to the Zululand community. the club offers a surf ski school to the community for anyone interested in trying a new
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The Richards Bay area is generally very flat and is situated on a coastal plain. The terrain rises slightly towards the west. The suburbs are all no more than a few metres (around 140m, or 459.3 ft)
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1966:
522:. The new residential area for Richards Bay was developed north of the harbour. Meerensee, started in 1970, was the first suburb. It was followed by Arboretum in 1975, and Veldenvlei in 1980.
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The area experiences high levels of crime with a number of high-profile murders, including that of a ward councillor in 2024. Many crimes are related to procurement and supply chain issues.
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has been a movement towards more integration, with predominantly black people moving into other, traditionally higher-income areas, due to the growing black middle-class in the area.
578:. Local exports include coal, en bananas, aluminium, titanium and other heavy minerals, granite, ferrochrome, paper pulp, wood chips and phosphoric acid. Richards Bay is, alongside
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653:(ANC). The mayor of uMhlathuze was Mr Mduduzi Mhlongo, who so happened to be the Chairperson of the African National Congress in the region. After the 2021 election, the
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suburbs of Richards Bay (excluding the black township of Esikhaweni) had a combined population of about 20,000 in 1990.
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Cycling: The Zululand Cycling Club is active and can be contacted through the Zululand Cycling Facebook page. (ZCC)
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Zululand Observer – locally operated newspaper founded by Mrs Regina Anthony in 1969 – www.zululandobserver.co.za
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1755:"Memories of victims : the historical trajectory of the removal of people from Mandlanzini, South Africa"
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Aniruth, Jayanthi; Barnes, Justin (1998). "Why Richards Bay grew as an industrial centre: Lessons for SDIs".
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accreditation was developed. In late 2009, a Ghana delegation visited the town, raising speculation that the
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is the largest coal-exporting harbour in the world, exporting just over 161 million tonnes of coal in 2016.
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Wrestling: Richards Bay Wrestling Club is one of the top wrestling clubs in the province of KwaZulu-Natal.
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Zululand Kayak Club, Richards Bay, was nominated by Kwazulu Natal Canoe Union (KNCU) to host the yearly
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The history of the Mthiyane people who were removed from Richards Bay to Ntambanana Wednesday day [
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coordinated by the local surf club, uThungulu Surfriders (formerly Zululand Surfriders Association).
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Focus Magazine – a glossy community magazine detailing property and life in and around Richards Bay.
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of 1879. In 1902, Cathcart Methven, the harbour engineer for the Natal Government, in his
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1827:. Port of Newcastle Operations Pty Limited. April 2017. p. 3. Archived from
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recognized the potential of Richards Bay as a new harbour for the eastern shore.
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The town began as a makeshift harbour that was set up by Commodore of the Cape,
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1554:(International and State Defense Police). Monteiro retired to Richards Bay.
645:. However, due to the final floor crossing period and the formation of the
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Surfing: King Cetswayo District Surf Club (formerly uThungulu Surf Riders)
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could base themselves in the town. In May 2010, it was announced that the
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2018:
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would move their base to Richards Bay for the duration of the World Cup.
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destination thanks to consistent winds blowing from the North East.
470:. Richards Bay also has the deepest natural harbour on the African
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and back to procure medicine and supplies for the early settlers.
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smelters, Hillside Aluminum and Bayside Aluminium are operated by
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In 1965, the South African Government under Minister of Transport
1880:"King Cetshwayo District Municipality - South African Government"
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Since municipal boundaries were newly demarcated in 2000, the
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The "John Ross Parkway" (P496) which links Richards Bay to
1933:. South African Weather Service. July 2009. Archived from
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account for 39.98 per cent of the population, followed by
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plant operated by Foskor has been erected at the harbour.
649:, the IFP lost control of the Municipality to the ruling
1705:. Internet Archive. Cape Town : Struik Publishers.
462:. It is situated on a 30 square kilometre lagoon of the
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Populated places in the uMhlathuze Local Municipality
1906:"Violent mafias hold Richards Bay industry to ransom"
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is a water sports organisation, focused on canoe and
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1522:– Olympic bronze medalist in the Women's K-1 500m
1854:"John Ross Highway Phase 3 (N2 – Empangeni, KZN)"
657:regained its power through a coalition with the
641:and other smaller parties, were in power in the
570:are mined from the dunes close to the lagoon by
1688:, South Africa: Empangeni Printers. p. 21.
1630:(Thesis). Dissertation. University of Zululand.
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1365:2006/7/8 Richards Bay BG Triathlon World Cup
2037:King Cetshwayo District within South Africa
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1759:Southern Journal for Contemporary History
1467:Learn how and when to remove this message
832:Climate data for Richards Bay, 1961-1990
767:Learn how and when to remove this message
2192:Populated coastal places in South Africa
1807:Standard Encyclopedia of Southern Africa
1395:2011 South African Surfski Championships
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597:is named after "John Ross" (real name,
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2182:Ports and harbours of the Indian Ocean
1702:The South African family encyclopaedia
1682:The History of Richards Bay 1897-1970s
254:142.78 km (55.13 sq mi)
1779:from the original on 6 November 2020.
1408:2015 South African Surf Championships
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1449:adding citations to reliable sources
788:Max and the incumbent Father Bheki.
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671:King Cetshwayo District Municipality
601:), who at the age of 15 walked from
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29:Place in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
804:Richards Bay is characterised by a
1975:Municipalities and communities of
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53:Richard's Bay Northern Breakwater
1810:. Internet Archive. p. 343.
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637:(IFP), in a coalition with the
41:Mhlathuze Lagoon (former name)
1:
1772:10.18820/24150509/SJCH44.v2.4
1620:Ntuli, Sihle Herbert (1998).
518:pipeline linking the port to
1931:"Climate data: Richards Bay"
1542:Lindokuhle "Linda" Mkhwanazi
808:that very closely borders a
1904:Ardé, Greg (3 March 2024).
1753:Ntul, Hebert Sihle (2020).
1728:Development Southern Africa
1627:Tuesday] 6 January 1976
1305:Average precipitation days
1091:Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
951:Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
673:, which is also led by the
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1537:Rugby union match official
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831:
541:Newcastle, New South Wales
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1987:
1822:"The Channel Autumn 2017"
1804:Potgieter, D. J. (1973).
1740:10.1080/03768359808440052
1649:"Main Place Richards Bay"
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806:humid subtropical climate
651:African National Congress
275:400/km (1,000/sq mi)
154:
85:Show map of KwaZulu-Natal
58:
46:
810:tropical savanna climate
665:becoming the new Mayor.
659:Democratic Alliance (DA)
639:Democratic Alliance (DA)
115:Show map of South Africa
2187:Lagoons of South Africa
1566:Miss Supranational 2022
1509:club based in the city.
621:Government and politics
564:rutile (titanium oxide)
484:Sir Markus Eugene Brown
2038:
1791:"Port of Richards Bay"
1667:"Port of Richards Bay"
1562:Miss South Africa 2021
700:at 19.16 per cent and
681:is the current mayor.
667:uMhlatuze Municipality
647:National Freedom Party
643:uMhlatuze Municipality
630:
599:Charles Rawden Maclean
451:
2036:
1699:Joyce, Peter (1989).
1680:Cubbin, Tony (1997).
1389:Nigeria football team
800:Geography and climate
675:Inkatha Freedom Party
655:Inkatha Freedom Party
635:Inkatha Freedom Party
628:
572:Richards Bay Minerals
174:28.76944°S 32.05944°E
1607:Notes and references
1601:Richards Bay Airport
1596:Port of Richards Bay
1445:improve this article
881:Record high °C (°F)
745:improve this article
536:Port of Richards Bay
492:Zululand Port Survey
280:Racial makeup (2022)
272: • Density
1482:Zululand Kayak Club
1385:Ghana football team
1374:2010 FIFA World Cup
1161:Record low °C (°F)
1021:Daily mean °C (°F)
696:at 37.05 per cent,
179:-28.76944; 32.05944
170: /
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1527:2012 Olympic games
631:
629:Alkantstrand Beach
382: • Other
333: • Other
264: • Total
251: • Total
145:Show map of Africa
18:Richard's Bay
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1712:978-0-86977-887-6
1548:Casimiro Monteiro
1520:Bridgitte Hartley
1503:Richards Bay F.C.
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1910:Daily Maverick
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1515:
1514:Notable people
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948:
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927:
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902:
897:
892:
887:
882:
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874:
871:
868:
865:
862:
859:
856:
853:
850:
847:
844:
841:
838:
834:
833:
827:
801:
798:
793:
790:
775:
774:
733:
731:
724:
718:
715:
694:black Africans
686:
683:
622:
619:
574:, part of the
531:
528:
488:Anglo-Zulu War
479:
476:
464:Mhlatuze River
439:
438:
435:
429:
428:
425:
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416:
413:
411:
404:
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261:
260:
256:
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243:
242:
239:
235:
234:
229:
223:
222:
220:King Cetshwayo
217:
211:
210:
205:
199:
198:
193:
187:
186:
152:
151:
138:
137:
130:
129:
123:
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108:
107:
100:
99:
93:
92:
91:
90:
78:
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69:
63:
62:
61:
60:
59:
56:
55:
52:
44:
43:
38:
35:
28:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2204:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
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2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2169:
2167:
2152:
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2144:
2140:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2125:
2123:
2121:
2117:
2111:
2108:
2107:
2105:
2103:
2099:
2093:
2090:
2089:
2087:
2085:
2081:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2051:
2049:
2047:
2043:
2035:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2006:
2004:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1993:
1986:
1982:
1981:KwaZulu-Natal
1978:
1970:
1965:
1963:
1958:
1956:
1951:
1950:
1947:
1936:
1932:
1926:
1923:
1911:
1907:
1900:
1897:
1885:
1881:
1875:
1872:
1860:. 1 July 2009
1859:
1855:
1849:
1846:
1830:
1823:
1817:
1814:
1809:
1808:
1800:
1797:
1792:
1786:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1749:
1746:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1722:
1719:
1714:
1708:
1704:
1703:
1695:
1692:
1687:
1683:
1676:
1673:
1668:
1662:
1659:
1654:
1650:
1644:
1642:
1640:
1638:
1634:
1629:
1628:
1624:
1616:
1613:
1606:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1582:
1579:
1576:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1558:Lalela Mswane
1556:
1553:
1549:
1546:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1534:
1533:Marius Jonker
1531:
1528:
1525:
1521:
1518:
1517:
1513:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1497:
1494:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1478:
1471:
1468:
1460:
1450:
1446:
1440:
1439:
1434:This section
1432:
1428:
1423:
1422:
1417:Organizations
1416:
1414:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1394:
1392:
1390:
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1382:
1373:
1371:
1364:
1359:
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1337:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1319:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1307:
1303:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1234:
1233:precipitation
1229:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1159:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1089:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1019:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
983:
978:
973:
968:
963:
958:
953:
949:
943:
938:
933:
928:
923:
918:
913:
908:
903:
898:
893:
888:
883:
879:
835:
830:
826:
824:
818:
816:
811:
807:
799:
797:
791:
789:
785:
781:
771:
768:
760:
750:
746:
740:
739:
734:This section
732:
728:
723:
722:
716:
714:
710:
706:
703:
699:
695:
691:
684:
682:
680:
676:
672:
669:is under the
668:
664:
663:Xolani Ngwezi
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
627:
620:
618:
614:
610:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
587:
583:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
544:
542:
537:
529:
527:
523:
521:
517:
513:
509:
504:
499:
495:
493:
489:
486:, during the
485:
477:
475:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
456:KwaZulu-Natal
453:
449:
445:
436:
434:
424:
422:
412:
409:
401:
397:
394:
392:
384:
376:
374:
371: •
365:
363:
360: •
354:
352:
349: •
343:
335:
327:
325:
322: •
316:
314:
310:
307: •
301:
299:
296: •
290:
288:
287:Black African
285: •
274:
266:
253:
240:
233:
230:
228:
221:
218:
216:
209:
208:KwaZulu-Natal
206:
204:
197:
194:
192:
183:
155:Coordinates:
127:
97:
67:
50:
33:
27:
19:
2172:Richards Bay
2024:Richards Bay
2023:
1992:Richards Bay
1991:
1990:
1935:the original
1925:
1913:. Retrieved
1909:
1899:
1889:29 September
1887:. Retrieved
1883:
1874:
1862:. Retrieved
1857:
1848:
1836:. Retrieved
1829:the original
1816:
1806:
1799:
1785:
1762:
1758:
1748:
1731:
1727:
1721:
1701:
1694:
1681:
1675:
1661:
1652:
1626:
1622:
1615:
1583:
1481:
1463:
1454:
1443:Please help
1438:verification
1435:
1411:
1398:
1377:
1368:
1235:mm (inches)
819:
803:
795:
786:
782:
778:
763:
754:
743:Please help
738:verification
735:
711:
707:
690:White people
688:
685:Demographics
632:
615:
611:
588:
584:
545:
533:
524:
520:Johannesburg
503:Ben Schoeman
500:
496:
491:
481:
460:South Africa
452:Richardsbaai
444:Richards Bay
443:
442:
227:Municipality
196:South Africa
139:Richards Bay
109:Richards Bay
79:Richards Bay
39:Richardsbaai
36:Richards Bay
26:
2143:Mthonjaneni
2133:Heatonville
2110:KwaMbonambi
2069:Mbongolwane
2064:Gingindlovu
1858:Acer Africa
1653:Census 2011
1572:Local media
815:kitesurfing
717:Catholicism
586:reduction.
408:Postal code
238:Established
177: /
2166:Categories
2120:Ntambanana
2014:eSikhawini
2001:uMhlathuze
1884:www.gov.za
1501:Football:
1351:Weather SA
757:March 2024
603:Port Natal
595:N2 highway
580:Rustenburg
556:fertiliser
259:Population
232:uMhlathuze
165:32°03′34″E
162:28°46′10″S
2128:Bhucanana
2054:aMatikulu
2009:eMpangeni
1686:Empangeni
1590:Transport
1457:July 2023
702:coloureds
591:Empangeni
548:aluminium
472:continent
448:Afrikaans
433:Area code
391:Time zone
373:Afrikaans
2102:Mbonambi
2074:Mtunzini
2046:uMlalazi
2019:Felixton
1838:27 April
1777:Archived
1524:Canoeing
1507:football
1401:surf ski
1349:Source:
1231:Average
677:, where
593:and the
560:Iron ore
468:harbours
410:(street)
298:Coloured
215:District
203:Province
2151:Melmoth
2092:Nkandla
2084:Nkandla
1915:5 March
1864:20 June
1584:1KZN TV
1486:surfski
1300:(48.4)
1086:(71.1)
1081:(76.1)
1066:(68.9)
1056:(63.5)
1051:(63.5)
1041:(72.5)
1036:(76.1)
552:South32
530:Economy
510:and an
508:railway
478:History
362:English
191:Country
2059:eShowe
1709:
1564:&
1489:sport.
1360:Sports
1295:(3.4)
1290:(4.5)
1285:(4.1)
1280:(3.0)
1275:(2.6)
1270:(2.4)
1265:(2.2)
1260:(4.3)
1255:(4.3)
1250:(4.2)
1245:(6.6)
1240:(6.8)
946:(109)
941:(108)
936:(109)
931:(108)
926:(104)
896:(102)
891:(102)
886:(106)
837:Month
607:Maputo
568:zircon
421:PO box
344:(2022)
309:Indian
267:57,387
1832:(PDF)
1825:(PDF)
1765:(2).
1505:is a
1298:1,228
1226:(39)
1221:(55)
1216:(52)
1211:(50)
1206:(43)
1201:(41)
1196:(39)
1191:(43)
1186:(45)
1181:(46)
1176:(57)
1171:(55)
1166:(52)
1156:(63)
1151:(68)
1146:(66)
1141:(63)
1136:(61)
1131:(57)
1126:(54)
1121:(54)
1116:(59)
1111:(64)
1106:(68)
1101:(70)
1096:(70)
1076:(73)
1071:(70)
1061:(66)
1046:(70)
1031:(77)
1026:(77)
1016:(79)
1011:(84)
1006:(81)
1001:(77)
996:(77)
991:(75)
986:(73)
981:(73)
976:(77)
971:(81)
966:(84)
961:(84)
956:(84)
921:(99)
916:(88)
911:(95)
906:(95)
901:(99)
876:Year
792:Crime
661:with
396:UTC+2
377:31.5%
366:33.8%
355:38.6%
328:31.1%
324:White
317:19.2%
313:Asian
291:38.0%
1917:2024
1891:2023
1866:2010
1840:2017
1707:ISBN
1552:PIDE
1381:FIFA
1344:113
1084:21.8
1079:24.5
1064:20.5
1054:17.5
1049:17.5
1039:22.5
1034:24.5
873:Dec
870:Nov
867:Oct
864:Sep
861:Aug
858:Jul
855:Jun
852:May
849:Apr
846:Mar
843:Feb
840:Jan
566:and
554:. A
546:Two
534:The
426:3900
414:3900
400:SAST
385:2.1%
351:Zulu
336:0.4%
302:8.2%
246:Area
241:1969
1767:doi
1736:doi
1625:sic
1447:by
1341:11
1338:13
1335:12
1314:10
1311:12
1308:12
1288:114
1283:105
1258:109
1253:109
1248:107
1243:167
1238:172
747:by
605:to
516:gas
512:oil
437:035
2168::
1979:,
1908:.
1882:.
1856:.
1775:.
1763:44
1761:.
1757:.
1732:15
1730:.
1684:.
1651:.
1636:^
1560:–
1332:9
1329:7
1326:6
1323:6
1320:7
1317:8
1293:86
1278:77
1273:65
1268:60
1263:57
1219:13
1214:11
1209:10
1174:14
1169:13
1164:11
1154:17
1149:20
1144:19
1139:17
1134:16
1129:14
1124:12
1119:12
1114:15
1109:18
1104:20
1099:21
1094:21
1074:23
1069:21
1059:19
1044:21
1029:25
1024:25
1014:26
1009:29
1004:27
999:25
994:25
989:24
984:23
979:23
974:25
969:27
964:29
959:29
954:29
944:43
939:42
934:43
929:42
924:40
919:37
914:31
909:35
904:35
899:37
894:39
889:39
884:41
562:,
474:.
458:,
450::
1968:e
1961:t
1954:v
1919:.
1893:.
1868:.
1842:.
1793:.
1769::
1742:.
1738::
1715:.
1669:.
1655:.
1470:)
1464:(
1459:)
1455:(
1441:.
1224:4
1204:6
1199:5
1194:4
1189:6
1184:7
1179:8
770:)
764:(
759:)
755:(
741:.
514:/
446:(
402:)
398:(
311:/
20:)
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