237:
outside. It was turned over to one of these men. His armband said "Squad Leader". He shouted, and I understood that I was also to pick up clothing, bundle it, and take it somewhere. As I worked, I asked him: "What's going on? Where are the ones who stripped?" And he replied: "Dead! All Dead!" But it still hadn't sunk in, I didn't believe it. He'd used the
Yiddish word. It was the first time I'd had heard Yiddish spoken. He didn’t say it very loud, and I saw he had tears in his eyes. Suddenly, he started shouting, and raised his whip. Out of the corner of my eye I saw an
31:
167:
in June 1939. He was originally enrolled as a philosophy student, but anti-Jewish legislation after the German occupation forced him into a course reading economics. His entire family had the chance to move to
England at Christmas in 1938, when his stepfather obtained a permit. His stepfather did not
133:
on May 17, 1942. Adolf went in
October 1939 to Denmark with the Youth Aliyah organization, escaped in October 1943 to Sweden (Denmark was occupied by Nazi Germany 1940-45). In 1944-45 he served as a volunteer in the Free Czechoslovak Army in UK & France, and was later awarded the Czechoslovakian
236:
We were taken to a barracks. The whole place stank. Piled about five feet high in a jumbled mass, were all the things people could conceivably have brought. Clothes, suitcases, everything stacked in a solid mass. On top of it, jumping around like demons, people were making bundles and carrying them
290:
broke out, and many inmates either died, were hospitalized, or were too sick to participate. The escape that actually worked was less violent and ambitious: on August 2, 1943, men broke out through a damaged gate during a prisoner's revolt. Most of the escapees were arrested close to the camp, but
249:
disguised as communal showers; exhaust gas was pumped in instead of water. Glazar was instead selected for forced labor along with a friend, Karel Unger. He described in his book the packing of victims' clothes for shipment to
Germany, and how the gold from teeth was extracted and, together with
171:
On
November 17, 1939, all Czech universities were closed until the end of the war, following student demonstrations against the execution of a number of their fellow students. This act would have been one of the Glazar family's first warnings of the horrific events to follow, and fearing for his
281:
It was this knowledge that drove them to try to escape. The first escape attempt was planned for
January 1943 and was code-named "The Hour". The idea was that at a specified time, all those working for the camp would attack the SS and Ukrainian guards, steal their weapons, and attack the camp
326:
Glazar helped
Michael Peters, the founder of the Aktion Reinhard Camps (a network of private Holocaust researchers), build a model of Treblinka. Glazar committed suicide on December 20, 1997, by jumping out of a window in Prague after the death of his wife, leaving the model unfinished.
155:, and was the only member of his family left when he returned to Prague in 1945. His stepbrother Adolf Dasha Bergmann also survived after having served in the Czechoslovak army in France and was in Prague, when Richard returned to Prague in 1945.
180:, located 35 miles north of Prague). Following the German occupation of the rest of Czechoslovakia on March 15, 1939, Theresienstadt became a holding area for transports to other concentration camps, such as
598:
134:
War Cross. He later earned the degree of B.Sc. in dairy technology at the
Agriculture University of Denmark. Richard and Adolf met after WWII and continued to have contact until the end of Richard's life.
1161:
314:. Glazar also went on to study in Prague, Paris and London, and received a degree in economics. In 1968 he and his family moved to Switzerland after the invasion of Czechoslovakia by the armies of the
129:
before independence. His parents divorced in 1932, and his mother married a wealthy leather merchant, Quido
Bergmann, who already had two children, Karel and Adolf. Karel died in the Austrian
849:
187:
In
Terezin, Glazar met Karel Unger, who became a close friend. Glazar was to stay in Terezin for only one month, before he and Unger were transported to Treblinka on October 8, 1942.
172:
safety, his family sent him to a farm outside Prague in 1940. Glazar stayed there for two years. On September 12, 1942, he was transported to the Nazi concentration camp or ghetto at
576:
1166:
310:
Following the end of the war, when Glazar and Unger were liberated by the Americans, Glazar attended the trials of many of the Nazis associated with Treblinka, including
1171:
569:
105:. One of a small group of survivors of the camp's prisoner revolt in August 1943, Glazar described his experiences in an autobiographical book,
562:
815:
130:
1186:
549:
1156:
152:
30:
449:
278:
had virtually no food, which made the Jewish inmates realize that their lives depended on the transports arriving regularly.
1191:
1108:
222:
1176:
1098:
585:
164:
94:
1113:
336:
147:
of occupied Poland; some 1,100 Czech Jews had been deported there by the Nazis in 1939. Glazar's mother survived both
1118:
907:
783:
722:
294:
While on the run, they were arrested by a forester, but managed to convince him that they were Czechs working for "
1103:
627:
748:
1028:
872:
694:
617:
241:
man coming. And I understood that I was to ask no more questions, but just to rush outside with the package.
1151:
622:
594:
126:
1007:
135:
168:
take this opportunity, as he did not want to leave behind all that he had built up in Czechoslovakia.
1181:
1146:
778:
717:
357:
195:
Glazar wrote his story down after the war, and had part of it published in 1967 in a Czech magazine,
521:
857:
271:
1023:
937:
877:
250:
coins and jewelry, added to the German loot. Food brought by the victims helped sustain both the
246:
144:
1002:
892:
753:
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658:
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440:
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140:
1068:
862:
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632:
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435:
200:
98:
768:
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Glazar's father died of pneumonia in the Soviet Union, to which he had escaped from the
125:, to a Jewish-Bohemian family who spoke both Czech and German. His father served in the
992:
982:
942:
897:
887:
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798:
648:
173:
122:
58:
1140:
987:
977:
972:
922:
917:
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902:
743:
298:" (a Nazi construction and engineering group in Poland). Both men were later sent to
267:
238:
210:
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in Germany, to work for Heinrich Lanz as immigrant workers, using falsified papers.
927:
311:
283:
205:
407:
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in January 1943, in February and March 1943 no transports came into the camp. The
788:
773:
758:
738:
315:
554:
882:
838:
255:
181:
148:
102:
81:
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93:(November 29, 1920 – December 20, 1997) was a Czech-Jewish inmate of the
177:
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Glazar and Unger fled from the area and made their way across Poland.
287:
118:
54:
245:
New arrivals at Treblinka were ordered to strip, then herded into
558:
500:
A Holocaust Controversy: The Treblinka Affair in Postwar France
258:, along with inmates who would steal it at the unloading ramp.
388:, Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 1995, viii–viii.
251:
441:
Shoah: The Complete Text of the Acclaimed Holocaust Film.
16:
Czech-Jewish Holocaust survivor and memoirist (1920–1997)
380:
378:
215:
Die Falle mit dem grünen Zaun: Überleben in Treblinka
1040:
1016:
951:
848:
807:
731:
708:
682:
641:
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209:(1985). When Glazar moved to Switzerland after the
77:
65:
43:
21:
1162:Recipients of the Order of Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk
550:Model of Treblinka on the Hebrew Knowledge (XXG)
213:, his memoir was published in full in German as
467:Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team
234:
35:Richard Glazar on the cover of his book titled
494:
492:
386:Trap with a Green Fence: Survival in Treblinka
384:Wolfgang Benz, "Foreword", in Richard Glazar,
219:Trap with a Green Fence: Survival in Treblinka
107:Trap with a Green Fence: Survival in Treblinka
570:
502:, University of New England Press, 2005, 137.
232:, Glazar described his arrival at Treblinka:
8:
402:
400:
398:
396:
394:
577:
563:
555:
286:. Unfortunately, this did not proceed, as
18:
1167:Suicides by jumping in the Czech Republic
526:Steven Spielberg Film and Video Archive
348:
1172:Treblinka extermination camp survivors
444:New York: Perseus Books Group, p. 38.
431:
429:
7:
463:"Richard Glazar: Treblinka Recalled"
84:survivor, author of Treblinka memoir
131:Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camp
176:(previously the fortified town of
14:
217:(1992). An English translation,
199:. In 1979 he was interviewed by
117:Glazar (Goldschmid) was born in
29:
663:1 September 1942 to August 1943
599:List of individuals responsible
266:After the big transports from
1:
408:"Richard Glazar (Goldschmid)"
358:"Richard Glazar (Goldschmid)"
223:Northwestern University Press
163:Glazar was accepted into the
586:Treblinka extermination camp
165:Charles University in Prague
95:Treblinka extermination camp
337:List of Holocaust survivors
221:, was published in 1995 by
69:December 20, 1997 (aged 77)
1208:
522:"Richard Glazar—Treblinka"
1187:Charles University alumni
1077:
653:11 July to 26 August 1942
628:Richard Wolfgang Thomalla
592:
356:Geni (29 November 1920).
28:
749:Erich Fritz Erhard Fuchs
1157:20th-century Czech Jews
695:Heinrich Arthur Matthes
673:August to November 1943
37:Trap with a Green Fence
243:
99:German-occupied Poland
1058:The Hell of Treblinka
623:Erwin Hermann Lambert
412:Aktion Reinhard Camps
127:Austro-Hungarian Army
113:Early life and family
1192:Jewish Czech writers
908:Henryka Łazowertówna
779:August Wilhelm Miete
618:Hermann Julius Höfle
203:for the documentary
197:Mezinárodní politika
1177:Czechoslovak people
1086:Numbering 90 to 120
48:Richard Goldschmied
1099:Auschwitz-Birkenau
1024:General Government
1017:Nazi organizations
1008:Franciszek Ząbecki
938:Zygmunt Zalcwasser
878:Samuel Finkelstein
306:Life after the war
145:General Government
1134:
1133:
1031:Totenkopfverbände
1003:Samuel Willenberg
893:Stefanie Horovitz
873:Julian Chorążycki
850:Prominent victims
816:Ivan the Terrible
754:Lorenz Hackenholt
718:Gustav Münzberger
690:Theodor van Eupen
669:Kurt Hubert Franz
659:Franz Paul Stangl
414:. August 17, 2005
296:Organisation Todt
272:Białystok Ghettos
141:Nisko reservation
88:
87:
51:November 29, 1920
1199:
1097:
1069:Treblinka trials
863:Yitzchok Breiter
833:Nikolay Shalayev
828:Feodor Fedorenko
764:Josef Hirtreiter
579:
572:
565:
556:
537:
536:
534:
532:
518:
512:
511:Glazar 1995, 91.
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503:
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453:
433:
424:
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389:
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256:Ukrainian guards
33:
19:
1207:
1206:
1202:
1201:
1200:
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1197:
1196:
1137:
1136:
1135:
1130:
1129:
1128:
1095:
1090:
1089:
1073:
1063:Vasily Grossman
1050:
1036:
1012:
998:Jankiel Wiernik
961:
947:
933:Symche Trachter
844:
803:
794:Ernst Stengelin
727:
710:
704:
678:
637:
633:Christian Wirth
613:Odilo Globocnik
606:Camp organizers
601:
588:
583:
546:
541:
540:
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520:
519:
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510:
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436:Claude Lanzmann
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201:Claude Lanzmann
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52:
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24:
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12:
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1038:
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1034:
1026:
1020:
1018:
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1011:
1010:
1005:
1000:
995:
993:Kalman Taigman
990:
985:
983:Samuel Rajzman
980:
975:
970:
968:Richard Glazar
964:
962:
960:
959:
956:
952:
949:
948:
946:
945:
943:Lidia Zamenhof
940:
935:
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905:
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898:Janusz Korczak
895:
890:
888:Ludwik Holcman
885:
880:
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868:Amalia Carneri
865:
860:
854:
852:
846:
845:
843:
842:
835:
830:
825:
822:John Demjanjuk
819:
811:
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801:
799:Franz Suchomel
796:
791:
786:
781:
776:
771:
766:
761:
756:
751:
746:
741:
735:
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732:Other officers
729:
728:
726:
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720:
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706:
705:
703:
702:
700:Karl Pötzinger
697:
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686:
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649:Irmfried Eberl
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486:Benz 1995, ix.
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347:
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276:Sonderkommando
263:
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192:
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174:Theresienstadt
160:
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123:Czechoslovakia
114:
111:
91:Richard Glazar
86:
85:
79:
78:Known for
75:
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71:
67:
63:
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59:Czechoslovakia
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47:
45:
41:
40:
34:
26:
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23:Richard Glazar
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13:
10:
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6:
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2:
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1152:1997 suicides
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1120:
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988:Chaim Sztajer
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978:Chil Rajchman
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973:David Milgrom
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929:
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923:Simon Pullman
921:
919:
918:Yitzchak Lowy
916:
914:
913:Yechiel Lerer
911:
909:
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904:
903:Berek Lajcher
901:
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744:Herbert Floss
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730:
724:
723:Fritz Schmidt
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498:Samuel Moyn,
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211:Prague Spring
208:
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153:Bergen-Belsen
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83:
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68:
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60:
56:
46:
42:
38:
32:
27:
20:
1123:
1096:Death camps:
1056:
1030:
967:
928:Natan Spigel
769:Kurt Küttner
711:executioners
529:. Retrieved
525:
516:
507:
499:
482:
470:. Retrieved
466:
457:
439:
416:. Retrieved
411:
385:
365:. Retrieved
361:
351:
325:
312:Franz Stangl
309:
293:
284:Kommandantur
280:
275:
265:
247:gas chambers
244:
235:
229:
227:
218:
214:
204:
196:
194:
186:
170:
162:
138:
116:
106:
90:
89:
36:
1182:1997 deaths
1147:1920 births
858:Ernst Arndt
789:Otto Stadie
774:Willi Mentz
759:Hans Hingst
739:Paul Bredow
709:Gas chamber
316:Warsaw Pact
101:during the
1141:Categories
955:Resistance
883:Artur Gold
784:Max Möller
642:Commandant
531:August 14,
472:August 14,
450:0306806657
418:August 14,
343:References
262:The revolt
1124:Treblinka
1047:Memorials
1044:Aftermath
958:Survivors
839:Trawnikis
191:Treblinka
182:Auschwitz
159:Education
149:Auschwitz
103:Holocaust
82:Treblinka
1114:Majdanek
683:Deputies
595:Timeline
544:See also
438:(1995),
331:See also
300:Mannheim
254:and the
109:(1992).
1119:Sobibor
1109:Chełmno
1083:Alleged
841:"
367:31 July
178:Terezin
143:in the
1104:Belzec
824:
808:Guards
448:
288:typhus
268:Grodno
119:Prague
72:Prague
55:Prague
322:Death
230:Shoah
206:Shoah
597:and
533:2015
474:2015
446:ISBN
420:2015
369:2022
362:Geni
270:and
151:and
66:Died
44:Born
1029:SS-
228:In
97:in
1143::
524:.
491:^
465:.
428:^
410:.
393:^
377:^
360:.
318:.
252:SS
239:SS
225:.
184:.
121:,
57:,
1065:)
1061:(
837:"
818:"
814:"
578:e
571:t
564:v
535:.
476:.
452:.
422:.
371:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
