95:
282:
364:
37:
84:
375:
Rumbold remained politically active after the
Restoration, and was prominent within radical circles, many of whom were also Baptists and New Model veterans. They included former Agitators Abraham Holmes and John Harris, who were also present at Charles' execution, Rumbold's cousin John Gladman, and
419:
in March 1683. Rumbold was reportedly given the task of killing
Charles, although there is considerable debate as to how serious it was, or what its objectives were. In his speech from the scaffold in 1685, Rumbold denied any intention of murdering the king, but after warrants for his arrest were
505:
He wrote, "...All eyes are opened or opening to the rights of man. The general spread of the light of science has already laid open to every view the palpable truth, that the mass of mankind has not been born with saddles on their backs, nor a favored few, booted and spurred, ready to ride them
476:
This is a deluded generation, veiled in ignorance, that though popery and slavery be riding in upon them, do not perceive it; though I am sure that there was no man born marked by God above another; for none comes into this world with a saddle on his back, neither any booted and spurred to ride
462:
failed to attract significant support, and was fatally compromised by divisions among the rebel leadership, Rumbold being one of the few to emerge with any credit. After Argyll was captured on 18 June, the others were ordered to disperse; intercepted by militia on the night of 20/21 June near
339:
viewed the
Agitators with great hostility, especially after their role in organising the so-called Leveller mutinies in April and May. Rumbold seems to have withdrawn from the group, as his name does not appear on the version of the petition printed by the Levellers, and was rewarded with a
467:, Rumbold killed one assailant, wounded another two, and was captured only when his horse was shot from under him. Brought to Edinburgh seriously wounded, he was tried, convicted of treason on 26th and executed the same day, allegedly to ensure he did not die of his wounds first.
439:, exiled for his involvement in the Rye House Plot. Preparations for a rising became more urgent with the accession of James after the death of Charles in February 1685, and the two agreed to work together. To ensure co-ordination, a leading Scots exile,
486:; 'Children of kings are born with crowns upon their heads, and the people with saddles upon their backs.' Rumbold's own words would themselves be quoted in 1787 during discussions on the definition of treason at the
470:
Ayloffe was executed later that year in London along with
Nelthorpe, who served with Monmouth, as did William Rumbold, pardoned in 1688 for his participation. Rumbold made his own defiant declaration on the scaffold:
954:
226:
His speech from the scaffold included the statement "none comes into the world with a saddle on his back, neither any booted and spurred to ride him." These words were quoted during the
924:
309:
when it was set up in 1645. At some point, Rumbold lost an eye, though it is unclear if this was a battle injury, and as a result was known to his friends as
949:
487:
227:
747:
Following the
Levellers, Volume Two: English Political and Religious Radicals from the Commonwealth to the Glorious Revolution, 1649-1688: Volume 2
432:
934:
939:
895:
876:
773:
754:
447:
502:
491:
944:
823:
720:
929:
857:
436:
401:
302:
286:
177:
136:
440:
219:, an unsuccessful attempt to drive James from the throne. Captured after being badly wounded, he was executed at
266:
41:
345:
341:
290:
251:
141:
99:
17:
281:
247:
58:
389:
385:
204:
669:
Adair, Douglass (1952). "Rumbold's Dying Speech, 1685, and
Jefferson's Last Words on Democracy, 1826".
919:
914:
322:
185:
699:
381:
368:
349:
330:
242:
Little is known of
Rumbold's background, except that he was born in 1622, and his family came from
208:
144:
809:
686:
416:
411:. Named after Rumbold's home, the plan was to ambush Charles and his brother as they returned to
357:
258:
193:
83:
766:
Historical
Observes of Memorable Occurrents in Church and State, From October 1680 to April 1686
459:
356:
in
Cromwell's Regiment of Horse. He was dismissed from the army with the rank of captain at the
216:
170:
149:
891:
872:
853:
769:
750:
397:
828:
801:
725:
678:
498:
377:
231:
336:
317:, a sect particularly prominent in the New Model, and closely associated with the radical
45:
421:
408:
363:
306:
212:
200:
181:
166:
36:
908:
376:
his brother
William. This group was closely involved in the 1679 to 1681 campaign to
243:
451:
393:
840:
737:
785:
A Complete Collection of State Trials and Proceedings for High Treason; Volume IX
832:
729:
805:
464:
353:
326:
298:
270:
220:
162:
88:
71:
446:
501:
also borrowed from Rumbold's speech in his letter of 24 June 1826 to the
388:. They helped organise the 1680 'Great Petition' demanding the recall of
318:
314:
310:
813:
690:
428:
262:
189:
117:
199:
Closely involved with radical politics, he was implicated in the 1683
412:
682:
482:
This echoed words published thirty-seven years earlier by Harris in
443:
accompanied Monmouth, while Rumbold and Ayloffe went with Argyll.
445:
362:
280:
367:
Rumbold was closely involved in attempts to exclude the Catholic
435:, convicted of treason in 1681, and Charles' illegitimate son,
165:
soldier and political radical, exiled for his role in the 1683
321:
movement. He claimed to have been present at the execution of
44:, Rumbold's residence from 1660 to 1683; 1793 watercolour by
955:
Parliamentarian military personnel of the English Civil War
325:, and in February 1649 was one of those who petitioned for
888:
Forlorn Hope: Soldier Radicals of the Seventeenth Century
792:
Knights, Mark (1993). "1680: London's Monster Petition".
564:
562:
273:. There is no record of any children from this marriage.
525:
523:
521:
519:
131:
123:
113:
105:
77:
65:
52:
27:
184:, and was one of the guards at the execution of
473:
454:, also executed for his role in Argyll's Rising
192:before being dismissed from the army after the
169:and later executed for taking part in the 1685
250:. He had a brother, William, who took part in
821:Marshall, Alan (2005). "Rye House Plotters".
427:Here he joined other exiled opponents of the
211:. After it was discovered, he escaped to the
8:
827:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
724:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
604:
718:Clifton, Robin (2004). "Rumbold, Richard".
652:
35:
24:
592:
568:
407:All of the above were implicated in the
261:in 1660, he married a widow who owned a
188:in January 1649. He reached the rank of
824:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
721:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
580:
553:
541:
529:
515:
301:army in 1642 and served throughout the
616:
433:Archibald Campbell, 9th Earl of Argyll
925:Military personnel from Hertfordshire
640:
392:, signed by 18,000 people, including
7:
628:
69:26 June 1685 (aged 62–63)
950:17th-century executions by Scotland
506:legitimately by the grace of God."
768:(2019 ed.). Wentworth Press.
420:issued in June, he escaped to the
352:; when it ended in 1651, he was a
257:Dismissed from the army following
234:shortly before his death in 1826.
16:For the Member of Parliament, see
14:
492:Constitution of the United States
203:, an alleged plan to assassinate
93:
82:
671:The William and Mary Quarterly
344:, he fought at the battles of
285:Rumbold fought throughout the
1:
890:. Book Guild Publishing Ltd.
764:Fountainhall, Lauder (1840).
437:James Scott, Duke of Monmouth
215:, then took part in the 1685
935:People of the Rye House Plot
841:UK public library membership
738:UK public library membership
384:from succeeding his brother
228:US Constitutional Convention
940:Executed military personnel
497:Ten days before his death,
971:
886:Southern, Antonia (2001).
848:McCullough, David (2001).
441:Andrew Fletcher of Saltoun
431:. The most prominent were
329:to be re-appointed to the
303:Wars of the Three Kingdoms
287:Wars of the Three Kingdoms
254:but was pardoned in 1688.
178:Wars of the Three Kingdoms
137:Wars of the Three Kingdoms
15:
806:10.1017/S0018246X00016101
503:Mayor of Washington, D.C.
34:
852:. Simon & Schuster.
745:De Krey, Gary S (2018).
267:Rye House, Hertfordshire
42:Rye House, Hertfordshire
945:Executed English people
869:The Leveller Revolution
783:Howell, Thomas (1816).
700:"The Leveller Mutinies"
342:Third English Civil War
340:commission. During the
18:William Richard Rumbold
833:10.1093/ref:odnb/93794
794:The Historical Journal
749:. Palgrave Macmillan.
730:10.1093/ref:odnb/24269
480:
455:
372:
294:
59:Royston, Hertfordshire
930:English army officers
450:Playing card showing
449:
366:
284:
205:Charles II of England
106:Years of service
252:Monmouth's Rebellion
186:Charles I of England
867:Rees, John (2016).
655:, pp. 644–645.
127:Cromwell's Regiment
484:Mecurius Militaris
456:
373:
295:
265:business based at
161:(1622–1685) was a
839:(Subscription or
736:(Subscription or
605:Fountainhall 1840
583:, pp. 53–54.
490:that drew up the
398:Richard Nelthorpe
293:in September 1650
223:on 26 June 1685.
156:
155:
962:
901:
882:
863:
844:
836:
817:
788:
779:
760:
741:
733:
714:
712:
710:
694:
656:
650:
644:
638:
632:
626:
620:
614:
608:
602:
596:
590:
584:
578:
572:
566:
557:
551:
545:
539:
533:
527:
499:Thomas Jefferson
358:1660 Restoration
313:. Rumbold was a
232:Thomas Jefferson
230:in 1787, and by
207:and his brother
194:1660 Restoration
180:, he joined the
98:
97:
96:
87:
86:
39:
25:
970:
969:
965:
964:
963:
961:
960:
959:
905:
904:
898:
885:
879:
866:
860:
847:
838:
820:
791:
782:
776:
763:
757:
744:
735:
717:
708:
706:
697:
683:10.2307/1923756
668:
665:
660:
659:
653:McCullough 2001
651:
647:
639:
635:
627:
623:
615:
611:
603:
599:
591:
587:
579:
575:
567:
560:
552:
548:
540:
536:
528:
517:
512:
460:Argyll's Rising
458:Unfortunately,
402:Robert Ferguson
371:from the throne
337:Oliver Cromwell
299:Parliamentarian
279:
259:The Restoration
240:
217:Argyll's Rising
171:Argyll's Rising
163:Parliamentarian
159:Richard Rumbold
150:Argyll's Rising
147:
140:
94:
92:
91:
89:Parliamentarian
81:
70:
57:
48:
46:J. M. W. Turner
30:
29:Richard Rumbold
21:
12:
11:
5:
968:
966:
958:
957:
952:
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
922:
917:
907:
906:
903:
902:
897:978-1857765199
896:
883:
878:978-1784783907
877:
864:
858:
845:
818:
789:
780:
775:978-0526064717
774:
761:
756:978-1349953295
755:
742:
715:
695:
677:(4): 521–531.
664:
661:
658:
657:
645:
643:, p. 523.
633:
631:, p. 258.
621:
619:, p. 882.
609:
607:, p. 183.
597:
585:
573:
571:, p. 149.
558:
546:
544:, p. 323.
534:
514:
513:
511:
508:
422:Dutch Republic
409:Rye House Plot
307:New Model Army
305:, joining the
297:He joined the
278:
275:
239:
236:
213:Dutch Republic
201:Rye House Plot
182:New Model Army
167:Rye House Plot
154:
153:
133:
129:
128:
125:
121:
120:
115:
111:
110:
107:
103:
102:
79:
75:
74:
67:
63:
62:
54:
50:
49:
40:
32:
31:
28:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
967:
956:
953:
951:
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
923:
921:
918:
916:
913:
912:
910:
899:
893:
889:
884:
880:
874:
870:
865:
861:
855:
851:
846:
842:
834:
830:
826:
825:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
790:
787:. TC Hansard.
786:
781:
777:
771:
767:
762:
758:
752:
748:
743:
739:
731:
727:
723:
722:
716:
705:
701:
698:BCW Project.
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
667:
666:
662:
654:
649:
646:
642:
637:
634:
630:
625:
622:
618:
613:
610:
606:
601:
598:
594:
593:Marshall 2005
589:
586:
582:
577:
574:
570:
569:Southern 2001
565:
563:
559:
555:
550:
547:
543:
538:
535:
531:
526:
524:
522:
520:
516:
509:
507:
504:
500:
495:
493:
489:
485:
479:
478:
472:
468:
466:
461:
453:
448:
444:
442:
438:
434:
430:
425:
423:
418:
414:
410:
405:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
380:the Catholic
379:
370:
365:
361:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
338:
334:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
292:
288:
283:
276:
274:
272:
268:
264:
260:
255:
253:
249:
245:
244:Hertfordshire
237:
235:
233:
229:
224:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
197:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
174:
172:
168:
164:
160:
152:
151:
146:
143:
139:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
119:
116:
112:
108:
104:
101:
90:
85:
80:
76:
73:
68:
64:
60:
55:
51:
47:
43:
38:
33:
26:
23:
19:
887:
868:
849:
822:
797:
793:
784:
765:
746:
719:
707:. Retrieved
703:
674:
670:
648:
636:
624:
612:
600:
588:
581:Knights 1993
576:
549:
542:De Krey 2018
537:
530:Clifton 2004
496:
483:
481:
475:
474:
469:
457:
452:John Ayloffe
426:
406:
394:John Ayloffe
374:
335:
331:Army Council
296:
289:, including
256:
241:
225:
198:
175:
158:
157:
148:
135:
132:Battles/wars
100:Commonwealth
22:
920:1685 deaths
915:1622 births
704:BCW Project
617:Howell 1816
554:BCW Project
246:, possibly
176:During the
909:Categories
859:0684813637
850:John Adams
843:required.)
740:required.)
641:Adair 1952
510:References
488:Convention
465:Lesmahagow
390:Parliament
386:Charles II
354:Lieutenant
78:Allegiance
61:(possibly)
871:. Verso.
629:Rees 2016
417:Newmarket
350:Worcester
327:Agitators
323:Charles I
271:Hoddesdon
238:Biography
221:Edinburgh
145:Worcester
109:1642–1659
72:Edinburgh
709:8 August
319:Leveller
311:Hannibal
814:2639515
691:1923756
663:Sources
429:Stuarts
378:exclude
315:Baptist
263:Malting
248:Royston
190:Captain
118:Captain
894:
875:
856:
837:
812:
772:
753:
734:
689:
477:him...
413:London
346:Dunbar
291:Dunbar
277:Career
142:Dunbar
810:JSTOR
800:(1).
687:JSTOR
415:from
382:James
369:James
269:near
209:James
892:ISBN
873:ISBN
854:ISBN
770:ISBN
751:ISBN
711:2020
400:and
360:.
348:and
124:Unit
114:Rank
66:Died
56:1622
53:Born
829:doi
802:doi
726:doi
679:doi
911::
808:.
798:36
796:.
702:.
685:.
673:.
561:^
518:^
494:.
424:.
404:.
396:,
333:.
196:.
173:.
900:.
881:.
862:.
835:.
831::
816:.
804::
778:.
759:.
732:.
728::
713:.
693:.
681::
675:9
595:.
556:.
532:.
20:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
