478:. In 1900 he was elected president of D.C.'s Second Baptist Lyceum, one of a number of black D.C. clubs which heard talks from intellectuals and artists and debated issues of the day. Other officers elected in 1900 included R.S. Smith and C.L. Marshall as first and second vice-president, Emma E. Tolliver, Almira Cautchfield, and Birdie Miller as recording, financial, and responding secretaries, Evelyn Cary as Treasurer, and T. H. Norman, Benjamin Washington, Lillian V. Green, B. T. Holme, and Thomas Ware. He was elected to his third term as president of the Second Baptist Lyceum in July 1901. In 1902 was a co-founder of the Sparta Club located on 340 Pennsylvania Ave along with Edward E. Cooper, Richard E. Seldon, and others, and he was in the Pen and Pencil Club. He was elected corresponding secretary of the Mu-So-Lit club in 1913.
337:
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498:, and in the early 1900s he ran what was called the Negro Press Bureau, a syndicated news service to about a dozen black newspapers which Booker T. Washington secretly subsidized and which was one of his prime agencies for influencing black editors. He also owed some of his position in the federal government to his connection to Washington. In the census bureau in January 1900, Thompson was assigned to the Division of Manufactures under Edward W. Parker, who was a special agent to the division and also the Director of the
431:. In September of that year he was promoted to chief clerkship of the counting division, which position he held in July 1895 but had left by 1899. He was the first black clerk and time-keeper ever appointed in the department. While continuing to write for papers, his duties in the federal office was to record all public documents, reports, etc. issued from government presses. During a reorganization of the division, he inaugurated the system of bookkeeping used their for some time with the approval of Benedict.
38:
506:. In early 1900 he wrote Washington that his federal salary ($ 50 per month for himself, $ 40 per month for his wife) was inadequate, and although he hoped for a promotion and raise soon, he did not wish to continue on as managing editor of the Colored American, instead to write letters, articles, etc., for multiple papers. This would give him more latitude and pay, and he planned to continue to write features for the
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brought in to be assistants to Scott, the department assigned with caring for the interests of black soldiers and civilians during the war. Scott and
Thompson continued to work in the War Department until late January, 1920, when Thompson suffered from a nervous breakdown complicated with stomach troubles which would lead to his death on February 12.
290:. He first married teacher Ella B Gibbs, daughter of Eliza Gibbs, on April 5, 1888. They had one daughter, Vivian Lucille Thompson (b 1893). Another child, Bertram Ferroe Thompson died in 1890 at the age of 18 months. Ella B. Thompson died in the morning of May 29, 1900 after two months illness aged 33. The funeral was at Metropolitan A.M.E. Church.
438:. In D.C., he also became heavily involved in the intellectual scene of the city. While living in the capital, his work was frequently published outside of D.C. and he published in the Indianapolis Freeman throughout his life. In 1895, he analyzed the Washington, D.C. elite in a series of articles called "Phases of Washington Life" for the
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and stating that
Washington does not, for instance, endorsed the elimination of suffrage for blacks in any state, but that black people must make his own place in the world. In 1999, Jacqueline M. Moore argued that Thompson's paper failed to hold his ground against Ferris, who was present at the talk.
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for a number of years. The celebrations were increasingly of little interest to
Washington Elites. Thompson saw the change in the nature of the festivities not so much related to the aging and deaths of so many blacks born into slavery and replacement by people who were born after, but instead as due
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Thompson moved from the
Washington, D.C. during the last week of February or the first week of March in 1903 to the Tuskegee Institute in Tuskegee, Alabama. He succeeded J. Frank Armstrong as the assistant to Emmett Scott, who was private secretary to Booker T. Washington. In August 1903, after six
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on
January 6, 1903. As a reply, R. W. Thompson spoke in front of the Second Baptist Lyceum on January 25 in support of Booker T. Washington. Thompson laid out 15 principles of the Washington and the Tuskegee Institute, focusing on agricultural, industrial, and labor as the path to black improvement
394:. He came first in a civil service exam ahead of 75 whites in 1888 and on August 1 was appointed a letter carrier in the Indianapolis Post Office by Postmaster Aquillo Jones, where he served until July 1893. That year he became managing editor of the Indianapolis Freeman and the Indianapolis World.
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in 1911 from the War
Department to the Treasury Department where he took the position of messenger for Assistant Secretary Robert O. Bailey. When Bailey left the position, Thompson's position was challenged by black Democrats supported by the Washington Bee who felt that Thompson was no longer a
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reported that in a commencement address of the
Columbia Conservatory of Music, Thompson and Judge Robert Terrel both took the stage, with Terrel saying of Thompson that "he is one of the greatest colored journalists in the country, and commended his efforts to uplift the race". After Thompson's
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as a call for opposition to racial segregation and disenfranchisement, and it was opposed to policies of accommodation and conciliation promoted by
African-American leaders such as Booker T. Washington. Washington requested that Emmett Scott direct Thompson and other newspaper men, including W.
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In August 1918, the United States' increased involvement in World War I mean a growing war department. Emmett J. Scott, then secretary of the
Tuskegee Institute, was brought on as special assistant to the Secretary of War. William H. Davis, Charles A. Wilson, Charles L. Webb, and Thompson were
293:
Even before Ella died, Richard had a relationship with Grace Lucas. In 1892, Lucas was accused in a letter to the
Indianapolis Freeman of being a poor teacher and of having an affair with Thompson. After Ella's death, Thompson married Lucas on November 12, 1901, in Jersey City, NJ. Bishop
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was not, usually, fond of Thompson. In 1909, in Louisville, Thompson founded the National Negro Press Association in conjunction with the National Negro Business League and twice served as its president. In 1910, Chase attacked the organization, calling it "fake" and, writing in the
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were "as far away from the colored people at the other end of the social scale as the most exclusive white society man thinks himself to be from the most humble white laborer." and that leading blacks in Washington saw the celebration in the same way as leading white citizens did.
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In 1903, Thompson was receiving $ 12 per month from Washington or the Tuskegee Institute to subsidize his income and to pay for pro-Washington reportage. Upon receiving funds from Washington, Thompson noted that he could influence five papers to support Washington's interests:
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The Second Baptist Lyceum met again on February 3 to hear a paper by Jesse Lawson in favor of Washington. In support of Washington were Robert H. Terrell, Bishop Walters, Dr. William Bruce Evans, J. H. Ewing, and Thompson, and those against were W. H. Ferris, Armond W. Scott,
446:. Thompson emphasized that class lines were based on authentic characteristics such as character, worth, morals, and conduct, and not on the color of skin, texture of hair, or money. Throughout his life, Thompson became very close with many Washington elites, including
298:, a friend of Thompson's, presided. Under the name Grace Lucas Thompson, she occasionally published articles in the Indianapolis Freeman and other newspapers. The pair lived in Washington DC for much of the rest of their lives, and Grace taught public schools in there.
348:, which was the first black newspaper in Indianapolis. At that time, in connection with his school duties, he kept books for Dr. F. W. Ferree, secretary of the Marion County Board of Health. His work was recognized and he was appointed by speaker to the
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from their government positions and spy on meetings of the Niagara Movement. Thompson and Chase both felt uncomfortable supporting Washington's actions in these matters, and received additional payment from Washington to secure their support.
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Calvin Chase, to ignore the Niagara Movement. Thompson had already referenced the movement with some sarcasm and proceeded to avoid the movement in his papers, writing "to advertise the movement by opposition even, would be to magnify it."
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failed in 1906 and Washington, who had supported it, now moved his support to the Washington Bee, W. Calvin Chase editor. Chase had opposed Washington, but needed the money. Washington used his political influence with
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from his position as assistant superintendent of DC schools in charge of colored schools and supported Thompson's daughter, Vivian, in an effort to gain for her a position as a teacher against Bruce's opposition.
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The Thompson Nuptials. Bishop Alexander Walters Officiates at a Pretty Wedding Ceremony in Jersey City Saturday, November 16, 1901 Washington Bee (Washington (DC), District of Columbia) Volume: 20 Issue: 25 Page:
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White Folks, like Colored Folks, Have Their Troubles : Officers in the Twentieth Are Jealous of Funston, Plaindealer (Topeka, Kansas), Friday, October 27, 1899, Volume: I, Issue: 43, Page: 1, Piece: One of
764:. Thompson was a principal contributor to the paper, which switched leadership from Wilson to T. Thomas Fortune in the summer of 1914, and continued to provoke the ire of Chase. The issue cooled, and by 1918,
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Sun Does Move. Wilson out-Fortune in-Coleman and Fortune Editors-Newspaper Displaces Hair Vim, Washington Bee (Washington (DC), District of Columbia), Saturday, August 29, 1914, Volume: XXXV Issue: 13 Page:
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The Second Baptist Lyceum. A Review of the Important Work Accomplished during the Administration, Colored American (Washington (DC), District of Columbia), Saturday, July 27, 1901, Volume: 9 Issue: 17 Page:
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Colored Democrats. Said to be after R. W. Thompson's Scalp-Mr. Thompson Remains as Messenger, Washington Bee (Washington (DC), District of Columbia), Saturday, August 3, 1912, Volume: XXXIII Issue: 9 Page:
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School Closing Columbia Conservatory Judge Terrell Commends Professor Adams and His Conservatory of Music. Brilliant, Washington Bee (Washington (DC), District of Columbia), Saturday, June 15, 1918, Page:
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Called down. R. W. Thompson Administered a Rebuke by Newspapers to Which He Corresponds, Washington Bee (Washington (DC), District of Columbia), Saturday, January 24, 1914, Volume: XXXIV Issue: 32 Page:
375:, Edwin E. Horn, and Levi E. Christy with Thompson in charge of the city department. At different times he worked for that paper as compositor, foreman of the mechanical department, and managing editor.
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Almost a Riot Over a Picture. Negroes Object to Booker Washington Painting, Washington Bee (Washington (DC), District of Columbia), Saturday, July 11, 1903, Volume: 23 Issue: 6 Page: 1 Piece: One of Two
305:, Roscoe C. Bruce, related with Bruce's alleged opposition to Vivian's appointment as teacher in spite of her passing her examination and being, by those rights, first in line for a position.
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25 February 1900 aged 53. She was survived by her mother, Richard's grandmother. Jane Thompson played a leading role in the community of Indianapolis's Jones Tabernacle A. M. E. Zion church.
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Richard W. Thompson, Washington, D. C. Foremost Newspaper Correspondent, Conducts News Bureau, Flashes Intelligence Over Saturday, Freeman (Indianapolis, Indiana), December 25, 1915, Page: 7
632:. This controversy continued into the summer where important meetings in Louisville and Boston saw heated argument which even led to blows and Trotter's and Granville Martin's imprisonment.
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The Race's Leader! the Friends of Booker T. Washington after Conspirators, Freeman (Indianapolis, Indiana), Saturday, February 14, 1903, Volume: XVI Issue: 7 Page: 1 Piece: One of Two
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592:, T. M. Dent, Shelby James Davidson, and Mrs. Ida D. Bailey. Terrell, Evans, Lawson, and Thompson all owed positions or favors to Washington's influence. John C. Dancy,
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where he attended public schools. His performance in school was excellent, but he was forced to leave school before the end of his senior year due to ill health.
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that Thompson had published in the two papers. In the spring of 1914, Thompson helped J. Finlay Wilson to start a new black paper in Washington, DC, called the
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Vivian Lucille Thomas married Walter Scott Turner August 6, 1917. At the time of his death, Thompson was involved in a dispute with assistant superintendent of
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In February 1920, Thompson was confined to his home after suffering a nervous breakdown. Thompson died on Friday night, February 12, following an operation at
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Richard W. Thompson. A Prominent Member of the Colored Press Dead, Washington Bee (Washington (DC), District of Columbia), Saturday, February 21, 1920 Page: 1
608:, Prof. Lewis Baxter Moore, and John P. Green were neutral. Thompson's articles about these meetings in support of Washington's position was published in the
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Samuels a Myth, So Says. Richard W. Thompson, the Brilliant Author, Freeman (Indianapolis, Indiana), Saturday, August 3, 1895, Volume: 7 Issue: 31 Page: 1
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Jacqueline M. Moore, Leading the Race: The Transformation of the Black Elite in the Nation's Capital, 1880–1920 University of Virginia Press, 1999, p68
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Mu-So-Lit Club Elects Officers, Washington Bee (Washington (DC), District of Columbia), Saturday, January 18, 1913, Volume: XXXIII Issue: 32 Page: 5
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Mr. Thompson in South Carolina, Washington Bee (Washington (DC), District of Columbia), Saturday, March 27, 1909, Volume: XXIX Issue: 44 Page: 1
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Mr. Thompson in Tuskegee, Colored American (Washington (DC), District of Columbia), Saturday, February 28, 1903, Volume: IX Issue: 44 Page: 5
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Demise of Mrs. Jane L. Thompson Saturday, March 3, 1900 Colored American (Washington (DC), District of Columbia) Volume: 7 Issue: 48 Page: 13
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R. W. Thompson Suffers From Nervous Breakdown, Washington Bee (Washington (DC), District of Columbia) Saturday, January 31, 1920, Page: 1
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Will the Sun Rise? Washington Bee (Washington (DC), District of Columbia), Saturday, March 14, 1914, Volume: XXXIV Issue: 39 Page: 4
20:
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The Face Scraper, Washington Bee (Washington (DC), District of Columbia), Saturday, October 1, 1910, Volume: XXXI Issue: 18 Page: 4
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War Department Bureau Steadily Growing, Washington Bee (Washington (DC), District of Columbia), Saturday, August 10, 1918, Page: 1
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Advertisement, Colored American (Washington (DC), District of Columbia), Saturday, February 10, 1900, Volume: 7 Issue: 46 Page: 6
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Around The Churches A Week's Happenings in Religious Circles Saturday, February 24, 1900 Recorder (Indianapolis, Indiana) Page: 4
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Around The Churches. A Week's Happenings in Religious Circles Saturday, March 3, 1900 Recorder (Indianapolis, Indiana) Page: 4
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The friction in the African-American community continued and Thompson's role as a newspaperman remained fundamental. In 1905,
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R. W. Thompson in Southern Indiana, Freeman (Indianapolis, Indiana), Saturday, August 29, 1903, Volume: XVI Issue: 34 Page: 1
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Mr. Thompson, Washington Bee (Washington (DC), District of Columbia), Saturday, May 20, 1911, Volume: XXXI Issue: 51 Page: 5
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Louis R. Harlan. Booker T. Washington: Volume 2: The Wizard Of Tuskegee, 1901–1915 Oxford University Press, December 4, 1986
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The Fake, Washington Bee (Washington (DC), District of Columbia), Saturday, August 20, 1910, Volume: XXXI Issue: 12 Page: 1
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Our Mr. Thompson in the Front Rank. Saturday, Freeman (Indianapolis, Indiana), June 22, 1901, Volume: XIV Issue: 25 Page: 4
601:
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Booker T. Washington, Louis R. Harlan, The Booker T. Washington Papers: 1903–04 University of Illinois Press, 1976b, p355
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Booker T. Washington, Louis R. Harlan, The Booker T. Washington Papers: 1899–1900 University of Illinois Press, 1976a p48
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Gatewood, Willard B. Aristocrats of Color: The Black Elite, 1880–1920. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1990, p51
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as a page during the 1880–1881 session. His nomination received the support of many legislators at the time, including
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Nosegay for "One of Our Boys", Freeman (Indianapolis, Indiana), Saturday, April 4, 1903, Volume: XVI Issue: 14 Page: 4
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Deaths. Saturday, June 2, 1900 Colored American (Washington (DC), District of Columbia) Volume: 8 Issue: 9 Page: 13
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Mortuary Notice, Freeman (Indianapolis, Indiana) Saturday, October 18, 1890, Volume: 2 Issue: 43 Page: Supplement 1
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The School Investigation, Washington Bee (Washington (DC), District of Columbia), Saturday, April 24, 1920 Page: 4
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Thompson continued to work closely with Washington for the rest of Washington's life. In 1909 he traveled through
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Outside of this sphere, Booker T. Washington was criticized by some members of the black press, especially in the
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349:
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That School Question Again Saturday, April 9, 1892 Freeman (Indianapolis, Indiana) Volume: 4 Issue: 11 Page: 8
558:, editor of the Chicago Monitor, the Chicago Conservator, and the Chicago Leader to receive subsidy as well.
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427:
In July 1894 he moved to Washington D.C., having been appointed by Thomas E Benedict as a compositor in the
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Personal Mention. Freeman (Indianapolis, Indiana). Saturday, November 18, 1893. Volume: 5 Issue: 46 Page: 8
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months working at the Tuskegee Institute, Thompson was given a civil service position in the United States
207:, edited by Blanche Ketene Bruce, called Thompson the "best newspaper correspondent on the colored press."
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Personal Mention, Freeman (Indianapolis, Indiana), Saturday, November 18, 1893 Volume: 5 Issue: 46 Page: 8
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He left the printing office in D.C. to clerk in the office of recorder of deeds, working closely with
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Washington, D.C., Plaindealer (Topeka, Kansas), Friday, January 26, 1900, Volume: II Issue: 4 Page: 3
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In 1879 Thompson joined with brothers Benjamin, Robert, and James Bagby writing for their paper, the
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230:. He played an important role in the support of Washington against the attacks against Washington by
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Mortuary Notice, Plaindealer (Topeka, Kansas), Friday, February 20, 1920 Volume: 22 Issue: 8 Page: 1
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City Notes Saturday, August 11, 1900 Freeman (Indianapolis, Indiana) Volume: 13 Issue: 32 Page: 8
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442:. In 1896, Will Milton Lewise invited Thompson to again address class lines among blacks for the
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Items Of Race Interest, Freeman (Indianapolis, Indiana), Saturday, September 30, 1911, Page: 2
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Thompson continued to clerk for the federal government, transferring at the recommendation of
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Thompson had two wives, Grace Evelyn Lucas and Ella B Gibbs, both of whom taught together in
798:. Freeman (Indianapolis, Indiana), Saturday, November 17, 1900, Volume: 13 Issue: 46 Page: 4
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Evening Star (Washington (DC), District of Columbia), Wednesday, August 22, 1917, Page: 7
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continued to battle with Thompson for some time. In 1914, Thompson was rebuked by the
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118:
458:, James H. Anderson, William O. Minard, N. B. Dodson, George W. Harris, and
816:. Leavenworth Herald (Leavenworth, Kansas), Saturday, May 2, 1896, Page: 2
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with Washington, assisting the educator and writing about his work there.
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and a friend to Booker T. Washington. Thompson's wife had a place in the
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264:, and died in 1872. later that year he moved with his mother, Jane, to
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579:. Ferris came to Washington in January 1903 and spoke in front of the
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Saturday, September 14, 1912 Freeman (Indianapolis, Indiana) Page: 8
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554:. Recognizing the importance of this subsidy, Thompson recommended
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386:. In 1887 he was employed as a deputy in the office of auditor of
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367:, where he was made an editor, and the Indianapolis World. The
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He was at various times an editor or managing editor of the
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Thompson's interest in class included a discussion of the
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and again in 1918 when Scott was special assistant to the
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to the evolution of black social structure, saying that
218:, in 1903 when Scott was Washington's assistant at the
328:, John T. Howe, J. A. Lankford, and J. Finley Wilson.
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Booker T. Washington, Louis R. Harlan, 1976b. p34-35
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festivities in 1893, which Thompson covered for the
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in 1903. He also had a long-running antagonism with
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95:
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68:
53:
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1048:Booker T. Washington, Louis R. Harlan, 1976b, p358
262:African Methodist Episcopal Zion Connection Church
550:. He could also occasionally send letters to the
153:. He was published as a general correspondent in
1115:Booker T. Washington, Louis R. Harlan 1976b p209
474:and an officer in several of the black literary
199:. His longest-lasting relationship was with the
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769:death, Chase was in a bitter battle to remove
494:By 1899, Thompson was managing editor of the
19:For other people named Richard Thompson, see
8:
1132:
1130:
316:, pallbearers were intimate friends of his:
941:
939:
470:In 1899, he was recording secretary of the
378:In 1886, he turned 21 and registered as a
36:
25:
450:, James E. Slaughter, W. Bishop Johnson,
252:Richard W. Thompson was born in 1865 in
1366:Editors of Washington, D.C., newspapers
1356:19th-century American newspaper editors
791:
699:to try to remove Lafayette Hershaw and
678:and William Monroe Trotter founded the
1336:American newspaper publishers (people)
670:Continued relationship with Washington
581:Bethel Literary and Historical Society
514:Dispute with William H. Ferris in 1903
482:Relationship with Booker T. Washington
359:In 1882, he became city editor of the
16:American journalist and public servant
1097:Washington and Harlan 1976a, p396-397
7:
1371:20th-century African-American people
214:and twice served as an assistant of
260:. His father was a minister of the
638:Jeffersonville Quartermaster Depot
340:Indiana State House, built in 1888
14:
1351:Journalists from Washington, D.C.
1331:People from Brandenburg, Kentucky
723:The Washington Bee – May 29, 1886
187:Charleston West Virginia Advocate
117:(1865 - February 12, 1920) was a
21:Richard Thompson (disambiguation)
653:
356:, S. Hinton, and J. T. V. Hill.
778:Assistant in the War Department
500:United States Geological Survey
210:He was closely associated with
1009:Gatewood, Willard B. 1990, p25
622:Baltimore Afro-American Ledger
472:National Afro-American Council
1:
1361:Editors of Indiana newspapers
644:, just across the river from
602:Daniel Alexander Payne Murray
567:. Important critics included
43:
1341:African-American journalists
525:front page November 25, 1899
203:. In 1896, the black paper,
288:Indianapolis Public Schools
1387:
626:The Charleston WV Advocate
504:Government Printing Office
490:Booker T. Washington, 1905
429:Government Printing Office
277:Jefferson County, Kentucky
18:
715:Dispute with Calvin Chase
350:Indiana State Legislature
35:
1346:Journalists from Indiana
744:Democrat. Chase and the
575:, George W. Forbes, and
147:and the Washington D.C.
642:Jeffersonville, Indiana
363:. He then moved to the
332:Early career in Indiana
318:Robert Heberton Terrell
275:His mother was born in
268:. In 1875, he moved to
724:
569:William Monroe Trotter
526:
491:
448:Henrietta Vinton Davis
436:Henry Plummer Cheatham
388:Marion County, Indiana
341:
258:Meade County, Kentucky
205:The Leavenworth Herald
771:Roscoe Conkling Bruce
741:Henry Lincoln Johnson
722:
664:Tuskegee campus, 1916
532:The Kentucky Standard
521:
489:
339:
312:. His funeral was at
61:Brandenburg, Kentucky
750:Indianapolis Freeman
727:Calvin Chase of the
701:Freeman H. M. Murray
618:Philadelphia Tribune
614:Indianapolis Freeman
590:Lafayette M. Hershaw
523:The Colored American
440:Indianapolis Freeman
365:Indianapolis Freeman
236:William Calvin Chase
212:Booker T. Washington
201:Indianapolis Freeman
192:Philadelphia Tribune
178:Afro-American Ledger
165:Indianapolis Freeman
155:The Colored American
144:Indianapolis Freeman
697:William Howard Taft
604:, Reuben S. Smith,
373:Edward Elder Cooper
361:Indianapolis Leader
346:Indianapolis Leader
310:Freedman's Hospital
266:New Albany, Indiana
160:The Washington Post
135:Indianapolis Leader
115:Richard W. Thompson
30:Richard W. Thompson
1193:Moore, 1999, p 202
725:
693:Theodore Roosevelt
594:George Henry White
556:W. Allison Sweeney
527:
492:
466:Social involvement
413:Frederick Douglass
369:Indianapolis World
342:
220:Tuskegee Institute
183:Cincinnati Rostrum
169:Indianapolis World
139:Indianapolis World
102:Grace Evelyn Lucas
756:for criticism of
598:Anna Evans Murray
577:Clement G. Morgan
573:William H. Ferris
452:T. Thomas Fortune
354:Benjamin Harrison
314:St. Luke's church
296:Alexander Walters
232:William H. Ferris
112:
111:
91:Journalist, Clerk
76:(aged 54–55)
72:February 12, 1920
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548:Colored American
508:Colored American
496:Colored American
404:Emancipation Day
384:Grover Cleveland
371:was launched by
326:Walter Singleton
224:Secretary of War
216:Emmett Jay Scott
150:Colored American
131:Washington, D.C.
80:Washington, D.C.
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105:Ella B Gibbs
74:(1920-02-12)
1326:1920 deaths
1321:1865 births
610:Atlanta Age
254:Brandenburg
228:World War I
173:Atlanta Age
47: 1902
1315:Categories
787:References
646:Louisville
628:, and the
546:, and the
303:DC Schools
119:journalist
42:Thompson
752:and the
600:wife of
540:Advocate
380:Democrat
281:pleurisy
195:and the
766:The Bee
596:, Mrs.
544:Citizen
536:Freeman
476:lyceums
444:Freeman
408:Freeman
238:of the
226:during
127:Indiana
96:Spouses
612:, the
542:, the
538:, the
534:, the
419:, and
390:under
189:, the
185:, the
181:, the
167:, the
163:, the
141:, the
137:, the
82:, U.S.
63:, U.S.
982:Four
695:and
686:The
248:Life
129:and
121:and
69:Died
57:1865
54:Born
762:Sun
746:Bee
640:in
125:in
1317::
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648:.
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44:c.
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1067:9
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23:.
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