293:
385:
433:
208:
86:
42:
61:
356:. The range of this animal expanded as forests were cleared to create farmland. They are not simply restricted to prairie; sometimes they adapt to suburban environments, causing them to be seen as pests because of the burrows they dig. It is not unusual to find squirrels digging tunnels under the sidewalks and patios of urban homes.
523:
The
Saskatoon Wildlife Federation sponsored a 12-week "gopher derby" in 2002, in an effort to reduce what it considered an overpopulation of the squirrels. Cash prizes were awarded for the most number of animals killed, with the animals' tails being presented as proof of the kill. The Canadian Humane
401:
alarm calls are given, and are responded to by other members of the colony. Richardson's ground squirrels use two audible alarm calls, a high-pitched whistle and a 'chirp' call. The whistle is given in response to terrestrial predators, while the chirp is given in response to aerial predators such as
519:
Farmers and ranchers have developed a variety of ways to exterminate ground squirrels besides trapping, shooting and poisoning. One such process fills the burrows with a mixture of oxygen and propane and then ignites the gas mixture. This kills the ground squirrels with a concussive force that also
368:
the squirrels weigh between 200 and 275 g (0.441–0.606 lb) for females and between 350 and 450 g (0.77–0.99 lb) for males. But by the time they hibernate again, their weight may have risen to nearly 750 grams (1.65 lb). Males are slightly larger and heavier than females on
392:
Richardson's ground squirrels appear to live communally, but they organize their social structure around female kinship. A female
Richardson's ground squirrel will tolerate the presence of closely related females, but are territorial towards other individuals. Individuals are territorial around
452:, eating seeds, nuts, grains, grasses and insects (especially crickets, caterpillars and grasshoppers). They stuff their cheek pouches with seeds, which are stored in the burrow and likely eaten in spring. They are also reported to cannibalize ground squirrels killed by road traffic.
369:
average. They are dark brown on the upper side and tan underneath. The tail is shorter and less bushy than in other ground squirrels, and the external ears are so short as to look more like holes in the animal's head. Behavior is more like that of a
491:
477:
Female
Richardson's ground squirrels produce one litter per year. Litter size averages 6, though the maximum size recorded is 14. The young are born in April or May. Young ground squirrels remain underground in the
510:
in 2010, allowing local governments to employ gopher control measures. In areas with few natural predators, overpopulation and increasing density can drive ground squirrels to expand into suburban neighborhoods.
460:
Adult ground squirrels may hibernate as early as July, though in their first year, the young ground squirrels do not hibernate until
September. The males emerge from hibernation in March, and establish
612:
524:
Society called the contest cruel and barbaric. Despite the criticism, the derby was repeated in 2003. By 2004, the ground squirrel population had dropped and the contest was cancelled.
2531:
2250:
2462:
2516:
320:
after the squirrel. The nickname Dakrat is derived from "Dakota Rat" and is a commonly used name around Minot, North Dakota and on Minot Air Force Base.
2384:
2237:
376:
Males have an average life expectancy of 3 years, while females average 4 years. However, in captivity some individuals may live for 5 to 7 years.
2410:
2263:
1005:
1173:
520:
collapses the tunnel systems. Even if effective, ground squirrels from outside of the treated areas will eventually spread back into the area.
2536:
784:
2551:
482:
until they are approximately 30 days old, emerging from natal burrows late May to mid-June. At emergence, the young weigh 50 to 100 grams.
1103:
364:
Typical adults are about 30 centimetres (12 in) long. Weights vary greatly with time of year and with location: at emergence from
2546:
1890:
393:
their nest sites. The burrows of
Richardson's ground squirrels are grouped closely together in colonies, and individuals give audible
465:
before the females emerge a couple of weeks later. Abandoned burrows are sometimes taken over by other grassland species such as the
2436:
1791:
662:
968:
2281:
2055:
2019:
1301:
1155:
1121:
2415:
2268:
292:
2091:
1766:
1727:
1130:
1094:
1835:
2161:
2028:
2010:
1164:
779:. National Audubon Society (Rev. ed., 2nd ed., fully rev ed.). New York: Knopf : Distributed by Random House.
309:
2349:
373:
than a typical ground squirrel. The tail is constantly trembling, so the animal is sometimes called the "flickertail".
2541:
2358:
2307:
2276:
2100:
1863:
1702:
998:
851:
636:
498:
Because they will readily eat crop species, Richardson's ground squirrels are sometimes considered to be agricultural
85:
978:
903:
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2108:
1955:
1800:
1736:
1291:
929:
691:
503:
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2037:
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1937:
1845:
1693:
1216:
1207:
804:
724:
2152:
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1854:
1826:
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1449:
1282:
1112:
2192:
2143:
2134:
2073:
1946:
1927:
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1908:
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1662:
1509:
991:
973:
2363:
2488:
2289:
2064:
2001:
1431:
878:
180:
1536:
983:
933:
745:
Davis, Lloyd S. (2010). "Alarm
Calling in Richardson's Ground Squirrels (Spermophilus richardsonii)".
2521:
1572:
1500:
1491:
1482:
1392:
1626:
1608:
1590:
1554:
1356:
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825:
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384:
197:
50:
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432:
2176:
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1365:
528:
462:
215:
80:
17:
2493:
674:
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2255:
207:
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2371:
2224:
1635:
1599:
1581:
1257:
1144:
1083:
780:
317:
543:
The
Richardson's ground squirrel in recent years has become popular in the exotic pet trade.
2480:
2123:
1976:
1527:
1374:
1234:
754:
579:
2428:
2302:
720:
1716:
1644:
1473:
1410:
1015:
535:, Canada, has a large selection of stuffed ground squirrels of many varieties and colors.
507:
422:
253:
1671:
1545:
1518:
1440:
758:
41:
2510:
2423:
1745:
1617:
1383:
1347:
570:
561:
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333:
271:
250:
70:
65:
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1814:
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1422:
1338:
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800:
353:
337:
313:
2334:
962:
2449:
2441:
2397:
2343:
1990:
1329:
1187:
397:
when possible predators approach. Recent research has shown that in some cases,
370:
365:
297:
258:
157:
2215:
398:
394:
332:, Richardson's ground squirrel is found mainly in the northern states of the
1463:
1401:
1271:
829:
437:
275:
97:
490:
2328:
2209:
1248:
1065:
1037:
907:
855:
449:
305:
147:
117:
937:
699:
2389:
2242:
1072:
882:
349:
341:
329:
280:
2402:
1315:
1051:
1044:
1030:
479:
426:
418:
345:
262:. Like a number of other ground squirrels, they are sometimes called
137:
127:
107:
2186:
502:, although this is not their legal status in all jurisdictions. The
965:- Spermophilus richardsonii (Richardson's ground squirrels) videos
489:
431:
414:
383:
291:
406:
2190:
987:
613:"Out There: Cannibalistic gophers risk death for roadside meal"
777:
National
Audubon Society field guide to North American mammals
410:
974:
Information on keeping
Richardson's ground squirrels as pets
979:
Dr. Gail
Michener's site on Richardson's ground squirrel
969:
American Society of Mammalogists species account (pdf)
270:, though the latter name belongs more strictly to the
675:"Richardson's Ground Squirrel - Montana Field Guide"
2318:
2199:
2121:
1988:
1967:
1812:
1778:
1757:
1714:
1682:
1461:
1313:
1269:
1246:
1185:
1142:
1081:
686:
684:
585:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T42561A22262546.en
999:
8:
2532:Fauna of the Plains-Midwest (United States)
904:"Humane society slams gopher-killing derby"
2187:
1006:
992:
984:
879:"Gophers notch a win in man-rodent battle"
206:
59:
40:
31:
611:There, ANDREW McKEAN Out (4 April 2010).
583:
278:, and the former to members of the genus
1174:Cascade golden-mantled ground squirrel
930:"Richardson's Ground Squirrels as Pets"
692:"Richardson's Ground Squirrels as Pets"
552:
658:
656:
7:
770:
768:
606:
604:
602:
2517:IUCN Red List least concern species
1891:Caucasian mountain ground squirrel
571:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
852:"Gophers declared 'pests' in Sask"
759:10.1111/j.1439-0310.1984.tb01362.x
304:This squirrel was named after the
25:
1149:(golden-mantled ground squirrels)
1104:Espíritu Santo antelope squirrel
877:Haggett, Scott (March 24, 2008).
832:– Parks and Recreation Department
348:, including central and southern
35:Richardson's ground squirrel
18:Richardson's Ground Squirrel
84:
2056:Southern Idaho ground squirrel
2020:Northern Idaho ground squirrel
1302:Thirteen-lined ground squirrel
1156:Golden-mantled ground squirrel
1122:White-tailed antelope squirrel
747:Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie
388:Exhibiting territorial behavior
1728:Baja California rock squirrel
1131:San Joaquin antelope squirrel
826:"Richardson's Ground Squirrel"
1:
2162:Round-tailed ground squirrel
2083:Richardson's ground squirrel
1165:Sierra Madre ground squirrel
2537:Rodents of the United States
2101:Long-tailed ground squirrel
1995:(Holarctic ground squirrels)
1958:(Spermophilus xanthoprymnus)
1864:Red-cheeked ground squirrel
1820:(Old World ground squirrels)
1703:Ring-tailed ground squirrel
233:Richardson's ground squirrel
2552:Taxa named by Joseph Sabine
2109:Washington ground squirrel
2092:Townsend's ground squirrel
1956:Asia Minor ground squirrel
1792:Père David's rock squirrel
1767:Franklin's ground squirrel
1737:California ground squirrel
1292:Rio Grande ground squirrel
1095:Harris's antelope squirrel
2568:
2038:Columbian ground squirrel
2029:Merriam's ground squirrel
2011:Belding's ground squirrel
1900:Tian Shan ground squirrel
1836:Brandt’s ground squirrel (
775:Whitaker, John O. (1996).
504:government of Saskatchewan
328:Native to the short grass
2547:Mammals described in 1858
2201:Spermophilus richardsonii
2173:
1938:Speckled ground squirrel
1846:European ground squirrel
1694:Tropical ground squirrel
1593:(N. quadrimaculatus)
1276:(little ground squirrels)
1217:Black-tailed prairie dog
1208:White-tailed prairie dog
1025:
494:In a suburban environment
296:Fossil specimen from the
224:Spermophilus richardsonii
221:
214:
205:
186:
179:
81:Scientific classification
79:
57:
48:
39:
34:
2350:Urocitellus richardsonii
2320:Urocitellus richardsonii
2153:Spotted ground squirrel
2128:(pygmy ground squirrels)
2047:Wyoming ground squirrel
1949:(Spermophilus taurensis)
1928:Relict ground squirrel (
1909:Pallid ground squirrel (
1855:Daurian ground squirrel
1827:Alashan ground squirrel
1801:Forrest's rock squirrel
1602:(N. quadrivittatus)
1564:Yellow-cheeked chipmunk
1452:(M. vancouverensis)
1450:Vancouver Island marmot
1283:Mexican ground squirrel
1113:Texas antelope squirrel
1014:Living species of tribe
805:University of Lethbridge
725:University of Lethbridge
696:University of Lethbridge
564:Urocitellus richardsonii
486:Relationship with humans
238:Urocitellus richardsonii
190:Urocitellus richardsonii
2144:Perote ground squirrel
2135:Mohave ground squirrel
2074:Arctic ground squirrel
1947:Taurus ground squirrel
1940:(Spermophilus suslicus)
1919:Little ground squirrel
1882:Russet ground squirrel
1873:Yellow ground squirrel
1512:(N. cinereicollis)
1510:Gray-collared chipmunk
1402:Groundhog or woodchuck
1199:Gunnison's prairie dog
637:"Return of the Dakrats"
2164:(X. tereticaudus)
2085:(U. richardsonii)
2065:Piute ground squirrel
2002:Uinta ground squirrel
1866:(S. erythrogenys)
1785:(Asian rock squirrels)
1730:(O. atricapillus)
1584:(N. panamintinus)
1434:(M. flaviventris)
1432:Yellow-bellied marmot
1359:(M. camtschatica)
495:
440:
389:
301:
2489:Paleobiology Database
2290:Paleobiology Database
2111:(U. washingtoni)
2040:(U. columbianus)
1829:(S. alashanicus)
1501:Gray-footed chipmunk
1483:Yellow-pine chipmunk
1304:(I. tridecemlineatus)
721:"Social Organization"
578:: e.T42561A22262546.
506:declared the animals
493:
435:
387:
295:
241:), also known as the
2146:(X. perotensis)
2137:(X. mohavensis)
2094:(U. townsendii)
1902:(S. nilkaensis)
1794:(S. davidianus)
1769:(P. franklinii)
1748:(O. variegatus)
1665:(N. townsendii)
1663:Townsend's chipmunk
1611:(N. ruficaudus)
1609:Red-tailed chipmunk
1591:Long-eared chipmunk
1566:(N. ochrogenys)
1555:California chipmunk
1377:(M. himalayana)
1357:Black-capped marmot
1226:Mexican prairie dog
1088:(antelope squirrels)
663:Animal Diversity Web
641:Minot Air Force Base
617:The Billings Gazette
560:Cassola, F. (2016).
172:U. richardsonii
2155:(X. spilosoma)
2103:(U. undulatus)
2058:(U. endemicus)
1705:(N. annulatus)
1656:(N. speciosus)
1654:Lodgepole chipmunk
1537:Merriam's chipmunk
1468:(western chipmunks)
1395:(M. menzbieri)
1366:Long-tailed marmot
1332:(M. baibacina)
1260:(E. sibiricus)
1228:(C. mexicanus)
1176:(C. saturatus)
1167:(C. madrensis)
1158:(C. lateralis)
1115:(A. interpres)
1106:(A. insularis)
533:Torrington, Alberta
51:Conservation status
2542:Agricultural pests
2022:(U. brunneus)
2013:(U. beldingi)
1979:(T. striatus)
1921:(S. pygmaeus)
1857:(S. dauricus)
1848:(S. citellus)
1803:(S. forresti)
1739:(O. beecheyi)
1696:(N. adocetus)
1674:(N. umbrinus)
1638:(N. siskiyou)
1636:Siskiyou chipmunk
1600:Colorado chipmunk
1582:Panamint chipmunk
1573:Palmer's chipmunk
1557:(N. obscurus)
1539:(N. merriami)
1530:(N. durangae)
1521:(N. dorsalis)
1492:Buller's chipmunk
1425:(M. caligata)
1413:(M. sibirica)
1393:Menzbier's marmot
1258:Siberian chipmunk
1210:(C. leucurus)
1124:(A. leucurus)
1097:(A. harrisii)
1018:(ground squirrels)
940:on October 9, 2011
529:Gopher Hole Museum
496:
448:These animals are
441:
405:Predators include
390:
302:
2527:Rodents of Canada
2504:
2503:
2476:Open Tree of Life
2193:Taxon identifiers
2184:
2183:
2076:(U. parryii)
2049:(U. elegans)
2004:(U. armatus)
1977:Eastern chipmunk
1647:(N. sonomae)
1627:Allen's chipmunk
1575:(N. palmeri)
1548:(N. minimus)
1528:Durango chipmunk
1503:(N. canipes)
1494:(N. bulleri)
1485:(N. amoenus)
1476:(N. alpinus)
1443:(M. olympus)
1386:(M. marmota)
1375:Himalayan marmot
1368:(M. caudata)
1350:(M. broweri)
1235:Utah prairie dog
1219:(C. ludovicianus)
1145:Callospermophilus
1133:(A. nelsoni)
1019:
786:978-0-679-44631-6
344:, and in western
318:Flickertail state
316:is nicknamed the
230:
229:
74:
27:Species of rodent
16:(Redirected from
2559:
2497:
2496:
2484:
2483:
2471:
2470:
2458:
2457:
2445:
2444:
2432:
2431:
2419:
2418:
2406:
2405:
2393:
2392:
2380:
2379:
2367:
2366:
2354:
2353:
2352:
2339:
2338:
2337:
2311:
2310:
2298:
2297:
2285:
2284:
2272:
2271:
2259:
2258:
2246:
2245:
2233:
2232:
2220:
2219:
2218:
2188:
2124:Xerospermophilus
2067:(U. mollis)
1875:(S. fulvus)
1721:(rock squirrels)
1645:Sonoma chipmunk
1474:Alpine chipmunk
1411:Tarbagan marmot
1084:Ammospermophilus
1017:
1008:
1001:
994:
985:
950:
949:
947:
945:
936:. Archived from
934:Gail R. Michener
926:
920:
919:
917:
915:
900:
894:
893:
891:
889:
874:
868:
867:
865:
863:
858:. March 24, 2010
848:
842:
841:
839:
837:
822:
816:
815:
813:
811:
797:
791:
790:
772:
763:
762:
742:
736:
735:
733:
731:
717:
711:
710:
708:
707:
698:. Archived from
688:
679:
678:
671:
665:
660:
651:
650:
648:
647:
633:
627:
626:
624:
623:
608:
597:
596:
594:
592:
587:
557:
515:Control measures
423:American badgers
210:
192:
89:
88:
68:
63:
62:
44:
32:
21:
2567:
2566:
2562:
2561:
2560:
2558:
2557:
2556:
2507:
2506:
2505:
2500:
2492:
2487:
2479:
2474:
2466:
2461:
2453:
2448:
2440:
2435:
2427:
2422:
2414:
2409:
2401:
2396:
2388:
2383:
2375:
2370:
2362:
2357:
2348:
2347:
2342:
2333:
2332:
2327:
2314:
2306:
2301:
2293:
2288:
2280:
2275:
2267:
2262:
2254:
2249:
2241:
2236:
2228:
2223:
2214:
2213:
2208:
2195:
2185:
2180:
2169:
2127:
2117:
2031:(U. canus)
1994:
1984:
1963:
1911:S. pallidicauda
1884:(S. major)
1819:
1808:
1784:
1774:
1753:
1720:
1717:Otospermophilus
1710:
1678:
1672:Uinta chipmunk
1629:(N. senex)
1620:(N. rufus)
1546:Least chipmunk
1519:Cliff chipmunk
1467:
1457:
1441:Olympic marmot
1416:
1404:(M. monax)
1341:(M. bobak)
1319:
1309:
1275:
1265:
1242:
1191:
1181:
1148:
1138:
1087:
1077:
1021:
1012:
959:
954:
953:
943:
941:
928:
927:
923:
913:
911:
910:. June 22, 2002
902:
901:
897:
887:
885:
876:
875:
871:
861:
859:
850:
849:
845:
835:
833:
824:
823:
819:
809:
807:
799:
798:
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787:
774:
773:
766:
744:
743:
739:
729:
727:
719:
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714:
705:
703:
690:
689:
682:
673:
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654:
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643:
635:
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621:
619:
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609:
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590:
588:
559:
558:
554:
549:
541:
517:
488:
475:
458:
446:
382:
362:
326:
310:John Richardson
308:naturalist Sir
290:
254:ground squirrel
201:
194:
188:
175:
83:
75:
64:
60:
53:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2565:
2563:
2555:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2509:
2508:
2502:
2501:
2499:
2498:
2485:
2472:
2459:
2446:
2433:
2420:
2407:
2394:
2381:
2368:
2355:
2340:
2324:
2322:
2316:
2315:
2313:
2312:
2299:
2286:
2273:
2260:
2247:
2234:
2221:
2205:
2203:
2197:
2196:
2191:
2182:
2181:
2174:
2171:
2170:
2168:
2167:
2159:
2150:
2141:
2131:
2129:
2119:
2118:
2116:
2115:
2106:
2098:
2089:
2080:
2071:
2062:
2053:
2044:
2035:
2026:
2017:
2008:
1998:
1996:
1986:
1985:
1983:
1982:
1973:
1971:
1965:
1964:
1962:
1961:
1953:
1944:
1935:
1925:
1916:
1906:
1897:
1888:
1879:
1870:
1861:
1852:
1843:
1833:
1823:
1821:
1810:
1809:
1807:
1806:
1798:
1788:
1786:
1776:
1775:
1773:
1772:
1763:
1761:
1755:
1754:
1752:
1751:
1746:Rock squirrel
1743:
1734:
1724:
1722:
1712:
1711:
1709:
1708:
1700:
1690:
1688:
1680:
1679:
1677:
1669:
1660:
1651:
1642:
1633:
1624:
1618:Hopi chipmunk
1615:
1606:
1597:
1588:
1579:
1570:
1561:
1552:
1543:
1534:
1525:
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1384:Alpine marmot
1381:
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1348:Alaska marmot
1345:
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1285:(I. mexicanus)
1279:
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1237:(C. parvidens)
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1817:sensu stricto
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1339:Bobak marmot
1337:
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1327:
1322:
1318:
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1312:
1306:
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1294:(I. parvidens
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801:"Litter Size"
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702:on 2011-10-09
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472:
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467:burrowing owl
464:
455:
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352:and southern
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334:United States
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311:
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277:
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269:
265:
261:
260:
256:in the genus
255:
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239:
234:
226:
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181:Binomial name
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99:
96:
93:
92:
87:
82:
78:
72:
67:
66:Least Concern
56:
52:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
2319:
2200:
2175:
2163:
2154:
2145:
2136:
2122:
2110:
2102:
2093:
2084:
2082:
2075:
2066:
2057:
2048:
2039:
2030:
2021:
2012:
2003:
1989:
1978:
1968:
1957:
1948:
1939:
1929:
1920:
1910:
1901:
1893:(S. musicus)
1892:
1883:
1874:
1865:
1856:
1847:
1837:
1828:
1815:Spermophilus
1813:
1802:
1793:
1781:Sciurotamias
1779:
1768:
1758:
1747:
1738:
1729:
1715:
1704:
1695:
1685:Notocitellus
1683:
1673:
1664:
1655:
1646:
1637:
1628:
1619:
1610:
1601:
1592:
1583:
1574:
1565:
1556:
1547:
1538:
1529:
1520:
1511:
1502:
1493:
1484:
1475:
1462:
1451:
1442:
1433:
1424:
1419:Petromarmota
1418:
1412:
1403:
1394:
1385:
1376:
1367:
1358:
1349:
1340:
1331:
1330:Gray marmot
1325:
1314:
1303:
1293:
1284:
1270:
1259:
1247:
1236:
1227:
1218:
1209:
1200:
1186:
1175:
1166:
1157:
1143:
1132:
1123:
1114:
1105:
1096:
1082:
1059:Sciuromorpha
942:. Retrieved
938:the original
924:
912:. Retrieved
898:
886:. Retrieved
872:
860:. Retrieved
846:
834:. Retrieved
820:
808:. Retrieved
795:
776:
750:
746:
740:
728:. Retrieved
715:
704:. Retrieved
700:the original
695:
669:
644:. Retrieved
640:
631:
620:. Retrieved
616:
589:. Retrieved
575:
569:
563:
555:
542:
526:
522:
518:
497:
476:
473:Reproduction
459:
447:
404:
391:
375:
363:
354:Saskatchewan
338:North Dakota
327:
314:North Dakota
303:
300:of Nebraska.
279:
267:
264:prairie dogs
263:
257:
246:
242:
237:
236:
232:
231:
223:
222:
189:
187:
171:
170:
158:
29:
2522:Urocitellus
2450:NatureServe
2398:iNaturalist
2344:Wikispecies
1991:Urocitellus
1930:S. relictus
1071:Subfamily:
591:12 November
463:territories
456:Hibernation
395:alarm calls
371:prairie dog
366:hibernation
360:Description
298:Pleistocene
259:Urocitellus
247:flickertail
159:Urocitellus
2511:Categories
1057:Suborder:
1016:Marmotini
828:. City of
706:2011-09-27
646:2020-02-28
622:2020-02-28
547:References
399:ultrasonic
336:, such as
274:of family
2335:Q21730517
1464:Neotamias
1417:Subgenus
1324:Subgenus
1320:(marmots)
1272:Ictidomys
1066:Sciuridae
1029:Kingdom:
963:Xander.it
914:March 24,
888:March 25,
862:March 24,
836:March 24,
830:Moose Jaw
810:August 8,
730:August 8,
539:Pet trade
450:omnivores
438:dandelion
436:Eating a
276:Geomyidae
166:Species:
148:Sciuridae
104:Kingdom:
98:Eukaryota
2455:2.100987
2329:Wikidata
2282:12401074
2256:10201458
2216:Q1078572
2210:Wikidata
2177:Category
1249:Eutamias
1064:Family:
1052:Rodentia
1045:Mammalia
1038:Chordata
1036:Phylum:
1031:Animalia
908:CBC News
856:CBC News
380:Behavior
330:prairies
306:Scottish
288:Taxonomy
216:Synonyms
144:Family:
138:Rodentia
128:Mammalia
118:Chordata
114:Phylum:
108:Animalia
94:Domain:
71:IUCN 3.1
2442:1001794
2390:7905336
2243:2437299
1335:
1326:Marmota
1316:Marmota
1188:Cynomys
1073:Xerinae
1050:Order:
1043:Class:
883:Reuters
444:Feeding
427:coyotes
419:weasels
402:hawks.
350:Alberta
342:Montana
324:Habitat
281:Cynomys
268:gophers
249:, is a
200:, 1822)
154:Genus:
134:Order:
124:Class:
69: (
2494:457843
2481:828701
2416:930322
2403:180002
2364:741565
2269:180157
2158:
2149:
2140:
2114:
2097:
2088:
2079:
2070:
2061:
2052:
2043:
2034:
2025:
2016:
2007:
1969:Tamias
1952:
1943:
1934:
1924:
1915:
1905:
1896:
1887:
1878:
1869:
1860:
1851:
1842:
1832:
1797:
1742:
1733:
1699:
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1605:
1596:
1587:
1578:
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1560:
1551:
1542:
1533:
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1515:
1506:
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1437:
1428:
1407:
1398:
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1380:
1371:
1362:
1353:
1344:
1298:
1288:
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1222:
1213:
1204:
1170:
1161:
1127:
1118:
1109:
1100:
1068:
1061:
1054:
1047:
1040:
1033:
783:
480:burrow
415:snakes
346:Canada
243:dakrat
198:Sabine
2468:37591
2429:42561
2377:7DTRW
2308:16675
2295:51716
2251:IRMNG
2230:4YKB6
508:pests
500:pests
407:hawks
2463:NCBI
2424:IUCN
2411:ITIS
2385:GBIF
2359:BOLD
2264:ITIS
2238:GBIF
946:2011
916:2010
890:2008
864:2010
838:2010
812:2010
781:ISBN
732:2010
593:2021
576:2016
527:The
425:and
411:owls
340:and
2437:MDD
2372:CoL
2303:TSA
2277:MSW
2225:CoL
755:doi
580:doi
531:in
266:or
245:or
2513::
2491::
2478::
2465::
2452::
2439::
2426::
2413::
2400::
2387::
2374::
2361::
2346::
2331::
2305::
2292::
2279::
2266::
2253::
2240::
2227::
2212::
1421::
1328::
932:.
906:.
881:.
854:.
803:.
767:^
751:66
749:.
723:.
694:.
683:^
655:^
639:.
615:.
601:^
574:.
568:.
469:.
429:.
421:,
417:,
413:,
409:,
312:.
284:.
1932:)
1913:)
1840:)
1296:)
1007:e
1000:t
993:v
948:.
918:.
892:.
866:.
840:.
814:.
789:.
761:.
757::
734:.
709:.
677:.
649:.
625:.
595:.
582::
566:"
562:"
235:(
196:(
73:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
