2970:
2833:
2889:(1757–1790). Measuring around 130 meters on its north–south axis and 70 meters on its east–west axis, it is divided along its middle by a path from north to south which in turn is intersected by several other perpendicular paths, forming a vast, elongated version of a riad. Riads became more common in Fes only in recent centuries, as the existing architectural fabric and the sloped landscape of the city lent themselves less easily to large gardens. The late 19th-century
129:
2777:(who were based in Morocco) conquered al-Andalus in the 11th century they commissioned Muslim, Christian and Jewish artisans from al-Andalus to work on monuments in Morocco and throughout their empire, further contributing to a shared architectural and artistic heritage between al-Andalus and North Africa. The earliest known example of a true riad garden (with a symmetrical four-part division) in Morocco was found in the Almoravid palace built by
2994:, and Fes, where many of these often-crumbling houses have been restored and converted to hotels, guesthouses, or restaurants. Many of the crumbling or ruined properties in Marrakech have been bought by foreigners. This foreign interest has brought new challenges but the investment has helped with the restoration of the UNESCO site and has helped revive many of the handcrafts and artisan trades that were gradually being lost before this trend.
2908:
31:
5393:
5383:
2730:
5404:
4094:
5006:
2766:(13th-15th centuries). However, it is unclear to what extent Moroccan riads and houses were inspired by models imported by immigrants from al-Andalus or to what extent they developed locally in parallel with Andalusi versions. What is certain, however, is that there was historically a close cultural and geopolitical relationship between the two lands on either side of the
5019:
3852:
2797:
and of wider
Moorish architecture during which the model of the riad garden was perfected and established as a standard feature of interior secular or palace architecture in the region. It was particularly successful and common in Marrakesh, where the combination of climate and available space made
2938:
or mud brick. This design principle also found support in the social mores of
Islamic society, which placed great value on privacy and encouraged a separation between private family spaces (where women notably lived and worked) and semi-public spaces where outside guests were received. The central
2918:
The riad is one of two main types of traditional
Moroccan houses, often with two or more stories around an interior symmetrical garden centered around a fountain. Riads were the stately city homes of the wealthiest citizens such as merchants and courtiers who were able to build mansions which
88:. Its classic form is a rectangular garden divided into four quadrants by two paved paths intersecting in the center, where a fountain is typically situated. The planted areas are usually sunken below the level of the paths. Its origin is generally attributed to traditional
2864:
in the late 16th century, was essentially a giant rectangular riad courtyard, with symmetrical gardens, pools, and two monumental pavilions facing each other at either end. (The presence of two pavilions in this manner was also reminiscent of the layout of the much smaller
2813:– from the second half of the 15th century indicates that it had a large cruciform garden with a central fountain, four water features and four pavilions arranged in cross-formation, thus similar to riad palaces elsewhere, including the later
2855:
Riad gardens were major elements of later
Moroccan royal palaces, although sometimes in a form slightly different or more complex than the classic four-part division. The Badi Palace in Marrakesh, a lavish reception palace built by the
2749:
Scholars generally attribute the origins of riad gardens in the western
Islamic world to its antecedents in the eastern Persian world. Important examples of riads, or riad-like gardens, in al-Andalus are found at
3627:
Navarro, Julio; Garrido, Fidel; Almela, Íñigo (2018). "The Agdal of
Marrakesh (Twelfth to Twentieth Centuries): An Agricultural Space for Caliphs and Sultans. Part II: Hydraulics, Architecture, and Agriculture".
2989:
has become a common term to denote traditional
Moroccan houses in general, particularly those converted into tourist accommodation. This interest has led to a wave of renovations in towns such as Marrakesh,
2877:, replaced by modern structures today, also had a symmetrical riad-style courtyard layout. The largest riad garden in Marrakesh today is the Arsat an-Nil ("Garden of the Nile") located in the
4174:
212:
3600:
Navarro, Julio; Garrido, Fidel; Almela, Íñigo (2017). "The Agdal of
Marrakesh (Twelfth to Twentieth Centuries): An Agricultural Space for Caliphs and Sultans. Part 1: History".
2926:
gallery. Moroccan houses were inward focused, which allowed for family privacy and protection from the weather. This inward focus was expressed with a centrally placed interior
3520:
2660:. In particular, it referred to rectangular courtyard garden that is symmetrically divided into four parts along its central axes and typically has a fountain at its middle.
96:. The term "riad" is nowadays often used in Morocco to refer to a hotel or guesthouse-style accommodation with shared common areas and private rooms, often within a restored
3413:
3884:
2781:
in
Marrakesh in the early 12th century, which was part of the older Ksar al-Hajjar fortress. The era of the Almoravids and their successor dynasties (such as the
2985:
In recent years there has been a surge of interest in using traditional
Moroccan houses as part of the country's tourism industry. In this context, the term
4976:
2015:
4404:
327:
2603:
2939:
gardens of traditional riads were often planted with fruit trees such as orange trees or lemon trees. The walls of the riads could be adorned with
5449:
2722:. Interior gardens were a popular feature of palace architecture in the Islamic world because water and greenery were associated with images of
2902:
1990:
97:
4981:
4620:
3952:
3813:
3761:
3718:
1379:
4915:
1995:
1757:
921:
3877:
2684:. Interior gardens are also an ancient feature of domestic architecture in the Middle East, and the geometrically arranged gardens of
2000:
4920:
3834:
3565:
3503:
3478:
3423:
3278:
3072:
3039:
1344:
3532:
2919:
included interior gardens. The style of these riads has changed over the years, but the basic form is still used in designs today.
5439:
3969:
3165:
5386:
5055:
4889:
1856:
541:
3802:
Navarro Palazón, Julio; Jiménez Castillo, Pedro (2011). "Southerners: House and Garden in Al-Andalus". In Klápste, Jan (ed.).
4986:
4667:
3343:
3123:
1437:
3467:
Kubisch, Natasha (2011). "The Maghreb: From Morocco to Tunisia; Architecture". In Hattstein, Markus; Delius, Peter (eds.).
5459:
5454:
4966:
4961:
4956:
3912:
3870:
2806:
1732:
3779:
3240:
5434:
5317:
5312:
4971:
4951:
4946:
4925:
4798:
4186:
4030:
3922:
2596:
2277:
1339:
138:
3947:
2165:
1923:
1918:
1861:
1432:
3856:
3153:
4349:
3679:
3182:
2047:
1928:
995:
252:
2714:
after the 7th century also spread and established these architectural models across the region and all the way to
3942:
3932:
1980:
1975:
1442:
1349:
588:
482:
2969:
5120:
4899:
4182:
4108:
3161:
1846:
926:
713:
2482:
2242:
5322:
5108:
4257:
3957:
2589:
1913:
657:
583:
536:
2710:. In addition to the existing influences of Greco-Roman culture in the Mediterranean, the formation of the
5337:
5327:
4446:
3998:
2095:
2010:
1722:
1672:
1321:
1309:
891:
159:
66:
3215:
5444:
5307:
4652:
4055:
4013:
3993:
2886:
2829:
was described as featuring enclosed gardens, although nothing of these has survived to the present day.
2794:
2060:
1985:
1662:
154:
112:
2205:
2805:-era palaces in Tunisia, a contemporary description of the Ras al-Tabya palace – near the present-day
2696:, and the later evolution of such gardens can be found in the grand geometrically-arranged gardens of
5429:
5266:
4998:
4752:
4154:
4050:
4045:
4035:
4020:
4003:
3988:
3978:
3973:
3927:
3907:
3893:
2697:
2685:
2649:
1447:
454:
179:
174:
169:
164:
149:
5048:
5010:
4768:
4610:
4540:
4451:
4344:
4025:
4008:
3983:
3962:
2954:
2878:
2767:
2701:
2195:
2120:
1809:
1752:
1742:
1712:
1677:
1657:
471:
247:
184:
2798:
it well-suited to the architecture of the bourgeois mansions and royal palaces built in the city.
5113:
3937:
3645:
2866:
2822:
2135:
2070:
2055:
2025:
1824:
1819:
1804:
1697:
1692:
1386:
1359:
1354:
546:
516:
3149:
2832:
2692:
in particular. Archaeological remains of similar gardens have been found in and around ancient
128:
5246:
5151:
4707:
4119:
3830:
3809:
3803:
3757:
3714:
3708:
3561:
3499:
3474:
3419:
3339:
3274:
3192:
3119:
3068:
3035:
3029:
2786:
2782:
2774:
2719:
2681:
2677:
2669:
2653:
2311:
2292:
1838:
1799:
1747:
1737:
1727:
1702:
1687:
1650:
1536:
1281:
665:
551:
409:
5033:
3751:
4864:
4672:
4550:
4394:
4384:
4307:
4114:
3637:
3609:
3003:
2882:
2282:
2267:
2252:
2200:
2105:
2005:
1908:
1871:
1814:
1794:
1789:
1762:
1682:
1541:
1304:
1212:
1102:
1097:
881:
786:
724:
689:
681:
531:
521:
502:
424:
257:
93:
2327:
5396:
5146:
5088:
4839:
4657:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4369:
4129:
3917:
3768:. The book provides photographs of several of the most elegantly-restored Marrakech Riads.
3008:
2861:
2857:
2849:
2845:
2826:
2689:
2676:
domestic architecture. Houses centered around inner courtyards existed across the ancient
2559:
2432:
2215:
2180:
2080:
1970:
1876:
1851:
1717:
1521:
1112:
978:
968:
931:
697:
364:
307:
297:
89:
57:
2287:
3454:
Maroc Almoravide et Almohade: Architecture et décors au temps des conquérants, 1055-1269
5332:
5276:
5236:
5156:
5041:
4813:
4808:
4697:
4599:
4487:
4456:
4134:
4124:
3177:
3169:
2837:
2790:
2751:
2472:
2257:
2232:
1903:
1784:
1776:
1576:
1506:
1222:
1050:
1000:
948:
886:
831:
734:
598:
556:
419:
404:
312:
287:
232:
222:
3336:
La médina de Marrakech: Formation des espaces urbains d'une ancienne capitale du Maroc
3116:
La médina de Marrakech: Formation des espaces urbains d'une ancienne capitale du Maroc
30:
5423:
5408:
5281:
5251:
5241:
5161:
5103:
5093:
4492:
4477:
3649:
3173:
3157:
2874:
2778:
2514:
2352:
2297:
2075:
1601:
1583:
1257:
1092:
754:
673:
628:
566:
561:
487:
1596:
1588:
5358:
5353:
5261:
5256:
5171:
5166:
5130:
5098:
5083:
5023:
4778:
4040:
3582:
3396:
Palais et demeures de Fès. Vol I: Époques mérinde et saadienne (XIVe-XVIIe siècles)
2935:
2912:
2711:
2657:
2648:). Historically, the term referred to a type of interior garden common to historic
2544:
2467:
2357:
2262:
2145:
1938:
1326:
1299:
1217:
1147:
1127:
963:
958:
916:
876:
865:
650:
613:
379:
120:
35:
3415:
Architecture of the Islamic West: North Africa and the Iberian Peninsula, 700-1800
2755:
1467:
3824:
3587:
Environmental Design: Journal of the Islamic Environmental Design Research Centre
3468:
3268:
5206:
5201:
5181:
5125:
4625:
4359:
4339:
2907:
2814:
2693:
2673:
2554:
2509:
2407:
2247:
1611:
1232:
1187:
1122:
1030:
953:
806:
801:
608:
571:
526:
497:
492:
347:
3641:
3613:
5226:
4930:
4844:
4823:
4783:
4682:
4594:
4329:
4242:
4178:
4093:
2734:
2715:
2519:
2447:
2427:
2422:
2020:
1886:
1707:
1516:
1294:
1247:
1242:
1227:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1174:
1040:
943:
593:
449:
384:
369:
272:
217:
85:
17:
3196:
2893:
palace (now a museum) in Fes is a large and clear example of a classic riad.
2745:, a variation of the riad element in Muslim palace architecture of the region
5216:
5211:
5186:
4615:
4573:
4555:
4324:
4247:
4192:
2991:
2974:
2931:
2923:
2890:
2841:
2729:
2499:
2362:
2190:
2155:
2130:
2030:
1933:
1891:
1881:
816:
764:
729:
439:
242:
207:
77:
39:
2529:
1531:
1472:
1055:
3851:
3805:
The Archaeology of Medieval Europe, Vol. 2: Twelfth to Sixteenth Centuries
3062:
2844:, a riad-style palace on a grand scale, built in the late 16th century by
5191:
5176:
4747:
4584:
4545:
4482:
4425:
4399:
4364:
4262:
4083:
2940:
2870:
2763:
2738:
2706:
2564:
2477:
2457:
2442:
2397:
2392:
2337:
2237:
2210:
1606:
1566:
1526:
1060:
841:
796:
749:
739:
623:
342:
337:
332:
322:
292:
5005:
3781:
The sustainability of Urban Heritage Preservation: The case of Marrakech
3100:(in French). Paris: Arts et métiers graphiques. pp. 404 and others.
2922:
In many cases, especially for palaces, the gardens were surrounded by a
5286:
5065:
4894:
4717:
4702:
4692:
4677:
4530:
4374:
4272:
4202:
4149:
3862:
2818:
2742:
2569:
2539:
2494:
2462:
2417:
2412:
2402:
2347:
2342:
2272:
2227:
2185:
2065:
1667:
1494:
1408:
1369:
1364:
1045:
1005:
973:
791:
759:
399:
81:
5368:
5271:
5196:
4854:
4803:
4793:
4788:
4773:
4741:
4712:
4687:
4662:
4589:
4535:
4461:
4409:
4389:
4277:
4267:
4252:
4237:
2949:
2944:
2927:
2802:
2759:
2723:
2621:
2549:
2534:
2524:
2377:
2332:
2175:
2170:
2160:
2140:
2090:
1561:
1556:
1546:
1511:
1477:
1425:
1418:
1403:
1398:
1334:
1288:
1262:
1252:
1152:
1137:
1132:
1117:
1107:
1082:
1070:
1065:
1035:
1025:
1020:
911:
896:
836:
826:
821:
769:
744:
633:
618:
603:
444:
414:
394:
389:
374:
352:
282:
1267:
1087:
983:
5231:
5069:
4869:
4849:
4737:
4732:
4727:
4722:
4440:
4430:
4379:
4334:
4319:
4313:
4287:
4282:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4197:
4144:
4078:
2968:
2958:
2906:
2831:
2810:
2728:
2574:
2504:
2437:
2387:
2382:
2367:
2322:
2150:
2115:
2110:
2100:
2085:
1953:
1943:
1866:
1616:
1551:
1393:
1374:
1237:
1192:
1182:
1157:
1142:
1015:
906:
851:
846:
811:
781:
434:
429:
302:
267:
227:
202:
197:
80:
historically associated with house and palace architecture in the
29:
4859:
4818:
4604:
4578:
4435:
4354:
4170:
4139:
2452:
2372:
2125:
1958:
1948:
1462:
1413:
1010:
901:
317:
262:
237:
5037:
3866:
3756:. Images Publishing. pp. 16–71, 88–103, 138–145, 176–181.
5363:
5221:
3267:
Bloom, Jonathan M.; Blair, Sheila S., eds. (2009). "Garden".
3398:. Éditions du Centre national de la recherche scientifique.
3707:
Wilbaux, Quentin; Lebrun, Michel; McElhearn, Kirk (2008).
2934:, and the lack of large windows on the exterior walls of
3273:. Vol. 2. Oxford University Press. pp. 87–88.
3118:(in French). Paris: L'Harmattan. pp. 57–60, 69–75.
3394:
Revault, Jacques; Golvin, Lucien; Amahan, Ali (1985).
3270:
The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art and Architecture
3216:"Accommodation in Morocco | Where to stay in Morocco"
3702:
3700:
3498:(in French). Éditions de Boccard. pp. 138–139.
2643:
2631:
71:
5346:
5300:
5139:
5076:
4939:
4908:
4882:
4832:
4761:
4645:
4638:
4564:
4521:
4470:
4418:
4296:
4212:
4163:
4101:
4071:
4064:
3900:
2758:(11th century), the Castillejo of Monteagudo (near
3496:Tlemcen médiévale: urbanisme, architecture et arts
3297:. Basel, Switzerland: Publishers for Architecture.
2668:Riad architecture ultimately has ancient roots in
3440:A Practical Guide to Islamic Monuments in Morocco
3034:. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 226.
42:, built in the late 19th and early 20th centuries
3745:
3743:
2873:.) The Saadian palace built by al-Mansur in the
3442:. Charlottesville, Virginia: Baraka Press. p.14
3378:(in French). Paris: Arts et métiers graphiques.
3684:Discover Islamic Art, Museum With No Frontiers
5049:
3878:
3667:. Rabat: Éditions Techniques Nord-Africaines.
2597:
8:
2637:
2625:
3753:Marrakech: Living on the Edge of the Desert
3737:. Santa Barbara, California: Praeger. p.126
3558:Marrakech: Splendeurs saadiennes: 1550-1650
5056:
5042:
5034:
4642:
4068:
3885:
3871:
3863:
3183:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
2604:
2590:
2016:On the Harmony of Religions and Philosophy
107:
3710:Marrakesh: The Secret of Courtyard Houses
3735:The Almoravids and the Meanings of Jihad
3049:– (Maghreb) an interior courtyard garden
3079:North African term for a walled garden.
3020:
119:
3369:
3367:
3365:
3363:
3361:
3359:
3357:
3355:
3329:
3327:
3325:
3323:
3091:
3089:
3087:
2903:Historic house architecture in Morocco
1991:Encyclopedia of the Brethren of Purity
3750:Listri, Massimo; Rey, Daniel (2005).
3551:
3549:
3407:
3405:
3389:
3387:
3385:
3321:
3319:
3317:
3315:
3313:
3311:
3309:
3307:
3305:
3303:
3262:
3260:
7:
3829:. University of Pennsylvania Press.
3210:
3208:
3206:
3143:
3141:
3139:
3137:
3135:
3109:
3107:
3376:L'architecture musulmane d'Occident
3152:& Bazmee Ansari, A. S. (1960).
3098:L'architecture musulmane d'Occident
2638:
2626:
1996:The Incoherence of the Philosophers
1651:National literatures of Arab States
61:
4921:Influences on Western architecture
3787:. Inter-American Development Bank.
3521:"Le grand Riad du palais du Badi'"
3064:Dictionary of Islamic Architecture
2973:Courtyard of a riad guesthouse in
2911:A restored house in riad-style in
2001:The Incoherence of the Incoherence
92:whose influence spread during the
25:
3061:Petersen, Andrew (1996). "riad".
2897:In Moroccan domestic architecture
2881:and dating from the reign of the
5402:
5392:
5391:
5382:
5381:
5017:
5004:
4092:
3850:
127:
27:Type of interior garden or house
5387:Category:Tourist accommodations
4890:Aga Khan Award for Architecture
2801:Although little remains of the
5450:Islamic architectural elements
3826:Islamic Gardens and Landscapes
3823:Ruggles, D. Fairchild (2011).
3665:Marrakech: Des origines à 1912
3583:"The Sadi Qasaba of Marrakech"
3031:Islamic Gardens and Landscapes
3028:Ruggles, D. Fairchild (2008).
1:
3808:. Aarhus Universitetsforlag.
4982:Sudano-Sahelian architecture
3581:Barrucand, Marianne (1989).
3473:. h.f.ullmann. p. 319.
2793:) was a formative period of
3494:Charpentier, Agnès (2018).
3470:Islam: Art and Architecture
3412:Bloom, Jonathan M. (2020).
2644:
2632:
2166:One Thousand and One Nights
72:
5476:
4350:Islamic geometric patterns
3733:Messier, Ronald A. (2010)
3642:10.1163/22118993_03501P003
3614:10.1163/22118993_03401P003
2900:
1929:Arcs of Descent and Ascent
996:Andalusian classical music
922:Arabic musical instruments
253:Islamic geometric patterns
5377:
4995:
4784:Dar al-Shifa (Bimaristan)
4090:
3663:Deverdun, Gaston (1959).
3531:: 129–134. Archived from
3418:. Yale University Press.
3374:Marçais, Georges (1954).
3334:Wilbaux, Quentin (2001).
3114:Wilbaux, Quentin (2001).
3096:Marçais, Georges (1954).
2680:and, before that, in the
1976:The Theology of Aristotle
1443:Pre-Islamic Arabic poetry
1340:Love in Arabic literature
589:Arabic geometric patterns
552:Islamic hardstone carving
483:Ancient South Arabian art
5121:Hotel television systems
5064:Tourist accommodations,
4900:Museum with No Frontiers
3293:Blaser, Werner. (2004).
2762:, 12th century) and the
1345:Arabic erotic literature
542:Palestinian wood carving
5440:Architecture in Morocco
5011:Architecture portal
3778:Gigio, Anthony (2010).
3556:Salmon, Xavier (2016).
3452:Salmon, Xavier (2018).
3295:Courtyards in Marrakech
3191:. Leiden: E. J. Brill.
2733:Interior garden in the
1852:Islamic Aristotelianism
1847:Early Arabic Philosophy
4916:Indo-Saracenic Revival
4316:(multicoloured ashlar)
3519:Meunier, Jean (1957).
3338:. Paris: L'Harmattan.
2982:
2953:tiles, sometimes with
2915:
2852:
2746:
2489:South Arabian deities
2011:Theologus Autodidactus
892:Rhythm in Arabic music
76:) is a type of garden
43:
4653:Congregational mosque
4111:(four-arch structure)
3241:"Sleeping in Morocco"
2972:
2910:
2887:Muhammad Ibn Abdallah
2835:
2795:Moroccan architecture
2732:
2318:North Arabian deities
2222:Fictional Arab people
2061:Atlantis of the Sands
1986:The Book of the Apple
567:Islamic ivory carving
34:A riad garden in the
33:
5460:Moorish architecture
5455:Islamic architecture
5318:Defunct hotel chains
5313:Chained-brand hotels
4977:Ottoman architecture
4967:Moorish architecture
4962:Islamic architecture
4957:Iranian architecture
4380:Sebka (Darj-wa-ktaf)
4234:(or müezzin mahfili)
3894:Islamic architecture
3859:at Wikimedia Commons
3713:. ACR. p. 380.
2957:and quotes from the
2754:(10th century), the
2690:Iranian civilization
2686:Islamic architecture
2650:Moorish architecture
2624:term for "gardens":
1448:Modern Arabic poetry
1123:Gnawa (North Africa)
964:Classical Arab music
5435:Arabic architecture
5014: •
5001: •
4987:Yemeni architecture
4972:Mughal architecture
4952:Berber architecture
4947:Arabic architecture
4611:Salsabil (fountain)
4345:Islamic calligraphy
3438:Parker, R. (1981).
2768:Strait of Gibraltar
2702:Mughal architecture
2682:ancient Middle East
2121:Iram of the Pillars
1380:Mirrors for princes
927:Great Book of Music
660:(Arabian Peninsula)
248:Islamic calligraphy
98:traditional mansion
4688:Kuttab (or maktab)
3678:Mezzine, Mohamed.
3560:. Paris: LienArt.
3166:Lévi-Provençal, E.
2983:
2955:Arabic calligraphy
2916:
2867:Court of the Lions
2853:
2747:
2243:Altaïr Ibn-La'Ahad
2071:Beast of the Earth
2026:Sicilian Questions
1857:Islamic Platonism
1810:Arabic mathematics
1360:Arabic short story
1355:Literary_criticism
547:Islamic embroidery
517:Arabic calligraphy
44:
5417:
5416:
5409:Hotels portal
5247:Pension (lodging)
5152:Bed and breakfast
5031:
5030:
4878:
4877:
4634:
4633:
4621:Shading Umbrellas
4405:Stucco decoration
4305:For overview, see
4120:Four-centred arch
3855:Media related to
3815:978-87-7124-426-7
3763:978-1-86470-152-4
3720:978-2-86770-130-6
3456:. Paris: LienArt.
2817:in Marrakesh. In
2720:Iberian Peninsula
2678:Greco-Roman world
2654:Iberian Peninsula
2636:), the plural of
2614:
2613:
1914:Al-Insān al-Kāmil
1825:Arabic technology
1820:Arabic psychology
1805:Arabic Golden Age
572:Islamic Metalwork
328:Stucco decoration
70:
16:(Redirected from
5467:
5407:
5406:
5405:
5395:
5394:
5385:
5384:
5058:
5051:
5044:
5035:
5024:Islam portal
5022:
5021:
5020:
5009:
5008:
4643:
4308:Islamic ornament
4187:South Asian dome
4115:Discharging arch
4096:
4069:
3913:Anatolian Seljuk
3887:
3880:
3873:
3864:
3857:Riads in Morocco
3854:
3840:
3819:
3789:
3788:
3786:
3775:
3769:
3767:
3747:
3738:
3731:
3725:
3724:
3704:
3695:
3694:
3692:
3690:
3675:
3669:
3668:
3660:
3654:
3653:
3624:
3618:
3617:
3597:
3591:
3590:
3578:
3572:
3571:
3553:
3544:
3543:
3541:
3540:
3516:
3510:
3509:
3491:
3485:
3484:
3464:
3458:
3457:
3449:
3443:
3436:
3430:
3429:
3409:
3400:
3399:
3391:
3380:
3379:
3371:
3350:
3349:
3331:
3298:
3291:
3285:
3284:
3264:
3255:
3254:
3252:
3251:
3236:
3230:
3229:
3227:
3226:
3212:
3201:
3200:
3150:Marçais, Georges
3145:
3130:
3129:
3111:
3102:
3101:
3093:
3082:
3081:
3058:
3052:
3051:
3025:
3004:Andalusian patio
2947:decoration, and
2752:Madinat al-Zahra
2647:
2641:
2640:
2635:
2629:
2628:
2606:
2599:
2592:
2283:Princess Jasmine
2268:Layla and Majnun
2253:Hayy ibn Yaqdhan
2201:She-Camel of God
2196:Shams al-Ma'arif
2006:Hayy ibn Yaqdhan
1872:Sufi metaphysics
1800:Arabic geography
1795:Arabic astronomy
1790:Arabic astrology
1785:Arabic chemistry
1350:Arabic grimoires
1330:
1103:Chaabi (Morocco)
1098:Chaabi (Algeria)
882:Arab tone system
701:
693:
685:
677:
669:
661:
532:Arabic miniature
258:Islamic ornament
131:
108:
75:
65:
63:
21:
5475:
5474:
5470:
5469:
5468:
5466:
5465:
5464:
5420:
5419:
5418:
5413:
5403:
5401:
5397:Category:Hotels
5373:
5342:
5296:
5147:Apartment hotel
5135:
5089:Hotel detective
5072:
5062:
5032:
5027:
5018:
5016:
5003:
4991:
4935:
4926:Moorish Revival
4904:
4874:
4840:Albarrana tower
4828:
4757:
4744:in modern Iran)
4658:Dar al-Muwaqqit
4630:
4581:(fountain type)
4566:
4560:
4523:
4517:
4508:Reflecting pool
4503:Persian gardens
4498:Paradise garden
4466:
4443:(entrance hall)
4414:
4370:Nagash painting
4292:
4214:
4208:
4159:
4130:Lambrequin arch
4097:
4088:
4060:
4031:Sudano-Sahelian
3896:
3891:
3847:
3837:
3822:
3816:
3801:
3798:
3796:Further reading
3793:
3792:
3784:
3777:
3776:
3772:
3764:
3749:
3748:
3741:
3732:
3728:
3721:
3706:
3705:
3698:
3688:
3686:
3677:
3676:
3672:
3662:
3661:
3657:
3626:
3625:
3621:
3599:
3598:
3594:
3580:
3579:
3575:
3568:
3555:
3554:
3547:
3538:
3536:
3518:
3517:
3513:
3506:
3493:
3492:
3488:
3481:
3466:
3465:
3461:
3451:
3450:
3446:
3437:
3433:
3426:
3411:
3410:
3403:
3393:
3392:
3383:
3373:
3372:
3353:
3346:
3333:
3332:
3301:
3292:
3288:
3281:
3266:
3265:
3258:
3249:
3247:
3239:Lonely Planet.
3238:
3237:
3233:
3224:
3222:
3214:
3213:
3204:
3147:
3146:
3133:
3126:
3113:
3112:
3105:
3095:
3094:
3085:
3075:
3060:
3059:
3055:
3042:
3027:
3026:
3022:
3017:
3009:Courtyard house
3000:
2979:Riad du Figuier
2967:
2905:
2899:
2862:Ahmad al-Mansur
2850:Ahmad al-Mansur
2827:Mechouar Palace
2821:, Algeria, the
2666:
2652:in Al-Andalus (
2620:comes from the
2610:
2581:
2580:
2579:
2483:Isāf and Nā'ila
2314:
2304:
2303:
2302:
2216:Zarqa al Yamama
2081:Book of Wonders
2050:
2040:
2039:
2038:
2036:
1971:Liber de Causis
1877:Sufi philosophy
1841:
1831:
1830:
1829:
1815:Arabic medicine
1779:
1769:
1768:
1767:
1328:
1322:Epic literature
1284:
1274:
1273:
1272:
1177:
1167:
1166:
1165:
1163:
1113:Fann at-Tanbura
932:Kitab al-Aghani
868:
858:
857:
856:
716:
706:
705:
699:
691:
683:
675:
667:
659:
653:
643:
642:
641:
639:
522:Arabic graffiti
474:
464:
463:
462:
460:
365:Albarrana tower
308:Reflecting pool
298:Nagash painting
190:
141:
106:
90:Persian gardens
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5473:
5471:
5463:
5462:
5457:
5452:
5447:
5442:
5437:
5432:
5422:
5421:
5415:
5414:
5412:
5411:
5399:
5389:
5378:
5375:
5374:
5372:
5371:
5366:
5361:
5356:
5350:
5348:
5344:
5343:
5341:
5340:
5338:Tallest hotels
5335:
5330:
5328:Largest hotels
5325:
5320:
5315:
5310:
5304:
5302:
5298:
5297:
5295:
5294:
5289:
5284:
5279:
5277:Stopping house
5274:
5269:
5264:
5259:
5254:
5249:
5244:
5239:
5234:
5229:
5224:
5219:
5214:
5209:
5204:
5199:
5194:
5189:
5184:
5179:
5174:
5169:
5164:
5159:
5157:Boutique hotel
5154:
5149:
5143:
5141:
5137:
5136:
5134:
5133:
5128:
5123:
5118:
5117:
5116:
5111:
5101:
5096:
5091:
5086:
5080:
5078:
5074:
5073:
5063:
5061:
5060:
5053:
5046:
5038:
5029:
5028:
4996:
4993:
4992:
4990:
4989:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4949:
4943:
4941:
4940:Category pages
4937:
4936:
4934:
4933:
4928:
4923:
4918:
4912:
4910:
4906:
4905:
4903:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4886:
4884:
4880:
4879:
4876:
4875:
4873:
4872:
4867:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4847:
4842:
4836:
4834:
4830:
4829:
4827:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4814:Medina quarter
4811:
4806:
4801:
4796:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4765:
4763:
4759:
4758:
4756:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4735:
4730:
4725:
4720:
4715:
4710:
4705:
4700:
4695:
4690:
4685:
4680:
4675:
4670:
4665:
4660:
4655:
4649:
4647:
4640:
4636:
4635:
4632:
4631:
4629:
4628:
4623:
4618:
4613:
4608:
4602:
4600:Riwaq (arcade)
4597:
4592:
4587:
4582:
4576:
4570:
4568:
4562:
4561:
4559:
4558:
4553:
4548:
4543:
4538:
4533:
4527:
4525:
4519:
4518:
4516:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4488:Islamic garden
4485:
4480:
4474:
4472:
4468:
4467:
4465:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4438:
4433:
4428:
4422:
4420:
4416:
4415:
4413:
4412:
4407:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4337:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4317:
4311:
4300:
4298:
4294:
4293:
4291:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4265:
4260:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4240:
4235:
4229:
4224:
4218:
4216:
4210:
4209:
4207:
4206:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4167:
4165:
4161:
4160:
4158:
4157:
4152:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4135:Multifoil arch
4132:
4127:
4125:Horseshoe arch
4122:
4117:
4112:
4105:
4103:
4099:
4098:
4091:
4089:
4087:
4086:
4081:
4075:
4073:
4066:
4062:
4061:
4059:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4017:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3967:
3966:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3904:
3902:
3898:
3897:
3892:
3890:
3889:
3882:
3875:
3867:
3861:
3860:
3846:
3845:External links
3843:
3842:
3841:
3835:
3820:
3814:
3797:
3794:
3791:
3790:
3770:
3762:
3739:
3726:
3719:
3696:
3680:"Batha Palace"
3670:
3655:
3619:
3592:
3573:
3566:
3545:
3511:
3504:
3486:
3479:
3459:
3444:
3431:
3424:
3401:
3381:
3351:
3344:
3299:
3286:
3279:
3256:
3231:
3202:
3162:Kramers, J. H.
3158:Gibb, H. A. R.
3148:Naficy, Said;
3131:
3124:
3103:
3083:
3073:
3053:
3040:
3019:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3012:
3011:
3006:
2999:
2996:
2966:
2963:
2901:Main article:
2898:
2895:
2674:Middle Eastern
2665:
2662:
2612:
2611:
2609:
2608:
2601:
2594:
2586:
2583:
2582:
2578:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2486:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2316:
2315:
2310:
2309:
2306:
2305:
2301:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2258:Kara Ben Nemsi
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2233:Abdul Alhazred
2230:
2219:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2052:
2051:
2046:
2045:
2042:
2041:
2034:
2033:
2031:Fusus al-Hikam
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1962:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1904:Al-aql al-faal
1895:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1843:
1842:
1837:
1836:
1833:
1832:
1828:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1781:
1780:
1775:
1774:
1771:
1770:
1766:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1647:
1646:
1643:
1640:
1637:
1634:
1631:
1628:
1625:
1622:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1591:
1586:
1577:Arabic prosody
1573:
1572:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1498:
1497:
1492:
1489:
1486:
1483:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1451:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1422:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1383:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1329:(ryhmed prose)
1324:
1313:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1286:
1285:
1280:
1279:
1276:
1275:
1271:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1179:
1178:
1173:
1172:
1169:
1168:
1161:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1074:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1051:Qudud Halabiya
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
1001:Andalusi nubah
998:
987:
986:
981:
976:
971:
966:
961:
956:
951:
949:Arabic hip hop
946:
935:
934:
929:
924:
919:
914:
909:
904:
899:
894:
889:
887:Algerian scale
884:
879:
870:
869:
864:
863:
860:
859:
855:
854:
849:
844:
839:
834:
832:Robe of honour
829:
824:
819:
814:
809:
804:
799:
794:
789:
784:
773:
772:
767:
765:Tarboush (fez)
762:
757:
752:
747:
742:
737:
732:
727:
718:
717:
712:
711:
708:
707:
704:
703:
700:(North Africa)
695:
687:
679:
671:
663:
654:
649:
648:
645:
644:
637:
636:
631:
626:
621:
616:
611:
606:
601:
599:Damascus steel
596:
591:
586:
575:
574:
569:
564:
559:
557:Islamic garden
554:
549:
544:
539:
537:Arabic pottery
534:
529:
524:
519:
508:
507:
506:
505:
500:
490:
485:
476:
475:
470:
469:
466:
465:
458:
457:
452:
447:
442:
437:
432:
427:
422:
420:Medina quarter
417:
412:
407:
402:
397:
392:
387:
382:
377:
372:
367:
356:
355:
350:
345:
340:
335:
330:
325:
320:
315:
310:
305:
300:
295:
290:
288:Multifoil arch
285:
280:
275:
270:
265:
260:
255:
250:
245:
240:
235:
233:Horseshoe arch
230:
225:
220:
215:
210:
205:
200:
188:
187:
182:
177:
172:
167:
162:
157:
152:
143:
142:
137:
136:
133:
132:
124:
123:
121:Arabic culture
117:
116:
105:
102:
94:Islamic period
26:
24:
18:Riad (Morocco)
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5472:
5461:
5458:
5456:
5453:
5451:
5448:
5446:
5443:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5433:
5431:
5428:
5427:
5425:
5410:
5400:
5398:
5390:
5388:
5380:
5379:
5376:
5370:
5367:
5365:
5362:
5360:
5357:
5355:
5352:
5351:
5349:
5345:
5339:
5336:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5308:Casino hotels
5306:
5305:
5303:
5299:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5282:Transit hotel
5280:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5253:
5252:Pension hotel
5250:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5242:Patient hotel
5240:
5238:
5235:
5233:
5230:
5228:
5225:
5223:
5220:
5218:
5215:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5200:
5198:
5195:
5193:
5190:
5188:
5185:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5162:Capsule hotel
5160:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5145:
5144:
5142:
5138:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5115:
5112:
5110:
5107:
5106:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5094:Hotel manager
5092:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5082:
5081:
5079:
5075:
5071:
5067:
5059:
5054:
5052:
5047:
5045:
5040:
5039:
5036:
5026:
5025:
5013:
5012:
5007:
5000:
4994:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4944:
4942:
4938:
4932:
4929:
4927:
4924:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4914:
4913:
4911:
4907:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4887:
4885:
4881:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4837:
4835:
4831:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4799:Hasht-Bihisht
4797:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4766:
4764:
4760:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4743:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4673:Jama'at Khana
4671:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4650:
4648:
4644:
4641:
4637:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4619:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4609:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4571:
4569:
4563:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4528:
4526:
4520:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4493:Mughal garden
4491:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4475:
4473:
4469:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4423:
4421:
4417:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4315:
4312:
4309:
4306:
4302:
4301:
4299:
4295:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4219:
4217:
4211:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4188:
4184:
4180:
4176:
4172:
4169:
4168:
4166:
4162:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4110:
4107:
4106:
4104:
4100:
4095:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4076:
4074:
4070:
4067:
4063:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3991:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3971:
3968:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3945:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3905:
3903:
3899:
3895:
3888:
3883:
3881:
3876:
3874:
3869:
3868:
3865:
3858:
3853:
3849:
3848:
3844:
3838:
3836:9780812207286
3832:
3828:
3827:
3821:
3817:
3811:
3807:
3806:
3800:
3799:
3795:
3783:
3782:
3774:
3771:
3765:
3759:
3755:
3754:
3746:
3744:
3740:
3736:
3730:
3727:
3722:
3716:
3712:
3711:
3703:
3701:
3697:
3685:
3681:
3674:
3671:
3666:
3659:
3656:
3651:
3647:
3643:
3639:
3635:
3631:
3623:
3620:
3615:
3611:
3607:
3603:
3596:
3593:
3588:
3584:
3577:
3574:
3569:
3567:9782359061826
3563:
3559:
3552:
3550:
3546:
3535:on 2021-02-28
3534:
3530:
3526:
3522:
3515:
3512:
3507:
3505:9782701805252
3501:
3497:
3490:
3487:
3482:
3480:9783848003808
3476:
3472:
3471:
3463:
3460:
3455:
3448:
3445:
3441:
3435:
3432:
3427:
3425:9780300218701
3421:
3417:
3416:
3408:
3406:
3402:
3397:
3390:
3388:
3386:
3382:
3377:
3370:
3368:
3366:
3364:
3362:
3360:
3358:
3356:
3352:
3347:
3341:
3337:
3330:
3328:
3326:
3324:
3322:
3320:
3318:
3316:
3314:
3312:
3310:
3308:
3306:
3304:
3300:
3296:
3290:
3287:
3282:
3280:9780195309911
3276:
3272:
3271:
3263:
3261:
3257:
3246:
3245:Lonely Planet
3242:
3235:
3232:
3221:
3217:
3211:
3209:
3207:
3203:
3198:
3194:
3190:
3186:
3184:
3179:
3175:
3171:
3167:
3163:
3159:
3155:
3151:
3144:
3142:
3140:
3138:
3136:
3132:
3127:
3121:
3117:
3110:
3108:
3104:
3099:
3092:
3090:
3088:
3084:
3080:
3076:
3074:9781134613663
3070:
3067:. Routledge.
3066:
3065:
3057:
3054:
3050:
3048:
3043:
3041:9780812207286
3037:
3033:
3032:
3024:
3021:
3014:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3001:
2997:
2995:
2993:
2988:
2980:
2976:
2971:
2964:
2962:
2960:
2956:
2952:
2951:
2946:
2942:
2937:
2933:
2929:
2925:
2920:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2896:
2894:
2892:
2888:
2884:
2880:
2876:
2875:Agdal Gardens
2872:
2868:
2863:
2859:
2851:
2847:
2843:
2839:
2834:
2830:
2828:
2824:
2820:
2816:
2812:
2808:
2804:
2799:
2796:
2792:
2788:
2784:
2780:
2779:Ali ibn Yusuf
2776:
2771:
2769:
2765:
2761:
2757:
2753:
2744:
2740:
2736:
2731:
2727:
2725:
2721:
2717:
2713:
2712:Islamic world
2709:
2708:
2704:, known as a
2703:
2699:
2695:
2691:
2687:
2683:
2679:
2675:
2671:
2670:Mediterranean
2663:
2661:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2646:
2634:
2623:
2619:
2607:
2602:
2600:
2595:
2593:
2588:
2587:
2585:
2584:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2492:
2491:
2490:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2320:
2319:
2313:
2308:
2307:
2299:
2298:Talia al Ghul
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2225:
2224:
2223:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2076:Book of Idols
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2053:
2049:
2044:
2043:
2037:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1968:
1967:
1966:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1909:Aql bi-l-fi'l
1907:
1905:
1902:
1901:
1900:
1899:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1862:Islamic Logic
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1844:
1840:
1835:
1834:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1782:
1778:
1773:
1772:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1655:
1654:
1653:
1652:
1644:
1641:
1638:
1635:
1632:
1629:
1626:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1581:
1580:
1579:
1578:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1504:
1503:
1502:
1496:
1493:
1490:
1487:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1458:
1457:
1456:
1455:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1430:
1429:
1428:
1427:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1391:
1390:
1389:
1388:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1319:
1318:
1317:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1292:
1291:
1290:
1283:
1278:
1277:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1180:
1176:
1171:
1170:
1164:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1108:Egyptian folk
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1080:
1079:
1078:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
993:
992:
991:
985:
982:
980:
977:
975:
972:
970:
967:
965:
962:
960:
957:
955:
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
941:
940:
939:
933:
930:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
915:
913:
910:
908:
905:
903:
900:
898:
895:
893:
890:
888:
885:
883:
880:
878:
875:
874:
873:
867:
862:
861:
853:
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
830:
828:
825:
823:
820:
818:
815:
813:
810:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
779:
778:
777:
771:
768:
766:
763:
761:
758:
756:
753:
751:
748:
746:
743:
741:
738:
736:
733:
731:
728:
726:
723:
722:
721:
715:
710:
709:
702:
698:Arab Maghreb
696:
694:
688:
686:
680:
678:
676:(Mesopotamia)
672:
670:
666:Arab Mashriq
664:
662:
656:
655:
652:
647:
646:
640:
635:
632:
630:
629:Pseudo-Arabic
627:
625:
622:
620:
617:
615:
612:
610:
607:
605:
602:
600:
597:
595:
592:
590:
587:
585:
582:
581:
580:
579:
573:
570:
568:
565:
563:
562:Islamic glass
560:
558:
555:
553:
550:
548:
545:
543:
540:
538:
535:
533:
530:
528:
525:
523:
520:
518:
515:
514:
513:
512:
504:
501:
499:
496:
495:
494:
491:
489:
488:Nabataean art
486:
484:
481:
480:
479:
473:
468:
467:
461:
456:
453:
451:
448:
446:
443:
441:
438:
436:
433:
431:
428:
426:
423:
421:
418:
416:
413:
411:
408:
406:
403:
401:
398:
396:
393:
391:
388:
386:
383:
381:
378:
376:
373:
371:
368:
366:
363:
362:
361:
360:
354:
351:
349:
346:
344:
341:
339:
336:
334:
331:
329:
326:
324:
321:
319:
316:
314:
311:
309:
306:
304:
301:
299:
296:
294:
291:
289:
286:
284:
281:
279:
276:
274:
271:
269:
266:
264:
261:
259:
256:
254:
251:
249:
246:
244:
241:
239:
236:
234:
231:
229:
226:
224:
221:
219:
216:
214:
211:
209:
206:
204:
201:
199:
196:
195:
194:
193:
186:
183:
181:
178:
176:
173:
171:
168:
166:
163:
161:
158:
156:
153:
151:
148:
147:
146:
140:
135:
134:
130:
126:
125:
122:
118:
114:
110:
109:
103:
101:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
74:
68:
59:
55:
54:
49:
41:
37:
32:
19:
5445:House styles
5359:Mountain hut
5354:Coaching inn
5291:
5262:Resort hotel
5257:Pop-up hotel
5237:Palace hotel
5172:Casino hotel
5167:Caravanserai
5131:Room service
5114:Presidential
5099:Hotel rating
5084:Hotel design
5015:
5002:
4999:Islamic arts
4779:Caravanserai
4512:
4304:
4258:Loudspeakers
4183:Persian dome
4145:Pointed arch
3943:Indo-Islamic
3933:Great Seljuk
3825:
3804:
3780:
3773:
3752:
3734:
3729:
3709:
3687:. Retrieved
3683:
3673:
3664:
3658:
3633:
3629:
3622:
3608:(1): 23–42.
3605:
3601:
3595:
3586:
3576:
3557:
3537:. Retrieved
3533:the original
3528:
3524:
3514:
3495:
3489:
3469:
3462:
3453:
3447:
3439:
3434:
3414:
3395:
3375:
3335:
3294:
3289:
3269:
3248:. Retrieved
3244:
3234:
3223:. Retrieved
3220:Rough Guides
3219:
3188:
3181:
3115:
3097:
3078:
3063:
3056:
3046:
3045:
3030:
3023:
2986:
2984:
2978:
2948:
2936:rammed earth
2921:
2917:
2879:Royal Palace
2854:
2800:
2772:
2748:
2705:
2688:derive from
2667:
2658:North Africa
2617:
2615:
2545:Dhul Khalasa
2488:
2487:
2317:
2312:Spirituality
2288:Ra's al Ghul
2263:King Marsile
2221:
2220:
2146:Magic carpet
2035:
1964:
1963:
1897:
1896:
1733:Saudi Arabia
1649:
1648:
1575:
1574:
1500:
1499:
1453:
1452:
1424:
1423:
1385:
1384:
1315:
1314:
1287:
1162:
1088:Algerian Raï
1076:
1075:
989:
988:
937:
936:
917:Quarter tone
877:Arabic maqam
871:
775:
774:
719:
638:
614:Hedwig glass
577:
576:
510:
509:
477:
459:
380:Caravanserai
358:
357:
277:
191:
189:
144:
139:Architecture
52:
51:
47:
45:
36:Bahia Palace
5430:House types
5207:Hotel garni
5202:Hotel barge
5182:Condo hotel
5126:Hotel thief
5104:Hotel suite
4626:Windcatcher
4607:(courtyard)
4360:Mosque lamp
4340:Girih tiles
4297:Decorations
4175:Arabic dome
3689:February 4,
3636:(1): 1–64.
3178:Pellat, Ch.
3170:Schacht, J.
2838:Badi Palace
2815:Badi Palace
2707:chahar bagh
2694:Mesopotamia
2248:Battal Gazi
1433:Anthologies
1233:Raqs Sharqi
1188:Belly dance
1031:Iraqi maqam
959:Arabic jazz
954:Arabic rock
807:Fouta towel
609:Girih tiles
527:Arab carpet
498:Fatimid art
493:Islamic art
348:Windcatcher
213:Arabic dome
5424:Categories
5227:Love hotel
4909:Influences
4824:Well house
4595:Mashrabiya
4243:Hussainiya
4179:Onion dome
3970:Indonesian
3958:Qutb Shahi
3539:2021-02-04
3345:2747523888
3250:2020-05-31
3225:2020-05-31
3125:2747523888
3015:References
2789:, and the
2775:Almoravids
2735:Generalife
2726:in Islam.
2716:al-Andalus
2520:Dhat-Badan
2448:Theandrios
2428:Baalshamin
2423:Atarsamain
2278:Palamedes
2021:Muqaddimah
1981:Al-isharat
1887:Avicennism
1839:Philosophy
1708:Mauritania
1517:Muwashshah
1482:Khamriyyah
1282:Literature
1228:Ouled Nail
1041:Muwashshah
944:Arabic pop
503:Mamluk art
450:Well house
385:Bimaristan
273:Mashrabiya
86:al-Andalus
5267:Roadhouse
5217:Ice hotel
5212:Hotelship
5187:Eco hotel
5109:Honeymoon
4883:Resources
4646:Religious
4616:Shabestan
4574:Hypostyle
4556:Shadirvan
4325:Arabesque
4248:Imamzadeh
4213:Religious
4193:Semi-dome
4140:Ogee arch
4109:Chahartaq
4072:Materials
3999:Almoravid
3974:Malaysian
3650:116253890
3197:495469456
3187:Volume I:
3174:Lewis, B.
2992:Essaouira
2975:Essaouira
2943:plaster,
2932:courtyard
2924:peristyle
2891:Dar Batha
2842:Marrakesh
2773:When the
2756:Aljaferia
2616:The term
2363:Al-Kutbay
2191:Shadhavar
2156:Mount Qaf
2131:Karkadann
2048:Mythology
1934:Asabiyyah
1892:Averroism
1723:Palestine
1645:Mutadārik
1642:Mutaqārib
1633:Mujtathth
1485:Tardiyyah
1305:Classical
1248:Schikhatt
1213:Khaleegy
990:Art music
817:Jellabiya
730:Battoulah
584:Arabesque
578:Features
440:Shadirvan
243:Hypostyle
208:Arabesque
192:Features
160:Nabataean
104:Etymology
78:courtyard
67:romanized
40:Marrakesh
5192:Gasthaus
5177:Choultry
4997:Part of
4833:Military
4769:Baradari
4762:Civilian
4585:Jharokha
4546:Mechouar
4483:Charbagh
4426:Andaruni
4400:Socarrat
4365:Muqarnas
4263:Maqsurah
4155:Vaulting
4084:Tadelakt
4065:Elements
4014:Zayyanid
3994:Aghlabid
3630:Muqarnas
3602:Muqarnas
3589:: 18–27.
3525:Hespéris
3180:(eds.).
3154:"Būstān"
2998:See also
2941:tadelakt
2883:Alaouite
2871:Alhambra
2823:Zayyanid
2787:Marinids
2783:Almohads
2764:Alhambra
2739:Alhambra
2724:paradise
2478:Yarhibol
2458:Malakbel
2328:Al-‘Uzzá
2238:Ali Baba
2211:Zulfiqar
1898:Concepts
1882:Farabism
1673:Djibouti
1630:Muqtaḍab
1624:Munsariħ
1567:Ghinnawa
1542:Riddles
1527:Mathnawi
1289:Language
1243:Shamadan
1208:Hagallah
1061:Tahmilah
842:Takchita
802:Durra'ah
797:Djellaba
776:Clothing
750:Madhalla
740:Keffiyeh
720:Headwear
674:Mashriq
668:(Levant)
624:Muqarnas
343:Voussoir
338:Vaulting
333:Tadelakt
323:Socarrat
293:Muqarnas
113:a series
111:Part of
5347:Related
5287:Turbaza
5077:General
5066:lodging
4931:Mudéjar
4895:ArchNet
4845:Alcázar
4718:Musalla
4703:Maqbara
4693:Madrasa
4683:Külliye
4678:Khanqah
4668:Gongbei
4567:cooling
4565:Passive
4531:Chhatri
4524:objects
4522:Outdoor
4471:Gardens
4447:Mirador
4385:Shabaka
4375:Qashani
4330:Banna'i
4273:Minaret
4215:objects
4205:(eaves)
4203:Chhajja
4150:Squinch
4051:Umayyad
4046:Timurid
4036:Swahili
4021:Ottoman
4004:Almohad
3989:Moorish
3979:Iranian
3948:Bengali
3928:Fatimid
3923:Chinese
3918:Ayyubid
3908:Abbasid
2965:Tourism
2885:sultan
2869:in the
2860:sultan
2858:Saadian
2848:sultan
2846:Saadian
2819:Tlemcen
2791:Nasrids
2743:Granada
2737:of the
2718:in the
2698:Iranian
2664:History
2570:Yaghūth
2540:Basamum
2495:Almaqah
2463:Orotalt
2418:Al-Qaum
2413:Aglibol
2348:Chaabou
2343:Dushara
2293:Sindbad
2273:Othello
2228:Aladdin
2186:Shaddad
2066:Bahamut
1777:Science
1753:Tunisia
1738:Somalia
1713:Morocco
1698:Lebanon
1668:Comoros
1663:Bahrain
1658:Algeria
1636:Muḍāriʿ
1571:Humayni
1495:Hamasah
1387:Islamic
1370:Tezkire
1365:Tabaqat
1258:Tanoura
1198:Deheyeh
1093:Bedouin
1046:Qasidah
1006:Bashraf
979:Khaliji
974:Al Jeel
827:Macawis
792:Burnous
760:Tantour
755:Taqiyah
692:(Sudan)
690:Mawset
684:(Egypt)
682:Mawset
658:Khalij
651:Cuisine
594:Banna'i
400:Madrasa
370:Alcázar
223:Gardens
218:Banna'i
180:Moorish
175:Fatimid
170:Abbasid
165:Umayyad
150:Islamic
82:Maghreb
69::
5369:Tavern
5333:Motels
5323:Hotels
5272:Ryokan
5197:Hostel
5070:hotels
4855:Kasbah
4804:Kasbah
4794:Hammam
4789:Ghorfa
4774:Bazaar
4753:Zawiya
4742:takyeh
4713:Mosque
4663:Dargah
4590:Kucheh
4536:Eidgah
4462:Zenana
4410:Zellij
4395:Sitara
4390:Shamsa
4278:Minbar
4268:Mihrab
4253:Kiswah
4238:Gonbad
4102:Arches
4056:Yemeni
4026:Somali
4009:Hafsid
3984:Mamluk
3963:Mughal
3953:Deccan
3901:Styles
3833:
3812:
3760:
3717:
3648:
3564:
3502:
3477:
3422:
3342:
3277:
3195:
3176:&
3122:
3071:
3038:
2950:zellij
2945:stucco
2928:garden
2803:Hafsid
2785:, the
2760:Murcia
2656:) and
2622:Arabic
2550:Haukim
2535:Qaynan
2530:Ta'lab
2525:Haubas
2515:Salman
2510:Athtar
2378:Azizos
2333:Al-Lat
2206:Wāḳwāḳ
2176:Qutrub
2171:Qareen
2161:Nasnas
2141:Luqman
2136:Kujata
2091:Dandan
2056:Ababil
1758:U.A.E.
1693:Kuwait
1688:Jordan
1627:Khafīf
1617:Rajaz
1562:Nabati
1557:Mawwal
1547:Kharja
1537:Nasīb
1532:Ruba'i
1522:Urjūza
1512:Qasida
1507:Diwan
1488:Khawal
1478:Ghazal
1468:Rithā'
1454:Genres
1426:Poetry
1419:Aqidah
1404:Hadith
1399:Tafsir
1335:Maqama
1310:Modern
1263:Yowlah
1253:Tahtib
1223:Mizmar
1203:Guedra
1153:Shaabi
1138:Mezwed
1133:Mawwal
1118:Fijiri
1083:Ataaba
1071:Waslah
1066:Taqsim
1056:Sama'i
1036:Mawwal
1026:Malhun
1021:Layali
938:Genres
912:Teslim
897:Taqsim
872:Theory
837:Sirwal
822:Kaftan
770:Turban
745:Litham
634:Zellij
619:Kiswah
604:Damask
478:Styles
455:Zawiya
445:Tekyeh
415:Mosque
395:Kasbah
390:Hammam
375:Bazaar
353:Zellij
283:Mosaic
185:Mamluk
155:Yemeni
145:Styles
58:Arabic
5301:Lists
5232:Motel
5140:Types
4870:Ribat
4865:Qalat
4850:Amsar
4809:Mahal
4748:Türbe
4738:Takya
4733:Surau
4728:Rauza
4723:Qubba
4708:Mazar
4698:Maqam
4639:Types
4551:Sebil
4441:Liwan
4431:Harem
4419:Rooms
4335:Girih
4320:Alfiz
4314:Ablaq
4288:Zarih
4283:Qibla
4232:Dikka
4227:Bedug
4222:Anaza
4198:Tajug
4164:Roofs
4079:Qadad
4041:Tatar
3938:Hausa
3785:(PDF)
3646:S2CID
3156:. In
3047:riyad
2959:Quran
2825:-era
2811:Tunis
2807:Bardo
2741:, in
2645:rawḍa
2633:riyāḍ
2575:Yatha
2565:Ya'uq
2505:Anbay
2443:Suwa'
2438:Hubal
2408:Abgal
2398:Manāt
2393:Manāt
2388:Quzah
2383:Bajir
2368:Asira
2353:Manaf
2338:Manāt
2323:Allah
2151:Marid
2116:Ifrit
2111:Houri
2101:Ghoul
2096:Falak
2086:Buraq
1965:Texts
1954:Qadar
1944:Irfan
1924:Peace
1919:Dhati
1867:Kalam
1763:Yemen
1748:Syria
1743:Sudan
1728:Qatar
1703:Libya
1678:Egypt
1639:Sarīʿ
1621:Ramal
1612:Hazaj
1607:Wāfir
1602:Kamil
1597:Basīṭ
1593:Madīd
1589:Ṭawīl
1552:Zajal
1501:Forms
1491:Fakhr
1459:Madih
1438:Poets
1394:Quran
1375:Rihla
1316:Prose
1300:Paleo
1238:Samri
1193:Dabke
1183:Ardah
1175:Dance
1158:Zajal
1143:Samri
1016:Dulab
969:Opera
907:Lazma
866:Music
852:Tiraz
847:Thawb
812:Izaar
787:Bisht
782:Abaya
714:Dress
511:Types
435:Sabil
430:Ribat
425:Qalat
410:Mazar
405:Maqam
359:Types
313:Riwaq
303:Qadad
268:Liwan
228:Girih
203:Alfiz
198:Ablaq
73:riyāḍ
53:riyad
5292:Riad
5068:and
4860:Ksar
4819:Souq
4740:(or
4605:Sahn
4579:Howz
4541:Fina
4513:Riad
4478:Bagh
4457:Qa’a
4452:Hosh
4436:Iwan
4355:Jali
4171:Dome
3831:ISBN
3810:ISBN
3758:ISBN
3715:ISBN
3691:2020
3562:ISBN
3500:ISBN
3475:ISBN
3420:ISBN
3340:ISBN
3275:ISBN
3193:OCLC
3120:ISBN
3069:ISBN
3036:ISBN
2987:riad
2836:The
2700:and
2672:and
2639:روضة
2627:رياض
2618:riad
2555:Nasr
2473:Sa'd
2468:Ruda
2453:Wadd
2403:A'ra
2373:Awal
2358:Nuha
2181:Roc
2126:Jinn
2106:Hinn
1959:Qalb
1949:Nafs
1718:Oman
1683:Iraq
1584:Bayt
1473:Waṣf
1463:Hija
1414:Fiqh
1409:Sīra
1327:Saj
1295:Old
1218:Liwa
1148:Sawt
1128:Liwa
1077:Folk
1011:Dawr
902:Jins
735:Haik
725:Agal
318:Sahn
278:Riad
263:Iwan
238:Howz
84:and
62:رياض
48:riad
5364:Pub
5222:Inn
3638:doi
3610:doi
3189:A–B
2930:or
2913:Fez
2840:in
2809:in
2770:.
2560:Sīn
2500:Amm
2433:Bēl
1939:Hal
1268:Zār
984:Raï
472:Art
50:or
38:of
5426::
4185:/
4181:/
4177:/
3972:/
3742:^
3699:^
3682:.
3644:.
3634:35
3632:.
3606:34
3604:.
3585:.
3548:^
3529:44
3527:.
3523:.
3404:^
3384:^
3354:^
3302:^
3259:^
3243:.
3218:.
3205:^
3185:.
3172:;
3168:;
3164:;
3160:;
3134:^
3106:^
3086:^
3077:.
3044:.
2961:.
115:on
100:.
64:,
60::
46:A
5057:e
5050:t
5043:v
4310:)
4303:(
4189:)
4173:(
3886:e
3879:t
3872:v
3839:.
3818:.
3766:.
3723:.
3693:.
3652:.
3640::
3616:.
3612::
3570:.
3542:.
3508:.
3483:.
3428:.
3348:.
3283:.
3253:.
3228:.
3199:.
3128:.
2981:)
2977:(
2642:(
2630:(
2605:e
2598:t
2591:v
56:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
