302:. Yet in some areas, such drastic deforestation has resulted in extremely high population density. The Rio Mayo titi is better adapted to moderately populated areas, thus overpopulation negatively impacts the species. The forests the Rio Mayo titi lives in are being destroyed for agricultural purposes, leaving little forest for the monkeys. They were only seen a few times and featured in museums until 2003 when more research was done on them. In order for this species to survive, their forests need to be protected to avoid overpopulation. Different conservation groups are working to help
228:
411:, a triangulation method is used, where three points are set up and the species is observed within the area created by these points. While density was measured by using this method and also examining the trees by their density, height, and distance from one another, human disturbance is also monitored. This study described was performed in Ojos de Agua in Peru. This study was part of a larger study created by Program Management Team (PMT) to study the habitat requirements of
86:
61:
42:
388:
In
February and October 2004, six sightings of this parasite were found in the small intestines of two different P. oenanthe monkeys. These monkeys were male pets, donated to the experiment by local villagers. One monkey died of old age while the other died from hepatic cirrhosis. Before their death,
352:
The diet of the Rio Mayo titi consists of mostly leaves, seeds, fruits, and arthropods. In one study, it was found that 54% of their diet was fruit, and 22% insects (consisting of at least 10 different types of insects), with the remainder consisting of leaves, tendrils, meristems, flowers and seeds.
328:
family was studied by scientist DeLuycker from
October 2004 to September 2005. The studied family consisted of a mother and father, two offspring, and a baby born within the study period. The family was observed to live in bamboo stands and low forests with trees with a mean height of 6.8 meters. The
360:
diet that consists of insects is gathered in a variety of ways. There are three main types of foraging technique that the species uses to catch insects: lunging and grabbing exposed prey, biting and inspecting hidden prey, and stealth foraging or scanning for prey. Out of the three techniques, the
306:
survive. Neotropical
Primate Conservation, Proyecto Mono Tocón and Amazónicos para la Amazonia are working in the more southern areas to protect the monkey. The Rio Mayo titi is a fairly inconspicuous creature, making observation and research difficult to obtain. Therefore, the traditional use of
361:
most frequently used technique for hunting insects was found to be lunging and grabbing exposed prey. They have a high success rate of catching insects, reaching up to 83%. This species' ability to hunt insects so easily is especially important for survival in times of scarce food availability.
522:
Byrne, Hazel; Rylands, Anthony B.; Carneiro, Jeferson C.; Alfaro, Jessica W. Lynch; Bertuol, Fabricio; da Silva, Maria N. F.; Messias, Mariluce; Groves, Colin P.; Mittermeier, Russell A.; Farias, Izeni; Hrbek, Tomas; Schneider, Horacio; Sampaio, Iracilda; Boubli, Jean P. (December 2016).
406:
After discovering the distribution of the species and where it primarily lives, the next step in conserving it is determining the densities of the species, creating protected areas specifically for this animal, and expanding existing ones. To find the density of the
622:
Aldrich, Brooke
Catherine; Molleson, Lucy; Nekaris, K. a. I. (1 January 2008). "Vocalizations as a conservation tool: an auditory survey of the Andean titi monkey Callicebus oenanthe Thomas, 1924 (Mammalia: Primates: Pitheciidae) at Tarangue, Northern Peru".
311:
observation to monitor the monkey's population, is less effective. Instead, other methods of calculating the titi monkey's density in certain areas have been taken, such as research into the species-specific calls endemic to a certain area.
888:
Gómez-Puerta, L. A.; López-Urbina, M. T.; González, A. E. (2009). "Occurrence of tapeworm
Bertiella mucronata (Cestoda: Anoplocephalidae) in the Titi monkey Callicebus oenanthe from Peru: New definitive host and geographical record".
286:, but research has proven that the range extends southward and reaches the Huayamba River, as well as Bajo Mayo. It had been classified as vulnerable but due to major habitat loss and restricted living space, it is now classified as
320:
Rio Mayo titis usually live in dry woodland areas with a lot of vines and plants. They are found in Peru in the northern part of the
Department of San Martin, at altitudes of 750–950 meters and also in the foothills of the Andes.
393:
were taken, dehydrated, and preserved in order to study their anatomy and reproductive organs. These new preserved specimens allowed for a new and better understanding of this parasite. Ultimately, the study showed that
381:. This parasite requires an intermediate host usually found in the soil fauna. The host then acquires the parasite by accidentally ingesting the intermediate host from the soil. Work performed in Peru shows that
2129:
750:
Dacier, A.; De Luna, A. G.; Fernandez-Duque, E.; Di Fiore, A. (2011). "Estimating
Population Density of Amazonian Titi Monkeys (Callicebus discolor) via Playback Point Counts".
2104:
577:
Bóveda-Penalba, A. J.; Vermeer, J.; Rodrigo, F.; Guerra-Vásquez, F. (2009). "Preliminary Report on the
Distribution of Callicebus oenanthe on the Eastern Feet of the Andes".
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1893:
373:
has only recently been studied in non-human hosts. This parasite, a type of tapeworm, has been found in numerous species of monkeys in the Peru area such as
291:
984:
1998:
1828:
788:
Deluycker, Anneke M. (May 2012). "Insect Prey
Foraging Strategies in Callicebus oenanthe in Northern Peru: Insect Foraging in Callicebus oenanthe".
2024:
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2134:
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is leading to the decrease in available living space for this titi monkey, forcing it to live in sympatry with another species of
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525:"Phylogenetic relationships of the New World titi monkeys (Callicebus): first appraisal of taxonomy based on molecular evidence"
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65:
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85:
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Ayres, J. M.; Clutton-Brock, T. H. (1 January 1992). "River
Boundaries and Species Range Size in Amazonian Primates".
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Sleeping and resting was the most common activity, followed by traveling, and then eating and foraging. The
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is a new, definitive host for the parasite, and could be another factor in the species' decline.
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240:
80:
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family used only five sleeping sites during the year-long study time, two of them only rarely.
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1972:
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and exploring the possibility of creating corridors between species fragmented distributions.
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Shanee, Sam; Tello-Alvarado, Julio C.; Vermeer, Jan; Bóveda-Penalba, Antonio J. (2013).
1311:
1112:
962:
943:(3–5). Antwerp, Belgium: 5th Congress of the European Federation for Primatology: 336.
660:"GIS Risk Assessment and GAP Analysis for the Andean Titi Monkey (Callicebus oenanthe)"
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1977:
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282:. The Rio Mayo titi, was thought previously to have a small range of origin in the
1807:
861:"Program of the Thirty-Second Meeting of the American Society of Primatologists".
1948:
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2011:
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636:
600:
541:
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930:) in Ojos de Agua, Peru: Density Estimates and Habitat Suitability Modelling"
493:(3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 144–145.
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1990:
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Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference
279:
1820:
1742:
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also socialized with others of their own kind. However,
926:"Conservation Efforts for the San Martin Titi Monkey (
1932:
1751:
1653:
1585:
1337:
1328:
1265:
1188:
1048:
1039:
832:"Abstracts of AAPA poster and podium presentations"
340:and disturbed habitats had a negative effect on
783:
781:
978:
459:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T3553A17975319.en
8:
2130:Critically endangered biota of South America
385:is a new definitive host for this parasite.
2105:IUCN Red List critically endangered species
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1334:
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963:
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59:
40:
31:
836:American Journal of Physical Anthropology
675:
590:
550:
540:
457:
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292:The World's 25 Most Endangered Primates
290:. In October 2012, it was included in
7:
579:International Journal of Primatology
445:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
235:Geographic range in South America
25:
764:10.1111/j.1744-7429.2010.00749.x
434:Vermeer, J.; Shanee, S. (2020).
84:
863:American Journal of Primatology
790:American Journal of Primatology
316:Location, habitat and activity
1:
2140:Taxa named by Oldfield Thomas
2125:Critically endangered animals
1691:Colombian black-handed titi (
1176:Vanzolini's bald-faced saki (
1253:Reddish-brown bearded saki (
903:10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.04.008
1623:Coastal black-handed titi (
1226:Brown-backed bearded saki (
27:Species of New World monkey
2156:
2135:Mammals described in 1924
1725:
1235:Uta Hick's bearded saki (
1217:Red-backed bearded saki (
1001:
993:Extant species of family
924:van Kuijk, Silvy (2013).
637:10.1163/18759866-07701001
601:10.1007/s10764-009-9353-2
542:10.1186/s12983-016-0142-4
246:
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81:Scientific classification
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57:
48:
39:
34:
1420:Prince Bernhard's titi (
625:Contributions to Zoology
487:; Reeder, D. M. (eds.).
1501:Chestnut-bellied titi (
1384:Olalla brothers' titi (
891:Veterinary Parasitology
701:The American Naturalist
1964:Plecturocebus oenanthe
1934:Plecturocebus oenanthe
1614:Coimbra Filho's titi (
1605:Barbara Brown's titi (
438:Plecturocebus oenanthe
267:Plecturocebus oenanthe
210:Plecturocebus oenanthe
2120:Endemic fauna of Peru
2077:Paleobiology Database
1573:Stephen Nash's titi (
1402:Urubamba brown titi (
1294:Black-headed uakari (
842:(S44): 60–256. 2007.
391:Atriotaenia megastoma
371:Atriotaenia megastoma
294:list. An increase in
288:Critically Endangered
66:Critically Endangered
35:Rio Mayo titi monkey
1632:Black-fronted titi (
1555:Hershkovitz's titi (
1492:Alta Floresta titi (
1411:Baptista Lake titi (
1208:Black bearded saki (
677:10.1896/052.026.0111
664:Primate Conservation
529:Frontiers in Zoology
452:: e.T3553A17975319.
402:Conservation efforts
262:Rio Mayo titi monkey
1795:callicebus-oenanthe
1782:Callicebus_oenanthe
1753:Callicebus oenanthe
1546:White-tailed titi (
1393:White-coated titi (
1095:Golden-faced saki (
1077:White-footed saki (
937:Folia Primatologica
928:Callicebus oenanthe
379:Saimiri boliviensis
249:Callicebus oenanthe
51:Conservation status
1465:Red-bellied titi (
1456:Hoffmanns's titi (
1357:White-eared titi (
1244:White-nosed saki (
1167:White-faced saki (
1122:Rio Tapajós saki (
848:10.1002/ajpa.20577
338:forest degradation
270:) is a species of
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2091:
2064:Open Tree of Life
1745:Taxon identifiers
1736:
1735:
1721:
1720:
1700:Red-headed titi (
1666:
1607:C. barbarabrownae
1598:
1447:Ashy black titi (
1350:
1324:
1323:
1296:C. melanocephalus
1278:
1201:
1068:Equatorial saki (
1061:
949:10.1159/000354129
875:10.1002/ajp.20733
802:10.1002/ajp.22002
258:
257:
253:
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16:(Redirected from
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1070:P. aequatorialis
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284:Alto Mayo valley
276:New World monkey
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2115:Mammals of Peru
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1575:P. stephennashi
1530:P. aureipalatii
1519:Toppin's titi (
1483:Milton's titi (
1474:Vieira's titi (
1404:P. urubambensis
1375:Rio Mayo titi (
1366:Rio Beni titi (
1359:P. donacophilus
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1198:(Bearded sakis)
1197:
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1149:Miller's saki (
1131:Isabel's saki (
1097:P.chrysocephala
1086:Cazuza's saki (
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869:: 1–113. 2009.
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1058:(Saki monkeys)
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959:External links
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1589:
1584:
1578:
1576:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1564:Ornate titi (
1562:
1560:
1558:
1553:
1551:
1549:
1544:
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1540:
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1533:
1531:
1528:Madidi titi (
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1488:
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1468:
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1459:
1458:P. hoffmannsi
1454:
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1427:
1425:
1423:
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1395:P. pallescens
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1373:
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1340:Plecturocebus
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1285:Bald uakari (
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1219:C. chiropotes
1215:
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1193:
1192:
1187:
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1178:P. vanzolinii
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500:0-801-88221-4
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481:Groves, C. P.
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344:sociability.
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296:deforestation
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201:Binomial name
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179:Plecturocebus
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33:
30:
19:
18:Rio Mayo titi
1933:
1752:
1727:
1711:C. torquatus
1710:
1701:
1692:
1683:
1682:Black titi (
1674:
1654:
1642:
1633:
1624:
1615:
1606:
1586:
1574:
1565:
1556:
1547:
1538:
1529:
1520:
1511:
1503:P. caligatus
1502:
1493:
1484:
1475:
1466:
1457:
1448:
1439:
1430:
1429:Brown titi (
1422:P. bernhardi
1421:
1412:
1403:
1394:
1385:
1376:
1374:
1367:
1358:
1338:
1330:Callicebinae
1313:
1304:
1295:
1286:
1266:
1255:C. sagulatus
1254:
1246:C. albinasus
1245:
1237:C. utahickae
1236:
1228:C. israelita
1227:
1218:
1209:
1189:
1177:
1168:
1159:
1150:
1141:
1132:
1123:
1114:
1105:
1104:Hairy saki (
1096:
1087:
1078:
1069:
1049:
940:
936:
927:
919:
894:
890:
883:
866:
862:
856:
839:
835:
826:
793:
789:
755:
751:
745:
704:
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694:
670:(1): 17–23.
667:
663:
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628:
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463:. Retrieved
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369:The cestode
368:
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274:, a type of
266:
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261:
259:
252:Thomas, 1924
248:
247:
209:
207:
191:
190:
178:
154:Infraorder:
29:
2012:iNaturalist
1958:Wikispecies
1842:iNaturalist
1616:C. coimbrai
1548:P. discolor
1431:P. brunneus
1413:P. baptista
1377:P. oenanthe
1368:P. modestus
1169:P. pithecia
1160:P. napensis
1158:Napo saki (
1142:P. monachus
1140:Monk saki (
1124:P. irrorata
1079:P. albicans
1041:Pitheciinae
995:Pitheciidae
465:19 November
413:P. oenanthe
409:P. oenanthe
396:P. oenanthe
389:samples of
383:P. oenanthe
358:P. oenanthe
342:P. oenanthe
334:P. oenanthe
326:P. oenanthe
304:P. oenanthe
272:titi monkey
168:Pitheciidae
158:Simiiformes
2099:Categories
1702:C. regulus
1675:C. lucifer
1656:Cheracebus
1588:Callicebus
1566:P. ornatus
1521:P. toppini
1512:P. cupreus
1494:P. grovesi
1485:P. miltoni
1476:P. vieirai
1440:P. parecis
1386:P. olallae
1305:C. ayresii
1210:C. satanas
1191:Chiropotes
1151:P. milleri
1133:P. isabela
1106:P. hirsuta
1088:P. cazuzai
1031:Haplorhini
1029:Suborder:
752:Biotropica
631:(1): 1–6.
419:References
300:Callicebus
148:Haplorhini
144:Suborder:
1949:Q56120707
1693:C. medemi
1684:C. lugens
1557:P. dubius
1467:P. moloch
1314:C. hosomi
1287:C. calvus
1275:(Uakaris)
1115:P. inusta
1005:Kingdom:
587:CiteSeerX
535:(1): 10.
186:Species:
104:Kingdom:
98:Eukaryota
1991:51906285
1943:Wikidata
1907:Species+
1886:12100339
1860:10228028
1762:Wikidata
1729:Category
1051:Pithecia
1025:Primates
1019:Mammalia
1013:Chordata
1011:Phylum:
1007:Animalia
911:19414220
818:22425478
810:22311736
772:51900215
737:34022486
729:19426056
645:21704235
609:23884374
561:26937245
509:62265494
483:(2005).
365:Diseases
309:transect
241:Synonyms
164:Family:
138:Primates
128:Mammalia
118:Chordata
114:Phylum:
108:Animalia
94:Domain:
71:IUCN 3.1
2069:3607577
2056:1000883
2030:1025114
2004:9291744
1899:1276855
1834:2436381
1768:Q490260
1663:(Titis)
1595:(Titis)
1347:(Titis)
1268:Cacajao
1023:Order:
1017:Class:
721:2462782
686:5027934
552:4774130
220:, 1924)
174:Genus:
134:Order:
124:Class:
69: (
2082:390313
2017:738178
1922:109161
1919:uBio:
1873:572967
1821:326553
1790:ARKive
909:
816:
808:
770:
735:
727:
719:
684:
643:
607:
589:
559:
549:
507:
497:
218:Thomas
1978:4K5YC
1855:IRMNG
1847:43680
933:(PDF)
814:S2CID
768:S2CID
733:S2CID
717:JSTOR
682:S2CID
641:S2CID
605:S2CID
2043:3553
2038:IUCN
2025:ITIS
1999:GBIF
1912:7813
1894:NCBI
1868:ITIS
1829:GBIF
1808:PMLR
907:PMID
806:PMID
725:PMID
557:PMID
505:OCLC
495:ISBN
467:2021
450:2020
377:and
348:Diet
324:One
280:Peru
260:The
2051:MDD
1986:EoL
1973:CoL
1881:MSW
1816:EoL
1803:CoL
1777:ADW
945:doi
899:doi
895:163
871:doi
844:doi
840:132
798:doi
760:doi
709:doi
705:140
672:doi
633:doi
597:doi
547:PMC
537:doi
454:doi
2101::
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780:^
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