43:
434:
32:
332:. The Yellow Vest Protests were primarily in response to rising costs of living, low wages, and vast inequality between higher and lower economic classes. These protests were immediately met with the French riot police. In some areas of Paris, including Place d'Italie, protestors became violent in response to the police presence. These protestors vandalized private businesses, including banks, and setting fire to police barricades. The riot police responded with standard riot police gear including
409:
water cannons during freezing temperatures which caused a potentially lethal and dangerous situation. In the George Floyd protests of 2020, riot police used pepper spray, police projectiles, tear gas, among other riot gear resulting in numerous protestor injuries. When police escalate the use of force and arrests are made, studies have shown that the results often create more violence. The use of force, sometimes deadly force, is the point of interest for many protests around the world.
257:
clashes resulting in injuries and deaths of both protestors and police. The 1980s brought in a new era of riot police that intended to use less face-to-face clashes by using more militarized gear and negotiated management. The use of negotiated management sought to improve the riot police's ability to communicate verbally among police and protestors in an attempt to lower violence, increase periods of calm, and improve public views of protest policing.
418:
380:
riot police were high, which was shown in combination with anxiety and depression to lower the quality of life for these officers. It is hypothesized in the research that the lower quality of life indicators could result in more aggressive action by riot police. The research concluded with an argument for developing programs to minimize negative mental health factors in riot police including the use of regular mental health screenings.
321:
389:
police became a strong wing of the government in protecting capital. Industrialization brought in more aggressive police response to labor protests to force workers to abandon their efforts. The ramping up of riot police violence in deterring labor organization caused radicalization and politicization among workers and worker organizations throughout much of Canada and the United States.
280:
days, these protests were both peaceful and, in some locations of the protests, disorderly. The riot police utilized riot gear including rifles, riot shields, tear gas, non-lethal weapons, and armored vehicles. After the police officer that shot and killed
Michael Brown was identified to the public, the protests reignited with more riot police in helmets, face protectors,
296:
further expand. Private security were the first to respond, which escalated the protests and created violent clashes between private security personnel and protestors. Following a federal judge's order to allow construction to continue, riot police arrived on the scene. The riot police arrived with armored military vehicles, helmets, face protectors,
404:
In Cyprus, riot police have come under fire recently for hiding their identities when performing police duties such as crowd control. Cypriot law enforcement has been using helmets and gear to cover their faces and badges in order to remain anonymous when dealing with protests and crowds. Citizens of
379:
In 2018, a
Turkish study, researching the quality of life in riot police, found that riot police are significantly affected by negative mental health. The research found that roughly 50% of the riot police examined showed clear signs of both anxiety and depression. Furthermore, levels of anger among
279:
to contain the ongoing unrest from the crowd of protestors. The St. Louis County Police
Department enacted the county's Code 1000 plan, enabling the department to receive direct assistance from nearby police departments. Riot police from multiple police departments combined in response. For multiple
408:
Riot police in the United States, France, and many other places, have experienced a rise in protests against the police. These protests have been met by riot police with the controversial use of specific militarized riot gear. In the Dakota Access
Pipeline protests in North Dakota, riot police used
388:
Historically, riot police have been criticized by labor unions and organized strikes. In the late 1800s and early 1900s, labor unions and picketers were subjected to harsh police crackdowns that involved bouts of police brutality to squash the labor movements. Labor historians have argued that riot
256:
resulted in many instances of large protests across the country. In some cases, these protests would involve clashes between protestors and riot police. The riot police, at this time, did not have as advanced gear and technology, which forced the riot police to have significant face-to-face violent
190:
In the United States, the federal 1033 program allows for police departments, including riot police units, to request military equipment for circumstances that have arrived or that may arrive in the future. Because of this program, police militarization has expanded across each state allowing state
207:
Riot police are tasked with police operations that require advanced tactics and equipment to control crowds and maintain public order. These duties may differ between riot police organizations in different countries, but they are often similar in that they are tasked with maintaining order that is
375:
The riot police occupation has been considered one of the more stressful jobs in law enforcement. Riot police are frequently placed on the front lines of violent protests and riots, possibly putting each individual police officer's health and safety at risk. Studies, in recent years, have shown a
396:
movements have called for the defunding and replacement of police forces in favor of social programs that support quality of life in people, thus reducing the need for people to commit crimes. Riot police are considered under the police categorization for replacement because of the instances of
295:
In 2016, protests by groups of indigenous people, including the
Standing Rock Sioux tribe, protested the building of the 1,200 mile Dakota Access Pipeline in North Dakota. Large groups of protestors blockaded the construction zones for the pipeline, which prohibited the ability for the DAPL to
183:. The military vehicles were used as perimeter defense lines to contain the protests, and provide the riot police with enough power to inhibit the advancing violence.These military vehicles used by riot police around the world are commonly sourced from military product companies including
79:
Riot police may be regular police officers who act in the role of riot police in particular situations, or they may be separate units organized within or in parallel to regular police forces. Riot police are used in a variety of different situations and purposes. They may be employed to
405:
Cyprus believe that riot police hiding their identities allows them to avoid repercussions for actions they may take during their work. On the other hand, 37% of
Cypriot riot police believe that "citizens file complaints against the police for no reason".
355:, repeatedly called to quell the protests. Some Paris suburbs experienced damaged buildings and burning cars on the streets. Throughout France, upwards of 40,000 police officers were dispatched, many of them fitted in riot gear. French riot police used
167:, was originally created for its use in the military, specifically the First World War. In the United States in 1969, it was recorded that the riot police had extensive militarized gear including bulletproof vests, multiple-purpose grenades,
175:, radio communication, barbed wire, police shields, and riot vehicles. In 2017, economic and political protests in Venezuela brought upon a new era of Venezuelan riot police gear with military vehicles that included features like
198:
Riot gear became the key tools for police forces to combat large demonstrations, including political and economic protests and labor demonstrations, that sought change without the explicit consent of the presiding government.
51:
Minnesota State Patrol during the George Floyd protests on Friday, May 29, 2020, equipped with stab proof vests, helmets with face guards, and large wooden batons for defense against violent protests.
271:
In August of 2014, Michael Brown, an unarmed
African-American eighteen-year-old, was shot and killed by police in Ferguson, Missouri. Protests began immediately following the reports his death. The
1883:
253:
42:
163:
Through the 1900s and into the 2000s, riot gear technology has advanced with the help of the militarization of riot police organizations. Some riot gear technology, including
1492:
1670:"Changes in the Policing of Civil Disorders Since the Kerner Report: The Police Response to Ferguson, August 2014, and Some Implications for the Twenty-First Century"
1427:"Changes in the Policing of Civil Disorders Since the Kerner Report: The Police Response to Ferguson, August 2014, and Some Implications for the Twenty-First Century"
1876:
768:
264:
in
Seattle disrupted the negotiated management tactics by riot police. The WTO protests went on for days with continuous clashes between protestors and police with
633:
392:
The recent trend in police militarization across the globe, especially the United States, has brought upon direct criticism from police abolitionist groups.
1750:"Should Police Identities Be Disclosed in Anti-riot Operations Transpiring in Cyprus? A Juxtaposition of Novice and Senior Police Constables' Perceptions"
2242:
1869:
1788:
1517:
1189:
2249:
674:
1567:
1652:
855:
272:
1074:
684:
100:
of modern police has brought militaristic riot gear and new technologies that allow for their duties to expand above normal police duties.
2222:
878:
1388:
565:
458:
276:
2124:
980:| Unidade Especial de PolĂcia | PolĂcia de Segurança PĂșblica and Grupo de Intervenção e Ordem Publica/ Guarda Nacional Republicana
1841:
1903:
1044:
693:
776:
2275:
827:
823:
819:
711:
584:
486:
289:
1123:
592:
528:
347:
In 2023, French police shot and killed a 17-year-old, leading to national protests that required the use of riot police.
846:
772:
736:
623:
480:
912:
756:
501:
1030:
1026:
943:
715:
2206:
1202:
1159:
726:
543:
505:
491:
157:
433:
324:
French riot police, equipped with full riot gear, stand in formation in front of a Yellow Vest protestor in 2019.
2232:
2181:
1976:
1198:
1169:
752:
261:
2051:
1007:
662:
553:
469:
97:
1053:
422:
1816:
367:
in an attempt to slow down the protests. Approximately 170 police officers were injured during the protests.
2149:
1144:
786:
516:
360:
337:
172:
117:
977:
195:
teams. The police departments that received 1033 program funding are primarily smaller police departments.
2077:
1892:
1083:
898:
744:
706:
697:
575:
211:
In Poland, for example, riot police are used in a variety of different ways including but not limited to:
31:
376:
correlation between higher stress levels among police officers leading to lower quality of life ratings.
2270:
2227:
1211:
1114:
1105:
1034:
993:
864:
446:
329:
249:
2139:
1991:
1956:
953:
888:
650:
603:
588:
352:
233:
Acting as backup police force for any police units that may need assistance in their everyday duties.
934:
1946:
1016:
804:
393:
2156:
1817:"Why So Many Police Are Handling the Protests Wrong | School of Criminology and Criminal Justice"
1243:
1228:
740:
639:
1789:"Tension Between Police and Standing Rock Protesters Reaches Boiling Point - The New York Times"
1518:"Tension Between Police and Standing Rock Protesters Reaches Boiling Point - The New York Times"
112:
to help protect themselves and for offensive use in riot control. Riot gear typically includes
2016:
1769:
1730:
1691:
1648:
1615:
1448:
1369:
1333:
1291:
669:
312:
were used to disperse protestors and destroy protestor encampments on the construction sites.
309:
129:
16:
Police who are organized, deployed, trained or equipped to confront crowds, protests, or riots
1596:"Quality of Life in Riot Police: Links to Anger, Emotion Regulation, Depression, and Anxiety"
2021:
1981:
1926:
1761:
1722:
1681:
1640:
1607:
1438:
1396:
1155:
1096:
837:
808:
417:
297:
285:
2237:
2171:
2144:
2036:
2011:
2006:
1936:
1233:
930:
398:
348:
221:
In case of widespread emergency, acting as a mobile force to protect and serve the public.
1133:
224:
Securing government officials, particularly from foreign countries, during their travels.
2186:
2176:
2166:
2056:
2041:
2001:
1971:
1951:
1941:
1921:
1710:
1669:
1426:
1165:
1092:
619:
539:
145:
113:
320:
236:
Participating and overseeing training for riot police units and non-riot police units.
2264:
2102:
2097:
2031:
1996:
1961:
1931:
1634:
1238:
1223:
1175:
748:
656:
149:
85:
1861:
2092:
2061:
2046:
1253:
1139:
1058:
305:
301:
230:
Supporting police forces in apprehending and suppressing criminal group activities.
180:
168:
153:
133:
109:
89:
81:
675:
Special Tasks
Department with Facilities Protection Department (Mostly Conscripts)
1542:
245:
The United States has a long history of riot police being used in public events.
2201:
2196:
2134:
2114:
1986:
1966:
1248:
1070:
949:
926:
814:
364:
341:
125:
121:
20:
1765:
2161:
2109:
1611:
1568:"France deploys 40,000 police to quell violence after shooting of teen driver"
1400:
1185:
1101:
1064:
988:
851:
523:
1773:
1749:
1734:
1695:
1619:
1452:
1373:
1337:
1295:
215:
Maintaining public order when threats from risk assessed sources are present.
2119:
2087:
1686:
1644:
1595:
1443:
1194:
1040:
874:
722:
689:
497:
475:
227:
Maintaining public order during demonstrations including political protests.
1543:"Yellow vest protests: More than 100 arrested as violence returns to Paris"
288:. The riot place were later supported by the Missouri Governor's call for
1119:
1049:
973:
939:
908:
884:
609:
571:
356:
333:
281:
265:
176:
164:
141:
137:
69:
1467:
1357:
1321:
1279:
2191:
2129:
2082:
1842:""ŰČÙŰ§Ù ÛÚŻŰ§Ù ÙÛÚÙ" ÙŸÙÛŰł ۧÛŰ±Ű§Ù ŰšŰ±Ű§Û Ù
ÙۧۚÙÙ ŰšŰ§ Ù
ŰčŰȘŰ±Ű¶Ű§Ù ŰČÙ Ùۧ۱ۯ Ù
ÛŰŻŰ§Ù ŰŽŰŻÙŰŻ"
1207:
1151:
983:
967:
917:
894:
782:
702:
645:
548:
535:
511:
464:
453:
426:
184:
1389:"The use of crowd and riot control squads in modern police operations"
1913:
1128:
1088:
1079:
1012:
999:
959:
860:
791:
680:
628:
580:
560:
442:
61:
1636:
Intelligent
Control: Developments in Public Order Policing in Canada
218:
Searching and assisting police forces in capturing wanted fugitives.
1726:
328:
In 2018 and 2019, France experienced massive protests known as the
1110:
1022:
842:
833:
800:
795:
765:
732:
613:
598:
554:
Directie Openbare Veiligheid (DAS)/Direction Securité Public (DAS)
432:
416:
319:
191:
riot police to receive military style gear similar to that of the
93:
65:
1258:
1179:
1003:
963:
761:
438:
192:
73:
1865:
1674:
RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences
1431:
RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences
1748:
Constantinou, Angelo G.; Lambrou-Louca, Angela (2021-12-01).
1711:"The Police Abolitionist Movement and the Neoliberal Paradox"
64:
who are organized, deployed, trained or equipped to confront
1358:"TRENDS: Police Militarization and the Use of Lethal Force"
1322:"POLICING THE CRISIS: A History of Riot Control Technology"
1280:"TRENDS: Police Militarization and the Use of Lethal Force"
1468:"BBC News | AMERICAS | Eyewitness: The Battle of Seattle"
1493:"A Timeline of the Year of Resistance at Standing Rock"
970:(OPP), Samodzielne PododdziaĆy Prewencji Policji (SPPP)
292:
assistance until the protests continuously diminished.
397:
brutality on protestors in mass protests such as the
2070:
1912:
1145:
TĂŒrkmenistanyĆ içeri iĆler edaralarynyĆ iĆgĂ€rlerine
508:(Victoria) Public Safety Response Team (Queensland)
128:. Many riot police teams also deploy specialized
1754:European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research
769:Iranian Public Security and Intelligence Police
108:Riot police often use special equipment called
1877:
1594:Kale, Alparslan; Gedik, Zumrut (2020-03-01).
1566:Corbet, Sylvie; Turnbull, Alex (2023-06-29).
8:
1787:Skalicky, Sue; Davey, Monica (2016-10-28).
1668:Gillham, Patrick F.; Marx, Gary T. (2018).
1516:Skalicky, Sue; Davey, Monica (2016-10-28).
1425:Gillham, Patrick F.; Marx, Gary T. (2018).
425:riot police officers attempting to control
187:, a Chinese military product manufacturer.
1884:
1870:
1862:
634:Compagnies Républicaines de Sécurité (CRS)
1685:
1442:
300:, shields, and other standard riot gear.
529:AzÉrbaycan Respublikası Daxili QoĆunları
268:, concussion grenades and riot shields.
208:decided on by the presiding government.
96:, or to protect people or property. The
1270:
84:as their name suggests, to disperse or
1124:Protection and Crowds Control Division
1810:
1808:
1589:
1587:
1351:
1349:
1347:
1067:â Public Security Support Wing (PSSW)
1031:Unidad de PrevenciĂłn y ReacciĂłn (UPR)
1027:Unidad de IntervenciĂłn Policial (UIP)
7:
1633:De Lint, Willem; Hall, Alan (2009).
1420:
1418:
1416:
1315:
1313:
1311:
1309:
1307:
1305:
685:Units for the Reinstatement of Order
441:officers advancing on protestors in
1600:Applied Research in Quality of Life
1393:internalsecurity.akademiapolicji.eu
1035:Grupos de Reserva y Seguridad (GRS)
956:, Mobile Force Battalions/Companies
996:(1893 â 1948 and again since 1990)
566:Rondas Ostensivas Tobias de Aguiar
459:Rapid Intervention Force (Albania)
277:St. Louis County Police Department
14:
1893:Types of law enforcement agencies
1815:Koerth, Maggie; Lartey, Jamiles.
484:D.O.U.C.A.D/ Infantry Guard Corp
413:List of riot police organizations
262:World Trade Organization protests
1045:Police Tactical Unit (Singapore)
944:Anti-Riot Force, Lahore, Punjab
41:
30:
1639:. University of Toronto Press.
1073:â Moblie Police, a division of
824:2nd Carabinieri Mobile Brigades
777:Counter-terrorism Special Force
371:Quality of life for riot police
1709:Dumm, Thomas L. (2023-10-01).
1541:Schofield, Hugh (2019-11-16).
828:Multinational Specialized Unit
660:(state police) forces and the
487:Gendarmeria Nacional Argentina
1:
2125:Criminal investigation agency
863:â Special Tasks Battalion of
593:Royal Canadian Mounted Police
1491:Javier, Carla (2019-12-14).
1387:Apolinarski, Witold (2019).
1362:Political Research Quarterly
1284:Political Research Quarterly
1190:Ministry of Internal Affairs
773:Iranian Police Special Units
737:Central Reserve Police Force
604:Unidad de Fuerzas Especiales
576:National Gendarmerie Service
284:, riot batons, shields, and
248:In the 1950s and 1960s, the
869:SpeciÄlo Uzdevumu Bataljons
757:Central Armed Police Forces
502:Public Order and Riot Squad
193:Special Weapons and Tactics
158:Long Range Acoustic Devices
2292:
1823:. Arizona State University
1766:10.1007/s10610-020-09454-3
1203:Bolivarian National Police
1172:(Metropolitan Police area)
968:OddziaĆy Prewencji Policji
903:Moldovan Carabinier Troops
544:Internal Troops of Belarus
506:Public Order Response Team
492:Prefectura Naval Argentina
273:Ferguson Police Department
18:
2215:
2182:Protective security units
1899:
1612:10.1007/s11482-018-9667-3
1401:10.5604/01.3001.0013.2185
1199:Bolivarian National Guard
1188:â Internal Troops of the
1170:Territorial Support Group
854:â Internal Troops of the
753:State Armed Police Forces
517:Bereitschaftseinheit Wien
481:PolicĂa Federal Argentina
470:Republican security units
241:United States riot police
1320:Bettel, Florian (2021).
1008:National Guard of Russia
856:Ministry of the Interior
779:Ű women special division
585:Emergency Response Teams
19:Not to be confused with
1687:10.7758/rsf.2018.4.6.06
1645:10.3138/9781442689831.5
1466:Reynolds, Paul (1999).
1444:10.7758/rsf.2018.4.6.06
1356:Lawson, Edward (2019).
1278:Lawson, Edward (2019).
879:Public Security Service
787:Garda Public Order Unit
595:based throughout Canada
275:enlisted help from the
2238:Law enforcement agency
2078:Anti-corruption agency
1075:National Police Agency
899:Trupele de Carabinieri
745:Malabar Special Police
698:Special Tactical Squad
449:
430:
325:
2276:Law enforcement units
1212:Mobile Police Command
1115:Texas Ranger Division
1106:Tajik Internal Troops
1061:â Public Order Police
989:Trupele de Securitate
865:State Police (Latvia)
589:police tactical units
520:of the Federal Police
447:2021 Russian protests
436:
423:Kantonspolizei ZĂŒrich
420:
323:
250:Civil Rights Movement
2140:Intelligence officer
1957:Conservation officer
1084:SĂ€rskild polistaktik
994:Romanian Gendarmerie
978:Corpo de Intervenção
954:Special Action Force
889:Federal Reserve Unit
847:General Service Unit
727:Mobile Brigade Corps
707:KĂ©szenlĂ©ti RendĆrsĂ©g
694:Police Tactical Unit
651:Bereitschaftspolizei
330:Yellow Vest Protests
2250:Intelligence agency
1947:Cathedral constable
504:(New South Wales);
394:Police abolitionist
2157:Neighborhood watch
2052:Territorial police
1846:www.radiofarda.com
1244:Mobile Field Force
1229:Formed Police Unit
1054:PPE SWAT Riot Unit
741:Rapid Action Force
640:Gendarmerie Mobile
624:Public Order Units
450:
431:
326:
316:French riot police
310:non-lethal weapons
203:Riot police duties
132:weapons, such as:
2258:
2257:
2017:Regimental police
1654:978-0-8020-4885-1
1148:(Internal Troops)
532:(Interior Troops)
399:Ferguson Protests
353:French government
254:anti-war protests
2283:
2022:Religious police
1982:Municipal police
1927:Auxiliary police
1886:
1879:
1872:
1863:
1856:
1855:
1853:
1852:
1838:
1832:
1831:
1829:
1828:
1812:
1803:
1802:
1800:
1799:
1784:
1778:
1777:
1745:
1739:
1738:
1706:
1700:
1699:
1689:
1665:
1659:
1658:
1630:
1624:
1623:
1591:
1582:
1581:
1579:
1578:
1563:
1557:
1556:
1554:
1553:
1538:
1532:
1531:
1529:
1528:
1513:
1507:
1506:
1504:
1503:
1488:
1482:
1481:
1479:
1478:
1463:
1457:
1456:
1446:
1422:
1411:
1410:
1408:
1407:
1384:
1378:
1377:
1353:
1342:
1341:
1317:
1300:
1299:
1275:
1019:, Police Brigade
935:Bijstandseenheid
893:the Republic of
838:Riot Police Unit
809:Polizia di Stato
719:
666:(federal police)
654:units of the 16
349:President Macron
45:
34:
2291:
2290:
2286:
2285:
2284:
2282:
2281:
2280:
2261:
2260:
2259:
2254:
2211:
2172:Posse comitatus
2145:Law enforcement
2130:Customs service
2066:
2037:Security police
2012:Regional police
2007:Railroad police
1992:Police tactical
1977:Military police
1937:Cantonal police
1908:
1895:
1890:
1860:
1859:
1850:
1848:
1840:
1839:
1835:
1826:
1824:
1814:
1813:
1806:
1797:
1795:
1786:
1785:
1781:
1747:
1746:
1742:
1708:
1707:
1703:
1667:
1666:
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1655:
1632:
1631:
1627:
1593:
1592:
1585:
1576:
1574:
1565:
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1560:
1551:
1549:
1540:
1539:
1535:
1526:
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1515:
1514:
1510:
1501:
1499:
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1489:
1485:
1476:
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1465:
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1460:
1424:
1423:
1414:
1405:
1403:
1386:
1385:
1381:
1355:
1354:
1345:
1319:
1318:
1303:
1277:
1276:
1272:
1267:
1234:Internal Troops
1220:
1158:(1992 â 2014),
992:(1948 â 1989),
966:(1956 â 1989),
931:Mobiele Eenheid
913:Internal Troops
709:
415:
386:
373:
318:
243:
205:
171:, helicopters,
106:
55:
54:
53:
52:
48:
47:
46:
37:
36:
35:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2289:
2287:
2279:
2278:
2273:
2263:
2262:
2256:
2255:
2253:
2252:
2247:
2246:
2245:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2216:
2213:
2212:
2210:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2187:Security guard
2184:
2179:
2177:Prison officer
2174:
2169:
2167:Police officer
2164:
2159:
2154:
2153:
2152:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
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2106:
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2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2074:
2072:
2068:
2067:
2065:
2064:
2059:
2057:Transit police
2054:
2049:
2044:
2042:Special police
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
2002:Private police
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1972:Highway patrol
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1952:Company police
1949:
1944:
1942:Capitol police
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1922:Airport police
1918:
1916:
1910:
1909:
1907:
1906:
1900:
1897:
1896:
1891:
1889:
1888:
1881:
1874:
1866:
1858:
1857:
1833:
1804:
1779:
1760:(4): 553â569.
1740:
1727:10.1086/726441
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1701:
1680:(6): 122â143.
1660:
1653:
1625:
1606:(1): 107â125.
1583:
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1533:
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1483:
1472:news.bbc.co.uk
1458:
1437:(6): 122â143.
1412:
1379:
1368:(1): 177â189.
1343:
1301:
1290:(1): 177â189.
1269:
1268:
1266:
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1166:United Kingdom
1163:
1149:
1137:
1126:
1117:
1108:
1099:
1093:Special Police
1086:
1077:
1068:
1062:
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1047:
1038:
1020:
1010:
997:
981:
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937:
933:(since 1936),
924:
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805:Reparto Mobile
798:
789:
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620:Czech Republic
617:
607:
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546:
533:
521:
509:
495:
473:
462:
414:
411:
385:
382:
372:
369:
317:
314:
290:National Guard
242:
239:
238:
237:
234:
231:
228:
225:
222:
219:
216:
204:
201:
179:launchers and
146:rubber bullets
114:personal armor
105:
102:
98:militarization
92:or discourage
88:, to maintain
86:control crowds
50:
49:
40:
39:
38:
29:
28:
27:
26:
25:
15:
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9:
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2103:Bail bondsman
2101:
2100:
2099:
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2096:
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2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2032:Secret police
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1997:Postal police
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1962:County police
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1932:Campus police
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1919:
1917:
1915:
1911:
1905:
1902:
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1898:
1894:
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1332:(1): 90â111.
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1274:
1271:
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1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
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1245:
1242:
1240:
1239:List of riots
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1224:Crowd control
1222:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
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1204:
1200:
1196:
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1176:United States
1174:
1171:
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1160:Patrol Police
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905:), since 1991
904:
900:
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880:
876:
873:
870:
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859:
857:
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832:
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793:
790:
788:
784:
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778:
774:
770:
767:
763:
760:
758:
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750:
749:Kerala Police
746:
742:
738:
734:
731:
728:
724:
721:
717:
713:
708:
704:
701:
699:
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686:
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676:
671:
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663:Bundespolizei
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657:Landespolizei
653:
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644:
642:
641:
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635:
630:
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621:
618:
615:
611:
608:
606:
605:
600:
597:
594:
590:
586:
582:
579:
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573:
570:
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559:
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541:
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531:
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522:
519:
518:
513:
510:
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503:
499:
496:
494:
493:
489:
488:
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482:
477:
474:
472:
471:
466:
463:
461:
460:
455:
452:
451:
448:
444:
440:
435:
429:riots in 2008
428:
424:
419:
412:
410:
406:
402:
400:
395:
390:
383:
381:
377:
370:
368:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
345:
343:
339:
335:
331:
322:
315:
313:
311:
307:
303:
302:Water cannons
299:
293:
291:
287:
283:
278:
274:
269:
267:
263:
260:In 1999, the
258:
255:
251:
246:
240:
235:
232:
229:
226:
223:
220:
217:
214:
213:
212:
209:
202:
200:
196:
194:
188:
186:
182:
181:water cannons
178:
174:
170:
169:water cannons
166:
161:
159:
155:
154:water cannons
151:
150:stun grenades
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
111:
103:
101:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
82:control riots
77:
75:
71:
67:
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22:
2271:Riot control
2223:Border guard
2093:Border guard
2062:Water police
2047:State police
2026:
1849:. Retrieved
1845:
1836:
1825:. Retrieved
1820:
1796:. Retrieved
1793:NewYorkTimes
1792:
1782:
1757:
1753:
1743:
1718:
1714:
1704:
1677:
1673:
1663:
1635:
1628:
1603:
1599:
1575:. Retrieved
1571:
1561:
1550:. Retrieved
1546:
1536:
1525:. Retrieved
1522:NewYorkTimes
1521:
1511:
1500:. Retrieved
1496:
1486:
1475:. Retrieved
1471:
1461:
1434:
1430:
1404:. Retrieved
1392:
1382:
1365:
1361:
1329:
1325:
1287:
1283:
1273:
1254:Riot control
1162:(since 2006)
1143:
1140:Turkmenistan
1134:Ăevik Kuvvet
1132:
1059:South Africa
987:
946:(since 2016)
921:
902:
868:
813:
807:
739:, including
673:
661:
655:
649:
638:
632:
616:(since 1999)
602:
564:
557:(since 2016)
552:
527:
515:
490:
485:
479:
468:
457:
407:
403:
391:
387:
378:
374:
365:riot shields
346:
342:riot shields
327:
306:pepper spray
298:kevlar vests
294:
286:kevlar vests
270:
259:
247:
244:
210:
206:
197:
189:
162:
134:pepper spray
126:riot helmets
122:riot shields
107:
90:public order
78:
57:
56:
2228:Coast guard
2202:Vigilantism
2197:Thief-taker
2135:Gendarmerie
2115:Coast guard
2027:Riot police
1987:Park police
1967:Fire police
1821:ccj.asu.edu
1249:Police riot
1071:South Korea
950:Philippines
927:Netherlands
815:Carabinieri
710: [
445:during the
361:riot batons
338:riot batons
94:criminality
58:Riot police
21:Police riot
2265:Categories
2219:Templates:
2162:Parapolice
2110:City guard
1851:2022-10-18
1827:2024-08-06
1798:2024-07-29
1577:2024-08-06
1552:2024-08-06
1527:2024-07-29
1502:2024-07-29
1477:2024-07-29
1406:2024-07-29
1265:References
1186:Uzbekistan
1102:Tajikistan
1065:Seychelles
1017:Gendarmery
852:Kyrgyzstan
587:, federal
524:Azerbaijan
384:Criticisms
351:, and the
130:non-lethal
2120:Constable
2088:Bodyguard
1774:1572-9869
1735:0032-3497
1696:2377-8253
1620:1871-2576
1453:2377-8253
1374:1065-9129
1338:1361-8113
1296:1065-9129
1195:Venezuela
1041:Singapore
922:Lon Htein
875:Lithuania
723:Indonesia
690:Hong Kong
498:Australia
476:Argentina
282:gas masks
142:riot guns
110:riot gear
104:Riot gear
2207:Watchman
1572:PBS News
1547:BBC News
1497:Splinter
1218:See also
1120:Thailand
1113:(USA) â
1050:Slovenia
974:Portugal
940:Pakistan
909:Mongolia
885:Malaysia
747:unit of
729:(Brimob)
610:Colombia
572:Bulgaria
437:Russian
357:tear gas
334:tear gas
266:tear gas
177:tear gas
165:tear gas
138:tear gas
70:protests
2233:Customs
2192:Sheriff
2150:Officer
2083:Bailiff
2071:Related
1208:Vietnam
1152:Ukraine
984:Romania
918:Myanmar
895:Moldova
783:Ireland
743:units,
703:Hungary
670:Georgia
646:Germany
591:of the
549:Belgium
536:Belarus
512:Austria
465:Algeria
454:Albania
427:May Day
185:Norinco
1914:Police
1772:
1733:
1715:Polity
1694:
1651:
1618:
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1372:
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1294:
1156:Berkut
1129:Turkey
1097:NPASOG
1089:Taiwan
1082:- SPT
1080:Sweden
1013:Serbia
1000:Russia
960:Poland
861:Latvia
792:Israel
681:Greece
629:France
581:Canada
561:Brazil
443:Moscow
421:Swiss
363:, and
340:, and
308:, and
173:batons
156:, and
124:, and
118:batons
66:crowds
62:police
2243:Types
1111:Texas
1023:Spain
881:(VST)
843:Kenya
834:Japan
801:Italy
796:Yasam
766:Basij
733:India
718:]
614:ESMAD
599:Chile
74:riots
1904:List
1770:ISSN
1731:ISSN
1692:ISSN
1649:ISBN
1616:ISSN
1449:ISSN
1370:ISSN
1334:ISSN
1326:Icon
1292:ISSN
1259:SWAT
1201:and
1182:/SRT
1180:SWAT
1004:OMON
964:ZOMO
822:and
762:Iran
696:and
637:and
540:OMON
439:OMON
252:and
60:are
1762:doi
1723:doi
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820:1st
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72:or
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
