196:, and others who are not mentioned. And it is likely that the warrior of God, Unni, turned to these kings although they were not believers, and preached the word of God in the land of the Swedes with their permission ... Swedes and Geats, among whom the Holy Ansgar had first spread the seeds of faith, but reverted to
252:
The German encroachment on
Scandinavia, which resulted in Unni's visit, may also have alerted the rulers of Birka. The family of Danish rulers who were defeated in 934 is said to have come from Sweden, although this statement has been much-disputed by modern scholars. At any rate Birka apparently
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in the
Swedish kingdom. This happened in 935 or 936. According to Adam, almost no Christian teachers had visited Birka for seventy years. "The believer in the Lord went ashore in this port and proceeded to make contact with the population for his unusual purpose. For the Swedes and
172:, had, during the period of barbaric raids of conquest, when many kings exercised a bloody rule during a few consecutive years, entirely forgotten the Christian religion and could not now be easily persuaded to believe in it. I have heard from the often-quoted King
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Unni died on 17 September 936, though it is unclear if Adam's assertion of him and King Ring being contemporaries is the author's guesswork. King Ring is not mentioned in the Norse king lists and sagas, such as
200:, were once again called to faith by the Holy Father Unni ... When the messenger of God had completed his missionary task and eventually decided to go home, he fell ill in Birka and left his tired body there."
241:(Unni), which would call for a radical reinterpretation of the historical geography of Viking Age Sweden. The dominating view among historians and archaeologists is nevertheless that Birka was situated on
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had strong commercial relations with Hedeby. The fortifications of Birka were strengthened around 940 as the gravel walls were heightened, and palisades seem to have been erected.
225:
royal family. It has sometimes been speculated that his true name was Olof (Anlaufr), represented in Latin chronicles as Anulo, which could have been misinterpreted as Latin
176:(of Denmark, ruled 1047-1076), that the Swedes at this time were ruled by a certain Ring together with his sons Eric and Emund. This is the same Ring who was preceded by
229:, meaning "ring". There has also been some speculation about the location of Birka where Unni died. A runic inscription on a cross at the church of
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95:, an important early Swedish political center, around or before the year 936. He either ruled before or together with his two sons
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372:
Adam av Bremen (1984), p. 52-3 (Book I, Chapter 48). For an archaeological view of Swedes in Hedeby, see
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during the 9th century, but the effort lapsed in the second half of the century for various reasons. The
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376:(1984), "Zur ethnischen Gliederung der Bevölkerung von Haithabu anhand der Gräberfelder", p. 209
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to appoint priests for the churches in the realm. From
Denmark he traveled over the
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København: Det
Kongelige Nordiske Oldskriftselskab - Nationalmuseet, p. 114-125.
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and Emund. Virtually nothing is known about him beyond his name.
285:. Stockholm: Proprius förlag, p. 57-8 (Book I, Chapter 57).
221:. It is not otherwise attested among the members of the
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Adam av Bremen (1984), p. 58 (Book I, Chapters 58-59).
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in 934 and gained influence in the important emporium
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Adam av Bremen (1984), p. 60-2 (Book I, Chapter 61).
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389:Aarbøger for Nordisk Oldkyndighed og Historie 1980
321:Adam av Bremen (1984), p. 62 (Book I, Chapter 62).
303:Adam av Bremen (1984), p. 60 (Book I, Chapter 60).
283:Historien om Hamburgstiftet och dess biskopar
8:
387:Niels Lund (1982) "Svenskevældet i Hedeby",
361:Lejonet, draken och korset; Sverige 500-1000
400:Carl Bernadotte et al. (eds) (1956), p. 93.
341:. Stockholm: Biblioteksböcker, p. 74-6, 92.
111:had conducted Christian mission in Central
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237:has been interpreted by local scholars as
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337:; Carl Bernadotte et al. (eds) (1956),
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143:, writing in c. 1075, relates that the
330:Birger Nerman (1916) "Torgny lagman",
159:and arrived, with some discomfort, to
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188:, about whom one may read in the
16:Proto-historic King of the Swedes
460:Semi-legendary kings of Sweden
119:came into closer contact with
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465:10th-century Swedish monarchs
350:Adam av Bremen (1984), p. 61.
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145:Archbishop of Hamburg-Bremen
91:or local ruler who ruled at
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363:. Lund: Studentlitteratur.
332:Arkiv för nordisk filologi
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211:Hervarar saga ok Heiðreks
339:Sveriges hundra konungar
359:Åke Hyenstrand (1996),
281:Adam av Bremen (1984),
109:Archbishopric of Bremen
263:Early Swedish History
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103:Bishop Unni's visit
434:King of the Swedes
215:Battle of Bråvalla
29:King of the Swedes
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219:Sigurd Ring
121:Scandinavia
46:Predecessor
454:Categories
269:References
223:Viking Age
157:Baltic Sea
123:when King
190:biography
56:Successor
257:See also
245:in Lake
198:paganism
170:Norsemen
334:28 311
247:Mälaren
227:annulus
153:Denmark
93:Uppsala
243:Björkö
194:Ansgar
133:Hedeby
113:Sweden
87:was a
235:Åland
182:Björn
178:Anund
174:Sweyn
166:Geats
161:Birka
129:Danes
76:Munsö
71:House
35:Reign
427:Olof
239:Wini
231:Sund
186:Olof
184:and
149:Unni
107:The
97:Eric
85:Ring
50:Olof
233:in
192:of
135:in
78:(?)
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39:c.
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