419:
158:
131:
83:
120:
108:
96:
550:
Queen
Elizabeth declared martial law, exacting terrible retribution on the ordinary folk of the Yorkshire Dales, despite the lack of any popular support for the Earls' Rising, with her demand for at least 700 executions. The victims of this purge were, as a contemporary account said "wholly of the
546:
in 1571 and finally executed in 1572. Norfolk's treason charges included "comforting and relieving of the
English rebels that stirred the Rebellion in the North since they have fled out of the realm." Altogether, 600 supporters of Mary were executed, while many others fled into exile.
487:, an early sympathiser of Mary. At the outbreak of the rebellion, he travelled to Elizabeth's court at Windsor to claim the heritage of his young nephew, the 5th Baron Dacre. After the latter's untimely death in 1569, this had descended to his sisters, all married to sons of
567:, but the document did not arrive until the rebellion had been suppressed. The bull gave Elizabeth more reason to view Catholics with suspicion. It inspired conspiracies to assassinate her, starting with the Ridolfi plot.
470:
instead. They proceeded to
Clifford Moor, but found little popular support. Sussex marched out from York on 13 December 1569 with 10,000 men against the rebels' 6,000, and was followed by 12,000 men under
838:
632:
542:, also fled to the Continent. She lived the rest of her life under house arrest. Her brother, the Duke of Norfolk, was first imprisoned, then pardoned. He was imprisoned again following the
530:, had been a busy worker to receive the rebels. Two of the leaders, the Earls of Northumberland and Westmorland, had fled into Scotland. Northumberland was captured by
681:
502:, where he gathered 3,000 Cumbrian troops and tried to keep up the appearance of good relations with the Queen. He held out against a siege of the royal army under
308:
of 1537. Supporters of Mary hoped for aid from France (among Scots) and possibly Spain (among
English). Mary's position was strengthened by the birth of her son,
312:, in 1566 but weakened again when she was deposed in July 1567. Following this, she fled to England and at the time of the Rising was in the custody of the
510:. Though Hunsdon was outnumbered, he charged Dacre's foot with his cavalry, killing 300–400 and capturing 200–300 men. Dacre escaped via Scotland to
296:, then a significant portion of the population, supported Mary's claim as a way to restore Roman Catholicism. This position was especially strong in
431:
427:
152:
148:
313:
162:
539:
459:
176:
100:
270:, power was gradually shifted from regional institutions to royal control. This course was encouraged by Elizabeth's counsellors such as
472:
184:
180:
668:
488:
730:
531:
271:
833:
691:
274:
and a policy of centralization was the approach favoured by
Elizabeth herself at least in regards to the northern border region.
254:
as queen of
England in 1558. Elizabeth's accession was disputed due to the questioned legitimacy of the marriage of her parents (
503:
190:
458:, while Elizabeth struggled to raise forces sufficient to confront them. But, hearing of a large force being raised by the
868:
527:
695:
858:
418:
491:. Dacre returned to Northern England, ostensibly a faithful partisan of Elizabeth, but his intentions remain unclear.
828:
823:
538:, Westmorland escaped to Flanders, where he died impoverished. His family lost their ancestral homes and his wife,
853:
818:
734:
686:
848:
843:
300:, where several powerful nobles were Roman Catholics; there had been similar risings against Henry VIII; the
467:
644:
247:
232:
112:
592:
377:
263:
863:
602:
571:
305:
278:
236:
88:
597:
563:
301:
534:, and turned over to Elizabeth in 1572, who had him beheaded at York. After having been hidden at
587:
535:
475:. The rebel earls retreated northward and finally dispersed their forces, fleeing into Scotland.
397:
309:
286:
135:
621:
798:
435:
124:
558:
had tried to aid the rebellion by excommunicating
Elizabeth and declaring her deposed in the
786:
Mirrors for rebels: a study of polemical literature relating to the
Northern Rebellion, 1569
495:
451:
297:
293:
228:
45:
439:
407:
366:
267:
551:
meanest sort of people", so that hardly a village escaped the sight of a public hanging.
803:
753:"Yorkshire Moors and Dales" Marian Sugden & Ernest Frankl, The Pevensey Press, 1987
499:
447:
282:
157:
812:
484:
390:
384:
362:
171:
165:
543:
455:
348:
779:
The
Northern Rebellion of 1569: Faith, Politics and Protest in Elizabethan England
738:
555:
259:
224:
622:
Evans, Gareth. "Raby Castle and the Rising of the North", Time Travel - Britain
559:
523:
507:
255:
771:
511:
130:
82:
682:"DACRE, Leonard (by 1533-73), of Naworth, Cumb. and West Harlsey, Yorks"
575:
119:
107:
95:
285:. The claims were initially put forward by Mary's father-in-law, King
251:
417:
463:
402:
4 January, 1 December as one of the
Martyrs of Oxford University
289:, and Mary upheld them after her return to Scotland in 1561.
799:
http://www.tudorplace.com.ar/Documents/NorthernRebellion.htm
438:. In November 1569 Westmorland and Northumberland occupied
262:), and Elizabeth's own questioned legitimacy due to the
839:
16th-century military history of the Kingdom of England
804:
http://www.timetravel-britain.com/05/July/raby.shtml
743:. Vol. 2. London: William Bowyer. p. 178.
483:A questionable role in the rebellion was played by
406:
396:
383:
373:
355:
342:
338:
Priest, Rector, Chaplain to the Rising of the North
337:
326:
669:"Protest in Tudor and Stuart times", BBC History
578:; she was convicted by the court and executed.
23:
320:Rebellion under Northumberland and Westmorland
8:
766:Fletcher, Anthony, and Diarmaid MacCulloch.
494:After the retreat of the rebels, he seized
454:. From Durham, the rebels marched south to
522:Some of the rebels escaped into Scotland.
323:
20:
633:Butler's Lives of the Saints, Vol 1, P 17
506:but then attacked the retreating army at
462:, the rebels abandoned plans to besiege
432:Thomas Percy, 7th Earl of Northumberland
428:Charles Neville, 6th Earl of Westmorland
281:, the descendant of Henry VIII's sister
788:(University of California Press, 1953).
614:
720:, vol. 4 (Edinburgh, 1905), pp. 701-2.
434:. Seven hundred soldiers assembled at
166:Countess of Northumberland (1538-1596)
16:Catholic rebellion against Elizabeth I
7:
266:. Under Henry VIII and his advisor
36:November 9, 1569 – January 21, 1570
489:Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk
61:Elizabeth's authority strengthened
14:
532:James Douglas, 4th Earl of Morton
277:Opponents of Elizabeth looked to
223:, was an unsuccessful attempt by
64:Aristocracy of the North weakened
692:Institute of Historical Research
156:
129:
118:
106:
94:
81:
737:(1759). Murdin, William (ed.).
645:"Lives of the English Martyrs;"
718:Calendar State Papers Scotland
1:
359:4 January 1570 (aged 49 - 50)
125:English and Welsh Protestants
740:A collection of state papers
217:Revolt of the Northern Earls
570:In 1587, Elizabeth brought
885:
514:, where he died in exile.
479:Leonard Dacre's resistance
478:
250:succeeded her half-sister
101:Northern English Catholics
687:The History of Parliament
426:The rebellion was led by
316:, on Elizabeth's orders.
215:of 1569, also called the
196:
141:
74:
28:
834:16th-century rebellions
446:(see right) celebrated
163:Countess of Westmorland
498:and fortified his own
423:
361:In the marketplace at
264:Act of Succession 1536
233:Elizabeth I of England
153:Earl of Northumberland
142:Commanders and leaders
113:Elizabeth I of England
593:Prayer Book Rebellion
528:Agnes Gray, Lady Home
421:
378:Roman Catholic Church
235:and replace her with
869:Mary, Queen of Scots
777:Kesselring, Krista.
603:Tripartite Indenture
572:Mary, Queen of Scots
389:29 December 1886 by
279:Mary, Queen of Scots
237:Mary, Queen of Scots
136:Scottish Protestants
89:Mary, Queen of Scots
57:Elizabethan victory
859:Catholic rebellions
598:Pilgrimage of Grace
564:Regnans in Excelsis
302:Pilgrimage of Grace
213:Rising of the North
149:Earl of Westmorland
24:Rising of the North
588:Desmond Rebellions
536:Ferniehirst Castle
424:
314:Earl of Shrewsbury
287:Henry II of France
221:Northern Rebellion
829:Conflicts in 1570
824:Conflicts in 1569
784:Lowers, James K.
781:(Springer, 2007).
698:on 26 August 2017
436:Brancepeth Castle
422:Brancepeth Castle
416:
415:
306:Bigod's Rebellion
294:English Catholics
209:
208:
70:
69:
876:
854:Northern England
819:Tudor rebellions
768:Tudor rebellions
754:
751:
745:
744:
727:
721:
714:
708:
707:
705:
703:
694:. Archived from
680:Davidson, Alan.
677:
671:
666:
660:
659:
657:
655:
641:
635:
630:
624:
619:
496:Greystoke Castle
452:Durham Cathedral
324:
298:Northern England
231:to depose Queen
229:Northern England
160:
134:
133:
123:
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111:
110:
99:
98:
86:
85:
46:Northern England
30:
29:
21:
884:
883:
879:
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875:
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849:1570 in England
844:1569 in England
809:
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795:
763:
761:Further reading
758:
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631:
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611:
584:
574:, to trial for
520:
481:
466:, and captured
444:Thomas Plumtree
374:Honored in
360:
347:
333:
332:Thomas Plumtree
330:
329:
322:
268:Thomas Cromwell
245:
189:
187:
185:Earl of Warwick
183:
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161:
151:
128:
127:
117:
116:
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105:
93:
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80:
48:
17:
12:
11:
5:
882:
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793:External links
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735:Haynes, Samuel
731:Cecil, William
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583:
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519:
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500:Naworth Castle
480:
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468:Barnard Castle
460:Earl of Sussex
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177:Earl of Sussex
174:
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103:
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68:
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54:
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26:
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504:Baron Hunsdon
501:
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485:Leonard Dacre
476:
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473:Baron Clinton
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391:Pope Leo XIII
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363:Durham Castle
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191:Baron Hunsdon
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181:Baron Clinton
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172:Leonard Dacre
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87:Partisans of
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35:
32:
31:
27:
22:
19:
785:
778:
767:
749:
739:
725:
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712:
700:. Retrieved
696:the original
685:
675:
664:
652:. Retrieved
648:
639:
628:
617:
569:
562:
553:
549:
544:Ridolfi plot
521:
493:
482:
456:Bramham Moor
443:
425:
349:Lincolnshire
304:of 1536 and
291:
276:
246:
227:nobles from
220:
216:
212:
210:
147:
75:Belligerents
56:
18:
864:Elizabeth I
649:archive.org
556:Pope Pius V
540:Jane Howard
526:wrote that
260:Anne Boleyn
248:Elizabeth I
813:Categories
609:References
560:papal bull
524:Regent Mar
508:Gelt River
408:Attributes
256:Henry VIII
243:Background
188:Aftermath:
169:Aftermath:
772:Routledge
554:In 1570,
518:Reprisals
385:Beatified
369:, England
351:, England
774:, 2015).
582:See also
512:Brussels
283:Margaret
225:Catholic
197:Strength
41:Location
702:15 June
576:treason
346:c. 1520
328:Blessed
654:5 July
440:Durham
430:, and
412:Rosary
367:Durham
252:Mary I
155:
53:Result
398:Feast
310:James
292:Many
205:7,000
202:4,600
704:2018
656:2017
464:York
448:Mass
356:Died
343:Born
258:and
211:The
33:Date
450:in
219:or
815::
733:;
690:.
684:.
647:.
442:.
365:,
239:.
770:(
706:.
658:.
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