402:
devices would be largely restricted to playing music or films bought online. We are not aware of strong evidence of harm to rights holders done by this kind of private copying in the normal course of using digital equipment to play works. There is considerable evidence of overall public benefits from consumer use. The Review favours a limited private copying exception which corresponds to what consumers are already doing. As rights holders are well aware of consumers’ behaviour in this respect, our view is that the benefit of being able to do this is already factored into the price that rights holders are charging. A limited private copying exception which corresponds to the expectations of buyers and sellers of copyright content, and is therefore already priced into the purchase, will by definition not entail a loss for right holders.
419:(SIs) weren't laid out for Parliamentary approval until March 27, 2014, and weren't actually approved until July 14 (Commons) and July 27 (Lords); with an effective date of October 1, 2014. Anticipating approval, the Intellectual Property Office published a guide for consumers to explain the forthcoming changes and to clarify what would remain illegal. The private copying exception may seem to conflict with the existing Copyright Directive prohibition on overriding or removing any DRM or TPM (
680:, the final injunction reads, "while it may well be fair use for an individual consumer to store a backup copy of a personally owned DVD on that individual's computer, a federal law has nonetheless made it illegal to manufacture or traffic in a device or tool that permits a consumer to make such copies." This case made clear that manufacturing and distribution of circumvention tools was illegal, but use of those tools for non-infringing purposes, including fair use purposes, was not.
589:(AHRA) of 1992 was intended to resolve the debate over home taping. However, 17 USC 1008, the relevant text of the legislation, didn't fully indemnify consumers for noncommercial, private copying. Such copying is broadly permitted using analog devices and media, but digital copying is only permitted with certain technology like DAT, MiniDisc, and "audio" CD-R—not with computer hard drives, portable media players, and general-purpose CD-Rs.
397:'s recommendation that member states enact an exception for private, noncommercial copying so long as the rights holders receive "fair compensation." Other EU member states chose to implement the exception paired with a tax on music purchases or widely varying levies on copying equipment and blank media. However, the Review reasoned that no such collections are necessary when implementing a copyright exception for format-shifting:
228:
393:. The review asserted that a private copying exception was overdue, citing that users were unaware of what was even legally allowed, and that a copyright law where "millions of citizens are in daily breach of copyright, simply for shifting a piece of music or video from one device to another" was not "fit for the digital age". The review recommended, among other things, that the government consider adopting the EU
1993:
2013:
268:
2003:
134:, CD grabber or CD extractor is a piece of software designed to extract or "rip" raw digital audio (in format commonly called CDDA) from a compact disc to a file or other output. Some all-in-one ripping programs can simplify the entire process by ripping and burning the audio to disc in one step, possibly re-encoding the audio on-the-fly in the process.
692:(EFF) hailed the ruling as enabling DVD excerpts to be used for the well-established fair-use activities of criticism and commentary, and for the creation of derivative works by video remix artists. However, the text of the ruling says the exemption can only be exercised by professional educators and their students, not the general public.
619:(DRM) software constituted deceptive and unfair trade practices, in part because the record company "represented, expressly or by implication, that consumers will be able to use the CDs as they are commonly used on a computer: to listen to, transfer to playback devices, and copy the audio files contained on the CD for personal use."
654:
video files, there are other rippers that can convert DVDs to higher quality compressed video. These types of DVD rippers are used by the television and film industry to create broadcast quality video from DVD. Video ripped by these professional DVD rippers is an exact duplicate of the original DVD
332:
exception to the authors and editors rights. If a member State chooses to do so, it must also introduce a compensation for the copyright holders. Most
European countries, except for Norway, have introduced a private copying levy that compensates the owners directly from the country's budget. In 2009
165:
file. Depending on the capabilities of the ripping software, ripping may be done on a track-by-track basis, or all tracks at once, or over a custom range. The ripping software may also have facilities for detecting and correcting errors during or after the rip, as the process is not always reliable,
459:) generally says that making a copy of an original work, if conducted without the consent of the copyright owner, is infringement. The law makes no explicit grant or denial of a right to make a "personal use" copy of another's copyrighted content on one's own digital media and devices. For example,
401:
The UK has a thriving market for personal media devices which rely on private copying. We see no economic argument for adding an extra charge to these devices in order to authorise reasonable private acts which are part of the normal use of devices. Indeed, without that copying, normal use of those
406:
In August 2011, the government broadly accepted the recommendations of the
Hargreaves Review. At the end of 2012, the government published "Modernising Copyright", a document outlining specific changes the government intends to make, including the Hargreaves-recommended exception for private,
603:
Statements made by the court in that case, and by both the House and Senate in committee reports about the AHRA, do interpret the legislation as being intended to permit private, noncommercial copying with any digital technology. However, these interpretations may not be binding.
442:, making private copying once again illegal. The groups objected to the exclusion of a compensation scheme, presenting evidence contradicting an assertion that an exemption would cause "zero or insignificant harm" to copyright holders and thus did not require compensation.
564:
When asked directly about the issue, RIAA president Cary
Sherman asserted that the lawyers misspoke, and that the RIAA has never said whether it was legal or illegal, emphasizing that the RIAA had not yet taken anyone to court over that issue alone.
683:
The
Library of Congress periodically issues rulings to exempt certain classes of works from the DMCA's prohibition on the circumvention of copy protection for non-infringing purposes. One such ruling in 2010 declared, among other things, that the
94:
the whole container or a file. When creating a copy, nothing looks into the transferred file, nor checks if there is any encryption or not, and raw copy is also not aware of any file format. One can copy a DVD byte by byte via programs like
553:), stated: "The record companies, my clients, have said, for some time now, and it's been on their Website for some time now, that it's perfectly lawful to take a CD that you've purchased, upload it onto your computer, put it onto your
638:. They are mainly used to transfer video on DVDs to different formats, to edit or back up DVD content, and to convert DVD video for playback on media players and mobile devices. Some DVD rippers include additional features such as
181:/ARccOS Protection), preventing access to the files without using the ripping software's decryption ability, which may not be legal to distribute or use. DVD files are often larger than is convenient to distribute or copy to
560:
Nevertheless, in lawsuits against individuals accused of copyright infringement for making files available via file-sharing networks, RIAA lawyers and PR officials have characterized CD ripping as "illegal" and "stealing".
423:) that are sometimes used on optical media to protect the content from ripping. However, the "Modernising Copyright" report makes clear that any workarounds to allow access will not involve a relaxation of the prohibition.
410:
Following each milestone in the reform process, press reports circulated that ripping non-DRM-protected CDs and DVDs was no longer illegal. However, the actual legislation to implement the changes is not yet in force; the
515:
a copy of any legally purchased music may be made by its owner, as long as it is not distributed to others and its use remains personal. In
Australia, this was extended in 2006 to also include photographs and films.
333:
the sum awarded to them was $ 55 million. In all but a few of these countries (exceptions include the UK and Malta), the levy is excised on all machines and blank materials capable of copying copyrighted works.
474:. Consumer copyright infringement cases in this area, to date, have only focused on issues related to consumer rights and the applicability of the law to the sharing of ripped files, not to the act of ripping,
611:(FTC), a government office which requires business to engage in consumer-friendly trade practices, has acknowledged that consumers normally expect to be able to rip audio CDs. Specifically, in response to the
490:
generally says that it is legal to make a backup copy of any copyrighted work if the user owns or has a licence to use a copy of the work or subject-matter as long as the user does not circumvent a
384:
Private copying of copyrighted material is illegal in the United
Kingdom. According to a 2009 survey, 59% of British consumers believed ripping a CD to be legal, and 55% admitted to doing it.
596:, a late-1990s case which broached the subject of a consumer's right to copy and format-shift, but which ultimately only ascertained that one of the first portable MP3 players wasn't even a "
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1819:
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and thus are effectively considered non-infringing, "personal use" copying is not explicitly mentioned as a type of fair use, and case law has not yet established otherwise.
905:
1194:
1102:
1006:
412:
463:, by making a copy of a personally owned audio CD for transfer to an MP3 player for that person's personal use, is not explicitly allowed or forbidden.
376:, anyone is allowed to make a private copy of a copyrighted material for oneself, providing that the copier has accessed the original material legally.
141:-encoded audio samples interleaved with secondary data streams and synchronization and error correction info. The ripping software tells the CD drive's
173:
which operate in a similar fashion. Unlike audio CDs, DVDs do contain data formatted in files for use in computers. However, commercial DVDs are often
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612:
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674:(DMCA) of 1998 makes it illegal to manufacture or distribute circumvention tools and use those tools for infringing purposes. In the 2009 case
29:
is the extraction of digital content from a container, such as a CD, onto a new digital location. Originally, the term meant to rip music from
2049:
1080:
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389:
189:, so DVD ripping software usually offers the ability to re-encode the content, with some quality loss, so that it fits in smaller files.
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211:. However, some countries either explicitly allow it in certain circumstances, or at least don't forbid it. Some countries also have
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device" covered by the law, so its maker wasn't required to pay royalties to the recording industry under other terms of the AHRA.
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apply to specific acts of personal copying, as determined in cases in the civil or criminal court systems, building up a body of
364:. These copies are called "home copies" and may only be used by the ripper. Public distribution of ripped files is not allowed.
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688:(CSS) commonly employed on commercial DVDs could be circumvented to enable non-infringing uses of the DVD's content. The
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In 2010, the UK government sought input on modernizing copyright exceptions for the digital age, and commissioned the
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Under the directive, making copies for other people is forbidden, and if done for profit can lead to a jail sentence.
494:
or give any of the reproductions away. This means that in most cases, ripping DVDs in Canada is most likely illegal.
278:
207:, and the person making the rip does not have the copyright owner's permission, then such ripping may be regarded as
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To rip contents is also different from grabbing an analog signal and re-encoding it, as it was done with early day
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534:) that ripping may be regarded as copyright infringement. In oral arguments before the Supreme Court in
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Despite the name, neither the media nor the data is damaged after extraction. Ripping is often used to
2012:
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20:
1340:"DOCKET NO. C-4195: COMPLAINT; In the Matter of SONY BMG MUSIC ENTERTAINMENT, a general partnership"
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Australian
Copyright Act 1968 - Section 109A: Copying sound recordings for private and domestic use
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A directive of the
European Union allows its member nations to instate in their legal framework a
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348:, citizens are allowed to make copies of their legally bought audio and video. This includes
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615:, the FTC declared that the marketing and sale of audio CDs which surreptitiously installed
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1072:
The
Copyright and Rights in Performances (Personal Copies for Private Use) Regulations 2014
557:. There is a very, very significant lawful commercial use for that device, going forward."
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to read this data and parse out just the LPCM samples. The software then dumps them into a
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New
Zealand Copyright Act 1994 - Section 81A: Copying sound recording for personal use
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952:"The Government Response to the Hargreaves Review of Intellectual Property and Growth"
227:
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especially when the CD or the drive containing the CD itself is damaged or defective.
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drives not capable of digital audio extraction (DAE). Sometimes even encoding, i.e.
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had only begun seeking review of draft legislation in June 2013, and the resulting
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215:-type laws which allow unauthorized copies to be made under certain conditions.
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Statement of the Librarian of Congress Relating to Section 1201 Rulemaking
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1051:"Copyright and Rights in Performances (Personal Copies for Private Use)"
1943:
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2016:
1953:
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1195:"Ripping your DVDs: It's a tricky issue, legally speaking | The Star"
813:"Ripping CDs and movies for personal use is once again illegal in UK"
426:
On 17 July 2015, the private copying exemption was overturned by the
107:
1274:
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios Inc. v. Grokster, Ltd. (3/29/05), 04-480
1552:
1515:
1505:
650:. While most DVD rippers only convert video to highly compressed
431:
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186:
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42:
19:
This article is about copying digital media. For other uses, see
2138:
1867:
1583:
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972:"Modernising Copyright: A modern, robust and flexible framework"
748:
573:
Although certain types of infringement scenarios are allowed as
554:
527:
representatives have made conflicting statements about ripping.
182:
158:
90:
To rip the contents out of a container is different from simply
2031:
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906:"Technical review of draft legislation on copyright exceptions"
1948:
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38:
34:
1117:"High court quashes regulations allowing people to copy CDs"
928:"Impact Assessment: Copyright Exception for Private Copying"
349:
1257:"Download Uproar: Record Industry Goes After Personal Use"
663:
In the case where media contents are protected using some
1241:
COPYRIGHT AMENDMENT ACT 2006 (NO. 158, 2006) - SCHEDULE 6
806:
804:
48:, and after that to the extraction of contents from any
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removal and the ability to make discs unrestricted and
238:
390:
Hargreaves Review of Intellectual Property and Growth
137:
For example, audio CDs contain 16-bit, 44.1 kHz
71:, and to edit, duplicate or back up media content. A
1171:"Consolidated federal laws of canada, Copyright Act"
1146:"Consolidated federal laws of canada, Copyright Act"
1059:. House of Lords. 29 July 2014. col. 1553–1582.
2121:
2098:
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1936:
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1812:
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1621:
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1313:"RIAA Believes MP3s Are A Crime: Why This Matters"
1096:"Exceptions to copyright: Guidance for consumers"
99:command onto a hard disk, and play the resulting
1381:RealNetworks v. DVD-CCA - MEMORANDUM & ORDER
585:According to Congressional reports, part of the
399:
60:discs, as well as the extraction of video game
33:games. Later, the term was applied to ripping
16:Copying digital media to a data storage device
2043:
1441:
966:
964:
203:When the material being ripped is not in the
75:is the extracted content, in its destination
8:
1419:, Electronic Frontier Foundation, 2010-07-26
1387:, Electronic Frontier Foundation, 2009-08-11
1368:, Electronic Frontier Foundation, 2009-08-11
900:
898:
896:
894:
892:
1169:Branch, Legislative Services (2019-06-17).
1144:Branch, Legislative Services (2019-06-17).
720:, a copy of a film created with a telecine.
296:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
79:, along with accompanying files, such as a
2050:
2036:
2028:
1448:
1434:
1426:
642:support, DVD and Blu-ray Disc decryption,
630:that facilitates copying the content of a
1250:
1248:
316:Learn how and when to remove this message
103:just as one would play the original DVD.
1283:
1281:
1036:"House of Commons Votes and Proceedings"
867:"UK has worst copyright laws – 'by far'"
613:Sony BMG copy protection rootkit scandal
800:
122:is incorrectly referred to as ripping.
1365:RealNetworks v. DVD-CCA (RealDVD case)
530:Executives claimed (in the context of
1416:Rulemaking Fixes Critical DMCA Wrongs
114:audio and video originally stored on
7:
2002:
659:Circumvention of DVD copy protection
294:adding citations to reliable sources
1403:, U.S. Copyright Office, 2010-07-23
1075:, Stationery Office, 10 June 2014,
840:"UK 'has the worst copyright laws'"
537:MGM Studios, Inc. v. Grokster, Ltd.
784:List of DVD authoring applications
457:Title 17 of the United States Code
14:
1288:Cameron, Scott (3 January 2008).
744:Comparison of DVD ripper software
592:The AHRA was partially tested in
2011:
2001:
1992:
1991:
672:Digital Millennium Copyright Act
594:RIAA v. Diamond Multimedia, Inc.
581:Personal copying acknowledgments
492:technological protection measure
266:
226:
1830:Optical disc authoring software
1056:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)
1016:from the original on 2014-06-03
912:. July 31, 2013. Archived from
547:United States Solicitor General
153:file, or feeds them to another
1329:180 F.3d 1072 (9th Cir. 1999).
873:. 28 July 2009. Archived from
811:Brodkin, Jon (July 17, 2015).
690:Electronic Frontier Foundation
1:
933:. 13 Dec 2012. Archived from
421:technical protection measures
199:Legal aspects of file sharing
185:or ordinary (not dual-layer)
1103:Intellectual Property Office
1007:Intellectual Property Office
466:Existing copyright statutes
413:Intellectual Property Office
2059:Pirated movie release types
1255:Fisher, Marc (2007-12-30).
769:Pirated movie release types
157:to produce, for example, a
87:from the ripping software.
2203:
1820:CD copy protection schemes
977:. Dec 2012. Archived from
196:
18:
2180:Video conversion software
1987:
1742:Hardware/software/content
1290:"Rip This, and Sue That?"
617:digital rights management
503:Australia and New Zealand
430:following a complaint by
609:Federal Trade Commission
587:Audio Home Recording Act
1825:CD player manufacturers
1175:laws-lois.justice.gc.ca
1150:laws-lois.justice.gc.ca
686:Content Scramble System
677:RealNetworks v. DVD CCA
488:Copyright Act of Canada
407:noncommercial copying.
179:Content Scramble System
708:Digital video recorder
404:
235:This section is empty.
209:copyright infringement
1298:National Public Radio
724:DVDScr (DVD Screener)
428:High Court of Justice
417:Statutory Instruments
1839:Variants based on CD
1804:Orange-Book-Standard
551:Obama administration
455:U.S. copyright law (
290:improve this section
177:(for example, using
713:Radio music ripping
520:Opinions of ripping
395:Copyright Directive
41:files from digital
1764:Portable CD player
1644:CD copy protection
916:on March 13, 2014.
718:Telecine (copying)
532:Atlantic v. Howell
525:Recording industry
2147:
2146:
2025:
2024:
1861:Video Single Disc
1082:978-0-11-111603-6
996:"Private Copying"
598:digital recording
545:(later appointed
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1654:CD manufacturing
1594:business card CD
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436:Musicians' Union
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237:You can help by
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1345:. June 29, 2007
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1038:. 14 July 2014.
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877:on May 23, 2009
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636:hard disk drive
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169:There are also
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1311:Singel, Ryan.
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1211:
1201:. 27 June 2012
1186:
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1125:. 17 July 2015
1108:
1087:
1081:
1062:
1042:
1027:
987:
984:on 2014-05-14.
960:
943:
940:on 2014-03-28.
919:
888:
871:Consumer Focus
858:
831:
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797:
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792:
791:
786:
781:
779:Blu-ray ripper
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461:space shifting
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380:United Kingdom
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116:analog formats
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2170:Audio storage
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2165:Copyright law
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2113:Telesync (TS)
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2085:Telecine (TC)
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1629:Rainbow Books
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1569:Mixed Mode CD
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1105:. March 2014.
1104:
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1040:(at item 10).
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957:. 3 Aug 2011.
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759:DVD authoring
757:
755:
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747:
745:
742:
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739:DVD Decrypter
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607:In 2007, the
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451:United States
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356:, as well as
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275:This section
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236:
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229:
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224:
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216:
214:
210:
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205:public domain
200:
192:
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176:
172:
167:
164:
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156:
152:
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144:
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125:
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121:
120:vinyl records
117:
113:
109:
104:
102:
98:
93:
88:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
69:shift formats
65:
63:
59:
55:
51:
50:storage media
47:
44:
40:
36:
32:
28:
22:
2125:
1902:Scarlet Book
1658:
1649:CD emulation
1634:CD authoring
1457:Compact disc
1415:
1409:
1399:
1393:
1380:
1374:
1364:
1358:
1347:. Retrieved
1334:
1325:
1316:
1306:
1293:
1269:
1260:
1236:
1225:
1214:
1203:. Retrieved
1198:
1189:
1178:. Retrieved
1174:
1164:
1153:. Retrieved
1149:
1139:
1127:. Retrieved
1122:The Guardian
1120:
1111:
1090:
1071:
1065:
1054:
1045:
1030:
1020:November 15,
1018:. Retrieved
1002:
990:
979:the original
946:
935:the original
922:
914:the original
909:
879:. Retrieved
875:the original
861:
850:. Retrieved
848:. 2009-04-15
843:
834:
822:. Retrieved
818:Ars Technica
816:
729:R5 (bootleg)
682:
675:
670:scheme, the
664:
662:
623:
621:
606:
602:
593:
591:
584:
572:
563:
559:
543:Don Verrilli
535:
531:
529:
523:
506:
485:
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467:
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425:
409:
405:
400:
388:
386:
383:
371:
343:
335:
330:private copy
329:
327:
312:
303:
288:Please help
276:
243:
239:adding to it
234:
202:
168:
136:
129:
105:
97:the Linux dd
89:
72:
66:
52:, including
31:Commodore 64
26:
25:
2067:Pre-release
1898:Hybrid SACD
1877:Purple Book
1797:Court cases
1771:CD recorder
1669:CD bronzing
1500:Yellow Book
1490:Orange Book
648:region-free
513:New Zealand
346:Netherlands
340:Netherlands
171:DVD rippers
2154:Categories
2134:Disk image
2123:Home video
2017:Wiktionary
1918:Picture CD
1716:Rock Ridge
1686:CD-i Ready
1676:CD subcode
1659:CD ripping
1639:CD burning
1622:Technology
1611:White Book
1578:Beige Book
1526:Green Book
1349:2012-01-08
1205:2019-11-16
1180:2019-11-16
1155:2019-11-16
1003:ipo.gov.uk
910:ipo.gov.uk
852:2010-05-22
796:References
624:DVD ripper
306:March 2014
197:See also:
118:, such as
112:digitizing
2100:In-cinema
1959:LaserDisc
1928:VinylDisc
1781:CD single
1776:CD ripper
1759:CD player
1721:ISO 13490
1696:El Torito
1691:4ch CD-DA
1589:shaped CD
1555:(Karaoke)
1542:Blue Book
789:DVD-Video
774:HandBrake
703:CD ripper
665:effective
509:Australia
277:does not
175:encrypted
132:CD ripper
81:cue sheet
1997:Category
1964:MiniDisc
1937:See also
1923:VideoNow
1883:DualDisc
1856:CD Video
1851:ATRAC CD
1754:CD drive
1701:ISO 9660
1681:C2 error
1574:Photo CD
1480:Red Book
1011:Archived
845:BBC News
754:IFO file
696:See also
575:fair use
569:Fair use
472:case law
440:UK Music
246:May 2017
213:fair use
193:Legality
143:firmware
101:ISO file
85:log file
2160:Ripping
2126:ripping
2007:Commons
1944:Blu-ray
1908:MovieCD
1749:CD Case
1564:Mini CD
1559:Gold CD
1533:CD-Text
1129:18 July
881:29 July
824:18 July
734:Riplock
655:video.
640:Blu-ray
549:by the
498:Oceania
362:Blu-ray
344:In the
298:removed
283:sources
92:copying
62:sprites
58:Blu-ray
27:Ripping
1954:HD DVD
1913:MP3 CD
1706:Joliet
1664:CD rot
1511:CD-MRW
1496:CD-ROM
1079:
482:Canada
476:per se
438:, and
258:Europe
108:CD-ROM
77:format
1873:DD-CD
1813:Lists
1711:Romeo
1548:CD+EG
1516:CD-MO
1506:CD-RW
1476:CD-DA
1464:Discs
1385:(PDF)
1343:(PDF)
1317:Wired
1099:(PDF)
1014:(PDF)
999:(PDF)
982:(PDF)
975:(PDF)
955:(PDF)
938:(PDF)
931:(PDF)
634:to a
626:is a
432:BASCA
374:Spain
368:Spain
187:DVD-R
155:codec
43:audio
2139:PDTV
1979:WORM
1969:SACD
1888:HDCD
1868:cDVD
1733:XRCD
1601:SVCD
1584:PMCD
1553:CD+G
1521:CD-i
1486:CD-R
1131:2015
1077:ISBN
1022:2019
883:2013
826:2015
555:iPod
511:and
486:The
360:and
354:SACD
281:any
279:cite
219:Asia
183:CD-R
159:FLAC
151:AIFF
139:LPCM
56:and
2185:DVD
2108:Cam
1974:UMD
1949:DVD
1728:UDF
1606:VCD
1538:CD+
1294:NPR
764:VOB
749:BUP
652:MP4
632:DVD
507:In
468:may
372:In
358:DVD
292:by
241:.
163:MP3
161:or
149:or
147:WAV
83:or
73:rip
54:DVD
46:CDs
39:MP3
37:or
35:WAV
21:Rip
2156::
2075:R5
1471:CD
1315:.
1296:.
1292:.
1280:^
1259:.
1247:^
1197:.
1173:.
1148:.
1119:.
1101:.
1053:.
1009:.
1005:.
1001:.
963:^
908:.
891:^
869:.
842:.
815:.
803:^
622:A
478:.
434:,
352:,
350:CD
130:A
64:.
2051:e
2044:t
2037:v
1449:e
1442:t
1435:v
1352:.
1319:.
1300:.
1263:.
1208:.
1183:.
1158:.
1133:.
1024:.
885:.
855:.
828:.
539:'
319:)
313:(
308:)
304:(
300:.
286:.
248:)
244:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.